CN106873352B - Pulse integration ball atomic clock system - Google Patents
Pulse integration ball atomic clock system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106873352B CN106873352B CN201710015496.3A CN201710015496A CN106873352B CN 106873352 B CN106873352 B CN 106873352B CN 201710015496 A CN201710015496 A CN 201710015496A CN 106873352 B CN106873352 B CN 106873352B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of pulse integration ball atomic clock system, by the working sequence of DSP CONTROL first integral ball and second integral ball, can make first integral ball and second integral ball alternately locking crystal oscillator.By the way that alternately locking the crystal oscillator reduces Dick effect, so that the integrating sphere atomic clock system can have more stable rate-adaptive pacemaker.In addition, cost is relatively low for crystal oscillator.Therefore, integrating sphere atomic clock system provided by the invention has the advantages that at low cost and stability is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to precision instrument technical field more particularly to a kind of pulse integration ball atomic clock systems.
Background technique
The development of high-performance, compact and low power consumption atomic clock suffers from numerous scientific researches and industrial production important
Meaning.The application of atomic clock includes gravitational wave detection, the verifying of general theory of relativity, new generation satellite navigation positioning, Network Synchronization
And the Time keeping system on mobile platform.In the atomic clock of numerous types, alkali metal gas chamber atomic clock is by its simple knot
Structure and higher stability, increasingly arouse people's interest.In recent years, being based on along with the development of the technologies such as laser
The short-term stability of the laboratory level atomic clock of pulse integration ball (Integrating sphere) technology has reached 1-4 × 10-13
τ-1/2Magnitude.Above-mentioned atomic clock improves general two magnitudes than the atomic clock of present commercial rubidium light pumping, short-term
Also constantly close to the index of hydrogen clock in stability.
The principal element for limiting the atom short-term stability of above-mentioned atomic clock includes: quantum projection noise, the phase of laser
To intensity noise, frequency-amplitude modulation conversion noise and Dick effect bring crystal oscillator noise.Early in nineteen ninety, G.J.Dick
Dick effect is found that.It had not at that time been the main of the short-term stability of atomic clock but since Dick effect magnitude is smaller
Restraining factors.But with the application of pulse integration ball (Integrating sphere) atomic clock, the short-term stability of atomic clock
The quantum projection noise limit is moved closer to, Dick effect also gradually becomes the short-term stability for restricting alkali metal Air-chamber type atomic clock
A key factor.
It, can (such as low temperature be blue using the more excellent crystal oscillator of phase noise property in order to reduce the Dick effect of atomic clock
Sapphire oscillators etc.) replace common crystals.But structure is complicated and price for the more excellent crystal oscillator of above-mentioned phase noise property
It is expensive.So as to cause the pulse integration ball atomic clock entirety with above structure volume is larger, higher cost.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary in view of the above technical problems, provide a kind of small in size, at low cost and Dick effect can be reduced
Pulse integration ball atomic clock system.
A kind of pulse integration ball atomic clock system, including crystal oscillator, the frequency synthesizer being connect with the crystal oscillator and the crystalline substance
The proportional integral differential device of vibration connection, the digital signal processor connecting with the proportional integral differential device and laser occur
Device, the frequency signal that the crystal oscillator issues are converted into microwave signal by the frequency synthesizer, further comprise:
The microwave timing adjuster being connect with the digital signal processor, the microwave that the frequency synthesizer issues
Signal is by being divided into the first microwave signal and the second microwave signal, the microwave timing adjuster after the microwave timing adjuster
For adjusting the timing of first microwave signal and second microwave signal, the digital signal processor is for adjusting institute
State the timing of the laser signal of generating device of laser sending；
First integral ball and second integral ball, the generating device of laser can issue the first exploring laser light, the second detection
Laser, the first cooling pumping laser and the second cooling pumping laser, first exploring laser light and the first cooling pumping swash
Light enters the first integral ball, and second exploring laser light and the second cooling pumping laser enter the second integral
Ball；
The photoelectric sensor connecting with the digital signal processor, the photoelectric sensor is for receiving via institute
The optical signal of the output of first integral ball and the first integral ball is stated, and is translated into electric signal transmission to the number letter
Number processor, the digital signal processor calculate deviation correcting signal according to the electric signal；The proportional integral differential device root
It is adjusted according to the frequency signal that the deviation correcting signal exports the crystal oscillator.
The microwave timing adjuster includes the first microwave switch and the second microwave switch in one of the embodiments,
First microwave switch connects with the frequency synthesizer, the first integral ball and the digital signal processor respectively
Connect, second microwave switch respectively with the frequency synthesizer, the second integral ball and the digital signal processor
Connection.
The photoelectric sensor includes connecting respectively with the digital signal processor in one of the embodiments,
The optical signal of first photodetector and the second photodetector, the first integral ball output passes through first photodetection
Device is transformed into electric signal and inputs the digital signal processor, and the optical signal of the second integral ball output passes through second light
Electric explorer is transformed into electric signal and inputs the digital signal processor.
The generating device of laser includes connecting respectively with the digital signal processor in one of the embodiments,
Cooling pumping generating device of laser and exploring laser light generating device, described the first of the cooling pumping generating device of laser sending
By the DSP CONTROL, the detection swashs the timing of cooling pumping laser and the second cooling pumping laser
The timing of first exploring laser light and second exploring laser light that light generating apparatus issues passes through the Digital Signal Processing
Device control.
The exploring laser light generating device includes detecting laser, the first light-dividing device, divides in one of the embodiments,
The first sound-optic modulator and second sound-optic modulator not connecting with the digital signal processor, the detecting laser issue
Laser the identical two beams laser of intensity is divided by first light-dividing device, the two beams laser respectively enters described
One acousto-optic modulator and the second sound-optic modulator so that the first sound-optic modulator issue first exploring laser light into
Enter the first integral ball, the second sound-optic modulator issues second exploring laser light and enters the second integral ball；Institute
It states digital signal processor and first spy is controlled by the first sound-optic modulator and the second sound-optic modulator respectively
Survey the timing of laser and second exploring laser light.
The cooling pumping generating device of laser includes cooling pump laser, second point in one of the embodiments,
Electro-optical device, third acousto-optic modulator and falling tone optical modulator, the laser that the cooling pump laser issues pass through described the
Two light-dividing devices are divided into the identical two beams laser of intensity, and the two beams laser respectively enters the third acousto-optic modulator and institute
Falling tone optical modulator is stated, so that the third acousto-optic modulator issues the described first cooling pumping laser and enters first product
Bulb separation, the falling tone optical modulator issue the described second cooling pumping laser and enter the second integral ball；The number letter
Number processor controls the described first cooling pumping by the third acousto-optic modulator and the falling tone optical modulator respectively and swashs
The timing of light and the second cooling pumping laser.
It in one of the embodiments, further comprise the first magnetic shielding device and the second magnetic shielding device, described first
It is provided with the first field coil in magnetic shielding device, is provided with the second field coil in second magnetic shielding device, described
One integrating sphere is set to the first magnetic shielding device, and the second integral ball is set to second magnetic shielding device.
Freely developing the time and described second in the working sequence of the first integral ball in one of the embodiments,
Cooling, pumping and detection time in integrating sphere working sequence are at least partly overlapped, in the working sequence of the first integral ball
Cooling, pumping and detection time be at least partly overlapped with the time of freely developing in the second integral ball working sequence.
The first integral ball can replace with the second integral ball in one of the embodiments, locks the crystalline substance
Vibration, so that the second integral ball is in cooling, laser pump (ing) shape when the first integral ball is in free Evolution States
State；When the first integral ball is in cooling, laser pump (ing) state, the second integral ball is in free Evolution States.
The crystal oscillator is crystal oscillator in one of the embodiments,.
Pulse integration ball atomic clock system provided by the invention passes through the first product described in the DSP CONTROL
The working sequence of bulb separation and the second integral ball can make the first integral ball and the second integral ball alternately lock
The crystal oscillator.By alternately locking the crystal oscillator and reducing Dick effect, so that the integrating sphere atomic clock system can be with
With more stable rate-adaptive pacemaker.In addition, cost is relatively low for crystal oscillator.Therefore, integrating sphere atomic clock system provided by the invention,
Have the advantages that at low cost and stability is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is pulsed integrating sphere atomic clock working timing figure；
Fig. 2 is the structural block diagram of the pulse integration ball atomic clock system of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural block diagram of the pulse integration ball atomic clock system of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural block diagram of the pulse integration ball atomic clock system of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural block diagram of the pulse integration ball atomic clock system of one embodiment of the invention；
Light path schematic diagram when Fig. 6 is the pulse integration ball atomic clock system work of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the working timing figure of the pulse integration ball atomic clock system of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the working timing figure of the pulse integration ball atomic clock system of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the working timing figure of the pulse integration ball atomic clock system of the embodiment of the present invention.
Main element symbol description
Pulse integration ball atomic clock system 100
Exploring laser light generating device 102
Cooling pumping generating device of laser 103
Crystal oscillator 110
Frequency synthesizer 120
Generating device of laser 130
Cooling pump laser 131
Detecting laser 132
Third acousto-optic modulator 133
First sound-optic modulator 134
Falling tone optical modulator 135
Second sound-optic modulator 136
Second light-dividing device 137
First light-dividing device 138
First integral ball 140
First magnetic shielding device 142
Second integral ball 150
Second magnetic shielding device 152
Photoelectric sensor 160
First photodetector 162
Second photodetector 164
Digital signal processor 170
Proportional integral differential device 180
Photoelectric sensor 190
First microwave switch 192
Second microwave switch 194
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, right with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
It referring to Figure 1, is pulsed integrating sphere atomic clock working timing figure.The pulsed integrating sphere atomic clock is worked
Journey includes cooling pumping, microwave action, freely develop and detects four parts.Wherein τcpIndicate cooling pumping time, τp1And τp2
The microwave action time is represented, T expression is freely developed the time, τdIndicate detection time, TcIndicate loop time.By the timing diagram of Fig. 1
It is found that atom only can just experience the phase change of crystal oscillator output signal during free evolution T, and in cooling pump probe
Time, crystal oscillator phase are not to be locked on atom, and this period is also referred to as dead time Td.Dead time TdJust
Cause in a duty cycle TcInterior, the phse sensitivity function of pulse integration ball atomic clock is not always for 1.Therefore, phase
The frequency spectrum of position sensitivity function can be broadened, and then lead to its nth harmonic and n/TcThe crystal oscillator phase noise at place (is usually usedIndicate) mixing effect occurs, to generate mixed frequency signal.Feedback control loop can believe this mixed frequency signal as error
Number so feed back to crystal oscillator to optimize the output of crystal oscillator, to cause to deteriorate to the short-term stability of crystal oscillator.Foregoing description is exactly
The influence that Dick effect and Dick effect in pulse integration ball atomic clock export crystal oscillator.
Fig. 2 is referred to, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of pulse integration ball atomic clock system that can reduce Dick effect
100.The pulse integration ball atomic clock system 100 include crystal oscillator 110, connect with the crystal oscillator 110 frequency synthesizer 120,
Microwave timing adjuster 190, generating device of laser 130, first integral ball 140, second integral ball 150, photoelectric sensor
160, digital signal processor 170 and proportional integral differential device 180.
The crystal oscillator 110 can be crystal oscillator.Specifically, the crystal oscillator 110 can be a voltage-controlled vibration
Device is swung, output frequency will receive the control of crystal oscillator input voltage.It just will increase for example, input voltage increases output frequency, it is defeated
Entering voltage reduction output frequency will reduce.The frequency signal that the crystal oscillator 110 issues is converted by the frequency synthesizer 120
At microwave signal.The frequency synthesizer 120 inputs the microwave signal in microwave timing adjuster 190, so that described micro-
Wave signal is divided into the first microwave signal and the second microwave signal.The microwave timing adjuster 190 can be by first microwave
Signal inputs in the first integral ball 140.Second input signal can be inputted institute by the microwave timing adjuster 190
It states in second integral ball 150.
The generating device of laser 130 can issue the first exploring laser light, the second exploring laser light, the first cooling pumping laser
With the second cooling pumping laser.First exploring laser light is identical as the intensity of second exploring laser light.Described first is cooling
Pumping laser is identical with the intensity of the described second cooling pumping laser.First exploring laser light and the first cooling pumping swash
Light enters the first integral ball 140.Second exploring laser light and the second cooling pumping laser enter second product
Bulb separation 150.The first integral ball 140 and the second integral ball 150 are alkali metal integrating sphere, for providing alkali metal original
Sub- steam.In one embodiment, the alkali metal atom can be87Rb、85Rb or133Cs。
The digital signal processor 170 connects with the generating device of laser 130 and the microwave timing adjuster 190
It connects.The digital signal processor 170 controls first microwave signal and described by the microwave timing adjuster 190
The timing of two microwave signals.The digital signal processor 170 controls first detection by the generating device of laser 130
The timing of laser, second exploring laser light, the first cooling pumping laser and the second cooling pumping laser.The light
Electrical sensing device 160 is connect with the digital signal processor 170.
The photoelectric sensor 160 is used for the light for exporting the first integral ball 140 and the second integral ball 150
Signal is converted into electric signal, and is transferred to the digital signal processor 170.The digital signal processor 170 is according to described
Electric signal calculates deviation correcting signal.The proportional integral differential device 180 and the crystal oscillator 110 and the digital signal processor
170 connections.The calculated deviation correcting signal of processor 170, generation are anti-according to the digital signal for the proportional integral differential device 180
The frequency signal that feedback signal exports the crystal oscillator 110 is adjusted.The feedback signal is a voltage value, to utilize institute
State the output frequency of the adjustable crystal oscillator 110 of feedback signal.The working principle of atomic clock system is exactly the transition with atom
Spectral line is reference, and the microwave by crystal oscillator by frequency synthesizer output is compared with atom carries out frequency.If the frequency of microwave and
The centre frequency of atom has difference, then by system can export one due to caused by this deviation feedback voltage feed back
Onto crystal oscillator, so the frequency of crystal oscillator can be adjusted to it is accurate as the centre frequency of atom.
The pulse integration ball atomic clock system 100 controls first microwave by the digital signal processor 170
The timing for the laser that signal, second microwave signal and the generating device of laser 130 issue, so that described the
One integrating sphere 140 and second integral ball 150 alternately lock the crystal oscillator 110.By way of alternately locking the crystal oscillator 110,
Dead time is reduced, to reduce Dick effect.Therefore, the integrating sphere atomic clock system 100 can have more steady
Fixed crystal oscillator frequency output.In addition, since cost is relatively low for the crystal oscillator 110, pulse integration ball provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Atomic clock system 100 has the advantages that at low cost and stability is high.
Fig. 3 is referred to, in one embodiment, the microwave timing adjuster 190 can specifically include the first microwave and open
Pass 192 and the second microwave switch 194.First microwave switch 192 is accumulated with the frequency synthesizer 120, described first respectively
Bulb separation 140 and the digital signal processor 170 connect.Second microwave switch 192 respectively with the frequency synthesizer
120, the second integral ball 150 and the digital signal processor 170 connect.
After the crystal oscillator frequency that the crystal oscillator 110 issues inputs the frequency synthesizer 120, microwave signal is converted to.It is described
Frequency synthesizer 120 can issue identical two microwave signals of frequency (corresponding first microwave signal and described second micro-
Wave signal).Described two microwave signals pass through first microwave switch 192 and second microwave switch 194 control respectively
Folding.The digital signal processor 170 can be controlled separately first microwave switch 192 and second microwave switch
194 folding, to control the timing of described two microwave signals (first microwave signal and second microwave signal).
Therefore, believed by first microwave that the microwave timing adjuster 190 can be obtained into the first integral ball 140
Number, and enter second microwave signal of the second integral ball 150.And the digital signal processor 170 may be used also
To control first microwave signal and described respectively by first microwave switch 192 and second microwave switch 194
The timing of second microwave signal.
Fig. 3 is referred to, the photoelectric sensor 160 is for receiving the first integral ball 140 and the second integral
The optical signal that ball 150 exports.The photoelectric sensor 160 may include connecting respectively with the digital signal processor 170
The first photodetector 162 and the second photodetector 164.The optical signal that the first integral ball 140 exports passes through described
First photodetector 162 is transformed into electric signal and inputs the digital signal processor 170.The second integral ball 140 exports
Optical signal electric signal be transformed by second photodetector 164 input the digital signal processor 170.
Fig. 4 is referred to, the generating device of laser 130 is cold including connecting respectively with the digital signal processor 170
But pumping laser generating device 103 and exploring laser light generating device 102.The cooling pumping generating device of laser 103 can be sent out
Described first cooling pumping laser and the second cooling pumping laser out.The exploring laser light generating device 102 can issue
First exploring laser light and second exploring laser light.It is cooling that the digital signal processor 170 can control described first
The timing of pumping laser, the second cooling pumping laser, first exploring laser light and second exploring laser light.
Fig. 5 is referred to, the exploring laser light generating device 102 includes detecting laser 132, the first light-dividing device 138, divides
The first sound-optic modulator 134 and second sound-optic modulator 136 not connect with the digital signal processor 170.The detection
The laser that laser 132 issues is divided into the identical two beams laser of intensity (with described first by first light-dividing device 138
Exploring laser light and second exploring laser light are corresponding).The two beams laser respectively enters the first sound-optic modulator 134 and institute
State second sound-optic modulator 136.The first sound-optic modulator 134 can issue first exploring laser light into described first
Integrating sphere 140.The second sound-optic modulator 136 can issue second exploring laser light into the second integral ball 150.
The digital signal processor 170 is controlled respectively by the first sound-optic modulator 134 and the second sound-optic modulator 136
The timing of first exploring laser light and second exploring laser light.
The structure of first light-dividing device 138 is unlimited, as long as the laser that can issue the detecting laser 132 point
At identical two beam of intensity.In one embodiment, first light-dividing device 138 includes a unpolarized light splitting rib
Mirror, two polarization splitting prisms and two reflecting mirrors.The laser that the detecting laser 132 issues is by described unpolarized
Amici prism is divided into two beams, then respectively enters the first integral ball 140 and described by described two polarization splitting prisms
Second integral ball 150.Into the first integral ball 140 laser by a reflecting mirror reflection after, then pass through one
The polarization splitting prism enters first photodetector 162.Laser into the second integral ball 150 passes through one
After the reflecting mirror reflection, then passes through the polarization splitting prism and enter first photodetector 162.
Fig. 5 is referred to, the cooling pumping generating device of laser 103 includes the cooling light splitting of pump laser 131, second dress
Set 137, third acousto-optic modulator 133 and falling tone optical modulator 135.The laser that the cooling pump laser 131 issues is logical
It crosses second light-dividing device 137 and is divided into the identical two beams laser of intensity (corresponding described first cooling pumping laser and described
Second cooling pumping laser).The two beams laser respectively enters the third acousto-optic modulator 133 and the falling tone light modulation
Device 135.The third acousto-optic modulator 133 issues the described first cooling pumping laser and enters the first integral ball 140.It is described
Falling tone optical modulator 135 issues the described second cooling pumping laser and enters the second integral ball 150.At the digital signal
It manages device 170 and first cooling pump is controlled by the third acousto-optic modulator 133 and the falling tone optical modulator 135 respectively
The timing of Pu laser and the second cooling pumping laser.The structure of second light-dividing device 137 is unlimited, as long as can be by institute
It states the laser that cooling pump laser 131 issues and is divided into identical two beam of intensity.In one embodiment, described second point
Electro-optical device 137 is unpolarized Amici prism.
Fig. 6 is referred to, in one embodiment, the pulse integration ball atomic clock system 100 can further include
First magnetic shielding device 142 and the second magnetic shielding device 152.The first integral ball 140 is set to the first magnetic shielding device
142.The second integral ball 150 is set to second magnetic shielding device 152.First magnetic shielding device 142 and second
Magnetic shielding device 152 is for providing magnetic screen.It is appreciated that being also provided with axis field coil in the magnetic shielding device
(not shown).The axis field coil is for providing stable axis magnetic field to integrating sphere.
Connection and light path schematic diagram when Fig. 6 is the work of the pulse integration ball atomic clock system 100.Below with Fig. 6
For, illustrate the course of work of the pulse integration ball atomic clock system 100.The 10M frequency signal that the crystal oscillator 110 generates is logical
Crossing the generation of frequency synthesizer 120 can be with the microwave signal of atomic resonance.The microwave signal is divided into frequency and intensity
Identical first microwave signal and the second microwave signal.First microwave signal and the second microwave signal pass through the first microwave respectively and open
It closes 192 (microwave switches 1) and the second microwave switch 194 (microwave switch 2) enters first integral ball 140 and second integral ball
150.First microwave switch 192 and the second microwave switch 194 are connect with digital signal processor 170 (DSP operation module) respectively.
Digital signal processor 170 is micro- by the first microwave switch 192 and the second microwave switch 194 the first microwave signal of control and second
The timing of wave signal.The exploring laser light that detecting laser 132 issues is divided into two beam intensities identical the by unpolarized Amici prism
After one exploring laser light and the second exploring laser light, first sound-optic modulator 134 (AOM1) and second sound-optic modulator 136 are respectively enterd
(AOM2).First exploring laser light returns inclined by entering in first integral ball 140 after polarization splitting prism, and after being reflected by reflecting mirror
The Amici prism that shakes enters the first photodetector 162.Second exploring laser light enters second integral ball after passing through polarization splitting prism
In 150, and polarization splitting prism is returned after being reflected by reflecting mirror and enters the second photodetector 164.Cooling pump laser 131
The cooling pumping laser of sending is divided into the identical first cooling pumping laser of intensity and the second cooling by unpolarized Amici prism
Pumping laser, and respectively enter third acousto-optic modulator 133 (AOM3) and falling tone optical modulator 135 (AOM4).It can manage
Solution, the laser into integrating sphere can be entered by multimode fibre.First cooling pumping laser enters first by fiber coupling
Integrating sphere 140.Second cooling pumping laser enters second integral ball 150 by fiber coupling.Digital signal processor 170 and
One acousto-optic modulator 134, second sound-optic modulator 136, third acousto-optic modulator 133 and falling tone optical modulator 135 connect, from
And it can control the timing of a few class laser.Therefore, by digital signal processor 170 can control first integral ball and
The working sequence of second integral ball.When so as to realize that first integral ball 140 is in free Evolution States, second integral ball
150 in cooling, laser pump (ing) state.Alternatively, when second integral ball 150 is in free Evolution States, at first integral ball 140
In cooling, laser pump (ing) state.The dead time for thus shortening pulse integration ball atomic clock system 100, to reduce
Dick effect.
Specifically, Fig. 7 is referred to, first integral ball 140 (corresponding integrating sphere atomic clock 1) and second integral ball 150 are (corresponding
Integrating sphere atomic clock 2) a kind of working sequence corresponding relationship be described as follows.When dead time can be enabled to be exactly equal to freely develop
Between, second microwave pulse of first microwave pulse of first integral ball 140 and second integral ball 150 in free evolutionary process
It is completely coincident.It is in first integral ball 140 and freely develops in the time, second integral ball 150 is in detection, cooling and pumped
Journey.It is in detection, cooling and pumping process in first integral ball 140, second integral ball 150, which is in, freely to be developed in the time.Tool
Body, can first open microwave switch, allow atom phase interaction of the microwave simultaneously with first integral ball 140 and second integral ball 150
With duration τp1, it is then shut off microwave.To first integral ball 140, all laser are closed, allow original in first integral ball 140
Son is in free Evolution States, duration T；To second integral ball 150, exploring laser light is opened, obtains signal using detector,
Then cooling laser, pumping laser, duration T are openedd.Then, microwave switch is then opened, allows 140 He of first integral ball
The atomic interaction of second integral ball 150, duration τp2, it is then shut off microwave.To first integral ball 140, detection is opened
Laser, obtains signal using detector, then opens cooling laser, pumping laser；To second integral ball 150, close all sharp
Light allows the atom in second integral ball 150 to be in free Evolution States, duration T.Subsequent operating process is according to front
Timing is repeated.
Related with Dick effect there are also phase sensitive degree functions, and when phase sensitive degree function is 1, the Dick of system is imitated
Answer minimum.In order to further decrease Dick effect, phase sensitive degree function approach and 1 can be made.Therefore, it is necessary to free evolution
Time, dead time and microwave pulse time are finely adjusted.Specific timing is referring to shown in Fig. 8, the microwave action time span of Fig. 8
It is identical as microwave action time span in Fig. 7.Fig. 8 is to adjust first microwave of second integral ball 150 on the basis of Fig. 7
Second microwave pulse of pulse ratio first integral ball 140 early starts t1, allow first microwave pulse ratio of first integral ball 140
Second microwave pulse of second integral ball 150 early starts t2.Make through the above way phase sensitive degree function closer to
1.In addition to this other processes are identical with first kind situation, and so on.
Fig. 9 is referred to, in order to allow phase sensitive degree function to be equal to 1, intensity modulated can be carried out to microwave pulse.It enables dead
Area's time is exactly equal to freely develop the time, first microwave pulse and second of first integral ball 140 in free evolutionary process
Second microwave pulse of integrating sphere 150 is completely coincident, but the intensity modulated of first microwave pulse isThe intensity modulated of second microwave pulse isIt can completely eliminate in this way
The influence of Dick effect.
In several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that disclosed relevant apparatus and method, Ke Yitong
Other modes are crossed to realize.For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely exemplary, for example, the module or list
Member division, only a kind of logical function partition, there may be another division manner in actual implementation, for example, multiple units or
Component can be combined or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.Another point is shown
The mutual coupling, direct-coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, between device or unit
Coupling or communication connection are connect, can be electrical property, mechanical or other forms.
The unit as illustrated by the separation member may or may not be physically separated, aobvious as unit
The component shown may or may not be physical unit, it can and it is in one place, or may be distributed over multiple
In network unit.It can select some or all of unit therein according to the actual needs to realize the mesh of this embodiment scheme
's.
It, can also be in addition, the functional units in various embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit
It is that each unit physically exists alone, can also be integrated in one unit with two or more units.Above-mentioned integrated list
Member both can take the form of hardware realization, can also realize in the form of software functional units.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that realizing all or part of the process in above-described embodiment method, being can be with
Relevant hardware is instructed to complete by computer program, described program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium
In, in the embodiment of the present invention, described program be can be stored in the storage medium of computer system, and by the computer system
In at least one processor execute, to realize including process such as the embodiment of above-mentioned each method.Wherein, the storage medium
It can be magnetic disk, CD, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM) or random access memory (Random
Access Memory, RAM) etc..
The embodiments described above only express several embodiments of the present invention, with the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but
It cannot be understood as the limitations to patent of invention range.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to guarantor of the invention
Protect range.Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the invention shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of pulse integration ball atomic clock system, including crystal oscillator, the frequency synthesizer being connect with the crystal oscillator and the crystal oscillator
The proportional integral differential device of connection, the digital signal processor connecting with the proportional integral differential device and laser fill
It sets, the frequency signal that the crystal oscillator issues is converted into microwave signal by the frequency synthesizer, which is characterized in that further packet
It includes:
The microwave timing adjuster being connect with the digital signal processor, the microwave signal that the frequency synthesizer issues
By being divided into the first microwave signal and the second microwave signal after the microwave timing adjuster, the microwave timing adjuster is used for
The timing of first microwave signal and second microwave signal is adjusted, the digital signal processor is described sharp for adjusting
The timing for the laser signal that light generating apparatus issues；
First integral ball and second integral ball, the generating device of laser can issue the first exploring laser light, the second exploring laser light,
First cooling pumping laser and the second cooling pumping laser, first exploring laser light and the first cooling pumping laser enter
The first integral ball, second exploring laser light and the second cooling pumping laser enter the second integral ball；
The photoelectric sensor connecting with the digital signal processor, the photoelectric sensor is for receiving via described the
The optical signal of the output of one integrating sphere and the second integral ball, and electric signal transmission is translated at the digital signal
Device is managed, the digital signal processor calculates deviation correcting signal according to the electric signal；The proportional integral differential device is according to institute
The frequency signal that deviation correcting signal exports the crystal oscillator is stated to be adjusted.
2. pulse integration ball atomic clock system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the microwave timing adjuster includes
First microwave switch and the second microwave switch, first microwave switch respectively with the frequency synthesizer, the first integral
Ball and digital signal processor connection, second microwave switch are accumulated with the frequency synthesizer, described second respectively
Bulb separation and digital signal processor connection.
3. pulse integration ball atomic clock system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the photoelectric sensor includes point
The first photodetector and the second photodetector not connect with the digital signal processor, the first integral ball output
Optical signal electric signal be transformed by first photodetector input the digital signal processor, the second integral
The optical signal of ball output is transformed into electric signal by second photodetector and inputs the digital signal processor.
4. pulse integration ball atomic clock system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the generating device of laser includes point
The cooling pumping generating device of laser and exploring laser light generating device not connect with the digital signal processor, the cooling pump
The timing of the described first cooling pumping laser and the second cooling pumping laser that Pu generating device of laser issues passes through described
DSP CONTROL, first exploring laser light and second detection that the exploring laser light generating device issues swash
The timing of light passes through the DSP CONTROL.
5. pulse integration ball atomic clock system as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the exploring laser light generating device packet
Include detecting laser, the first light-dividing device, the first sound-optic modulator connecting respectively with the digital signal processor and second
Acousto-optic modulator, the laser that the detecting laser issues are divided into identical two beam of intensity by first light-dividing device and swash
Light, the two beams laser respectively enter the first sound-optic modulator and the second sound-optic modulator, so that first sound
Optical modulator issues first exploring laser light and enters the first integral ball, and the second sound-optic modulator issues described second
Exploring laser light enters the second integral ball；The digital signal processor passes through the first sound-optic modulator and described second
Acousto-optic modulator controls the timing of first exploring laser light and second exploring laser light respectively.
6. pulse integration ball atomic clock system as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the cooling pumping laser fills
It sets including cooling pump laser, the second light-dividing device, third acousto-optic modulator and falling tone optical modulator, the cooling pumping
The laser that laser issues is divided into the identical two beams laser of intensity, the two beams laser difference by second light-dividing device
Into the third acousto-optic modulator and the falling tone optical modulator, so that the third acousto-optic modulator issues described first
Cooling pumping laser enters the first integral ball, and the falling tone optical modulator issues the described second cooling pumping laser and enters
The second integral ball；The digital signal processor passes through the third acousto-optic modulator and the falling tone optical modulator point
The timing of the described first cooling pumping laser and the second cooling pumping laser is not controlled.
7. pulse integration ball atomic clock system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further comprise the first magnetic screen dress
Set with the second magnetic shielding device, be provided with the first field coil, second magnetic shielding device in first magnetic shielding device
It is inside provided with the second field coil, the first integral ball is set to the first magnetic shielding device, and the second integral ball is set to
Second magnetic shielding device.
8. pulse integration ball atomic clock system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that when the work of the first integral ball
Cooling, pumping and the detection time in freely develop time and the second integral ball working sequence in sequence is at least partly heavy
It closes, in cooling, pumping and the detection time and the second integral ball working sequence in the working sequence of the first integral ball
Time of freely developing at least partly be overlapped.
9. pulse integration ball atomic clock system as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the first integral ball and described the
Two integrating spheres alternately can lock the crystal oscillator, so that when the first integral ball is in free Evolution States, described second
Integrating sphere is in cooling, laser pump (ing) state；When the first integral ball is in cooling, laser pump (ing) state, described second
Integrating sphere is in free Evolution States.
10. pulse integration ball atomic clock system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the crystal oscillator is crystal oscillator.
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| CN107994901A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-05-04 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Frequency stability is according to τ-1The atomic clock of change |
| JP2019121853A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-22 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Atomic oscillator, frequency signal generation system, and magnetic field control method for atomic oscillator |
Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5929994A (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 1999-07-27 | Ahead Optoelectronics, Inc. | Intergrating sphere ellipsometer |
| CN102629872A (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-08-08 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Integrating sphere cooling and microwave integrating cavity |
| CN102868400A (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2013-01-09 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Cylindrical cavity device for cooling atoms |
| CN104506140A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-04-08 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Constant temperature crystal oscillator high-precision frequency control device and control method thereof |
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2017
- 2017-01-10 CN CN201710015496.3A patent/CN106873352B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5929994A (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 1999-07-27 | Ahead Optoelectronics, Inc. | Intergrating sphere ellipsometer |
| CN102629872A (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-08-08 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Integrating sphere cooling and microwave integrating cavity |
| CN102868400A (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2013-01-09 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Cylindrical cavity device for cooling atoms |
| CN104506140A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-04-08 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Constant temperature crystal oscillator high-precision frequency control device and control method thereof |
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