CN106879877B - Feed for improving meat quality of river snails and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Feed for improving meat quality of river snails and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106879877B CN106879877B CN201710047983.8A CN201710047983A CN106879877B CN 106879877 B CN106879877 B CN 106879877B CN 201710047983 A CN201710047983 A CN 201710047983A CN 106879877 B CN106879877 B CN 106879877B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to a feed for improving the meat quality of escargots and a preparation method thereof, wherein the feed is mainly prepared from a bottom material, bait, an additive and a nutritional factor according to the weight ratio of 45-53:13-21:2-6:8-12, wherein the bottom material is prepared from the following components: chinese yam, animal leftovers, rice bran, crab shells and kudzu root powder; the bait is prepared from the following components: burdock stem, banana, cactus extract, wormcast and silkworm excrement; the feed disclosed by the invention is reasonable in formula and fine in processing, contains rich animal and plant proteins and trace elements, can meet the growth requirement of the river snails, and achieves the purposes of improving the meat quality of the river snails and increasing the weight of the river snails.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, and particularly relates to a feed for improving meat quality of river snails and a preparation method thereof.
[ background of the invention ]
The river snail is a large fresh water snail which is produced in China, is a traditional horizontal product in China, has fresh and tender meat, is delicious, has unique flavor, contains rich protein, fat, phosphorus, calcium, iron, vitamins and the like, is a nutritional food which is popular with consumers, and therefore, the demand of the river snail is increased continuously in recent years.
However, in the field snail breeding, due to the difference of water quality, the difference of meat quality is very large, if the feed is not good, the field snail meat quality is not full, the industry is called as thin, the field snail thin not only influences the quality of snail meat, but also causes the yield to be low, the economic benefit of farmers is seriously influenced, in addition, the damage of the ecological environment causes serious water pollution, the plant diseases and insect pests of the field snails are increased, and the field snail meat quality is also a large factor influencing the growth of the field snails.
[ summary of the invention ]
In view of the above, there is a need for a feed for improving the meat quality of escargots and a preparation method thereof, which can achieve the purposes of improving the meat quality of escargots, improving the disease resistance of escargots and increasing the yield of escargots.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a feed for improving meat quality of river snails comprises a backing material, a bait, an additive and a nutritional factor, wherein the weight ratio of the backing material to the bait to the additive to the nutritional factor is 45-53:13-21:2-6: 8-12;
the base material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
15-24 parts of Chinese yam, 30-44 parts of animal leftovers, 10-15 parts of rice bran, 14-18 parts of crab shells and 16-20 parts of kudzu root powder;
the bait is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
17-26 parts of burdock stem, 12-16 parts of banana, 10-16 parts of cactus extract, 30-44 parts of wormcast and 35-48 parts of silkworm excrement;
the additive is prepared from the following components in parts by weight of 0-15 parts:
black grape juice, purslane extract, houttuynia cordata extract, pseudo-ginseng powder and gastrodia elata powder;
the nutritional factors are selected from the following components in parts by weight of 0-20 parts:
spirulina, amino acid, humic acid, astaxanthin and betaine.
Further, the additive comprises at least 4 ingredients; the trophic factor comprises at least 3 components.
Further, the animal leftovers are viscera and rotten meat of animals.
Further, the extraction method of the cactus extract comprises the following steps: removing thorns of fresh radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii, grinding, adding water 1-2 times of the ground substance, heating in 40-45 deg.C water bath for 1-2 hr, heating, filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii extract.
Further, the extraction method of the purslane extract comprises the following steps: mashing fresh purslane, adding ethanol with the same mass as the mashed purslane, soaking for 1-2h, wherein the volume percentage of the ethanol is 70% (v/v) -80% (v/v), filtering after soaking, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/3-1/2 times of the original volume to obtain the purslane extract.
Further, the extraction method of the houttuynia cordata extract comprises the following steps: mashing fresh herba Houttuyniae, adding 75% (v/v) -90% (v/v) ethanol, soaking for 1-2 hr, filtering, concentrating the filtrate to 1/4-1/2 times of original volume to obtain herba Houttuyniae extract.
Further, the rhizoma Gastrodiae of the rhizoma Gastrodiae powder is derived from rhizome of rhizoma Gastrodiae.
Further, the preparation method of the feed for improving the meat quality of the river snails comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the bottom materials: drying the animal leftovers until the water content is 5% -10%, crushing the animal leftovers by a crusher, and screening the crushed animal leftovers by a screen of 30-60 meshes to obtain animal leftovers powder; grinding rhizome of Chinese yam by a tooth type pulping machine with a 30-60 mesh screen, and drying until the water content is 2% -5% to obtain Chinese yam powder; crushing crab shells by a crusher and screening the crab shells by a screen of 30 meshes to 60 meshes to obtain crab shell powder; drying rice bran in the sun until the water content is 2% -5%, crushing by a crusher, and screening by a screen of 30-60 meshes to obtain rice bran powder; drying roots and stems of the kudzu roots until the water content is 2% -4%, smashing the dried roots and stems by a pulverizer, screening the smashed roots and stems by a screen with 30-60 meshes to obtain kudzu root powder, and mixing the animal waste powder, the Chinese yam powder, the crab shell powder, the rice bran powder and the kudzu root powder according to the weight parts to obtain a pretreated bottom material;
(2) pretreatment of bait: pulverizing burdock stems by a pulverizer, uniformly mixing the pulverized burdock stems with the mashed bananas, wormcast and silkworm excrement according to the weight parts, adding the cactus extract, and uniformly mixing to obtain pretreated bait;
(3) processing of feed: and (2) weighing the base material, the bait, the additive and the nutritional factors according to the weight ratio, uniformly mixing the base material pretreated in the step (1), the bait and the additive pretreated in the step (2), drying the mixture until the moisture content is 2-5%, adding the nutritional factors, and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain the feed.
The invention also has an important characteristic that the feed contains rich nutrient components, wherein the content of animal protein reaches 30-40%, the content of plant protein reaches 10-15%, the feed is also rich in vitamins and cellulose, the feed can be rapidly dissolved in water after being added into the water, and the feed accords with the feeding characteristic that the river snail mollusks lick the tongue and teeth, the feed contains 18 kinds of rich amino acids, and the amino acids are respectively: glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, valine, serine, glycine, isoleucine, threonine, proline, histidine, arginine, tyrosine, methionine, cystine, tryptophan; wherein, the content of glutamic acid reaches 145.3mg/g, the content of aspartic acid reaches 87.4mg/g, the content of alanine reaches 53.4mg/g, the amino acid in the feed is the essential amino acid for the growth of the river snail, especially the action of glutamic acid and aspartic acid is strongest, the content of each amino acid component in the feed is as follows:
| name (R) | Content (mg/g) | Name (R) | Content (mg/g) | Name (R) | Content (mg/g) |
| Glutamic acid | 145.3 | Alanine | 53.4 | Aspartic acid | 87.4 |
| Leucine | 34.2 | Lysine | 47.1 | Phenylalanine | 41.3 |
| Valine | 31.2 | Serine | 41.0 | Glycine | 43.1 |
| Isoleucine | 25.1 | Threonine | 31.0 | Proline | 41.3 |
| Histidine | 14.3 | Arginine | 21.3 | Tyrosine | 42.4 |
| Methionine | 16.3 | Cystine | 16.3 | Tryptophan | 18.2 |
In addition, the feed also contains various abundant trace elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, selenium, iron and the like, the metal elements are prosthetic groups forming enzymes in the river snails and are essential trace elements for the growth of the river snails, particularly, the calcium element is an essential element for the development of shells of the river snails, and the contents of all chemical elements of the feed are shown in the following table:
| name (R) | Content (mg/g) | Name (R) | Content (mg/g) | Name (R) | Content (mg/g) |
| Potassium salt | 5.32 | Calcium carbonate | 118.21 | Magnesium alloy | 12.3 |
| Selenium | 0.03 | Iron | 84.3 |
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the feed comprises the basic material, the bait, the additive and the nutritional factors, wherein the basic material is prepared according to the basic nutritional elements for the growth of the escargots, so that the escargots can eat the feed while corresponding nutritional elements are provided, the formula is scientific and reasonable, and the content of calcium element essential for the growth of the escargots is 118.21 through detection; the content of glutamic acid reaches 145.3mg/g, the content of aspartic acid reaches 87.4mg/g, the content of alanine reaches 53.4mg/g, and the indexes are superior to the conventional feed in the market;
(2) the bait and the additive are selected according to the growth preference of the river snails, so that the river snails are induced to eat, and the growth of the river snails is promoted; the bait and the additive contain a lot of vegetable proteins, the vegetable proteins can supplement enough vitamins for the escargots and can improve the immunity of the escargots, and the escargots have resistance in water areas with poor water quality compared with the conventional feed fed; the nutritional factors are prepared according to the growth requirements of the river snails, so that the quality and taste of the meat of the river snails can be ensured;
(3) the processed feed is more convenient to carry, is easy to dissolve in water, is convenient for the escargots to eat, and accords with the eating habits of the escargots.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) is merely an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless explicitly described as such.
Example 1:
1. the main components of the feed of the embodiment are as follows:
(1) the base material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of Chinese yam, 30 parts of animal leftovers, 10 parts of rice bran, 14 parts of crab shells and 16 parts of kudzu root powder;
(2) the bait is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 17 parts of burdock stem, 12 parts of banana, 10 parts of cactus extract, 30 parts of wormcast and 35 parts of silkworm excrement;
the extraction method of the cactus extract in the bait comprises the following steps: removing thorns of fresh radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii, grinding, adding water 1 times of the ground substance, heating in 40 deg.C water bath for 1 hr, heating, filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii extract.
(3) The additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of black grape juice, 13 parts of purslane extract, 14 parts of houttuynia cordata extract and 6 parts of pseudo-ginseng powder;
the extraction method of the purslane extract in the additive comprises the following steps: mashing fresh purslane, adding ethanol with the same mass as the mashed purslane, soaking for 1h, wherein the volume percentage of the ethanol is 70% (v/v), filtering after soaking, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/3 times of the original volume to obtain the purslane extract.
The extraction method of the houttuynia cordata extract in the additive comprises the following steps: mashing fresh herba Houttuyniae, adding 75% (v/v) ethanol, soaking for 1 hr, filtering, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/4 times of original volume to obtain herba Houttuyniae extract.
The rhizoma Gastrodiae of the rhizoma Gastrodiae powder in the additive is obtained from rhizome of rhizoma Gastrodiae.
(4) The nutritional factor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of spirulina, 18 parts of amino acid and 17 parts of humic acid.
Wherein, the animal leftover of the invention is the viscera and the carrion of the animal, comprising: viscera, rotten meat, and discarded leftover meat of chicken, duck, fish, pig, cattle, and sheep.
2. The preparation method of the feed in the embodiment is as follows:
(1) pretreatment of the bottom materials: drying the animal leftovers until the water content is 5%, crushing the animal leftovers by a crusher, and screening the crushed animal leftovers by a 30-mesh screen to obtain animal leftovers powder; grinding rhizome of rhizoma Dioscoreae by a tooth type pulping machine equipped with 30 mesh sieve, and oven drying until water content is 2% to obtain rhizoma Dioscoreae powder; crushing crab shells by a crusher and screening the crab shells by a 30-mesh screen to obtain crab shell powder; drying rice bran in the sun until the water content is 2%, crushing the rice bran by a crusher, and screening the crushed rice bran by a 30-mesh screen to obtain rice bran powder; drying roots and stems of the kudzu roots until the water content is 2%, smashing the dried roots and stems by a grinder, screening the smashed roots and stems by a 30-mesh screen to obtain kudzu root powder, and then mixing the animal leftover powder and the Chinese yam powder with the Chinese yam, the crab shell powder, the rice bran powder and the kudzu root powder according to the weight parts to obtain a pretreated bottom material;
(2) pretreatment of bait: pulverizing burdock stems by a pulverizer, uniformly mixing the pulverized burdock stems with the mashed bananas, wormcast and silkworm excrement in parts by weight, adding the cactus extract, and uniformly mixing to obtain pretreated bait;
(3) processing of feed: and (2) weighing the base material, the bait, the additive and the nutritional factors according to the weight ratio of 45:13:2:8, uniformly mixing the base material pretreated in the step (1) and the bait and the additive pretreated in the step (2), drying the mixture, adding the nutritional factors into the mixture until the moisture content is 2-5%, and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain the feed.
Example 2:
1. the main components of the feed of the embodiment are as follows:
(1) the base material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 24 parts of Chinese yam, 44 parts of animal leftovers, 15 parts of rice bran, 18 parts of crab shells and 20 parts of kudzu root powder;
(2) the bait is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 26 parts of burdock stems, 16 parts of bananas, 16 parts of cactus extracts, 44 parts of wormcast and 48 parts of silkworm excrement;
the extraction method of the cactus extract in the bait comprises the following steps: removing thorns of fresh radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii, grinding, adding water 1 times of the ground substance, heating in 40 deg.C water bath for 1 hr, heating, filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii extract.
(3) The additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 14 parts of black grape juice, 15 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 15 parts of pseudo-ginseng powder and 15 parts of gastrodia elata powder;
the extraction method of the houttuynia cordata extract in the additive comprises the following steps: mashing fresh herba Houttuyniae, adding 90% (v/v) ethanol, soaking for 2 hr, filtering, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/4-1/2 times the original volume to obtain herba Houttuyniae extract.
The rhizoma Gastrodiae of the rhizoma Gastrodiae powder in the additive is obtained from rhizome of rhizoma Gastrodiae.
(4) The nutritional factor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 17 parts of spirulina, 20 parts of amino acid and 20 parts of astaxanthin.
Wherein, the animal leftover of the invention is the viscera and the carrion of the animal, comprising: viscera, rotten meat, and discarded leftover meat of chicken, duck, fish, pig, cattle, and sheep.
2. The preparation of the feed in this example was carried out according to the preparation of example 1.
Example 3:
1. the main components of the feed of the embodiment are as follows:
(1) the base material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of Chinese yam, 34 parts of animal leftovers, 12 parts of rice bran, 15 parts of crab shells and 17 parts of kudzu root powder;
(2) the bait is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of burdock stems, 13 parts of bananas, 12 parts of cactus extracts, 35 parts of wormcast and 37 parts of silkworm excrement;
the extraction method of the cactus extract in the bait comprises the following steps: removing thorns of fresh radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii, grinding, adding water 1.5 times of the ground substance, heating in 42 deg.C water bath for 1.5 hr, heating, filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii extract.
(3) The additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of black grape juice, 14 parts of purslane extract, 13 parts of houttuynia cordata extract and 12 parts of gastrodia elata powder;
the extraction method of the purslane extract in the additive comprises the following steps: mashing fresh purslane, adding 75% (v/v) of ethanol with the same mass as the mashed product, soaking for 1.5h, filtering after soaking, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/3 times of the original volume to obtain the purslane extract.
The extraction method of the houttuynia cordata extract in the additive comprises the following steps: mashing fresh herba Houttuyniae, adding 85% (v/v) ethanol, soaking for 1.5 hr, filtering, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/3 times of original volume to obtain herba Houttuyniae extract.
The rhizoma Gastrodiae of the rhizoma Gastrodiae powder in the additive is obtained from rhizome of rhizoma Gastrodiae.
(4) The nutritional factor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 17 parts of spirulina, 20 parts of amino acid and 20 parts of astaxanthin.
Wherein, the animal leftover of the invention is the viscera and the carrion of the animal, comprising: viscera, rotten meat, and discarded leftover meat of chicken, duck, fish, pig, cattle, and sheep.
2. The preparation of the feed in this example was carried out according to the preparation of example 1.
Example 4:
1. the main components of the feed of the embodiment are as follows:
(1) the base material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of Chinese yam, 35 parts of animal leftovers, 12 parts of rice bran, 15 parts of crab shells and 17 parts of kudzu root powder;
(2) the bait is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of burdock stems, 14 parts of bananas, 12 parts of cactus extracts, 35 parts of wormcast and 40 parts of silkworm excrement;
the extraction method of the cactus extract in the bait comprises the following steps: removing thorns of fresh radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii, grinding, adding water 1.5 times of the ground substance, heating in 43 deg.C water bath for 1.5 hr, heating, filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii extract.
(3) The additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of black grape juice, 13 parts of purslane extract, 14 parts of pseudo-ginseng powder and 15 parts of gastrodia elata powder;
the extraction method of the purslane extract in the additive comprises the following steps: mashing fresh purslane, adding ethanol with the same mass as the mashed material, soaking for 1.5h, wherein the volume percentage of the ethanol is 76% (v/v), filtering after soaking, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/3-1/2 times of the original volume to obtain the purslane extract.
The rhizoma Gastrodiae of the rhizoma Gastrodiae powder in the additive is obtained from rhizome of rhizoma Gastrodiae.
(4) The nutritional factor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of spirulina, 18 parts of amino acid and 17 parts of betaine.
Wherein, the animal leftover of the invention is the viscera and the carrion of the animal, comprising: viscera, rotten meat, and discarded leftover meat of chicken, duck, fish, pig, cattle, and sheep.
2. The preparation method of the feed in the embodiment is as follows:
(1) pretreatment of the bottom materials: drying the animal leftovers until the water content is 6%, crushing the animal leftovers by a crusher, and screening the crushed animal leftovers by a screen of 40 meshes to obtain animal leftovers powder; grinding rhizome of rhizoma Dioscoreae by a tooth type pulping machine equipped with 40 mesh sieve, and oven drying until water content is 3% to obtain rhizoma Dioscoreae powder; crushing crab shells by a crusher and screening the crab shells by a 50-mesh screen to obtain crab shell powder; drying rice bran in the sun until the water content is 3%, crushing by a crusher, and screening by a 50-mesh screen to obtain rice bran powder; drying roots and stems of the kudzu roots until the water content is 3%, smashing the dried roots and stems by a grinder, screening the smashed roots and stems by a 50-mesh screen to obtain kudzu root powder, and then mixing the animal leftover powder, the Chinese yam powder, the crab shell powder, the rice bran powder and the kudzu root powder according to the weight parts to obtain a pretreated bottom material;
(2) pretreatment of bait: pulverizing burdock stems by a pulverizer, uniformly mixing the pulverized burdock stems with the mashed bananas, wormcast and silkworm excrement in parts by weight, adding the cactus extract, and uniformly mixing to obtain pretreated bait;
(3) processing of feed: and (2) weighing the base material, the bait, the additive and the nutritional factors according to the weight ratio of 53:21:6:12, uniformly mixing the base material pretreated in the step (1) and the bait and the additive pretreated in the step (2), drying until the moisture content is 3%, adding the nutritional factors, and uniformly stirring to obtain the feed.
Example 5:
1. the main components of the feed of the embodiment are as follows:
(1) the base material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 22 parts of Chinese yam, 37 parts of animal leftovers, 14 parts of rice bran, 17 parts of crab shells and 18 parts of kudzu root powder;
(2) the bait is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 24 parts of burdock stem, 15 parts of banana, 13 parts of cactus extract, 37 parts of wormcast and 43 parts of silkworm excrement;
the extraction method of the cactus extract in the bait comprises the following steps: removing thorns of fresh radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii, grinding, adding water 2 times of the ground substance, heating in 43 deg.C water bath for 2 hr, heating, filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii extract.
(3) The additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of purslane extract, 13 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 14 parts of pseudo-ginseng powder and 12 parts of gastrodia elata powder;
the extraction method of the purslane extract in the additive comprises the following steps: mashing fresh purslane, adding ethanol with the same mass as the mashed purslane, soaking for 2h, wherein the volume percentage of the ethanol is 76% (v/v), filtering after soaking, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/3 times of the original volume to obtain the purslane extract.
The extraction method of the houttuynia cordata extract in the additive comprises the following steps: mashing fresh herba Houttuyniae, adding 85% (v/v) ethanol, soaking for 1.5 hr, filtering, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/4-1/2 times the original volume to obtain herba Houttuyniae extract.
The rhizoma Gastrodiae of the rhizoma Gastrodiae powder in the additive is obtained from rhizome of rhizoma Gastrodiae.
(4) The nutritional factor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 17 parts of amino acid, 17 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of astaxanthin and 20 parts of betaine.
Wherein, the animal leftover of the invention is the viscera and the carrion of the animal, comprising: viscera, rotten meat, and discarded leftover meat of chicken, duck, fish, pig, cattle, and sheep.
2. The preparation of the feed in this example was carried out according to the preparation of example 4.
Example 6:
1. the main components of the feed of the embodiment are as follows:
(1) the base material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 16 parts of Chinese yam, 35 parts of animal leftovers, 13 parts of rice bran, 15 parts of crab shells and 17 parts of kudzu root powder;
(2) the bait is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 22 parts of burdock stem, 15 parts of banana, 12 parts of cactus extract, 35 parts of wormcast and 40 parts of silkworm excrement;
the extraction method of the cactus extract in the bait comprises the following steps: removing thorns of fresh radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii, grinding, adding water 2 times of the ground substance, heating in 43 deg.C water bath for 2 hr, heating, filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii extract.
(3) The additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 13 parts of black grape juice, 12 parts of purslane extract, 12 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 14 parts of pseudo-ginseng powder and 14 parts of gastrodia elata powder;
the extraction method of the purslane extract in the additive comprises the following steps: mashing fresh purslane, adding ethanol with the same mass as the mashed purslane, soaking for 2h, wherein the volume percentage of the ethanol is 76% (v/v), filtering after soaking, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/3 times of the original volume to obtain the purslane extract.
The extraction method of the houttuynia cordata extract in the additive comprises the following steps: mashing fresh herba Houttuyniae, adding 80% (v/v) ethanol, soaking for 2 hr, filtering, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/4 times of original volume to obtain herba Houttuyniae extract.
The rhizoma Gastrodiae of the rhizoma Gastrodiae powder in the additive is obtained from rhizome of rhizoma Gastrodiae.
(4) The nutritional factor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 17 parts of spirulina, 17 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of astaxanthin and 20 parts of betaine.
Wherein, the animal leftover of the invention is the viscera and the carrion of the animal, comprising: viscera, rotten meat, and discarded leftover meat of chicken, duck, fish, pig, cattle, and sheep.
2. The preparation of the feed in this example was carried out according to the preparation of example 4.
Example 7:
1. the main components of the feed of the embodiment are as follows:
(1) the base material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 19 parts of Chinese yam, 41 parts of animal leftovers, 14 parts of rice bran, 17 parts of crab shells and 18 parts of kudzu root powder;
(2) the bait is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 24 parts of burdock stems, 14 parts of bananas, 15 parts of cactus extracts, 41 parts of wormcast and 43 parts of silkworm excrement;
the extraction method of the cactus extract in the bait comprises the following steps: removing thorns of fresh radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii, grinding, adding water 2 times of the ground substance, heating in 44 deg.C water bath for 2 hr, heating, filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii extract.
(3) The additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 14 parts of black grape juice, 12 parts of purslane extract, 15 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 15 parts of pseudo-ginseng powder and 15 parts of gastrodia elata powder;
the extraction method of the purslane extract in the additive comprises the following steps: mashing fresh purslane, adding ethanol with the same mass as the mashed purslane, soaking for 2h, wherein the volume percentage of the ethanol is 77% (v/v), filtering after soaking, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/2 times of the original volume to obtain the purslane extract.
The extraction method of the houttuynia cordata extract in the additive comprises the following steps: mashing fresh herba Houttuyniae, adding ethanol with the same mass as the mashed material, soaking for 2h, wherein the volume percentage of ethanol is 85% (v/v), filtering, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/2 times of the original volume to obtain herba Houttuyniae extract.
The rhizoma Gastrodiae of the rhizoma Gastrodiae powder in the additive is obtained from rhizome of rhizoma Gastrodiae.
(4) The nutritional factor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of spirulina, 14 parts of amino acid, 20 parts of humic acid and 20 parts of astaxanthin.
Wherein, the animal leftover of the invention is the viscera and the carrion of the animal, comprising: viscera, rotten meat, and discarded leftover meat of chicken, duck, fish, pig, cattle, and sheep.
2. The preparation method of the feed in the embodiment is as follows:
(1) pretreatment of the bottom materials: drying the animal leftovers until the water content is 10%, crushing the animal leftovers by a crusher, and screening the crushed animal leftovers by a 60-mesh screen to obtain animal leftovers powder; grinding rhizome of rhizoma Dioscoreae by a tooth type pulping machine equipped with 60 mesh sieve, and oven drying until water content is 5% to obtain rhizoma Dioscoreae powder; crushing crab shells by a crusher and screening the crab shells by a 60-mesh screen to obtain crab shell powder; drying rice bran in the sun until the water content is 5%, crushing by a crusher, and screening by a 60-mesh screen to obtain rice bran powder; drying roots and stems of the kudzu roots until the water content is 4%, smashing the dried roots and stems by a grinder, screening the smashed roots and stems by a 60-mesh screen to obtain kudzu root powder, and then mixing the animal leftover powder and the Chinese yam powder with the Chinese yam, the crab shell powder, the rice bran powder and the kudzu root powder according to the weight parts to obtain a pretreated bottom material;
(2) pretreatment of bait: pulverizing burdock stems by a pulverizer, uniformly mixing the pulverized burdock stems with the mashed bananas, wormcast and silkworm excrement in parts by weight, adding the cactus extract, and uniformly mixing to obtain pretreated bait;
(3) processing of feed: and (2) weighing the base material, the bait, the additive and the nutritional factor according to the weight ratio of 50:17:4:9, uniformly mixing the base material pretreated in the step (1) and the bait and the additive pretreated in the step (2), drying the mixture, adding the nutritional factor into the mixture until the moisture content is 2-5%, and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain the feed.
Example 8:
1. the main components of the feed of the embodiment are as follows:
(1) the base material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 22 parts of Chinese yam, 34 parts of animal leftovers, 13 parts of rice bran, 16 parts of crab shells and 18 parts of kudzu root powder;
(2) the bait is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 21 parts of burdock stems, 14 parts of bananas, 13 parts of cactus extracts, 40 parts of wormcast and 43 parts of silkworm excrement;
the extraction method of the cactus extract in the bait comprises the following steps: removing thorns of fresh radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii, grinding, adding water 1.5 times of the ground substance, heating in 42 deg.C water bath for 1.5 hr, heating, filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii extract.
(3) The additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of black grape juice, 11 parts of purslane extract, 3 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 4 parts of pseudo-ginseng powder and 1 part of gastrodia elata powder;
the extraction method of the purslane extract in the additive comprises the following steps: mashing fresh purslane, adding 75% (v/v) of ethanol with the same mass as the mashed purslane, soaking for 1h, filtering after soaking, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/3 times of the original volume to obtain the purslane extract.
The extraction method of the houttuynia cordata extract in the additive comprises the following steps: mashing fresh herba Houttuyniae, adding 75% (v/v) ethanol, soaking for 1 hr, filtering, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/4 times of original volume to obtain herba Houttuyniae extract.
The rhizoma Gastrodiae of the rhizoma Gastrodiae powder in the additive is obtained from rhizome of rhizoma Gastrodiae.
(4) The nutritional factor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 14 parts of spirulina, 2 parts of amino acid, 11 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of astaxanthin and 1 part of betaine.
Wherein, the animal leftover of the invention is the viscera and the carrion of the animal, comprising: viscera, rotten meat, and discarded leftover meat of chicken, duck, fish, pig, cattle, and sheep.
2. The preparation of the feed in this example was carried out according to the preparation of example 7.
Example 9:
1. the main components of the feed of the embodiment are as follows:
(1) the base material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of Chinese yam, 40 parts of animal leftovers, 13 parts of rice bran, 16 parts of crab shells and 18 parts of kudzu root powder;
(2) the bait is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 24 parts of burdock stems, 15 parts of bananas, 14 parts of cactus extracts, 41 parts of wormcast and 43 parts of silkworm excrement;
the extraction method of the cactus extract in the bait comprises the following steps: removing thorns of fresh radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii, grinding, adding water 1 times of the ground substance, heating in 43 deg.C water bath for 1 hr, heating, filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii extract.
(3) The additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of black grape juice, 10 parts of purslane extract, 1 part of houttuynia cordata extract, 7 parts of pseudo-ginseng powder and 3 parts of gastrodia elata powder;
the extraction method of the purslane extract in the additive comprises the following steps: mashing fresh purslane, adding ethanol with the same mass as the mashed purslane, soaking for 1h, wherein the volume percentage of the ethanol is 72% (v/v), filtering after soaking, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/3 times of the original volume to obtain the purslane extract.
The extraction method of the houttuynia cordata extract in the additive comprises the following steps: mashing fresh herba Houttuyniae, adding ethanol with the same mass as the mashed material, soaking for 1h, wherein the volume percentage of ethanol is 81% (v/v), filtering, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/3 times of the original volume to obtain herba Houttuyniae extract.
The rhizoma Gastrodiae of the rhizoma Gastrodiae powder in the additive is obtained from rhizome of rhizoma Gastrodiae.
(4) The nutritional factor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 14 parts of spirulina, 17 parts of amino acid, 16 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of astaxanthin and 16 parts of betaine.
Wherein, the animal leftover of the invention is the viscera and the carrion of the animal, comprising: viscera, rotten meat, and discarded leftover meat of chicken, duck, fish, pig, cattle, and sheep.
2. The preparation of the feed in this example was carried out according to the preparation of example 9.
Control group 1:
the formulation of this control group was formulated according to the formulation of example 1, but no bait was added, i.e. the main ingredients of the feed were:
(1) the base material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of Chinese yam, 30 parts of animal leftovers, 10 parts of rice bran, 14 parts of crab shells and 16 parts of kudzu root powder;
(2) the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of black grape juice, 13 parts of purslane extract, 14 parts of houttuynia cordata extract and 6 parts of pseudo-ginseng powder;
the extraction method of the purslane extract in the additive comprises the following steps: mashing fresh purslane, adding ethanol with the same mass as the mashed purslane, soaking for 1h, wherein the volume percentage of the ethanol is 70% (v/v), filtering after soaking, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/3 times of the original volume to obtain the purslane extract.
The extraction method of the houttuynia cordata extract in the additive comprises the following steps: mashing fresh herba Houttuyniae, adding 75% (v/v) ethanol, soaking for 1 hr, filtering, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/4 times of original volume to obtain herba Houttuyniae extract.
The rhizoma Gastrodiae of the rhizoma Gastrodiae powder in the additive is obtained from rhizome of rhizoma Gastrodiae.
(3) The nutritional factor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of spirulina, 18 parts of amino acid and 17 parts of humic acid.
2. The preparation method of the feed in the control group comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the bottom materials: drying the animal leftovers until the water content is 5%, crushing the animal leftovers by a crusher, and screening the crushed animal leftovers by a 30-mesh screen to obtain animal leftovers powder; grinding rhizome of rhizoma Dioscoreae by a tooth type pulping machine equipped with 30 mesh sieve, and oven drying until water content is 2% to obtain rhizoma Dioscoreae powder; crushing crab shells by a crusher and screening the crab shells by a 30-mesh screen to obtain crab shell powder; drying rice bran in the sun until the water content is 2%, crushing the rice bran by a crusher, and screening the crushed rice bran by a 30-mesh screen to obtain rice bran powder; drying roots and stems of the kudzu roots until the water content is 2%, smashing the dried roots and stems by a grinder, screening the smashed roots and stems by a 30-mesh screen to obtain kudzu root powder, and then mixing the animal leftover powder and the Chinese yam powder with the Chinese yam, the crab shell powder, the rice bran powder and the kudzu root powder according to the weight parts to obtain a pretreated bottom material;
(2) processing of feed: and (2) weighing the bottom materials, the additives and the nutritional factors according to the weight ratio of 45:2:8, uniformly mixing the bottom materials and the additives pretreated in the step (1), drying the mixture until the water content is 2-5%, adding the nutritional factors, and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain the feed.
Control group 2:
the formulation of this control was prepared according to the formulation of example 1, but without the addition of additives, i.e. the main ingredients of the feed were:
1. the main components of the feed of the embodiment are as follows:
(1) the base material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of Chinese yam, 30 parts of animal leftovers, 10 parts of rice bran, 14 parts of crab shells and 16 parts of kudzu root powder;
(2) the bait is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 17 parts of burdock stem, 12 parts of banana, 10 parts of cactus extract, 30 parts of wormcast and 35 parts of silkworm excrement;
the extraction method of the cactus extract in the bait comprises the following steps: removing thorns of fresh radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii, grinding, adding water 1 times of the ground substance, heating in 40 deg.C water bath for 1 hr, heating, filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii extract.
(3) The nutritional factor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of spirulina, 18 parts of amino acid and 17 parts of humic acid.
Wherein, the animal leftover of the invention is the viscera and the carrion of the animal, comprising: viscera, rotten meat, and discarded leftover meat of chicken, duck, fish, pig, cattle, and sheep.
2. The preparation method of the feed in the embodiment is as follows:
(1) pretreatment of the bottom materials: drying the animal leftovers until the water content is 5%, crushing the animal leftovers by a crusher, and screening the crushed animal leftovers by a 30-mesh screen to obtain animal leftovers powder; grinding rhizome of rhizoma Dioscoreae by a tooth type pulping machine equipped with 30 mesh sieve, and oven drying until water content is 2% to obtain rhizoma Dioscoreae powder; crushing crab shells by a crusher and screening the crab shells by a 30-mesh screen to obtain crab shell powder; drying rice bran in the sun until the water content is 2%, crushing the rice bran by a crusher, and screening the crushed rice bran by a 30-mesh screen to obtain rice bran powder; drying roots and stems of the kudzu roots until the water content is 2%, smashing the dried roots and stems by a grinder, screening the smashed roots and stems by a 30-mesh screen to obtain kudzu root powder, and then mixing the animal leftover powder and the Chinese yam powder with the Chinese yam, the crab shell powder, the rice bran powder and the kudzu root powder according to the weight parts to obtain a pretreated bottom material;
(2) pretreatment of bait: pulverizing burdock stems by a pulverizer, uniformly mixing the pulverized burdock stems with the mashed bananas, wormcast and silkworm excrement in parts by weight, adding the cactus extract, and uniformly mixing to obtain pretreated bait;
(3) processing of feed: and (3) weighing the base material, the bait and the nutritional factor according to the weight ratio of 45:13:8, uniformly mixing the base material pretreated in the step (1) and the bait pretreated in the step (2), drying the mixture until the water content is 2-5%, adding the nutritional factor, and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain the feed.
Control group 3:
only the base material of example 1 was used as feed, and the preparation method was: pretreating the basic material, mixing and drying.
Control group 4:
the feed purchased from the market is used as the feed.
And (3) comparison test:
the method is carried out in an experimental field of the cooperative, the experimental field is divided into equal-height feeding experimental fields with the length and the width of 3m according to the rules of viviparidae cultivation, 13 experimental fields are fed, breeding snails with the same quality are added, then the feed of examples 1-9 and the feed of control groups 1-4 are respectively added into the feeding experimental fields, the weight of single snails and the weight of meat of viviparidae are respectively tested for 2 months, 3 months and 4 months, the weight of single snails and the weight of meat are recorded, and the meat-shell ratio is calculated, and the concrete conditions are shown in a table 1: at 3 months of escargots, the escargots were randomly sampled and assayed for crude protein according to GB/T6432-:
the calculation formula of the meat-shell ratio is as follows:
TABLE 1 quality of river snail
As can be seen from the above table, the weight, meat weight and meat-shell ratio of the single snails in examples 1-9 are obviously superior to those of the control groups 1-4, and it is proved that the quality of the snails can be effectively improved, the meat weight of the snails can be improved and the meat quality can be fuller by feeding the snails with the feed of the invention
Table 2: river snail meat quality measuring meter
As can be seen from the table, the crude protein, crude fat, water content and amino acid of the meat of the river snails in the examples 1 to 9 are higher than those of the control group 1 to 4, and the fact that the meat quality of the river snails can be obviously improved by using the river snail feed disclosed by the invention is proved, so that the nutrition of the river snails is richer.
In conclusion, the feed provided by the invention can be used for feeding the escargots to achieve the purposes of ensuring that the quality of the escargots is full and the quality and nutrition of the escargots are richer.
The above examples are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A feed for improving the meat quality of river snails comprises a backing material, a bait, an additive and a nutritional factor, and is characterized in that the weight ratio of the backing material to the bait to the additive to the nutritional factor is 45-53:13-21:2-6: 8-12;
the base material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
15-24 parts of Chinese yam, 30-44 parts of animal leftovers, 10-15 parts of rice bran, 14-18 parts of crab shells and 16-20 parts of kudzu root powder;
the bait is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
17-26 parts of burdock stem, 12-16 parts of banana, 10-16 parts of cactus extract, 30-44 parts of wormcast and 35-48 parts of silkworm excrement;
the additive is prepared from the following components in parts by weight of 0-15 parts:
black grape juice, purslane extract, houttuynia cordata extract, pseudo-ginseng powder and gastrodia elata powder;
the nutritional factors are selected from the following components in parts by weight of 0-20 parts:
spirulina, amino acid, humic acid, astaxanthin and betaine;
the additive comprises at least 4 ingredients; the trophic factor comprises at least 3 components.
2. The feed for improving meat quality of river snails according to claim 1, wherein said animal offal is animal offal and meat rot.
3. The feed for improving meat quality of escargots according to claim 1, wherein the cactus extract is extracted by a method comprising the following steps: removing thorns of fresh radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii, grinding, adding water 1-2 times of the ground substance, heating in 40-45 deg.C water bath for 1-2 hr, heating, filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii extract.
4. The feed for improving meat quality of escargots according to claim 1, wherein the purslane extract is extracted by a method comprising the following steps: mashing fresh purslane, adding ethanol with the same mass as the mashed purslane, soaking for 1-2h, wherein the volume percentage of the ethanol is 70% (v/v) -80% (v/v), filtering after soaking, concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating to 1/3-1/2 times of the original volume to obtain the purslane extract.
5. The feed for improving meat quality of escargots according to claim 1, wherein the houttuynia cordata extract is extracted by a method comprising the following steps: mashing fresh herba Houttuyniae, adding 75% (v/v) -90% (v/v) ethanol, soaking for 1-2 hr, filtering, concentrating the filtrate to 1/4-1/2 times of original volume to obtain herba Houttuyniae extract.
6. The feed for improving meat quality of escargots according to claim 1, wherein the gastrodia elata of the gastrodia elata powder is obtained from rhizomes of gastrodia elata.
7. The method for preparing a feed for improving meat quality of river snails according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the bottom materials: drying the animal leftovers until the water content is 5% -10%, crushing the animal leftovers by a crusher, and screening the crushed animal leftovers by a screen of 30-60 meshes to obtain animal leftovers powder; grinding rhizome of Chinese yam by a tooth type pulping machine with a 30-60 mesh screen, and drying until the water content is 2% -5% to obtain Chinese yam powder; crushing crab shells by a crusher and screening the crab shells by a screen of 30 meshes to 60 meshes to obtain crab shell powder; drying rice bran in the sun until the water content is 2% -5%, crushing by a crusher, and screening by a screen of 30-60 meshes to obtain rice bran powder; drying roots and stems of kudzu roots until the water content is 2% -4%, crushing the roots and stems by a crusher, screening the crushed roots and stems by a screen with 30-60 meshes to obtain kudzu root powder, and mixing the animal waste powder, the Chinese yam powder, the crab shell powder, the rice bran powder and the kudzu root powder according to the weight parts to obtain a pretreated bottom material;
(2) pretreatment of bait: pulverizing burdock stems by a pulverizer, uniformly mixing the pulverized burdock stems with the mashed bananas, wormcast and silkworm excrement according to the weight parts, adding the cactus extract, and uniformly mixing to obtain pretreated bait;
(3) processing of feed: and (2) weighing the base material, the bait, the additive and the nutritional factors according to the weight ratio, uniformly mixing the base material pretreated in the step (1), the bait and the additive pretreated in the step (2), drying the mixture until the moisture content is 2-5%, adding the nutritional factors, and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain the feed.
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| CN103815204A (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2014-05-28 | 陈永林 | Fodder used for cultivating escargots and preparation method of fodder |
| CN104920816A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-09-23 | 时敏 | Zinc-rich feed for river snails |
| CN105495036A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-04-20 | 杨成胜 | Chinese herbal medicine additive of feed for Viviparidae |
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| CN103202398A (en) * | 2013-03-17 | 2013-07-17 | 杨成胜 | Winkle feed and preparation method |
| CN103815204A (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2014-05-28 | 陈永林 | Fodder used for cultivating escargots and preparation method of fodder |
| CN104920816A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-09-23 | 时敏 | Zinc-rich feed for river snails |
| CN105495036A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-04-20 | 杨成胜 | Chinese herbal medicine additive of feed for Viviparidae |
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