CN106887341B - Three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor preparation method - Google Patents
Three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of preparation method of three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor, nickel foam prepares three-dimensional grapheme substrate by chemical vapour deposition technique as template, then slight activation processing is carried out to three-dimensional grapheme, situ aggregation method growth in situ polyaniline array in three-dimensional grapheme substrate is finally utilized, is obtained a kind of with high-specific surface area, high performance electrode material for super capacitor.Preparation method of the present invention is simple, and prepared electrode material polyaniline is evenly distributed, and graphene-structured is complete, and chemical property has relative to independent graphene to be obviously improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor preparation methods.
Background technique
Supercapacitor is as a kind of novel electric energy storage device, energy density and power density with superelevation, compared with
The advantages that high cyclical stability.Double layer capacitor can be mainly classified as by its energy storage mechnism difference and pseudocapacitors two are big
Class.Double layer capacitor is to realize the storage of charge in electrode material surface adsorption desorption by electrolyte ion and release
It puts.Therefore want that obtaining higher energy density needs electrode material to have biggish specific surface area.Graphene is a kind of only single
The two-dimensional material of atomic layer level thickness, electric conductivity and excellent mechanical property with superelevation, while its specific surface area may be up to
2630m2×g-1, therefore graphene is considered as a kind of ideal electrode material for super capacitor.
Nearest three-dimensional grapheme causes the concern of many researchers, three-dimensional porous structure because of its excellent performance
Bigger specific surface area can be provided, while the generation of graphene agglomeration can be prevented, the effective electrification for improving material
Learn performance.But individually using three-dimensional grapheme as electrode material for super capacitor, due to the energy storage mechanism of its electric double layer, storage
Capacity is lower, is not able to satisfy actual demand.Therefore by three-dimensional grapheme and fake capacitance material, (transition metal oxide and conduction are poly-
Close object) it combines, while using the performance advantage of two kinds of materials, becoming the primary hand for improving three-dimensional grapheme chemical property at present
Section.Polyaniline is a kind of very widely used electrode material for super capacitor, its conductive energy is high, theoretical specific capacity
High, the advantages that synthetic method is simple and cheap.It is prepared to the super electricity of graphene/polyaniline in conjunction with three-dimensional grapheme
Container electrode material has become the hot spot of current electrode material for super capacitor research.Wherein, graphene oxide because its surface it is big
The oxygen-containing group of amount can provide active site for the polymerization of aniline, be easily formed stable three-dimensional structure and widely paid close attention to.
(Yu Pingping,Zhao Xin,Huang Zilong,et al.Free-standing three-dimensional
graphene and polyaniline nanowire arrays hybrid foams for highperformance
flexible and lightweight supercapacitors.Journal of materials chemistry A,
2014,2:14413-14420.) Yu et al. is immersed in nickel foam as template in the aqueous solution of graphene oxide, makes to aoxidize stone
Black alkene is wrapped in foam nickel surface, is then defoamed nickel template using hydrochloric acid solution, and obtain three-dimensional stone by electronation
Black alkene material.It adds it in aniline monomer solution, impregnates 180min, polymerization accelerant polymerization is added and obtains three-dimensional stone for 24 hours
Black alkene/carbon/polyaniline super capacitor electrode material.Electrochemical property test is carried out to material, specific capacitance can reach 790F/g,
And its capacity retention rate still can reach 80% after 5000 circulations.This aspect is because graphene is the quick biography of electronics
It is defeated to provide channel, it is on the other hand because polyaniline is well-regulated to arrange the specific surface area for increasing material, thus effectively
Improve the chemical property of material.(Meng Yuena,Wang Kai,Zhang Yajie,et al.Hierarchical
porous graphene/polyaniline composite film with superior rate performance for
Flexible supercapacitors, Advanced materials, 2013,25 (48): 6985-6990.) Meng etc. is by oxygen
Graphite alkene dispersion liquid, calcium chloride and ammonia spirit mixing, and it is passed through carbon dioxide gas thereto, form graphene oxide packet
The three-dimensional porous structure of calcium carbonate template is wrapped up in, then uses hydrazine steam reduction graphene oxide, and remove carbonic acid with hydrochloric acid solution
Calcium template obtains three-dimensional grapheme, adds it in the perchloric acid solution containing aniline monomer and is slowly stirred, then thereto
Polymerization accelerant is added, is reacted under condition of ice bath for 24 hours, after product washing drying, obtains three-dimensional grapheme/carbon/polyaniline super electricity
Container electrode material.Due to its stable structure and biggish specific surface area, so that the material shows excellent electrochemistry
Performance.
In conclusion preparing three-dimensional grapheme/carbon/polyaniline super capacitor electrode material at present mostly with graphene oxide
For raw material, polyaniline is then prepared in conjunction with the graphene oxide after reduction by electrode of super capacitor by chemical polymerization
Material.Although graphene oxide provides binding site for aniline polymerization and to gather because there are a large amount of oxygen-containing functional groups on its surface
Aniline is in connection even closer, and graphene oxide is more serious to graphene-structured destruction during the preparation process, although through
Crossing reduction, still its electric conductivity is not restored completely, is unfavorable for the raising of electrode material chemical property.Therefore with knot
Structure is complete, morphology controllable, and the three-dimensional grapheme for the chemical vapour deposition technique preparation haveing excellent performance is raw material, prepares three-dimensional graphite
Alkene/carbon/polyaniline super capacitor electrode material is the effective means for improving its chemical property.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array electrode of super capacitor
The preparation method of material.
A kind of three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor preparation method of the invention is by following
What step carried out:
One, it prepares three-dimensional grapheme: being put in nickel foam as template in tube furnace, argon gas and hydrogen, will as carrier gas
Tube furnace is heated to 900~1100 DEG C of 30~60min of heat preservation from room temperature, and when temperature is 900~1100 DEG C into furnace with 10
The rate of~20sccm is passed through 5~10min of methane gas.Then tube furnace is cooled to room with the rate of 80~100 DEG C/min
Then the nickel foam that graphene obtained wraps up is cut into 1 × 1cm of area by temperature2Square, and be 4% by mass fraction
Polymethyl methacrylate solution drips to graphene package foam nickel surface by 100~150 μ L dosage every square centimeter, 200
30~60min is kept the temperature at DEG C, makes the polymethyl methacrylate solution curing and drying of graphene package foam nickel surface, then will
It is 60~90 DEG C that it, which is dipped into temperature, and concentration is 3~12h in the hydrochloric acid solution of 3~4mol/L, removes nickel foam therein, then
Polymethyl methacrylate therein is removed with hot acetone solution, and is cleaned up repeatedly with deionized water, three-dimensional graphite is obtained
Alkene.Then the three-dimensional grapheme cleaned up is moved into 12~18h of immersion, the three-dimensional being slightly acidified in concentrated nitric acid solution
Graphene;
Two, in-situ polymerization prepares polyaniline array: aniline monomer and ammonium persulfate are added separately to isometric 1mol/
In the sulfuric acid solution of L, 30~60min is stirred at room temperature and is made it completely dissolved.Then three be slightly acidified step 1 obtained
Dimension graphene is placed on glass slide, and is dipped in 1~3h in aniline solution, keeps aniline monomer complete with three-dimensional grapheme
Contact, finally ammonium persulfate solution is added in aniline solution under condition of ice bath and is slowly stirred 30~60s, then allow its
Under condition of ice bath reaction 0~for 24 hours.Material is cleaned with deionized water after reaction, and places it in vacuum oven
In dry 6~12h at 80~100 DEG C, obtain three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor.
A kind of application of three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor, it is characterised in that three-dimensional graphite
Alkene/polyaniline array composite material is used as electrode material for super capacitor.
Advantages of the present invention:
(1) present invention prepares the three-dimensional grapheme haveing excellent performance by chemical vapour deposition technique, in combination in situ poly-
Conjunction technology grows polyaniline array on three-dimensional grapheme surface, is prepared for new structural three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array
Electrode material for super capacitor.
(2) electrode material for super capacitor prepared by the present invention can play graphene simultaneously and the performance of polyaniline is excellent
Gesture, wherein polyaniline provides biggish capacity, and three-dimensional grapheme then provides quick electronics to be fixed on the polyaniline on its surface
Transmission channel and biggish specific surface area, the effective chemical property for improving material, specific capacity are much higher than up to 890F/g
The electrode of super capacitor for using graphene oxide to prepare for raw material.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the stereoscan photograph that the three-dimensional grapheme prepared in embodiment 1 is amplified to 100 times;
Fig. 2 is the stereoscan photograph that the three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array prepared in embodiment 1 is amplified to 100 times;
Fig. 3 is the stereoscan photograph that the three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array prepared in embodiment 1 is amplified to 5000 times;
Fig. 4 curve 1 and curve 2 are respectively three-dimensional grapheme prepared by embodiment 1 and three-dimensional graphite prepared by embodiment 2
Alkene/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor cyclic voltammetry curve;
Fig. 5 is three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor constant current charge-discharge prepared by embodiment 1
Curve;
Fig. 6 is the three-dimensional grapheme graphene/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor of the preparation of example 1 in different electricity
Specific capacity curve under current density
Fig. 7 is three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor cyclical stability prepared by embodiment 1
Curve
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
This example is comparative test, prepares three-dimensional grapheme, specific embodiment is as follows:
Be put in nickel foam as template in tube furnace, argon gas and hydrogen as carrier gas, flow be respectively 500sccm and
Tube furnace is heated to 1000 DEG C of heat preservation 30min from room temperature with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, and is in temperature by 200sccm
Rate at 1000 DEG C into furnace with 20sccm is passed through methane gas 10min.Methane gas is closed, carrier gas is continually fed into and will be managed
Formula furnace is cooled to room temperature with the rate of 100 DEG C/min, then by the nickel foam that graphene obtained wraps up be cut into area 1 ×
1cm2Square, using mass fraction be 4% polymethyl methacrylate solution be added drop-wise to by 150 μ L dosage every square centimeter
Graphene wraps up foam nickel surface, keeps the temperature 60min at 200 DEG C, makes the polymethylacrylic acid of graphene package foam nickel surface
Methyl ester solution curing and drying, being then dipped into temperature is 90 DEG C, and concentration is 12h in the hydrochloric acid solution of 3mol/L, removes it
In nickel foam, finally remove polymethyl methacrylate therein using the hot acetone solution that temperature is 60 DEG C, and spend from
Sub- water cleans up to obtain three-dimensional grapheme repeatedly.
To be saturated Ag/AgCl electrode as reference electrode, platinum filament is to electrode, and the three-dimensional grapheme of above-mentioned drying is work electricity
Pole carries out Electrochemical Detection to it under conditions of 1mol/L sulfuric acid solution is as electrolyte.
As shown in Figure 1, it can be seen that the three-dimensional grapheme of preparation shows three-dimensional connection structure, the smooth knot of graphene surface
Structure is complete.
Embodiment 2
Be put in nickel foam as template in tube furnace, argon gas and hydrogen as carrier gas, flow be respectively 500sccm and
Tube furnace is heated to 1000 DEG C of heat preservation 30min from room temperature with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, and is in temperature by 200sccm
Rate at 1000 DEG C into furnace with 20sccm is passed through methane gas 10min.Methane gas is closed, carrier gas is continually fed into and will be managed
Formula furnace is cooled to room temperature with the rate of 100 DEG C/min, then by the nickel foam that graphene obtained wraps up be cut into area 1 ×
1cm2Square, using mass fraction be 4% polymethyl methacrylate solution be added drop-wise to by 150 μ L dosage every square centimeter
Graphene wraps up foam nickel surface, keeps the temperature 60min at 200 DEG C, makes the polymethylacrylic acid of graphene package foam nickel surface
Methyl ester solution curing and drying, being then dipped into temperature is 90 DEG C, and concentration is 12h in the hydrochloric acid solution of 3mol/L, removes it
In nickel foam, finally remove polymethyl methacrylate therein using the hot acetone solution that temperature is 60 DEG C, and spend from
Sub- water cleans up to obtain three-dimensional grapheme repeatedly.Then the three-dimensional grapheme cleaned up is moved into concentrated nitric acid solution and is soaked
Steep 18h, the three-dimensional grapheme being slightly acidified.
46.5 μ L aniline monomers and 28.3mg ammonium persulfate are added separately to the 40mL sulfuric acid solution that concentration is 1mol/L
In, 30min is stirred at room temperature to be made it completely dissolved.Then the three-dimensional grapheme being slightly acidified step 1 obtained is placed on load
On slide, and it is dipped in 3h in above-mentioned aniline solution, completely attaches to aniline monomer and three-dimensional grapheme, then in ice
Ammonium persulfate solution is added in aniline solution under the conditions of bath and is slowly stirred 60s, it is allowed to react under condition of ice bath later
For 24 hours, material is cleaned with deionized water after reaction, and places it in and dries 6h in vacuum oven at 80 DEG C, obtained
To three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor.
Such as Fig. 2, shown in 3, contain the polyaniline array of one layer of vertical-growth, graphene and polyphenyl on three-dimensional grapheme surface
Amine is closely combined together, and forms three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor.
To be saturated Ag/AgCl electrode as reference electrode, platinum filament is to electrode, three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline of above-mentioned drying
Array electrode material for super capacitor is working electrode, carries out electricity to it under conditions of 1mol/L sulfuric acid solution is as electrolyte
Chemical detection.
Curve 1 and curve 2 as shown in Figure 4 are respectively three-dimensional grapheme prepared by embodiment 1 and three-dimensional prepared by embodiment 2
Graphene/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor cyclic voltammetry curve, as can be seen from the figure in same scan rate
Lower three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor can store more charges, show better electricity
Capacitive energy.It in current density is 1~10A/ to three-dimensional grapheme polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor shown in 6 such as Fig. 5
Constant current charge-discharge test is carried out under conditions of g, even if as can be seen from the figure composite material still maintains at higher current densities
Higher specific capacity, it was demonstrated that composite material has good rate capability.Fig. 7 be under the current density of 2A/g to material into
The test of row cyclical stability as can be seen from the figure can reach 80% in the capacity retention rate of the material after 1000 circulations,
Preferable cyclical stability is shown.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor preparation method, it is characterised in that three-dimensional stone
Black alkene/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor preparation method carries out according to the following steps:
One, it prepares three-dimensional grapheme: being put in nickel foam as template in tube furnace, argon gas and hydrogen are as carrier gas, by tubular type
Furnace is heated to 900 ~ 1100 DEG C of 30 ~ 60min of heat preservation from room temperature, and when temperature is 900 ~ 1100 DEG C into furnace with 10 ~ 20sccm
Rate be passed through 5 ~ 10min of methane gas, tube furnace is then cooled to room temperature with the rate of 80 ~ 100 DEG C/min, then will system
The nickel foam of the graphene package obtained is cut into 1 × 1cm of area2Square, and by mass fraction be 4% polymethylacrylic acid
Methyl ester solution by 100 ~ 150 μ L dosage every square centimeter drip to graphene package foam nickel surface, at 200 DEG C keep the temperature 30 ~
60min makes the polymethyl methacrylate solution curing and drying of graphene package foam nickel surface, is then dipped into temperature
It is 60 ~ 90 DEG C, concentration is 3 ~ 12h in the hydrochloric acid solution of 3 ~ 4mol/L, removes nickel foam therein, the removal of reusable heat acetone soln
Polymethyl methacrylate therein, and cleaned up repeatedly with deionized water, three-dimensional grapheme is obtained, then will be cleaned up
Three-dimensional grapheme be moved into concentrated nitric acid solution 12 ~ 18h of immersion, the three-dimensional grapheme being slightly acidified;
Two, in-situ polymerization prepares polyaniline array: aniline monomer and ammonium persulfate are added separately to isometric 1mol/L's
In sulfuric acid solution, 30 ~ 60min is stirred at room temperature and is made it completely dissolved, the three-dimensional stone being slightly acidified for then obtaining step 1
Black alkene is placed on glass slide, and is dipped in 1 ~ 3h in aniline solution, completely attaches to aniline monomer and three-dimensional grapheme,
Finally ammonium persulfate solution is added in aniline solution under condition of ice bath and is slowly stirred 30 ~ 60s, then allows it in ice bath item
It reacts under part for 24 hours, material is cleaned with deionized water after reaction, and place it in vacuum oven 80 ~ 100 DEG C
6 ~ 12h of lower drying obtains three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor.
2. a kind of preparation side of three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that tube furnace is heated to 900 ~ 1100 DEG C from room temperature with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min in step 1, argon gas and
The flow of hydrogen is respectively 500sccm and 200sccm.
3. a kind of preparation side of three-dimensional grapheme/polyaniline array electrode material for super capacitor according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that the molar ratio of weighed aniline monomer and ammonium persulfate is 4:1 in step 2, and ice bath temperature is 0 ~ -5 DEG C.
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