Battery equalization system
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a battery equalization system.
Background
Along with the economic development in China, the prior art has the defects that the use quantity of batteries is increased, the voltage unbalance of each battery in a battery pack can cause overdischarge or overcharge during series charge and discharge, and the battery is damaged or catches fire.
The voltage of the single battery is usually very low, and a serial connection mode is needed to meet the use requirement of a large-scale project, but due to the chemical characteristics of the batteries, different internal resistances appear in each battery during production, in the serial connection charging and discharging process, the inconsistent internal resistances can cause a slight difference in current consumption of each battery, the voltage balance is consistent during the original production, and the voltages of the batteries of the serial connection battery pack appear different after the charging and discharging are repeated. Therefore, the battery equalization system needs to control the voltage difference of each voltage within a certain range, increase the usable capacity and prolong the service life of the battery.
Most equalization systems are currently classified into consumption-mode equalization and non-consumption-mode equalization. The consumption mode is to connect the battery to be balanced in parallel with a resistor to consume the capacity and reduce the voltage. However, this method has low equalization efficiency and reduces the capacity of the original battery pack. The non-consumption mode is balanced, and a voltage converter is generally needed, when the controller detects that the voltage of a certain monomer is higher, the energy of the monomer with higher voltage is fed back to the monomer with higher voltage through the converter, and the energy is reused in the balancing process, so that the balance of the voltage and the energy is achieved.
In addition, the traditional non-consumption mode is balanced, through the transfer of battery voltage, the voltage converter is used, the loss is also caused in the conversion process, and the use capacity is reduced after a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a battery equalization system, which solves the problems existing in the existing battery equalization technology and provides a non-energy-consumption low-loss battery equalization system. The battery equalization system effectively solves the problem of energy loss in the equalization process of the consumption mode equalization. The method effectively solves the loss caused by the efficiency problem of the energy converter in the equalization process of non-loss mode equalization.
The invention also provides an equalization method of the battery equalization system, which is safe, reliable and low in loss.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the battery equalization system comprises a battery pack formed by connecting n single batteries in series, n double-channel relays, n single-channel relays, a controller, an auxiliary battery and a battery state monitoring unit, wherein n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; two adjacent single batteries are electrically connected with a single-channel relay, and one end of the battery pack is electrically connected with the single-channel relay; the battery state detection unit is respectively and electrically connected with each single battery, and is used for measuring the voltage of the single battery in real time and sending voltage data to the controller; the positive end and the negative end of each battery are respectively connected with one end of two channels of a two-channel relay correspondingly, the channel connected with the positive electrode of the battery is a first channel, the channel connected with the negative electrode of the battery is a second channel, the other pin of the first channel of each two-channel relay is connected with each other, and the other pin of the second channel of each two-channel relay is connected with each other; the controller is electrically connected with each two-channel relay, each single-channel relay, the battery state monitoring unit and the auxiliary battery respectively, and is used for receiving the voltage data sent by the battery state monitoring unit, analyzing and controlling the single-channel relay and the two-channel relay to be turned off or on, and the auxiliary battery is electrically connected with the battery state monitoring unit.
Further, a single channel relay is electrically connected to the near positive end of the battery.
Further, a single channel relay is electrically connected to the near negative end of the battery.
Further, the single-channel relay connected between the adjacent two unit cells is located between the two pins of the two-channel relay connected between the adjacent two unit cells.
Further, the controller is electrically connected with the user power system.
Further, two ends of the battery pack are used for being connected with a user electricity utilization system or a battery charging system.
An equalization method of a battery equalization system includes the steps of: the controller receives the battery voltage data sent by the battery state detection unit, calculates whether the difference value between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage accords with the equalization condition or not through calculation, if so, the controller turns off all the single-channel relays through signals, records serial numbers of the batteries with the highest voltage and the lowest voltage, turns on the double-channel relay connected with the single batteries with the highest voltage and the lowest voltage through control signals, and in the equalization process, the controller judges whether equalization is finished or not through calculation by reading the battery voltage data sent by the battery state detection unit, and if not, the controller controls the double-channel relay to turn off and the single-channel relay to turn on.
Preferably, the controller reads the voltage data of each battery sent by the battery state detection unit, numbers each battery, ranks the voltages of all the single batteries through a rapid ranking method, obtains the highest ranked voltage value and the lowest ranked voltage value, calculates the voltage difference between the highest voltage and the lowest ranked voltage, when the voltage difference reaches a set threshold, obtains the number of the battery corresponding to the highest voltage and the number of the battery corresponding to the lowest voltage, connects the positive electrode of the battery corresponding to the highest voltage and the positive electrode of the battery corresponding to the lowest voltage together through gating, connects the negative electrode of the battery corresponding to the highest voltage and the negative electrode of the battery corresponding to the lowest voltage together, and realizes that the battery corresponding to the lowest voltage charges.
An equalization method of a battery equalization system includes the steps of: the controller determines whether the user power system is powered off or not by acquiring a power-off signal of the user power system, and turns off all the single-channel relays through IO signals when the battery energy is not needed temporarily; the controller acquires battery voltage data through the battery state detection unit, opens the two-channel relay connected with the positive and negative ends of the single battery with the highest voltage in the battery pack, and opens the two-channel relay connected with the positive and negative ends of the single battery with the lowest voltage in the battery pack through IO signals, so that energy transfer from the single battery with the highest voltage to the single battery with the lowest voltage is realized.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the controller of the battery equalization system reads the shutdown signal of the user system, when the controller reads that the user system is shut down, the controller reads the voltage data sent by the battery state detection unit, analyzes the voltage data, when the difference value between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage of the battery meets the equalization requirement, the controller controls all the single-channel relays to be in a disconnection state, short circuit of the battery during equalization test is prevented, then the controller controls the double-channel relays connected with the battery with the highest voltage and the battery with the lowest voltage, the positive electrode and the positive electrode of the battery with the highest voltage and the battery with the lowest voltage are connected together, the negative electrode and the negative electrode are also connected together to form a loop, and the battery with high voltage transfers energy to the battery with low voltage.
In the energy transfer process, the controller calculates whether the battery voltage in balance is balanced or not in real time by reading the voltage data sent by the battery state detection unit in real time, and if the battery voltage in balance is balanced, a single-channel relay is opened.
After the user turns off the power system, the auxiliary battery is started to supply power to the controller and the battery state detection unit, so that the controller and the battery state detection unit can still work normally during the period that the single-channel relay is disconnected.
The battery balancing system has no other loss except the contact resistance of the relay and the resistance of the lead in the balancing process. The energy conversion efficiency is further improved, so that the method is suitable for application occasions of high-energy serial battery pack equalization.
The battery equalization system of the invention is equivalent to the direct parallel connection of two batteries in the equalization process. There is no loss other than the loss of the wire and relay contact resistance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the construction of an embodiment of a battery equalization system according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of an equalizing method of the battery equalizing system shown in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the battery equalization system comprises a battery pack formed by connecting n single batteries in series, n double-channel relays, n single-channel relays, a controller, an auxiliary battery and a battery state monitoring unit, wherein n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; two adjacent single batteries are electrically connected with a single-channel relay, and one end of the battery pack is electrically connected with the single-channel relay; the battery state detection unit is respectively and electrically connected with each single battery, and is used for measuring the voltage of the single battery in real time and sending voltage data to the controller; the positive end and the negative end of each battery are respectively connected with one end of two channels of a two-channel relay correspondingly, the channel connected with the positive electrode of the battery is a first channel, the channel connected with the negative electrode of the battery is a second channel, the other pin of the first channel of each two-channel relay is connected with each other, and the other pin of the second channel of each two-channel relay is connected with each other; the controller is electrically connected with each two-channel relay, each single-channel relay, the battery state monitoring unit and the auxiliary battery respectively, and is used for receiving the voltage data sent by the battery state monitoring unit, analyzing and controlling the single-channel relay and the two-channel relay to be turned off or on, and the auxiliary battery is electrically connected with the battery state monitoring unit.
And two ends of the battery pack are used for being connected with a user electricity utilization system or a battery charging system. As shown in fig. 1, both ends of the battery pack are connected with a user power system.
As shown in fig. 1, a single channel relay is electrically connected to the near positive end of the battery. When discharging, the battery pack is connected with the user power system, and a single-channel relay is connected between the positive electrode of the battery pack and the user power system. The single-channel relay connected between two adjacent single cells is located between two pins of the dual-channel relay connected between two adjacent single cells. The controller is electrically connected with the user power system.
In another embodiment, a single channel relay is electrically connected to the near negative end of the battery. When discharging, the battery pack is connected with the user power system, and a single-channel relay is connected between the positive electrode of the battery pack and the user power system.
The n double-channel relays are respectively a double-channel relay S1 and a double-channel relay S2 … …, the n single batteries are respectively a battery B1 and a battery B2 … …, the n single-channel relays are respectively a single-channel relay J1 and a single-channel relay J2 … …, and the n single-channel relays are respectively a single-channel relay Jn.
One pin of a first channel of the two-channel relay S1 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery B1, a second channel of the two-channel relay S1 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery B1, a first channel of the two-channel relay S2 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery B2, a second channel of the two-channel relay S2 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery B2, … …, a first channel of the two-channel relay Sn is connected to the positive electrode of the battery Bn, and a second channel of the two-channel relay Sn is connected to the negative electrode of the battery Bn; the other pin of the first channel of the two-channel relay S1 is connected with the other pin of the first channel of the two-channel relay S2 and the two-channel relay S3 … …. The other pin of the second channel of the two-channel relay S1 is connected with the other pin of the second channel of the two-channel relay S2 and the two-channel relay S3 and … … of the two-channel relay Sn.
Two pins of the single-channel relay J2 are respectively connected with the cathode of the battery B1 and the anode of the battery B2, two pins of the single-channel relay J3 are respectively connected with the cathode of the battery B2 and the anode of the battery B3, … …, and two pins of the single-channel relay Jn are respectively connected with the cathode of the battery Bn-1 and the anode of the battery Bn. The single channel relay J1 connector is connected between the battery B1 and the user electrical system or between the battery Bn and the user electrical system.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an equalization method of the equalization system is: the controller (02) receives battery voltage data sent by the battery state detection unit (03), calculates whether the difference value between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage accords with an equalization condition or not through calculation, if so, the controller (02) turns off all the single-channel relays (J1, J2, J3...Jn) through signals, records serial numbers of the batteries with the highest voltage and the lowest voltage, turns on the double-channel relays (S1, S2, S3 … Sn) connected with the single batteries with the highest voltage and the lowest voltage through control signals, and in the equalization process, the controller (02) judges whether equalization is finished or not through calculation by reading the voltage data of each battery (B1, B2, B3 … Bn) sent by the battery state detection unit (03), and if the difference value between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage does not accord with the equalization condition, the controller controls the double-channel relays to turn off, and the single-channel relays (J1, J2, J3...Jn) are turned on. The controller (02) reads the voltage data of each battery sent by the battery state detection unit, numbers each battery, ranks the voltages of all the single batteries through a rapid ranking method, obtains the highest ranked voltage value and the lowest ranked voltage value, calculates the voltage difference between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage, when the voltage difference reaches a set threshold, the controller (02) obtains the numbers of the battery corresponding to the highest voltage and the battery corresponding to the lowest voltage, and connects the positive electrode of the battery corresponding to the highest voltage and the positive electrode of the battery corresponding to the lowest voltage together through gating, so that the negative electrode of the battery corresponding to the highest voltage and the negative electrode of the battery corresponding to the lowest voltage are connected together, and the battery corresponding to the highest voltage charges the battery corresponding to the lowest voltage.
Equalization method II of equalization system: the controller (02) acquires a shutdown signal of the user power system, determines that the user power system is shut down, and turns off all the single-channel relays (J1, J2, J3...Jn) through IO signals when the battery energy is not needed temporarily; the controller (02) acquires battery voltage data through the battery state detection unit (03), opens a double-channel relay connected with the positive and negative ends of the single battery with the highest voltage in the battery pack (06), and the controller (02) opens the double-channel relay connected with the positive and negative ends of the single battery with the lowest voltage in the battery pack (06) through IO signals, so that energy transfer from the single battery with the highest voltage to the single battery with the lowest voltage is realized.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.