CN106887804A - 用于冷却高压设备中的热气体的装置 - Google Patents

用于冷却高压设备中的热气体的装置 Download PDF

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CN106887804A
CN106887804A CN201611273072.9A CN201611273072A CN106887804A CN 106887804 A CN106887804 A CN 106887804A CN 201611273072 A CN201611273072 A CN 201611273072A CN 106887804 A CN106887804 A CN 106887804A
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cooling filter
cooling
filter
pressure
hot gas
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T·科尔梅尼耶
J·杜钦
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Schneider Electric SE
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric SE
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02BBOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B1/00Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
    • H02B1/56Cooling; Ventilation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02BBOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B13/00Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle
    • H02B13/02Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle with metal casing
    • H02B13/025Safety arrangements, e.g. in case of excessive pressure or fire due to electrical defect
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/003Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by using permeable mass, perforated or porous materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F7/00Elements not covered by group F28F1/00, F28F3/00 or F28F5/00
    • F28F7/02Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/2039Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating characterised by the heat transfer by conduction from the heat generating element to a dissipating body
    • H05K7/20509Multiple-component heat spreaders; Multi-component heat-conducting support plates; Multi-component non-closed heat-conducting structures
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D17/00Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles
    • F28D17/02Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles using rigid bodies, e.g. of porous material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于冷却由高压金属封闭开关设备和控制设备或预装式高压/低压站中的内部电弧产生的热气体的装置。该装置包括具有蜂窝结构的金属泡沫冷却过滤器。

Description

用于冷却高压设备中的热气体的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及操作高压金属封闭开关设备和控制设备或预装式高压/低压站的人的安全设备,更具体地,涉及用于冷却由内部电弧故障产生的热气体的装置。除了其它事项以外,这些冷却装置可用于通过IEC 62271-200和IEC 62271-202标准的测试,特别是当高压开关设备或控制设备安装在减小的空间中时。它们还可用于将这些标准未涵盖的风险,例如电气室中的压力升高或发生火灾的风险最小化。
在说明书的剩余部分中,术语高压对应于大于1000伏特的交流电压。然而,这种装置也可用于低压开关设备和控制设备。
背景技术
已知的高压金属封闭开关设备和控制设备中的故障模式之一是内部电弧,其是空气中或SF6(六氟化硫)中导体之间或导体与地之间的短路循环。电弧是电离气体的等离子体,其平衡温度非常高。因为发生在金属外壳内,因此它被称为“内部”。除了短路的经典效应(导体的加热、电磁效应)之外,内部电弧的特征在于传导到流体(气体)的大量能量。能量消耗,在一秒钟内达到几十兆焦耳,产生热效应和压力效应,导致热气体大量排出。在这些气体在不够大的有限容积内膨胀期间或当这些气体通过操作区域时,这给操作人员带来风险。有限容积应被理解为与当气体的膨胀和排出直接发生在变压站(例如局部变压器)外部或通风良好的隔室中而不经过开关设备或控制设备的操作区域时的无限容积相对。
应当注意,在某些情况下,气体通过与烟囱类似的导管从电气室排出到建筑物外部的户外空气中。在其它情况下,气体通过位于金属外壳的面上的孔直接排出到电气室内部,操作人员不能接近该面,其通常是外壳的顶部或后表面。当在金属外壳中发生内部电弧时,故障室中的压力突然增大。从外壳排出的气体的速度非常高,使得热气体的流动可以触碰电气室的顶部和侧壁反弹,从而对身处其中的任何操作人员构成危险。为了限制这些热气体的流动速度并控制其方向,现有技术中的解决方案使用安装在隔室上方的由垂直或水平翅片、重叠格栅类型的金属过滤器构成的缓冲冷却器,或由火山灰型火山岩的组件构成的冷却过滤器。
这些冷却器的缺点在于,一方面,基于火山灰的冷却器具有很少的再现性标准,并且其产生灰尘,这对电介质老化产生影响,另一方面,当金属过滤器由穿孔板或堆叠的金属格栅简单制成时,它们的冷却能力有限。
本发明的目的在于克服如上所述的现有技术的缺点。
发明内容
该目的通过用于冷却由高压金属封闭开关设备或控制设备中的内部电弧产生的热气体的装置来实现。
根据本发明的装置包括具有可变尺寸的肺泡状结构的金属泡沫冷却过滤器,所述肺泡状结构具有叠加和可重复的层,通常称为蜂窝结构。
在第一实施例中,所述金属泡沫过滤器包括连接在一起从而在所有方向上具有开口的球形单元。
在第二实施例中,所述金属泡沫过滤器包括形成六面体网格的单元。
优选地,所述六面体单元的直径在1至4cm范围内。
在第三实施例中,所述金属泡沫过滤器包括形成正方形网格的单元。
在不同的实施例中,所述冷却过滤器由铝或铸铁制成。
铝实际上具有良好的耐腐蚀性,铸铁代表了廉价的解决方案。也可以使用其它金属。
附图说明
参照附图,从以下作为非限制性示例的描述中,本发明的其它特征和优点将变得清楚,其中:
图1示意性示出了根据本发明的优选实施例的冷却过滤器的单元的俯视图;
图2示意性示出了图1的单元的几个侧视图;
图3示意性示出了图1的若干单元的组件的三维视图;
图4示出了冷却过滤器的实施例的示例的局部视图,所述冷却过滤器配备有由图3的组件构成的冷却装置;
图5至图7表示在高压金属封闭开关设备和控制设备或预装式高压/低压站中安装冷却过滤器的三种可能性。
具体实施方式
图1和图2分别示意性地示出了用于制造金属泡沫冷却过滤器的六面体单元2的俯视图和侧视图,所述六面体单元例如由铝或铸铁制成,旨在装备包含HV开关设备或控制设备的金属外壳。金属泡沫冷却过滤器还可安装在预装式高压/低压站或预装式电气室中的两个膨胀容积之间。
图3表示由六个单元2组装获得的3D网格状蜂窝结构。从图3中可以看出,单元2被组装成使得它们中的每一个在所有空间方向上均具有开口。这种结构有利于增加单元内的湍流,增加在内部电弧条件下的热传递。它同时确保高的总孔隙率,基本上限制了过滤器上游的内部压力的增加。因此在不对开关设备或控制设备产生显著影响的情况下获得流动(速度,温度等)增加。
图4表示冷却过滤器4的示例,所述冷却过滤器4装备由通过图3所示的组装模式获得的装置,其旨在安装到包含高压开关设备或控制设备的金属封闭模块中。所述冷却过滤器具有高孔隙率,这有利于增加单元内的湍流以及增加在内部电弧条件下的热传递。
优选地,单元2的直径在1至4cm范围内,冷却过滤器4的厚度为4至20cm,例如为10cm。
在另一个未示出的实施例中,金属泡沫冷却过滤器包括形成正方形网格的单元。
冷却过滤器4的结构与其将要安装在其中的高压金属外壳的尺寸密切相关。事实上,冷却过滤器4对包含高压开关设备或控制设备的模块中的内部电弧的出现而产生的热气体的流动造成阻碍。其结果是产生通过该冷却过滤器的压力跳跃,该压力跳跃引起过滤器上游的高压外壳中的压力增加。然而,所产生的压力必须保持在金属外壳的结构极限内。如果流动阻力太低,则热效应将不显著。此外,考虑到以下两种情况,对根据本发明的冷却过滤器的尺寸进行限制:
在内部电弧发生在远离冷却过滤器4并靠近金属外壳的底部的情况下,电弧室中的第一压力峰值不受冷却过滤器4的影响。事实上,需要10ms以上的时间使压力波到达冷却过滤器4并返回到电弧区域。在10ms结束时达到峰值后,电弧的功率下降。因此计算冷却过滤器4的尺寸,从而将由冷却过滤器4引起的压力增加限制到与没有冷却过滤器4时在金属外壳内观察到的第一压力峰值相同的水平。
在内部电弧发生在冷却过滤器4附近的情况下,内部电弧对压力增加的影响是可忽略的。事实上,尽管气体通过冷却过滤器4加速了金属外壳中的压力上升,但是当热气体到达冷却过滤器4时,由于其与气体密度成正比,该压力在几毫秒内显著下降。这种现象使得由冷却过滤器4引起的压力增加在几毫秒结束时几乎可以忽略不计。
根据本发明的装置能够:
降低包含HV开关设备或控制设备的金属外壳中的,或位于金属外壳下游的不够大的膨胀容积中的气体速度;
冷却这些气体的温度并在金属外壳或下游容积内产生湍流;
将可燃气体的燃烧包含在金属外壳或下游容积内;
实现这些目标,而不增加金属外壳或下游容积内的压力峰值。
图5至图7示意性示出了布置在电气室14中的包含高压开关设备或控制设备12的金属外壳10。
在图5中,冷却过滤器16设置在穿透外壳10的上表面20的孔18上,以便冷却并降低室14中热气体的排出速度。
图6表示与图5的过滤器不同的冷却过滤器的另一实施例,其不同之处在于附加的缓冲容积21设置在包含高压开关设备或控制设备的模块的上方,特别是用于限制尤其是高性能模块(40-50kA)中的压力。冷却过滤器22设置在穿透外壳10的上表面26的孔24上。
在图7中,冷却过滤器36设置在电气室14下面的膨胀腔38中。在金属外壳10中产生的热气体经由第一孔40和第二孔42被排出到膨胀腔38。冷却过滤器36将膨胀腔38分成两个区域44和46。第二冷却过滤器48设置在连接第二区域46和电气室14内部的第三孔50上。
冷却过滤器36减慢经由孔40排出到达第一区域44的热空气的流动,而冷却过滤器48减慢经由孔44从第二区域46排出到电气室14内部的热空气的流动。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于冷却由高压金属封闭(10)开关设备和控制设备(12)中的内部电弧产生的热气体的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括具有蜂窝结构的金属泡沫冷却过滤器(4,16,22,28,36,48)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述冷却过滤器(4,16,22,28,36,48)包括连接在一起从而在所有方向上具有开口的球形单元。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述冷却过滤器(4,16,22,28,36,48)包括形成六面体网格的单元。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述冷却过滤器(4,16,22,28,36,48)包括形成正方形网格的单元。
5.根据权利要求3所述的装置,其中,所述六面体单元直径在1至4cm范围内。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的装置,其中,所述冷却过滤器(4,16,22,28,36,48)由铝制成。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的装置,其中,所述冷却过滤器(4,16,22,28,36,48)由铸铁制成。
CN201611273072.9A 2015-12-15 2016-12-15 用于冷却高压设备中的热气体的装置 Pending CN106887804A (zh)

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FR1562418 2015-12-15
FR1562418A FR3045226B1 (fr) 2015-12-15 2015-12-15 Dispositif de refroidissement de gaz chauds dans un appareillage haute tension

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EP3182538A1 (fr) 2017-06-21
EP3182538B1 (fr) 2021-02-03

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Application publication date: 20170623