CN106887578A - A kind of artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN106887578A
CN106887578A CN201710211768.7A CN201710211768A CN106887578A CN 106887578 A CN106887578 A CN 106887578A CN 201710211768 A CN201710211768 A CN 201710211768A CN 106887578 A CN106887578 A CN 106887578A
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negative material
composite nano
artificial gold
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CN106887578B (en
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童汇
陈核章
张宝
王旭
姚赢赢
郑俊超
喻万景
张佳峰
董鹏远
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Central South University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

A kind of artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material and preparation method thereof, the composite negative pole material is made up of following methods:(1)Sulphur source and tin source is soluble in water, pH value is adjusted, obtain colourless transparent solution;(2)CNT is scattered in colourless transparent solution, hydro-thermal reaction, cooled down, filtering, washing is dried, and obtains black powder;(3)By black powder in protective atmosphere, roasting, cooling,.Negative material pattern of the present invention and size uniform, material caliber are less than 50nm, and vulcanization tin particles are evenly distributed on carbon nano tube surface, and under 3.0~0.01V, 100mA/g current densities, the gram volume that discharges first is up to 763mAhg‑1, secondary discharge gram volume is up to 530 mAhg‑1, capability retention is up to more than 90% after the circle of circulation 50;The inventive method process is simple, cycle is short, reaction temperature are low, low cost, can largely synthesize and yield is high.

Description

A kind of artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of anode material of lithium-ion battery and preparation method thereof, and in particular to a kind of sodium-ion battery is used Artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
With the consumption of the non-renewable fossil energy such as oil, natural gas, the arrival of energy crisis causes more and more Concern.In this context, the novel high-energy electrochmical power source of green non-pollution has turned into the focus that countries in the world are competitively developed.
Lithium ion battery is a kind of new electrochmical power source, respectively with two changes that are reversibly embedded and deviating from lithium ion Compound is constituted as positive and negative electrode.But, with the development of lithium ion battery, the demand of lithium is increasing, lithium ion battery Cost also constantly rising, sodium-ion battery initially enters the visual field of people.Sodium-ion battery can be as lithium ion battery Substitute products, be primarily due to the reserves of sodium and enrich very much, it is cheap so that sodium-ion battery is more and more weighed Depending on the emphasis as research.
CN105406065A discloses a kind of SnS2- C nano composite negative pole material and its preparation method and application, curing Tin obtains a nanometer SnS by first time ball milling2Particle;Again by the nanometer SnS2Particle carries out second in adding glucose solution Secondary ball milling, obtains mixture;Heat treatment is carried out after the mixture is dried the SnS is obtained2- C nano composite. Although the synthetic method is simple, gained artificial gold material property is not good enough.
CN106099069A discloses a kind of sodium-ion battery negative pole SnS/C composites and preparation method thereof, is by sulphur Change tin to be dissolved in medium solution, add organic carbon source, continue dispersed with stirring uniformly, be dried to obtain consolidating for SnS/C composites Body powder precursor, then calcine and obtain porous SnS/C composites.But, because gained composite material granular particle diameter is excessive, make The chemical property for obtaining composite is not good enough, and substantial amounts of ammonium sulfide gaseous contamination environment can be produced in preparation process.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are the drawbacks described above for overcoming prior art to exist, there is provided one kind electric discharge gram Capacity is high, and Volume Changes are small in material charge and discharge process, good cycle, and temperature needed for reaction is low, the simple sulphur of technological process Change tin/carbon nanometer pipe composite Nano negative material and preparation method thereof.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is as follows:A kind of artificial gold/CNT composite Nano Negative material, is made up of following methods:
(1)Sulphur source and tin source is soluble in water, pH value is adjusted, obtain colourless transparent solution;
(2)CNT is scattered in step(1)In gained colourless transparent solution, hydro-thermal reaction is carried out, naturally cools to room temperature, Filtering, washing precipitation, vacuum drying obtains black powder;
(3)By step(2)Gained black powder in protective atmosphere, roasting, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain artificial gold/ CNT composite Nano negative material.
Preferably, step(1)In, the molar concentration of tin ion is 0.01~0.10mol/L in the solution(More preferably 0.015~0.060mol/L).If the concentration of tin ion is too small, carbon nano tube surface vulcanization tin material is very few, can cause energy Density is low, if the excessive concentration of tin ion, artificial gold then will not homoepitaxial in carbon nano tube surface.
Preferably, step(1)In, sulphion and the mol ratio of tin ion are 1~4 in the solution:1.The sulphion It is too high or too low with the ratio of tin ion to be all difficult to generate required product.
Preferably, step(1)In, regulation pH value to 4~8.The pH value is too high or too low to be all difficult to generate required product.
Preferably, step(2)In, the consumption of the CNT accounts for the percentage of sulphur source, Xi Yuan and CNT gross mass Than being 2~10%(More preferably 4~6%).If the percentage of gross mass shared by CNT is too small, conduction can not be effectively improved Performance, if the percentage of gross mass shared by CNT is excessive, can reduce the unit available capacity of material.
Preferably, step(2)In, the temperature of the hydro-thermal reaction is 160~240 DEG C, and the time is 12~36 h(More preferably 20~30 h).The solution that the hydro-thermal reaction will preferably be dispersed with CNT is fitted into reactor, is placed in drying box OK;The reactor preferred liner is the stainless steel cauldron of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Preferably, step(2)In, the mode of the washing is to be taken up in order of priority washing precipitation >=2 with ethanol and deionized water It is secondary.Being washed by multiple deionized water can effectively remove the inorganic matter of residual, and ethanol can effectively remove the organic matter of residual.
Preferably, step(2)In, the vacuum drying temperature is 60~120 DEG C, and vacuum≤200Pa, the time is 12 ~24h.
Preferably, step(3)In, the temperature of the roasting is 600~850 DEG C(More preferably 700~800 DEG C), roasting Time is 2~10h(More preferably 2.5~6.0h).If the temperature of roasting is too low, vulcanization tin material can not be synthesized, if roasting temperature Height is spent, then synthesized vulcanization tin particles are larger, and chemical property is not good.
Preferably, step(1)In, the sulphur source is one or more in thiocarbamide, vulcanized sodium or thioacetamide etc..
Preferably, step(1)In, the Xi Yuan is STANNOUS SULPHATE CRYSTALLINE, Tin tetrachloride pentahydrate, two hydration stannous chloride or stannic acids One or more in sodium etc..
Preferably, step(3)In, the protective atmosphere is the gaseous mixture of argon gas and hydrogen, wherein, the volume integral of hydrogen Number is 3~10%.Protective atmosphere used in the present invention is high-purity gas, purity >=99.99%.
Know-why of the invention is:Present invention CNT plays template as pattern and the conditioning agent of structure Effect, artificial gold is grown in the surface of CNT, so as to limit the growth of artificial gold, obtain artificial gold nanoparticle attached bag Artificial gold carbon on the carbon nanotubes is covered, the volumetric expansion of material can be effectively suppressed in charge and discharge process, meanwhile, CNT Also advantageously improve electric conductivity.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)Artificial gold of the present invention/CNT composite Nano negative material product pattern and size uniform, material caliber are less than 50nm, vulcanization tin particles are evenly distributed on carbon nano tube surface, with sodium ion diffusion length is short, transmission rate fast, Gao Bibiao Area, high conductivity, ion transmit the characteristic such as fast;Gained artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material is assembled into electricity Pond, in 3.0~0.01V voltage ranges, under the current density of 100mA/g, the gram volume that discharges first reaches as high as 763mAh g-1, secondary discharge gram volume may be up to 530 mAhg-1, capability retention is up to more than 90%, cycle performance after the circle of circulation 50 Excellent explanation composite negative pole material of the present invention has the structure of stabilization, and electrode is few with electrolyte side reaction;The present invention is compound to be received Rice negative material has excellent chemical property, can be safe as the negative material of secondary sodium-ion battery, and price is just Preferably, it is widely used, can be applied to energy storage device, back-up source, redundant electrical power etc.;
(2)The raw materials used wide material sources of the inventive method, technological process is simple, be readily synthesized nano material, cycle is short, reaction temperature Low, low cost is spent, can largely be synthesized and product yield is high.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the XRD of the gained artificial gold of embodiment 1/CNT composite Nano negative material;
Fig. 2 schemes for the SEM of the gained artificial gold of embodiment 1/CNT composite Nano negative material;
Fig. 3 is the first charge-discharge curve map of the gained artificial gold of embodiment 1/CNT composite Nano negative material;
Fig. 4 schemes for the SEM of the gained artificial gold of embodiment 2/CNT composite Nano negative material;
Fig. 5 is the cyclic curve figure of the gained artificial gold of embodiment 2/CNT composite Nano negative material;
Fig. 6 is the first charge-discharge curve map of the gained artificial gold of embodiment 3/CNT composite Nano negative material.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
The CNT that the embodiment of the present invention is used is purchased from middle section's epoch, model TNMC8;The height that the present embodiment is used The purity of pure argon and high-purity hydrogen is 99.99%;The chemical reagent that the embodiment of the present invention is used, unless otherwise specified, Obtained by routine business approach.
Embodiment 1
(1)By 0.3g(4.0mmol)Thioacetamide and 0.7012g(2.0mmol)Tin tetrachloride pentahydrate be dissolved in 70 mL go from In son, regulation pH value obtains colourless transparent solution to 7;
(2)60 mg CNTs are scattered in step(1)In gained colourless transparent solution, then it is poly- four to be placed in 100 mL liners In the stainless steel cauldron of PVF, it is put into drying box, at 180 DEG C, carries out hydro-thermal reaction 24h, then naturally cools to Room temperature, filtering is taken up in order of priority washing precipitation 3 times with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and at 80 DEG C, under vacuum 180Pa, vacuum is done Dry 12h, obtains black powder;
(3)By step(2)Gained black powder is in high-purity argon gas and the mixed atmosphere of high-purity hydrogen(The volume fraction of hydrogen is 8%)In, at 750 DEG C, 3h is calcined, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material.
As shown in figure 1, embodiment of the present invention gained artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material is that pure phase vulcanizes Asia Tin material.
As shown in Fig. 2 embodiment of the present invention gained artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material, vulcanizes tin particles Carbon nano tube surface is evenly distributed on, and the CNT of synthesis and the caliber of artificial gold multiple tube are less than 50nm.
The assembling of battery:0.40 g embodiment of the present invention gained artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material is weighed, Add that 0.05 g acetylene blacks make conductive agent and 0.05 g 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONEs make binding agent, it is well mixed after be applied on Copper Foil Negative plate is made, with metallic sodium piece as positive pole in vacuum glove box, with Whatman GF/D as barrier film, 1mol/L NaClO4/ EC:DMC(Volume ratio 1:1)It is electrolyte, is assembled into the button cell of CR2025.
As shown in figure 3, after testing, in 3.0~0.01V voltage ranges, under 100mA/g current densities, it is first for battery Electric discharge gram volume is 757.3 mAhg-1
Embodiment 2
(1)By 0.3g(4.0mmol)Thiocarbamide and 0.9026g(4.0mmol)Two hydration stannous chloride are dissolved in 70 mL deionized waters In, regulation pH value obtains colourless transparent solution to 8;
(2)60 mg CNTs are scattered in step(1)In gained colourless transparent solution, then it is poly- four to be placed in 100 mL liners In the stainless steel cauldron of PVF, it is put into drying box, at 160 DEG C, carries out hydro-thermal reaction 30h, then naturally cools to Room temperature, filtering is taken up in order of priority washing precipitation 4 times with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and at 60 DEG C, under vacuum 150Pa, vacuum is done Dry 20h, obtains black powder;
(3)By step(2)Gained black powder is in high-purity argon gas and the mixed atmosphere of high-purity hydrogen(The volume fraction of hydrogen is 5%)In, at 700 DEG C, 6h is calcined, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material.
As shown in figure 4, embodiment of the present invention gained artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material, vulcanizes tin particles Carbon nano tube surface is evenly distributed on, and the CNT of synthesis and the caliber of artificial gold multiple tube are less than 50nm.
The assembling of battery:0.40 g embodiment of the present invention gained artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material is weighed, Add that 0.05 g acetylene blacks make conductive agent and 0.05 g 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONEs make binding agent, it is well mixed after be applied on Copper Foil Negative plate is made, with metallic sodium piece as positive pole in vacuum glove box, with Whatman GF/D as barrier film, 1mol/L NaClO4/ EC:DMC(Volume ratio 1:1)It is electrolyte, is assembled into the button cell of CR2025.
As shown in figure 5, after testing, battery under 100mA/g current densities, is put first in 3.0~0.01V voltage ranges Electric gram volume reaches as high as 760.5mAhg-1, secondary discharge gram volume is 530 mAhg-1, capacity keeps after the circle of circulation 50 Rate is up to more than 90%.
Embodiment 3
(1)By 0.15g(2.0mmol)Thioacetamide and 0.35g(1.0mmol)Tin tetrachloride pentahydrate be dissolved in 60 mL go from In sub- water, regulation pH value obtains colourless transparent solution to 6;
(2)30 mg CNTs are scattered in step(1)In gained colourless transparent solution, then it is poly- four to be placed in 100 mL liners In the stainless steel cauldron of PVF, it is put into drying box, at 200 DEG C, carries out hydro-thermal reaction 20h, then naturally cools to Room temperature, filtering is taken up in order of priority washing precipitation 3 times with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, at 100 DEG C, under vacuum 120Pa, and vacuum 16h is dried, black powder is obtained;
(3)By step(2)Gained black powder is in high-purity argon gas and the mixed atmosphere of high-purity hydrogen(The volume fraction of hydrogen is 3%)In, at 800 DEG C, 2.5h is calcined, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative pole material Material.
As shown in fig. 6, after testing, in 2.5~0.01V voltage ranges, under 100 mA/g current densities, it is first for battery Electric discharge gram volume is 763mAhg-1

Claims (10)

1. a kind of artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material, it is characterised in that be made up of following methods:
(1)Sulphur source and tin source is soluble in water, pH value is adjusted, obtain colourless transparent solution;
(2)CNT is scattered in step(1)In gained colourless transparent solution, hydro-thermal reaction is carried out, naturally cools to room temperature, Filtering, washing precipitation, vacuum drying obtains black powder;
(3)By step(2)Gained black powder in protective atmosphere, roasting, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain artificial gold/ CNT composite Nano negative material.
2. artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(1)In, The molar concentration of tin ion is 0.01~0.10mol/L in the solution.
3. artificial gold according to claim 1 or claim 2/CNT composite Nano negative material, it is characterised in that:Step(1) In, sulphion and the mol ratio of tin ion are 1~4 in the solution:1.
4. according to one of claims 1 to 3 artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material, it is characterised in that:Step (1)In, regulation pH value to 4~8.
5. according to one of Claims 1 to 4 artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material, it is characterised in that:Step (2)In, the percentage that the consumption of the CNT accounts for sulphur source, Xi Yuan and CNT gross mass is 2~10%.
6. according to one of Claims 1 to 5 artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material, it is characterised in that:Step (2)In, the temperature of the hydro-thermal reaction is 160~240 DEG C, and the time is 12~36 h.
7. according to one of claim 1~6 artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material, it is characterised in that:Step (2)In, the mode of the washing is to be taken up in order of priority washing precipitation >=2 times with ethanol and deionized water;The vacuum drying temperature It is 60~120 DEG C to spend, vacuum≤200Pa, and the time is 12~24h.
8. according to one of claim 1~7 artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material, it is characterised in that:Step (3)In, the temperature of the roasting is 600~850 DEG C, and the time of roasting is 2~10h.
9. according to one of claim 1~8 artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material, it is characterised in that:Step (1)In, the sulphur source is one or more in thiocarbamide, vulcanized sodium or thioacetamide;The Xi Yuan is STANNOUS SULPHATE CRYSTALLINE, five hydrations Butter of tin, two hydration stannous chloride or sodium stannate in one or more.
10. according to one of claim 1~9 artificial gold/CNT composite Nano negative material, it is characterised in that:Step Suddenly(3)In, the protective atmosphere is the gaseous mixture of argon gas and hydrogen, wherein, the volume fraction of hydrogen is 3~10%.
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CN108987735A (en) * 2018-09-21 2018-12-11 东华大学 A kind of porous hollow carbon ball load stannous sulfide nano-quantum point combination electrode material
CN110148723A (en) * 2019-05-18 2019-08-20 福建师范大学 A kind of SnS with high performance2The preparation method and application of@nitrogen-doped carbon compound kalium ion battery negative electrode material
CN111446447A (en) * 2020-04-03 2020-07-24 浙江长兴绿色电池科技有限公司 Method for preparing sulfur stannide/carbon composite material by supercritical carbon dioxide fluid and application
CN111697213A (en) * 2020-05-06 2020-09-22 广州大学 Cobalt disulfide-tin disulfide composite particle and preparation method and application thereof
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CN108281652A (en) * 2018-01-23 2018-07-13 哈尔滨工业大学 A kind of preparation method of conversion hysteria Metal Substrate sulfide lithium ion battery anode active material
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CN113346074A (en) * 2020-03-03 2021-09-03 香港科技大学 Electrode material with multilayer structure and preparation method thereof
CN113346074B (en) * 2020-03-03 2024-03-15 香港科技大学 Electrode material with multilayer structure and preparation method thereof
CN111446447A (en) * 2020-04-03 2020-07-24 浙江长兴绿色电池科技有限公司 Method for preparing sulfur stannide/carbon composite material by supercritical carbon dioxide fluid and application
CN111697213A (en) * 2020-05-06 2020-09-22 广州大学 Cobalt disulfide-tin disulfide composite particle and preparation method and application thereof
CN112490430A (en) * 2020-12-07 2021-03-12 江苏师范大学 Preparation method of high-performance negative electrode material for lithium/sodium ion battery
CN114695854A (en) * 2022-03-23 2022-07-01 西安建筑科技大学 CNTs-SnS-SnS2@ GO heterostructure composite material and preparation method and application thereof

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