CN106872573B - A kind of vibration measuring belt surface defect identification method based on rotor axial Model of Heat Expansion - Google Patents
A kind of vibration measuring belt surface defect identification method based on rotor axial Model of Heat Expansion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of vibration measuring belt surface defect identification method based on rotor axial Model of Heat Expansion, the vibration measuring belt surface defect fault model induced by rotor axial thermal expansion is constructed first, axial heat expansion is simulated in a model, axial exciting force, the assumed condition of vibration measuring belt surface " cone " defect, realize the pseudo- vibration fault Analysis on Mechanism to vibration measuring belt surface defect inducing, and the feature for identifying such failure is proposed using shaft core position figure, and then realize accurately identifying to the vibration measuring belt surface defect induced by rotor axial thermal expansion, the present invention improves the accuracy and recognition efficiency to the diagnosis of rotating machinery puppet vibration problem.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technology for mechanical fault diagnosis fields, and in particular to a kind of survey based on rotor axial Model of Heat Expansion
Shake belt surface defect identification method.
Background technique
Contactless vibration displacement sensor such as eddy current displacement sensor, capacitance displacement sensor etc. has installation side
Just, the advantages that signaling path is simple, signal-to-noise ratio is high, is therefore widely used in the vibration measurement of rotating machinery.Due to
Characteristic with non-cpntact measurement, the actual measurement result of these sensors be easy to by rotor oscillation detect surface quality with
And the influence of peripheral environment, so that easily occurring pseudo- vibration signal in measuring signal.Once pseudo- vibration signal and true vibration
After signal phase aliasing, the features such as vibration equipment shows high-amplitude or obvious fluctuation will be induced, even results in equipment appearance sometimes
The unplanned property stopping accidents such as vehicle are jumped, continuous, steady, the safe operation of equipment are drastically influenced.Therefore, equipment is accurately identified
Pseudo- vibration fault for prevention apparatus non-programmed halt, improve malfunction elimination efficiency, prevent overequipment maintenance etc. have it is important
Engineering value.
It induces equipment and many because being known as of pseudo- vibration problem occurs, wherein rotor vibration measuring surface defect is the most common reason
One of, the form of expression also has diversity.For example, when there are local pit or salient point in vibration detection surface, pseudo- vibration signal
It often appears as there are periodically pulsing signal on vibrational waveform, the failure-frequency of signal generally turns frequency and higher order harmonics；
When the mechanically or electrically bounce on vibration detection surface is overproof, equipment often show as in low speed jiggering shaft vibration amplitude compared with
Greatly.It is often needed in rotor manufacturing process since vibration detection surface defect causes equipment to generate pseudo- vibration signal in order to prevent
Strict inspection and control are carried out to the mechanical and electrical bounce of radial direction in vibration detection surface region, to ensure sensor
False signal specific gravity is smaller in the vibration signal of acquisition, signal-to-noise ratio with higher, can protrude the true mechanical breakdown of reflection.So
And existing vibration measuring band examines the bounce that can not ensure to vibrate actually detected surface completely with detection method qualified.Either
The mechanical and electrical glitch detection to rotor oscillation detection surface in manufactory, or rotor shakes in low speed operational process
Dynamic measurement, substantially all just for single section, they are all ignored during the practical run with load of equipment these detection methods
The influence of axial vibration and the synergy of vibration measuring belt surface defect to vibration measurement.Especially when physical device is thermally expanded
Influence when, the actual detection surface of rotor oscillation often with design, manufacture, detection when in the presence of very big otherness, it is traditional
Determination method is unable to judge accurately the actually detected surface of rotor oscillation with the presence or absence of defect at all, examines to equipment precision failure
Disconnected bring greatly is perplexed.Therefore, supplementing, improving existing vibration measuring belt surface defect inspection method is to improve the vibration of rotating machinery puppet
The problem of fault identification efficiency and accuracy urgent need to resolve.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the above prior art, it is swollen based on rotor axial heat that the object of the present invention is to provide one kind
The vibration measuring belt surface defect identification method of swollen model is realized to the vibration measuring belt surface defect induced by rotor axial thermal expansion
It accurately identifies.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of vibration measuring belt surface defect identification method based on rotor axial Model of Heat Expansion, comprising the following steps:
1) the vibration measuring belt surface defect fault model induced by rotor axial thermal expansion is constructed, which includes passing through rigidity
Shaft coupling C couples A rotor and B rotor, and two rotors are all made of sliding bearing support, to sliding bearing number consecutively from left to right, A
Rotor is provided at thrust bearing #5, #1 a bearing by #1, #2 bearing support, B rotor by #3, #4 bearing support, B rotor right side
Vibration measuring band be arranged on a shaft shoulder of A rotor, the right side of the vibration measuring band there are the minor surface defect of one " cone ",
The bevel edge of the defect vertical section and the angle of A rotor axis line are β, install two at the vibration measuring band of #1 bearing and are mutually perpendicular to
Current vortex sensor X, Y for measure vibration, while also install a key phase K to obtain key phase reference signal, in A
It is K that axial direction on the left of rotor, which has a rigidity,zSpring D, when applying exciting force F in the axial of A rotor right endzWhen, A turns
Son will be Z along the axial amplitude that occurs0Low amplitude vibrations；It is assumed that the initial temperature of B rotor is T0, in the process of running, B rotor
Temperature T is gradually increased and eventually settles to T2, after B rotor is heated in expansion process, directed force F will be generated to A rotorB, make to sense
The relative position of device X, Y and vibration measuring band changes, in T0To T2In range, FBWith temperature T at monotonic increase relationship, do not examining
In the case where considering axial vibration, work as T=T0When, sensors X, Y are located at the section S of intact vibration measuring band0Place；Work as T=T1When, sensing
The intact vibration measuring band section S that device X, Y are located at1Place, S1Distance to defect vibration measuring with left side edge is Z0/2；Work as T=T2When, it passes
Sensor X, Y are located at the section S of defect vibration measuring band2Place, S2Distance to defect vibration measuring with left side edge is a；Vibration measuring band at #1 bearing
It is sufficiently wide that sensors X, Y is made to be in vibration measuring region always, and mechanical, the electrical out-of-roundness of radial direction is neglected in vibration measuring region
Slightly disregard；
2) electric using sensors X, the Gap of Y at vibration monitoring device measuring #1 bearing in the case where A rotor remains static
Pressure is-V0, the DC component D of sensors X, Y acquisition signalrx、DryFor d0=-1000 × V0/7.87um；A rotor is allowed to turn frequency
ω is rotated, and A rotor is acted in uneven exciting force occurs radial synchronous vibration, and the synchronous vibration component of generation is Arx=
A1sin(ωt+α1)/2、Ary=A2sin(ωt+α1+ pi/2)/2, wherein A1、A2Indicate the amplitude of synchronous vibration, t is time ginseng
Number, α1Indicate the initial phase of synchronous vibration；
3) apply axial application exciting force F at A rotor coupling endz, make A rotor that axial vibration A occur along axialz, excitation
Power FzIn axial excitation frequencies omegazLess than frequency ω is turned, the pseudo- oscillating component that axial vibration induces sensors X, Y is generated is Azx、
Azy；
4) sensors X at key phase and #1 bearing, Y are connect using vibration monitoring equipment, acquires key signal in real time
With the vibration signal at #1 bearing, it is synchronous vibration component A that sensors X, which obtains vibration signal,rx, pseudo- oscillating component AzxAnd direct current
Component DrxSuperposition, expression formula Ax=Arx+Azx+Drx, it is A that sensor Y, which obtains vibration signal,y=Ary+Azy+Dry；
5) make the temperature of B rotor from T0It gradually rises to T2, the heat expansion power F of B rotor expanded by heating generationBMake A rotor to the left
Shifted by delta z=FB/Kz, the relative position of sensors X, Y and vibration measuring band is gradually changed, T is worked as0< T < T1When, sensors X, Y
Gap voltages keep constant value-V0, DC component Drx(T)、Dry(T) value d is kept constant0；Work as T1≤T≤T2When, DC component Drx
(T)、Dry(T) it increases and successively decreases with temperature T；Work as T=T2When, Drx(T)=Dry(T)=d0-a·tanβ；At different temperatures, weight
Multiple step 4) is until temperature T is increased to T2；
6) DC component D is extracted from the vibration signal that sensors X, Y are acquired under the conditions of different temperaturesrx(T)、Dry(T),
Shaft core position figure is drawn in rectangular co-ordinate, when T is from T0Increase to T1In the process, DC component Drx(T)、Dry(T) it keeps constant
Value, shaft core position figure show that the corresponding vibration measuring belt surface of sensors X, Y is intact without significant change；When T is from T1Increase to T2Process
In, the shaft core position at #1 bearing is gradually distance from initial position, shows as " straight line " variation tendency, and this feature illustrates vibration measuring band table
The average distance of face and sensor is substantially change with B temperature of rotor T variation, can be used in accurately identifying by rotor axial system heat
The vibration measuring belt surface defect induced is expanded, realizes the accurate diagnosis to puppet vibration problem caused by the defect.
β is between 0 ° to 60 ° in the step 1).
B temperature of rotor T is between 20 ° to 600 ° in the step 1).
Gap Initial Voltage Value-the V of sensors X in the step 2), Y0Between -7V to -13V.
The invention has the benefit that the vibration measuring belt surface defect fault model that building is induced by rotor axial thermal expansion,
Realize the Analysis on Mechanism to the pseudo- vibration fault of vibration measuring belt surface defect inducing, and it is such using shaft core position figure to propose identification
The feature of failure, and then accurately identifying to the vibration measuring belt surface defect induced by rotor axial thermal expansion is realized, it improves
To the accuracy and recognition efficiency of rotating machinery puppet vibration diagnosis, be it is existing to rotary machinery fault diagnosis it is theoretical, method into
One step is improved and supplement.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the vibration measuring belt surface defect fault model schematic diagram induced by rotor axial thermal expansion.
Fig. 2 is the partial enlargement diagram of vibration measuring band at #1 bearing.
Fig. 3 is temperature T=T0When #1 bearing at sensors X, Y vibration signal Ax、AyWaveform and frequency spectrum.
Fig. 4 is temperature T=T2When #1 bearing at sensors X, Y vibration signal Ax、AyWaveform and frequency spectrum.
Fig. 5 is temperature T from T0Increase to T2The shaft core position figure of #1 bearing in the process.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
A kind of vibration measuring belt surface defect identification method based on rotor axial Model of Heat Expansion, comprising the following steps:
1) the vibration measuring belt surface defect fault model induced by rotor axial thermal expansion is constructed, it as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, should
Model includes coupling A rotor and B rotor by positive coupling C, and two rotors are all made of sliding bearing support, to sliding bearing from
Left-to-right number consecutively, A rotor are provided with one and are pushed away by #1, #2 bearing support, B rotor by #3, #4 bearing support, B rotor right side
Vibration measuring band at power bearing #5, #1 bearing is arranged on a shaft shoulder of A rotor, and there are " a circular cones on the right side of the vibration measuring band
The minor surface defect of shape ", the bevel edge of the defect vertical section and the angle of A rotor axis line are β, in the vibration measuring band of #1 bearing
Two orthogonal current vortex sensor X, Y install for measuring vibration in place, while installing a key phase K also to obtain
Key phase reference signal is taken, it is K that the axial direction on the left of A rotor, which has a rigidity,zSpring D, when the axial direction in A rotor right end
Apply exciting force FzWhen, A rotor will be Z along the axial amplitude that occurs0Low amplitude vibrations, it is assumed that the initial temperature of B rotor be T0,
In operational process, the temperature T of B rotor is gradually increased and eventually settles to T2, will be to A rotor after B rotor is heated in expansion process
Generate directed force FB, the relative position of sensors X, Y and vibration measuring band will be made to change, in T0To T2In range, FBWith temperature T
At monotonic increase relationship, in the case where not considering axial vibration, work as T=T0When, sensors X, Y are located at cutting for intact vibration measuring band
Face S0Place；Work as T=T1When, the intact vibration measuring that sensors X, Y are located at is with section S1Place, S1To defect vibration measuring with left side edge away from
From for Z0/2；Work as T=T2When, sensors X, Y are located at the section S of defect vibration measuring band2Place, S2To defect vibration measuring with left side edge
Distance is a；Vibration measuring band is sufficiently wide at #1 bearing makes sensors X, Y be in vibration measuring region, and radial direction side in vibration measuring region always
To mechanical, electrical out-of-roundness ignore；
2) electric using sensors X, the Gap of Y at vibration monitoring device measuring #1 bearing in the case where A rotor remains static
Pressure is -10V, the DC component D of sensors X, Y acquisition signalrx、DryFor d0=-1000 × 10/7.87um；From the direction H (radial direction)
Observation A rotor is rotated in a clockwise direction with turning frequency ω=25Hz, and A rotor is acted in uneven exciting force occurs radial synchronous vibration
Dynamic, the supporting system rigidity anisotropy of #1 bearing, it is respectively A that sensors X, Y, which generate synchronous vibration component,rx、Ary, expression
Shown in formula such as formula (1):
3) the axial frequency that applies at A rotor coupling end is ωzThe single sinusoidal excitation power F of=5Hzz, make A rotor edge
It is axial that amplitude Z occurs0The axial vibration A of=100umz, as shown in formula (2)；When sensors X, Y are in intact vibration measuring band section S0
When, Azx=Azy=0, β=10 ° are taken, when sensors X, Y are in the section S of defect vibration measuring band2When place, axial vibration induces sensing
The pseudo- oscillating component that device X, Y are generated is Azx、Azy, shown in expression formula such as formula (3):
Az=100sin (10 π/4 π t+)/2 (2)
Azx=Azy=AzTan β °=100sin (10 π/4 π t+) tan10 °/2 (3)
4) sensors X at key phase and #1 bearing, Y are connect using vibration monitoring equipment, acquires key signal in real time
With the vibration signal at #1 bearing, it is synchronous vibration component A that sensors X, which obtains vibration signal,rx, DC component Drx, pseudo- vibration point
Measure AzxSuperposition, as B temperature of rotor T=T0When, sensors X, Y acquisition signal AyWith AxExpression formula such as formula (4) shown in, to #
Vibration signal at 1 bearing carries out discrete sampling complete cycle, sample frequency 12800Hz, sampling time 0.64s, waveform with
Frequency spectrum is as shown in Figure 3:
5) make the temperature of B rotor from T0It gradually rises to T2, the heat expansion power F of B rotor expanded by heating generationBMake A rotor to the left
Shifted by delta z=FB/Kz, the relative position of sensors X, Y and vibration measuring band is gradually changed, T is worked as0< T < T1When, sensors X, Y
Gap voltages keep constant value -10V, DC component Drx(T)、Dry(T) value d is kept constant0；Work as T1≤T≤T2When, DC component
Drx(T)、Dry(T) it increases and successively decreases with temperature T；A=1mm is taken, T=T is worked as2When:
Drx(T2)=Dry(T2)=- 1000 × 10/7.87-1000 × 1 × tan10 °=- 1447um
The signal A that sensors X, Y are acquiredxWith AyExpression formula such as formula (5) shown in, waveform is as shown in Figure 4 with frequency spectrum；?
Under different temperatures, step 4) is repeated until temperature T is increased to T2；
6) DC component D is extracted from the vibration signal that sensors X, Y are acquired under the conditions of different temperaturesrx(T)、Dry(T),
Temperature T is drawn in rectangular co-ordinate from T0Increase to T2The shaft core position figure of process, as shown in Figure 5: when T is from T0Increase to T1It crosses
Cheng Zhong, DC component Drx(T)、Dry(T) value is kept constant, shaft core position figure shows that sensors X, Y are corresponding without significant change
Vibration measuring belt surface is intact；Shaft core position at #1 bearing is gradually distance from initial position, shows as " straight line " variation tendency, this feature
Illustrate that the average distance of vibration measuring belt surface and sensor is substantially change with B temperature of rotor T variation, can be used for accurately identifying
The vibration measuring belt surface defect induced by rotor axial system thermal expansion, realizes the accurate diagnosis to puppet vibration problem caused by the defect.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of vibration measuring belt surface defect identification method based on rotor axial Model of Heat Expansion, which is characterized in that including following
Step:
1) the rotor axial Model of Heat Expansion of vibration measuring belt surface existing defects is constructed, which includes joining by positive coupling C
Connect A rotor and B rotor, two rotors are all made of sliding bearing support, and to sliding bearing number consecutively from left to right, A rotor is by #
1, #2 bearing support, B rotor are provided with the vibration measuring at thrust bearing #5, #1 a bearing by #3, #4 bearing support, B rotor right side
Band is arranged on a shaft shoulder of A rotor, and the right part of the vibration measuring band is in cone, using the cone as the table of vibration measuring band
Planar defect, the bevel edge of the defect vertical section and the angle of A rotor axis line are β, and two are installed at the vibration measuring band of #1 bearing
Orthogonal current vortex sensor X, Y also install a key phase K and are mutually referred to obtaining key for measuring vibration
Signal, it is K that the axial direction on the left of A rotor, which has a rigidity,zSpring D, when applying exciting force in the axial of A rotor right end
FzWhen, A rotor will be Z along the axial amplitude that occurs0Low amplitude vibrations；It is assumed that the initial temperature of B rotor is T0, in the process of running,
The temperature T of B rotor is gradually increased and eventually settles to T2, after B rotor is heated in expansion process, active force will be generated to A rotor
FB, so that the relative position of sensors X, Y and vibration measuring band is changed, in T0To T2In range, FBIt is closed with temperature T at monotonic increase
System, in the case where not considering axial vibration, works as T=T0When, sensors X, Y are located at the section S of intact vibration measuring band0Place；Work as T=
T1When, the intact vibration measuring that sensors X, Y are located at is with section S1Place, S1Distance to defect vibration measuring with left side edge is Z0/2；Work as T
=T2When, sensors X, Y are located at the section S of defect vibration measuring band2Place, S2Distance to defect vibration measuring with left side edge is a；#1 axis
The place's of holding vibration measuring band is sufficiently wide to make sensors X, Y be in vibration measuring region always, and in vibration measuring region radial direction it is mechanical, electrical
Out-of-roundness is ignored；
2) in the case where A rotor remains static, the sensors X at the vibration measuring band of vibration monitoring device measuring #1 bearing, Y are utilized
Gap voltage is-V0, the DC component D of sensors X, Y acquisition signalrx、DryFor d0=-1000 × V0/7.87um；Allow A rotor with
Turn frequency ω to be rotated, A rotor is acted in uneven exciting force occurs radial synchronous vibration, and the synchronous vibration component of generation is Arx
=A1sin(ωt+α1)/2、Ary=A2sin(ωt+α1+ pi/2)/2, wherein A1、A2Indicate the amplitude of synchronous vibration, t is time ginseng
Number, α1Indicate the initial phase of synchronous vibration；
3) apply axial exciting force F at A rotor coupling endz, make A rotor that axial vibration A occur along axialz, exciting force FzAxis
To excited frequency ωzLess than frequency ω is turned, the pseudo- oscillating component that axial vibration induces sensors X, Y is generated is Azx、Azy；
4) sensors X at the vibration measuring band of key phase and #1 bearing, Y are connect using vibration monitoring equipment, acquire key phase in real time
Vibration signal at signal and #1 bearing, it is synchronous vibration component A that sensors X, which obtains vibration signal,rx, pseudo- oscillating component AzxAnd
DC component DrxSuperposition, expression formula Ax=Arx+Azx+Drx, it is A that sensor Y, which obtains vibration signal,y=Ary+Azy+Dry；
5) make the temperature of B rotor from T0It gradually rises to T2, the heat expansion power F of B rotor expanded by heating generationBDeviate A rotor to the left
Δ z=FB/Kz, the relative position of sensors X, Y and vibration measuring band is gradually changed, T is worked as0< T < T1When, the Gap electricity of sensors X, Y
Pressure keeps constant value-V0, DC component Drx(T)、Dry(T) value d is kept constant0；Work as T1≤T≤T2When, DC component Drx(T)、
Dry(T) it increases and successively decreases with temperature T；Work as T=T2When, Drx(T)=Dry(T)=d0-a·tanβ；At different temperatures, it repeats to walk
It is rapid 4) until temperature T be increased to T2；
6) DC component D is extracted from the vibration signal that sensors X, Y are acquired under the conditions of different temperaturesrx(T)、Dry(T), at right angle
Shaft core position figure is drawn in coordinate, when T is from T0Increase to T1In the process, DC component Drx(T)、Dry(T) value, axle center are kept constant
The location drawing shows that the corresponding vibration measuring belt surface of sensors X, Y is intact without significant change；When T is from T1Increase to T2In the process, #1 axis
The shaft core position at the place of holding is gradually distance from initial position, shows as " straight line " variation tendency, and this feature illustrates vibration measuring belt surface and passes
The average distance of sensor is substantially change with B temperature of rotor T variation, can be used in accurately identifying vibration measuring belt surface defect, real
Now to the accurate diagnosis of puppet vibration problem caused by the defect.
2. a kind of vibration measuring belt surface defect identification method based on rotor axial Model of Heat Expansion according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: β is between 0 ° to 60 ° in the step 1).
3. a kind of vibration measuring belt surface defect identification method based on rotor axial Model of Heat Expansion according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: B temperature of rotor T is between 20 ° to 600 ° in the step 1).
4. a kind of vibration measuring belt surface defect identification method based on rotor axial Model of Heat Expansion according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: the Gap Initial Voltage Value-V of sensors X in the step 2), Y0Between -7V to -13V.
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| CN106441840B (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-07-20 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of pseudo- subsynchronous failure holographic diagnostics method of the rotating machinery based on model |
| CN107478724A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-12-15 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of main pump main shaft of nuclear power station surface defect measurement apparatus and method |
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