CN106872407B - A kind of raising frequency sweep optical coherent chromatographic imaging resolution method - Google Patents
A kind of raising frequency sweep optical coherent chromatographic imaging resolution method Download PDFInfo
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
- G01N21/45—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N2021/0106—General arrangement of respective parts
- G01N2021/0112—Apparatus in one mechanical, optical or electronic block
Abstract
A kind of raising frequency sweep optical coherent chromatographic imaging resolution method, this method need to obtain a standard k-clock signal by experiment, and the delay for needing the k-clock signal corrected is then calculated using computing cross-correlation.K-clock signal move left and right being corrected it, and is calculated the zero crossing coordinate of the k-clock signal after movement using interpolation algorithm by delay calculated.It reuses interpolation algorithm and interpolation is carried out to interference signal at zero crossing coordinate, obtain the equally spaced interference signal of wave-number domain.This interference signal is multiplied with a Hamming window function and carries out light spectrum reshaping, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) then is carried out to the interference signal after light spectrum reshaping again, sample reflectivity can be obtained with the one-dimensional curve of change in depth, i.e. A-line image.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to frequency sweep optical coherent chromatographic imaging (Swept source Optical Coherence
Tomography, SS-OCT).
Background technique
Optical coherent chromatographic imaging (Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT) is a kind of by detection sample
The intensity of back-scattering light obtains the biomedical optical imaging technique of the structural information of sample different depth, has non-invade
Enter, high-resolution, can physical examination survey biological tissue's internal microstructure information the features such as.1991 since 1991, masschusetts, U.S.A reason
J.G.Fujimoto and D.Huang of engineering college et al. first proposed this concept, and carry out to retina and coronary artery
In vitro imaging, has been widely used in the clinical diagnosis and research in the fields such as ophthalmology, dermatology, angiocarpy at present.
OCT can be divided into time domain OCT (TD-OCT) and frequency domain OCT (FD-OCT), and frequency domain OCT can be divided into based on spectrometer
Frequency domain OCT (SD-OCT) and frequency domain OCT (SS-OCT) based on swept light source.In SS-OCT system, the light of light source sending
It is not that wave number (k) domain is equally spaced, according to SD-OCT theory, the spatial information and light wave number in sample depth direction are that Fourier becomes
It changes pair, it is therefore necessary to which resampling is carried out to obtain in the equally spaced interference signal in the domain k in the domain k to interference signal.At present mostly
The commercial swept light source of number is all integrated with wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal (i.e. k-clock) and ideally utilizes this
K-clock, which carries out resampling to interference signal as clock, just can obtain the equally spaced interference signal in the domain k.However, being limited to sweep
The precision of the stability of frequency light source and synchronous triggering hardware, and by external devices and external working environment temperature, environment shake
Dynamic equal interference, in resampling interference signal, the starting point of k-clock be likely to have between interference signal one it is uncertain
Delay, so as to cause interference signal not in the stringent equal interval sampling in the domain k, causes systemic resolution to decline.
The business swept light source of part has carried the function of adjustable k-clock delay, such as Santec currently on the market
Company's HSL series of light sources.But this delay calibration function is for interference signal propagation time in optical fiber and coaxial cable
The propagation time inconsistent design in coaxial cable with k-clock.The reference formula meter that user utilizes production firm to provide
After the time difference for calculating the two, k-clock delay time is arranged by software and is corrected.This correction be it is disposable,
It is generally no longer changed after setting.Therefore outside environmental elements and swept light source unstability etc. are not inherently eliminated
Caused k-clock clock does not know latency issue.System point is caused for delay is not known between k-clock and interference signal
The problem of resolution declines, and Chen Xiaojie et al. (referring to: Chen Xiaojie, Bai Baoping, Chen Xiaodong wait a kind of raising frequency sweep Optical coherence tomography of
The delay of analysis imaging resolution automatically corrects algorithm [J] Chinese laser, 2015 (12): 123-130.) propose a kind of light source k-
Clock delay automatically corrects algorithm, which carries out k-clock signal by average peak method and average full width at half maximum (FWHM) method
Coarse adjustment, fine tuning, accurate adjustment, which finally obtain, makes the highest k-clock starting point of systemic resolution.This method need to be to k- when adjusting
Clock is filtered, Hilbert is converted, CORDIC is converted, solve winding after, intercept k-clock phase in stationary component carry out
Then phase equal part gradually moves k-clock signal, every shifting, which moves a step, all to be needed to carry out resampling to interference signal, this
Lead to that the efficiency of algorithm is low, time-consuming, reduces the practicability of algorithm.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings of above-mentioned first technology, a kind of raising frequency sweep optical coherence tomography is proposed
Imaging resolution method.Basic principle of the invention is the delay of k-clock to be carried by calibration light source, and then make interference signal
It can more accurately put and be resampled at equal intervals in the domain k, to improve systemic resolution.The present invention is by k-clock to be corrected
Signal and template signal carry out computing cross-correlation, the delay for the k-clock signal that need to be corrected can be quickly obtained, to carry out school
Just.
Technical solution of the invention is as follows:
A kind of raising SS-OCT system imaging resolution method, specific step is as follows for this method:
1. place one piece of plane mirror as sample in the sample arm of frequency sweep optical coherence tomography system, to its into
The scanning of row n times, N is positive integer, N number of interference signal and N number of wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal is obtained, to different interference
Signal obtains different point spread functions after resampling and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), takes wave when wherein full width at half maximum (FWHM) minimum
Number field equal interval sampling clock signal is as standard wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal, i.e. k-clock1Signal, and carry out
Retain, as the template of subsequent computing cross-correlation, takes out sample；
2. placing another piece of plane mirror as sample, to it in the sample arm of frequency sweep optical coherence tomography system
It is scanned, the wave-number domain of optical coherent chromatographic imaging interference signal (OCT interference signal) and light source when acquisition scans
Equal interval sampling clock signal k-clock2, by k-clock2Computing cross-correlation is carried out with the template, obtains computing cross-correlation
As a result the abscissa τ where maximum absolute value valued；
3. working as τdEqual to zero, then wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal k-clock is not translated2；
Work as τdGreater than zero, then by wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal k-clock2Signal is to right translation | τd| a sampling
Point, i.e. K'j(t)；
Work as τdLess than zero, then by wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal k-clock2Signal is to left | τd| a sampling
Point, i.e. K'j(t)；
4. by the wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal K' after translationj(t) its zero crossing is obtained using interpolation algorithm to sit
Mark；
5. the optical coherent chromatographic imaging interference signal 2. collected using interpolation algorithm to step again is after translation
Wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal K'j(t) zero crossing carries out resampling, obtains the interference of wave-number domain equal interval sampling
Signal；
6. this interference signal is multiplied with a Hamming window function carries out light spectrum reshaping, then to dry after light spectrum reshaping
It relates to signal progress Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and obtains sample reflectivity with the one-dimensional curve of change in depth, i.e. A-line image.
The SS-OCT system for implementing the above method mainly includes swept light source, coupler, circulator, balanced detector, number
According to capture card, computer etc..The light that light source issues is divided into two beams after the coupler of certain splitting ratio, respectively enters reference
Arm and sample arm.The light of reference arm is incident on reflecting mirror after circulator, Polarization Controller, collimator, by reflecting mirror
Enter one end of Michelson's interferometer after reflection from circulator again.The light of sample arm is successively incident on sample after circulator
On the probe and sample of arm end, the return light of sample is equally after circulator into the another of Michelson's interferometer
One end.The output end of Michelson's interferometer is connected to balanced detector, and the interference spectrum of detector detection is acquired by data
Card is input in computer.
The swept light source carries k-clock, such as the swept light source HSL-20 of Santec company.
The Michelson's interferometer is it is characterized in that tool is respectively referred to there are two close to aplanatic optical interference circuit
Arm and sample arm.The splitting ratio of the interferometer is 50:50, it can be bulk optics system and is also possible to fiber optic system.
The balanced detector is the detector with photoelectric signal transformation and amplified difference signal.
Preferably, cubic spline interpolation algorithm can be used in the interpolation algorithm.
Preferably, the scanning times N when taking standard k-clock signal can be increased, to improve effect of the present invention.
The present invention is compared with first technology, without carrying out final obtain to light source k-clock signal progress coarse adjustment, fine tuning, accurate adjustment
To making the highest k-clock starting point of systemic resolution.K-clock need to be filtered when avoiding adjusting, Hilbert becomes
It changes, CORDIC transformation, solve the operations such as winding, can guarantee to mention systemic resolution while reducing Riming time of algorithm
It is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is optical-fiber type frequency sweep optical coherence tomography system structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is this method step schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the A-line signal graph of sample before being corrected using this method to single layer reflecting mirror sample.
Fig. 4 is the A-line signal graph of sample after being corrected using this method to single layer reflecting mirror sample.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, the invention will be further described, but should not be limited with this embodiment of the invention
Protection scope.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is optical-fiber type frequency sweep optical coherence tomography system structural schematic diagram.Including frequency sweep
Light source 1, the output light of swept light source are connected with the input port for the coupler 6-2 that splitting ratio is 90:10, and coupler 6-2 is by light
It is divided into sample arm optical path 13 and reference arm optical path 12.The light of the output port output 90% of coupler 6-2 enters sample arm
In optical path 13, two pieces of galvanometers 9-1,9-2 of two-dimensional scanning mirrors are successively passed through after circulator 7-2, are finally irradiated to be measured
Sample 10.The return light reflected through sample 10 is after sample arm backtracking to circulator 7-2, from the third of circulator 7-2
Port enters in coupler 6-1.
The light of the another output mouth output 10% of coupler 6-2 enters in reference arm optical path 12, into circulator 7-1 excessively
After pass sequentially through Polarization Controller 8, collimation lens 14 after, be finally irradiated to plane mirror 11.It is reflected through plane mirror 11
Return light after reference arm backtracking to circulator 7-1, enter in coupler 6-1 from the third port of circulator 7-1.
The return light of reference arm optical path 12 and the return light of sample arm optical path 13 interfere in coupler 6-1, and the interference light is through flat
The detector 5 that weighs detects, and converts optical signals into electric signal.The electric signal is sent into computer 3 after the acquisition of data collecting card 4
In.
In the present embodiment, the central wavelength of swept light source is 1310nm, and bandwidth is about 104nm.
Basic mathematical principle of the invention is as described below.
The axial resolution of OCT system depends on the central wavelength of light source and the bandwidth of light source, when light source light spectrum is Gauss
When shape, system longitudinal resolution can be calculated by following formula:
By formula (1), the theoretical longitudinal resolution that system in the present embodiment is calculated is 7.6 μm.
The interference spectrum intensity detected in the balanced detector 5 can indicate are as follows:
S (k) is light source light spectrum density, R in formulaRWith RSRespectively indicate reference arm reflectivity and sample arm reflection rate, Δ x table
Showing the optical path difference between reference arm and sample arm, k indicates light wave number,It is the phase difference of reference arm light beam Yu sample arm light beam.
The included k-clock signal of light source is generated by the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) of light source internal, and light source exists
MZI interference signal when i-th frequency sweep is represented by Ii(ki(t))∝s(ki(t))cos(ki(t) d), (3)
In formula, s (ki(t)) spectral concentration of swept light source is represented, d is the light path of light source internal Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Difference, ki(t) light wave number k is represented as the function of time t.
K-clock signal (the i.e. K for needing to correctj(t)) with standard k-clock signal (i.e. template signal, with Ks(t) table
Show) carry out computing cross-correlation.Due to Ks(t) and KjIt (t) is digital signal after being acquired by data collecting card, therefore the two is mutual
Correlation function is represented by
N represents k-clock signal length in formula, as τ=τdWhenAbsolute value have maximum value, then illustrate Kj(t)
Advanced or lag τdA sampled point and Ks(t) most like, i.e.,The position of peak value deviation from origin reflect Kj(t) and mould
Partitioned signal Ks(t) time difference between.If data collecting card sample frequency is Srate(GSa/s), then K can be calculatedj(t) and Ks
(t) the true time difference between is
Fig. 2 is a kind of raising SS-OCT system imaging resolution method step schematic diagram of the present invention.By step as shown in the figure,
It is tested.
One piece of plane mirror is placed as sample in the sample arm of frequency sweep optical coherence tomography system, it is carried out
N times scanning, N is positive integer, obtains N number of interference signal and N number of wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal, is believed different interference
Number different point spread functions is obtained after resampling and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), take wave number when wherein full width at half maximum (FWHM) minimum
Domain equal interval sampling clock signal is as standard wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal, i.e. k-clock1Signal, and protected
It stays, as the template of subsequent computing cross-correlation, takes out sample；
Place another piece of plane mirror as sample in the sample arm of frequency sweep optical coherence tomography system, to its into
Row scanning, the wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal of optical coherent chromatographic imaging interference signal and light source when acquisition scans
k-clock2, by k-clock2Computing cross-correlation is carried out with the template, obtains the maximum absolute value value of computing cross-correlation result
The abscissa τ at placed；
Work as τdEqual to zero, then wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal k-clock is not translated2；
Work as τdGreater than zero, then by wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal k-clock2Signal is to right translation | τd| a sampling
Point, i.e. K'j(t)；
Work as τdLess than zero, then by wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal k-clock2Signal is to left | τd| a sampling
Point, i.e. K'j(t)；
By the wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal K' after translationj(t) its zero crossing coordinate is obtained using interpolation algorithm；
The optical coherent chromatographic imaging interference signal 2. collected using interpolation algorithm to step again is after translation
Wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal K'j(t) zero crossing carries out resampling, obtains the interference letter of wave-number domain equal interval sampling
Number；
This interference signal is multiplied with a Hamming window function and carries out light spectrum reshaping, then to the interference after light spectrum reshaping
Signal carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and obtains sample reflectivity with the one-dimensional curve of change in depth, i.e. A-line image.
Fig. 3 is using the A-line signal graph of sample after present invention correction, and Fig. 4 is the A- of sample before being corrected using the present invention
Line signal graph.Present invention correction front and back system longitudinal direction can be obtained in the FWHM for measuring interference peaks in the two A-line signal graphs
Resolution ratio.It can be seen from the figure that systemic resolution is increased to 12.6 μm by 15.7 μm before correcting after corrected, improve
About 20%.The practical longitudinal resolution of system may be due to the dispersion between system sample arm and reference arm lower than theoretical value
Caused by mismatch and light spectrum reshaping.Using method proposed in this paper, believed using the standard k-clock obtained in above-mentioned experiment
Number as template be repeated 37 times experiment, the experimental results showed that, 37 times experiment in systemic resolution be improved, explanation
Method has preferable robustness.By calculating, system longitudinal resolution averagely improves 18.2%.
When being imaged every time using SS-OCT system, in order to avoid outside environmental elements and flashing is qualitative causes
System performance decline, be required to carry out system k-clock delay correction, and bring time loss of the present invention is small, not
It influences to may insure resolution ratio with higher in the case where system worked well.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of raising frequency sweep optical coherent chromatographic imaging resolution method, it is characterised in that it is as follows that the method comprising the steps of:
1. placing one piece of plane mirror as sample in the sample arm of frequency sweep optical coherence tomography system, N is carried out to it
Secondary scanning, N are positive integer, obtain N number of interference signal and N number of wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal, are believed different interference
Number different point spread functions is obtained after resampling and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), take wave number when wherein full width at half maximum (FWHM) minimum
Domain equal interval sampling clock signal is as standard wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal, i.e. k-clock1Signal, and protected
It stays, as the template of subsequent computing cross-correlation, takes out sample；
2. placing another piece of plane mirror as sample in the sample arm of frequency sweep optical coherence tomography system, it is carried out
Scanning, the wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal k- of optical coherent chromatographic imaging interference signal and light source when acquisition scans
clock2, by k-clock2Computing cross-correlation is carried out with the template, obtains the maximum absolute value value institute of computing cross-correlation result
Abscissa τd；
3. working as τdEqual to zero, then wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal k-clock is not translated2；
Work as τdGreater than zero, then by wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal k-clock2Signal is to right translation | τd| a sampled point, i.e.,
K'j(t)；
Work as τdLess than zero, then by wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal k-clock2Signal is to left | τd| a sampled point, i.e.,
K'j(t)；
4. by the wave-number domain equal interval sampling clock signal K' after translationj(t) its zero crossing coordinate is obtained using interpolation algorithm；
5. wave of the optical coherent chromatographic imaging interference signal 2. collected using interpolation algorithm to step again after translation
Number field equal interval sampling clock signal K'j(t) zero crossing carries out resampling, obtains the interference letter of wave-number domain equal interval sampling
Number；
6. this interference signal is multiplied with a Hamming window function carries out light spectrum reshaping, then believes the interference after light spectrum reshaping
Number carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) obtain sample reflectivity with the one-dimensional curve of change in depth, i.e. A-line image.
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| CN108523852A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-09-14 | 视微影像(河南)科技有限公司 | A kind of optical interference imaging system of frequency sweep OCT |
| CN110742583A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-02-04 | 南京沃福曼医疗科技有限公司 | Spectral shaping method for polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography demodulation of catheter |
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