CN106876498A - P型perc双面太阳能电池的背面电极和电池 - Google Patents
P型perc双面太阳能电池的背面电极和电池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极,包括至少2条相互平行的背银主栅和25‑500条相互平行的铝栅线,所述铝栅线与背银主栅垂直连接;铝栅线与背银主栅连接处形成重叠区域,重叠区域的背银主栅位于铝栅线的下方。本发明还公开了一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池,采用本发明,结构简单,容易产业化,同时提高电池的光电转换效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池领域,尤其涉及一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极,相应地,本发明还涉及一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池。
背景技术
太阳能电池发电是利用太阳能电池将太阳光能直接转化为电能,由于它是绿色环保产品,不会引起环境污染,而且是可再生资源,所以在当今能源短缺的情形下,太阳能电池是一种有广阔发展前途的新型能源。
P型PERC双面太阳能电池的制作流程包括:制绒、扩散、刻蚀、背面钝化层沉积、PECVD背面镀膜、正面PECVD镀膜、丝网印刷、烧结、抗LID退火。太阳能电池片在将光能转换成电能的过程中,其内部产生的光生载流子需要通过外部印刷的电极收集并引出,然后与外部电路连接,从而将电流输送出来。上述的丝网印刷工序又进一步细分为太阳能电池的背主栅电极印刷、背副栅电极印刷和正电极印刷。正电极浆料和背电极浆料印刷在晶硅太阳电池正面上,经过烧结,起到收集电流的作用。在电池的封装环节,通过在正背面电极焊上焊带,把电池片连接成电池串,再通过层压等工序形成一块大的组件。背面电极图形的设计不仅决定了背钝化电池的背面钝化效果和电流收集效果,从而影响电池的光电转换效率,还决定了规模化生产工艺的复杂度。因此需要提出一种新的背面电极,结构简单,容易产业化,同时提高电池的光电转换效率。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极,结构简单,容易产业化,同时提高电池的光电转换效率。
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池,可双面吸收太阳光,结构简单,容易产业化,同时提高组件的光电转换效率,
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极,包括至少2条相互平行的背银主栅和25-500条相互平行的铝栅线,所述铝栅线与背银主栅垂直连接;
铝栅线与背银主栅连接处形成重叠区域,重叠区域的背银主栅位于铝栅线的下方。
作为上述P型PERC双面太阳能电池背面电极的优选技术方案,背银主栅两边与数量相等的铝栅线重叠相交;或每条背银主栅两边与数量不等的铝栅线重叠相交。
作为上述P型PERC双面太阳能电池背面电极的优选技术方案,位于背银主栅两边的铝栅线在同一直线上;或位于背银主栅两边的铝栅线交错分布。
作为上述P型PERC双面太阳能电池背面电极的优选技术方案,铝栅线之间的间距相等或不相等。
作为上述P型PERC双面太阳能电池背面电极的优选技术方案,所述背银主栅与铝栅线形成的重叠区域的图案为三角形、四边形、半圆形或五边形。
作为上述P型PERC双面太阳能电池背面电极的优选技术方案,所述铝栅线的宽度为30-550μm。
作为上述P型PERC双面太阳能电池背面电极的优选技术方案,所述背银主栅的宽度为0.5-5mm。
作为上述P型PERC双面太阳能电池背面电极的优选技术方案,每段铝栅线与背银主栅重合的部分沿铝栅方向的长度为0.05-2mm。
相应地,本发明还提供一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池,包括所述背面电极、背面氮化硅膜、背面氧化铝膜、P型硅、N型发射极、正面氮化硅膜和正银电极;所述背面电极、背面氮化硅膜、背面氧化铝膜、P型硅、N型发射极、正面氮化硅膜和正银电极从下至上依次层叠连接。
所述背面电极包括至少2条相互平行的背银主栅和25-500条相互平行的铝栅线,所述铝栅线与背银主栅垂直连接;
铝栅线与背银主栅连接处形成重叠区域,重叠区域的背银主栅位于铝栅线的下方;
所述背银主栅设于背面氮化硅膜之下,所述背面氮化硅膜和背面氧化铝膜经过激光开槽后形成的激光开槽区;所述铝栅线通过激光开槽区与P型硅相连。
实施本发明实施例,具有如下有益效果:
本发明所述P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极,既可以替代现有单面太阳能电池结构中全铝背电场的作用,还具有载流导体的功能,适用于装设在P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面作为背面电极。结构简单,容易产业化,同时提高电池的光电转换效率。采用本发明所述背面电极的P型PERC双面太阳能电池可节省银浆和铝浆的用量,降低生产成本,而且实现双面吸收光能,显著扩大太阳能电池的应用范围和提高光电转换效率。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池背面电极的结构示意图;
图2是图1A处放大图;
图3是本发明一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细描述。
近年来,随着科学家和技术人员的深入研究,发现了一种背面钝化的PERC太阳能电池可进一步提高电池的光电转换效率。然而背面钝化膜中的氧化铝膜导电率极低,难以将电子传输至背面电极,因此常规的做法是在栅线下方开槽,印刷栅线时,银浆可填充到开槽区内与P型硅形成欧姆接触,从而实现导电功能。
现有的PERC单面太阳能电池在电池的背面设有全铝背电场覆盖在硅片的整个背面,全铝背电场的作用是提高了开路电压Voc和短路电流Jsc,迫使少数载流子远离表面,少数载流子复合率降低,从而整体上提高电池效率。然而,由于全铝背电场不透光,因此,具有全铝背电场的太阳能电池背面无法吸收光能,只能正面吸收光能,其光电转换效率难以大幅度的提高。
为此,本发明提出一种新的背面电极,既可以替代现有单面太阳能电池结构中全铝背电场的作用,还具有载流导体的功能,适用于装设在P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面作为背面电极。
如图1和2所示,本发明提供一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极,包括至少2条相互平行的背银主栅1和25-500条相互平行的铝栅线2,所述铝栅线2与背银主栅1垂直连接;
铝栅线2与背银主栅1连接处形成重叠区域,重叠区域的背银主栅1位于铝栅线2的下方。本发明所述背面电极设置在背面氮化硅膜3下方,而为了适应背面能吸收太阳光,不再设置全铝背电场,而是改为设置许多条的铝栅线2,采用激光开槽技术在背面氮化硅膜3和背面氧化铝膜4上开设激光开槽区9,而铝栅线2印刷在这些平行设置的激光开槽区9上,从而能与P型硅5形成局部接触,密集平行排布的铝栅线2不仅能起到提高开路电压Voc和短路电流Jsc,降低少数载流子复合率,提高电池光电转换效率的作用,可替代现有单面电池结构的全铝背电场,而且铝栅线2并未全面遮盖硅片的背面,太阳光可从铝栅线2之间的受光区投射至硅片内,从而实现硅片背面吸收光能,大幅提高电池的光电转换效率。
优选地,所述铝栅线2的根数为30-350条,更佳地,所述铝栅线2的根数为50-300条;所述铝栅线2的宽度为30-550μm。
从图2中可知,发明人发现当重叠区域10在0.05-2mm范围时,背面电极的导电性能佳,如重叠区域10长度小于0.05mm,则容易发生接触不良,如重叠区域10长度的大于5mm,则浪费铝浆,且由于重叠区域10的面积过大,成型的背银主栅1和铝栅线2因膨胀系数等物理性能不一,在电池使用过程中易发生铝栅线2从背银主栅1上剥离,或铝栅线2与背银主栅1交界处发生断裂,从而影响电池品质和性能的稳定性。本发明人经过长期反复的对比实验发现,当背银主栅1和铝栅线2的重叠区域10长度在0.05-2mm范围时,电池性能最佳。
需要说明的是,本发明所述背银主栅1与铝栅线2形成的重叠区域10的图案为三角形、四边形、半圆形或五边形。具体地,同一条背银主栅1上重叠区域10图案相同;或同一条背银主栅1上重叠区域10图案不相同。
优选地,背银主栅两边与数量相等的铝栅线重叠相交;或每条背银主栅两边与数量不等的铝栅线重叠相交。
位于背银主栅两边的铝栅线在同一直线上;或位于背银主栅两边的铝栅线不在同一直线上,呈交错分布。
铝栅线之间的间距相等或不相等。
图1中的示例为背银主栅两边设有数量相等的铝栅线,且位于背银主栅两边的铝栅线在同一直线上,重叠区域为四方形。
相应地,如图3所示,本发明还提供一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池,所述P型PERC双面太阳能电池包括所述背面电极、背面氮化硅膜3、背面氧化铝膜4、P型硅5、N型发射极6、正面氮化硅膜7和正银电极8;所述背面电极、背面氮化硅膜3、背面氧化铝膜4、P型硅5、N型发射极6、正面氮化硅膜7和正银电极8从下至上依次层叠连接。
所述背面电极包括至少2条相互平行的背银主栅1和25-500条相互平行的铝栅线2,所述铝栅线2与背银主栅1垂直连接;
铝栅线2与背银主栅1连接处形成重叠区域10,重叠区域10的背银主栅1位于铝栅线2的下方;
所述背银主栅1设于背面氮化硅膜3之下,所述背面氮化硅膜3和背面氧化铝膜4经过激光开槽后形成的激光开槽区;所述铝栅线2通过激光开槽区与P型硅5相连。
现有单面太阳能电池整个背面电极皆采用银浆制成,与现有单面太阳能电池相比,本发明所述P型PERC双面太阳能电池采用若干条背银主栅1与多条平行设置的铝栅线2组成,铝栅线2不仅替代现有单面太阳能电池中全铝背电场实现背面吸光,还用于传导电子。
最后,采用本发明所述背面电极的所述P型PERC双面太阳能电池,可节省银浆和铝浆的用量,降低生产成本,而且实现双面吸收光能,显著扩大太阳能电池的应用范围和提高光电转换效率。
应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极,其特征在于,包括至少2条相互平行的背银主栅和25-500条相互平行的铝栅线,所述铝栅线与背银主栅垂直连接;
铝栅线与背银主栅连接处形成重叠区域,重叠区域的背银主栅位于铝栅线的下方。
2.如权利要求1所述P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极,其特征在于,背银主栅两边与数量相等的铝栅线重叠相交;或每条背银主栅两边与数量不等的铝栅线重叠相交。
3.如权利要求1所述P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极,其特征在于,位于背银主栅两边的铝栅线在同一直线上;或位于背银主栅两边的铝栅线交错分布。
4.如权利要求1所述P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极,其特征在于,铝栅线之间的间距相等或不相等。
5.如权利要求1所述P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极,其特征在于,所述背银主栅与铝栅线形成的重叠区域的图案为三角形、四边形、半圆形或五边形。
6.如权利要求1所述P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极,其特征在于,所述铝栅线的宽度为30-550μm。
7.如权利要求1所述P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极,其特征在于,所述背银主栅电极的宽度为0.5-5mm。
8.如权利要求1所述P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极,其特征在于,每段铝栅线与背银主栅重合的部分沿铝栅方向的长度为0.05-2mm。
9.一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池,其特征在于,包括所述背面电极、背面氮化硅膜、背面氧化铝膜、P型硅、N型发射极、正面氮化硅膜和正银电极;所述背面电极、背面氮化硅膜、背面氧化铝膜、P型硅、N型发射极、正面氮化硅膜和正银电极从下至上依次层叠连接;
所述背面电极包括至少2条相互平行的背银主栅和25-500条相互平行的铝栅线,所述铝栅线与背银主栅垂直连接;
铝栅线与背银主栅连接处形成重叠区域,重叠区域的背银主栅位于铝栅线的下方;
所述背银主栅设于背面氮化硅膜之下,所述背面氮化硅膜和背面氧化铝膜经过激光开槽后形成的激光开槽区;所述铝栅线通过激光开槽区与P型硅相连。
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