CN106873038B - A method of extracting Depth Domain seismic wavelet from Depth Domain seismic data - Google Patents
A method of extracting Depth Domain seismic wavelet from Depth Domain seismic data Download PDFInfo
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- CN106873038B CN106873038B CN201710152407.XA CN201710152407A CN106873038B CN 106873038 B CN106873038 B CN 106873038B CN 201710152407 A CN201710152407 A CN 201710152407A CN 106873038 B CN106873038 B CN 106873038B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V1/44—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators and receivers in the same well
- G01V1/48—Processing data
- G01V1/50—Analysing data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/61—Analysis by combining or comparing a seismic data set with other data
- G01V2210/616—Data from specific type of measurement
- G01V2210/6169—Data from specific type of measurement using well-logging
Abstract
The present invention realizes a kind of using Ridge Regression Method, the method of Depth Domain seismic wavelet is extracted from Depth Domain seismic data, thus it calculates corresponding reflection coefficient r the following steps are included: 1) obtain depth, speed and density information from the log data of certain mouthful of well；2) the seismic trace near well collection s of the well is extracted from pre-stack depth migration seismic data, and chooses a constant velocity vcAs standard speed, the transformation of speed, depth parameter is carried out to the seismic trace near well collection s of selection, linearly invariant condition is complied with, obtains transformed seismic trace near well collection s'；3) reflection coefficient r is mapped on transformed depth location becomes r'；4) suitable ridge parameter α is chosen, extracts seismic wavelet with Ridge Regression Modeling Method.Method of the invention is directly to extract Depth Domain seismic wavelet using Depth Domain seismic data, and the Depth Domain seismic wavelet precision extracted is high, without carrying out the mutual conversion of time to Depth Domain, depth to time-domain to Depth Domain seismic data.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil seismic exploration data processing and interpretation field, especially with regard to one kind from Depth Domain earthquake number
According to the middle method for extracting Depth Domain seismic wavelet.
Background technique
Prestack depth migration has been successfully applied in actual seismic exploration, and pre-stack depth migration ratio
Pre-stack time migration in image quality with greater advantage, for the Depth Domain seismic data obtained from pre-stack depth migration
The elastic parameter on middle inverting stratum needs that Depth Domain log data and Depth Domain seismic wavelet is directly utilized to generate Depth Domain synthesis
Earthquake record demarcates Depth Domain seismic data with Depth Domain synthetic seismogram, to carry out reservoir prediction etc..Depth Domain earthquake
The extraction of wavelet is a very crucial portion during the inverting of Depth Domain seismologic parameter, deconvolution, Seismic forward etc. science and engineering are made
Point, the quality of Depth Domain seismic wavelet extraction is directly related to the availability and value of Depth Domain seismic data.
Traditional seismic wavelet extraction algorithm is mainly the time-domain seismic wavelet extracted from time-domain seismic data, is led to
It is often based on convolution model, the basic assumption of convolution model is linearly invariant, i.e., wavelet is stable in communication process,
Constant, therefore, Yao Jinhang convolution operation must satisfy the condition of linear time invariant system.And in Depth Domain, underground is different
Space is different with the seismic wave propagation speed of depth location, and seismic waveform necessarily changes, and the wave number and ground of seismic wavelet
Seismic wave propagation velocities are inversely proportional, therefore, the invariant feature when seismic wave field in Depth Domain is unsatisfactory for, and therefore, traditional ground
Shake wavelet extraction algorithm does not meet convolution operation condition in Depth Domain, it is also not possible to directly in Depth Domain seismic data
Extract Depth Domain seismic wavelet.
Traditional time-domain methods of seismic wavelet extraction can be divided into two classes: first is that Deterministic Methods, that is, utilize well-log information
Reflection coefficient is calculated, seeks wavelet in conjunction with seismic trace near well；Second is that statistical method, that is, utilize statistical principle, antithetical phrase
Wave makes certain it is assumed that extracting wavelet using seismic trace signal.The advantages of two class methods have their own advantages and disadvantage, Deterministic Methods
Without to stratum impulse response do it is any it is assumed that also can extract accurate wavelet, the disadvantage is that by the shadow of well-log information
Sound is larger；Statistical method directly can also be extracted using the statistical property of seismic trace signal in the case where no well-log information
Wavelet, the disadvantage is that needing to make stratum impulse response the hypothesis of some statistics.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method based on ridge regression, from Depth Domain seismic data
In directly extract Depth Domain seismic wavelet, without carrying out the conversion of time to depth, depth to time again.
To achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: one kind extracting depth from Depth Domain seismic data
The method of domain seismic wavelet comprising following steps: (1) obtaining depth, speed and density information from certain mouthful of borehole logging tool data,
Thus corresponding reflection coefficient r is calculated；(2) the seismic trace near well collection of this mouthful of well is selected from pre-stack depth migration seismic data
S, while choosing a constant velocity vc, and using the constant velocity as standard speed, to the seismic trace near well collection s of selection carry out speed,
The transformation of depth parameter complies with the condition of linearly invariant, obtains transformed seismic trace near well collection s'；(3) it is by reflection
Number r, which is mapped on transformed depth location, becomes r'；(4) suitable ridge parameter α is chosen, extracts Depth Domain with Ridge Regression Modeling Method
Seismic wavelet.
(2) above-mentioned steps are to convert according to the following formula to speed, the depth of Depth Domain seismic trace near well, it is made to meet line
Constant condition when property:
In formula, d is the depth sampling interval of log data, dcIt is the transformed depth value of d, vcIt is standard constant velocity, vmax
It is the maximum speed being recorded in logging speed data.Then, with transformed sampling interval dcSeismic trace near well collection s is carried out
Resampling, so that s is transformed to s'.
The realization of above-mentioned steps (3), be by step (1) in the corresponding depth of reflection coefficient that is calculated:
By step (2) transformed depth are as follows:
In formula, n is the depth-sampling points of log data, and h is the depth location of log data record, hcIt is transformed
Depth location.When reflection coefficient r is mapped to transformed depth location, the value of reflection coefficient is constant, i.e. r=r'.
Above-mentioned steps (4) in, indicated by transformed Depth Domain seismic convolution model with following vector form:
S=RW
In formula, S is the column vector constructed by transformed seismic trace near well collection s', and R is by the reflection system after depth conversion
The Toeplitz matrix of number r' building, W is Depth Domain seismic wavelet vector to be sought.
In order to obtain in above formula W unique solution, the method that the method for the present invention uses ridge regression, i.e., to following formula without constraint most
Smallization problem optimizes:
min||S-RW||2+α||W2||
In formula, α is ridge parameter, α > 0.
The parsing of above formula minimization problem can be solved using following formula by selecting suitable α value in actually calculating
Solve W:
W=(RRT+αI)-1RTS
The present invention is due to taking above technical scheme, its advantage is that depth directly can be extracted using Depth Domain seismic data
Domain seismic wavelet.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is synthesis Depth Domain geological model and Depth Domain earthquake record, and wherein Fig. 1 a is the depth comprising multiple stratum
Domain rate pattern, abscissa are velocity of longitudinal wave, and unit is meter per second, and ordinate is depth, and unit is rice, depth sampling interval 1
Rice；Fig. 1 b is Depth Domain synthetic seismogram corresponding with Fig. 1 a, and ordinate is depth, and unit is rice.
Fig. 2 is the result that Depth Domain seismic wavelet is extracted to the Depth Domain synthetic seismogram in Fig. 1.Wherein, Fig. 2 a couple
It is used in the Depth Domain seismic wavelet (being shown as solid line) and synthesis Depth Domain earthquake record extracted than method of the invention
Original depth domain seismic wavelet (being shown as dotted line), abscissa is depth, and unit is rice, and ordinate is amplitude；Fig. 2 b comparison
Used in the Depth Domain seismic wavelet (being shown as solid line) and synthesis Depth Domain earthquake record that method of the invention is extracted
The wave-number spectrum of original depth domain seismic wavelet (being shown as dotted line), abscissa are wave number, and unit is the one of rice point, and ordinate is vibration
Width.
Fig. 3 is to extract Depth Domain earthquake to somewhere sea Depth Domain angular-trace gather seismic data using method of the invention
The result of wavelet, wherein Fig. 3 a is the prestack depth domain angular-trace gather seismic data of this area, and ordinate is depth, depth model
Enclosing is 3550 meters~3975 meters, depth sampling interval 5m, and abscissa is angle, unit degree of being.Fig. 3 b is using of the invention
The Depth Domain seismic wavelet that method extracts the data of Fig. 3 a, abscissa is depth, and unit is rice, and ordinate is amplitude.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
A kind of method for extracting Depth Domain seismic wavelet from Depth Domain seismic data of the invention, comprising the following steps:
(1), using depth, speed and the density information of the log data for certain mouthful of well handled well, reflection is calculated according to the following formula
Coefficient:
In formula, riIt is the Depth Domain reflection coefficient of i-th layer with i+1 bed boundary, ρiIt is i-th layer of density, viIt is i-th layer
Speed.
(2) the seismic trace near well collection of the well is chosen from pre-stack depth migration seismic data, while a constant velocity is set and is made
The transformation of speed, depth parameter is carried out to Depth Domain seismic trace near well collection according to the following formula for standard speed, meets it linear
When constant condition:
In formula, d is the depth sampling interval of log data, dcIt is the transformed depth value of d, vcIt is standard constant velocity, vmax
It is the maximum speed being recorded in logging speed data.Then, with transformed sampling interval dcSeismic trace near well collection s is carried out
Resampling, so that s is transformed to s'.
(3) the corresponding depth of reflection coefficient in step (1) are as follows:
By step (2) transformed depth are as follows:
In formula, n is the depth-sampling points of log data, and h is the depth location of log data record, hcIt is transformed
Depth location.When reflection coefficient r is mapped to transformed depth location, the value of reflection coefficient is constant, i.e. r=r'.
(4) the seismic convolution model Jing Guo transformed Depth Domain can be expressed with the form of vector are as follows:
S=RW
In formula, S is the column vector constructed by transformed seismic trace near well collection s', and R is by the reflection system after depth conversion
The Toeplitz matrix of number r' building, W is Depth Domain seismic wavelet vector to be sought.
In order to obtain in above formula W unique solution, the method for the present invention use the method based on ridge regression, i.e., to following formula without constraint
Minimization problem optimizes:
min||S-RW||2+α||W2||
In formula, α is ridge parameter, α > 0.
The parsing of above formula minimization problem can be solved using following formula by selecting suitable α value in actually calculating
Solve W:
W=(RRT+αI)-1RTS
Depth Domain seismic wavelet is extracted from Depth Domain seismic data to one kind of the invention below by specific embodiment
Method be described further.
It is artificial synthesized Depth Domain multilayer rate pattern shown in Fig. 1 a, minimum interval velocity is 2000 meter per seconds, maximum layer speed
Degree is 4200 meter per seconds, and 440 meters of depth direction, depth sampling interval is 1 meter.Fig. 1 b be Depth Domain corresponding with Fig. 1 a synthetically
Shake record, from Fig. 1 b as it can be seen that in Depth Domain, secondary lobe of the seismic reflection wavelet in reflecting interface two sides be it is asymmetric, it
It is directly proportional to the velocity magnitude on interface two sides stratum, i.e., formation velocity is bigger, and the secondary lobe of seismic reflection wavelet is wider.Therefore,
Depth Domain Seismic reflective waveform can broaden with the increase of formation velocity.
It is that Depth Domain earthquake is extracted to the Depth Domain synthetic seismogram in Fig. 1 b using method of the invention shown in Fig. 2
Wavelet (in figure solid line indicate) as a result, and with the original seismic wavelet of Depth Domain used in synthesis Depth Domain earthquake record (in figure
Dotted line indicates) it compares.In fig. 2 a, the Depth Domain seismic wavelet (solid line expression) and depth that method of the invention is extracted
The related coefficient of the original seismic wavelet in domain (dotted line expression) has reached 0.9963；In addition, from Fig. 2 b as it can be seen that method of the invention mentions
The wave-number spectrum (dotted line expression) of the wave-number spectrum (solid line expression) and the original seismic wavelet of Depth Domain of the Depth Domain seismic wavelet taken
Spectrum distribution characteristic is very close, illustrates that the Depth Domain seismic wavelet that method of the invention is extracted has very high precision.
Fig. 3 is to extract Depth Domain earthquake to somewhere sea Depth Domain angular-trace gather seismic data using method of the invention
Wavelet as a result, from Fig. 3 b as it can be seen that the Depth Domain seismic wavelet that method of the invention is extracted from the seismic data of actual depth domain
Quality be very high.
The various embodiments described above are merely to illustrate the present invention, and wherein each implementation steps etc. of method are all that can be varied
, all equivalents and improvement carried out based on the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded in protection of the invention
Except range.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for extracting Depth Domain seismic wavelet from Depth Domain seismic data comprising following steps:
1) depth, speed and density information are obtained from certain mouthful of borehole logging tool data, thus calculates corresponding reflection coefficient r；
2) the seismic trace near well collection s of this mouthful of well is selected from pre-stack depth migration seismic data, while choosing a constant velocity vc,
And using the constant velocity as standard speed, the transformation of speed, depth parameter is carried out to the seismic trace near well collection s of selection, is complied with
The condition of linearly invariant obtains transformed seismic trace near well collection s'；
3) reflection coefficient r is mapped on transformed depth location becomes r'；
4) Depth Domain seismic wavelet is extracted using s' and r', realized according to the following procedure:
Firstly, by being expressed by the form of transformed Depth Domain seismic convolution model vector are as follows:
In formula,It is the column vector constructed by transformed seismic trace near well collection s', R is by the reflection coefficient r' after depth conversion
The Toeplitz matrix of building,It is Depth Domain seismic wavelet vector to be sought；
In order to obtain in above formulaUnique solution, following formula unconstrained minimization problem is optimized:
In formula, α is ridge parameter, α > 0；
In actually calculating, suitable α value is determined according to the characteristics of real data, above formula minimization problem is solved using following formula
Analytic solutions
In formula, RTIt is the transposed matrix of matrix R, I is unit matrix, ()-1Indicate the inversion operation to matrix.
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| CN107193040A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-09-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | The determination method and apparatus of Depth Domain synthetic seismogram |
| CN108459350B (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-10-25 | 成都理工大学 | A kind of integral method that Depth Domain seismic wavelet extraction is synthesized with earthquake record |
| CN109856672B (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-09-20 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Transient wave packet extracting method, storage medium and terminal based on depth wave-number spectrum |
| CN110146923B (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2020-10-09 | 成都理工大学 | High-efficiency high-precision depth domain seismic wavelet extraction method |
| CN110988986B (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2021-01-01 | 成都理工大学 | Seismic data low-frequency enhancement method for improving deep carbonate reservoir description precision |
| CN111708082B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2022-04-12 | 成都理工大学 | Depth domain seismic wavelet extraction method along with depth change |
| CN111708083B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2022-04-15 | 成都理工大学 | Depth domain seismic wavelet extraction method based on model |
| CN114200522B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2024-04-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Depth domain seismic wavelet extraction method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment |
| CN114545523B (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2023-03-24 | 成都理工大学 | Depth domain well logging and seismic data direct calibration method |
| CN114910955B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2023-06-23 | 电子科技大学 | Data-driven seismic deconvolution method based on error constraint and sparse representation |
| CN116755141B (en) * | 2023-04-18 | 2024-03-29 | 成都捷科思石油天然气技术发展有限公司 | Depth domain seismic wavelet extraction method |
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