CN106871864A - A kind of method that depth of building is automatically extracted based on three-dimensional satellite image - Google Patents
A kind of method that depth of building is automatically extracted based on three-dimensional satellite image Download PDFInfo
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- CN106871864A CN106871864A CN201710076323.2A CN201710076323A CN106871864A CN 106871864 A CN106871864 A CN 106871864A CN 201710076323 A CN201710076323 A CN 201710076323A CN 106871864 A CN106871864 A CN 106871864A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
- G01C11/02—Picture taking arrangements specially adapted for photogrammetry or photographic surveying, e.g. controlling overlapping of pictures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that depth of building is automatically extracted based on three-dimensional satellite image, it is related to satellite image to interpret field.Methods described includes:Obtain original satellite stereogram, SRTM data and the DOM data of target structures thing;Original satellite stereogram is pre-processed, after then carrying out relative orientation and absolute orientation successively, the core line image for extracting DSM data is generated;The initial DSM data of target structures thing is extracted, with reference to the DOM data of DLG data roads figure layer, landforms figure layer and target structures thing, satisfactory checkpoint is obtained;Acquisition filters the dem data of target structures thing elevation information;Integral data;Target structures thing summit height value, base elevation value carry out stereoscopic examination and amendment;With reference to the house figure layer of target structures thing in DOM, DLG, building summit height value and building place base height value are subtracted each other into acquisition building elevation information.The present invention makes extraction building elevation information more rapidly and efficiently.
Description
Technical field
Building is automatically extracted the present invention relates to satellite image interpretation field, more particularly to a kind of solid satellite image that is based on
The method of height.
Background technology
Since 20th century, remote sensing technology is reached its maturity, and low flyer is developed rapidly.Carried as the image for being formed is relied on
The technology of taking reaches its maturity, meanwhile, with the application of 3-D technology, extract building elevation information important role.Existing use
Include laser range finder, stereogram, optical image altimetry and shade range finding etc. in the extractive technique of building elevation information
Various methods, but, these methods all Shortcomings:
Laser range finder, because human factor influences larger, causes error unbalanced, to the verification workload of gathered data
Greatly., it is necessary to technical professional, collecting efficiency is low, and labor intensive is larger, high cost for stereogram.Optical image altimetry,
Need the positions such as angle point of building in artificial collection image, due to being blocked by building, photocopy, sun altitude etc. it is multi-party
Face rings, and gathered data precision is relatively low, meanwhile, because using artificial collection point position, production efficiency is relatively low.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method that depth of building is automatically extracted based on three-dimensional satellite image, so that
Solve foregoing problems present in prior art.
To achieve these goals, the method that depth of building is automatically extracted based on three-dimensional satellite image of the present invention,
Methods described includes:
S1, obtains original satellite stereogram, SRTM data and the DOM data of target structures thing;By the SRTM data
With the DOM data as absolute orientation orientation point data source;Wherein, the SRTM data are controlled as orientation point height
Data source, the DOM data as orientation point plane control data source;
S2, the original satellite stereogram to target structures thing is pre-processed, to pretreated picture to carrying out successively
Relative orientation and absolute orientation, judge whether stereogram plane error and vertical error reach default threshold after absolute orientation
Value, if it is, generating for extracting the core line image of DSM data, and enters S3;If it is not, then repeating S2;
S3, the core line image to obtaining carries out matching treatment, extracts the initial DSM data of the target structures thing,
With reference to the DOM data of DLG data roads figure layer, landforms figure layer and target structures thing, selection checkpoint is uniformly distributed in a triangle
Position, extracts height value of the checkpoint position in SRTM and DSM, and try to achieve each checkpoint position checkpoint residual values, check-up through statistical means respectively
Point residual values calculate mean square error of height, judge whether checkpoint mean square error of height meets the threshold value for pre-setting, if it is,
Into S4;If it is not, then returning to S2, pretreatment is re-started, untill into S4;
S4, the width and the gradient of the target structures thing with reference to described in DLG data set filtering process parameter, to initial DSM
Data are filtered treatment, the stereogram that filtered DSM data is imported, and then check the target by stereoscopic device
Whether the filtered DSM data of building meets default examination scope, if met, obtains removal target structures thing elevation letter
The dem data of breath;If do not met, filtering parameter is reset, reenter filtering process and judge, until being filtered
Untill the dem data of target structures thing elevation information;
S5, initial DSM data is incorporated into DLG data with the dem data for filtering target structures thing elevation information, will be whole
Target structures thing figure layer data in DLG data after conjunction carry out classification treatment according to the attribute in house, by target structures thing figure
After layer data carries out dividing processing according to building structure, the house figure layer of target structures thing is obtained and stored;Finally automatically extract
Target structures thing summit height value and base elevation value;
S6, stereoscopic examination is carried out by target structures thing summit height value, base elevation value, judges summit height value, ground
Whether height value is accurate, if it is, the number of passes high of target structures thing summit height value, base elevation value for target structures thing
According to;If it is not, then exist abnormal elevation carry out three-dimensional modification, in step s 2 to stereogram in gather correct summit
Height value and base elevation value, and the height value that will be collected is used as the altitude data of target structures thing;
S7, with reference to the house figure layer of target structures thing in DOM, DLG, by building summit height value and building place base
Height value subtracts each other acquisition building elevation information.
Preferably, in step S2, the pretreatment is that the original satellite stereogram is converted into 8 tif form shadows
Picture, and enhancing treatment is carried out to tif format images, the enhancing treatment includes building edge treated, image contrast treatment, line
Reason treatment and ratio proccessing.
Preferably, in step S2, the predetermined threshold value be precision residual error more than 1 pixel and no more than two times in error.
Preferably, in step S4, the dem data for obtaining removal target structures thing elevation information, specifically according to following
Step is realized:Examination scope is determined according to water system key element figure layer in DL G datas, by the target structures in examination scope
The filtered DSM data of thing and SRTM Data Integrations, reject the noise matched with water system key element figure layer in DSM data, are gone
Except the dem data of target structures thing elevation information.
The acquisition of depth of building is automatic based on DLG aggregation of data analysis DSM, DEM and SRTM data in the present invention
Building roof and base elevation are extracted, building summit elevation will be obtained and base elevation is imported stereogram inspection, to depositing
Mistake carry out three-dimensional amendment, finally derive correct building summit elevation and base elevation, will obtain building summit
Elevation and base elevation subtract each other the height value for obtaining building.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The present invention provides a kind of acquisition methods of building elevation information, and the present invention makes extraction building elevation information more
Rapidly and efficiently, the solution of high-efficiency and economic is provided to extract depth of building information on a large scale.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the method that depth of building is automatically extracted based on three-dimensional satellite image.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is entered
Row is further described.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only used to explain the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Implement Core flow of the invention is:By building figure layer in DLG, specify and obtain elevation information geographical position seat
Mark, house earth surface point height value is obtained according to the dem data after treatment, and house summit height value is obtained according to DSM data, and right
Obtaining result carries out three-dimensional judgement, and acquisition building elevation information is calculated by obtaining result.
Embodiment
The method for automatically extracting depth of building based on three-dimensional satellite image described in the present embodiment, methods described includes:
S1, obtains original satellite stereogram, SRTM data and the DOM data of target structures thing;By the SRTM data
With the DOM data as absolute orientation orientation point data source;Wherein, the SRTM data are controlled as orientation point height
Data source, the DOM data as orientation point plane control data source;
S2, the original satellite stereogram to target structures thing is pre-processed, to pretreated picture to carrying out successively
Relative orientation and absolute orientation, judge whether stereogram plane error and vertical error reach default threshold after absolute orientation
Value, if it is, generating for extracting the core line image of DSM data, and enters S3;If it is not, then repeating S2;
S3, the core line image to obtaining carries out matching treatment, extracts the initial DSM data of the target structures thing,
With reference to the DOM data of DLG data roads figure layer, landforms figure layer and target structures thing, selection checkpoint is uniformly distributed in a triangle
Position, extracts height value of the checkpoint position in SRTM and DSM, and try to achieve each checkpoint position checkpoint residual values, check-up through statistical means respectively
Point residual values calculate mean square error of height, judge whether checkpoint mean square error of height meets the threshold value for pre-setting, if it is,
Into S4;If it is not, then returning to S2, pretreatment is re-started, untill into S4;
S4, the width and the gradient of the target structures thing with reference to described in DLG data set filtering process parameter, to initial DSM
Data are filtered treatment, the stereogram that filtered DSM data is imported, and then check the target by stereoscopic device
Whether the filtered DSM data of building meets default examination scope, if met, obtains removal target structures thing elevation letter
The dem data of breath;If do not met, filtering parameter is reset, reenter filtering process and judge, until being filtered
Untill the dem data of target structures thing elevation information;
S5, initial DSM data is incorporated into DLG data with the dem data for filtering target structures thing elevation information, will be whole
Target structures thing figure layer data in DLG data after conjunction carry out classification treatment according to the attribute in house, by target structures thing figure
After layer data carries out dividing processing according to building structure, the house figure layer of target structures thing is obtained and stored;Finally automatically extract
Target structures thing summit height value and base elevation value;
S6, stereoscopic examination is carried out by target structures thing summit height value, base elevation value, judges summit height value, ground
Whether height value is accurate, if it is, the number of passes high of target structures thing summit height value, base elevation value for target structures thing
According to;If it is not, then exist abnormal elevation carry out three-dimensional modification, in step s 2 to stereogram in gather correct summit
Height value and base elevation value, and the height value that will be collected is used as the altitude data of target structures thing;
S7, with reference to the house figure layer of target structures thing in DOM, DLG, by building summit height value and building place base
Height value subtracts each other acquisition building elevation information.Explanation is explained in more detail is:
(1) in step S2, relative orientation is to recover or determine that two light beams of stereogram are closed in photography moment picture to position
The process of system.Absolute orientation is to determine the operation process of stereogram residing orientation and ratio in object coordinates system.Carry out absolutely
, it is necessary to carry out field operation control measurement or using available data as using orientation point in absolute orientation during to orientation, wherein, orientation point
Comprising x, tri- dimensions of y, z, usual x and y is plane, and z is elevation, in the present embodiment by target structures thing in step S1
DOM data and SRTM data are used as the orientation point data source for carrying out absolute orientation.
(2) in step S2, the pretreatment is that the original satellite stereogram is converted into 8 tif format images,
And enhancing treatment is carried out to tif format images, the enhancing treatment includes building edge treated, image contrast treatment, texture
Treatment and ratio proccessing.
The predetermined threshold value be precision residual error more than 1 pixel and no more than two times in error.
In the step S2, to pretreated picture to carrying out the operation after relative orientation and absolute orientation and thereafter respectively
Operation is specially in step S2:To pretreated picture to carrying out relative orientation and absolute orientation respectively after, respectively obtain relative
The picture pair after the post processing of picture pair and absolute orientation after directional process;Judge relative orientation treatment after picture pair precision and definitely
Whether the precision of the picture pair after orientation post processing reaches the threshold value for pre-setting, if it is, generation target structures thing is vertical
Body image pair, and enter S3;If the picture after any one directional process to precision to reach threshold value set in advance, then to mesh
The original satellite space image for marking building re-starts pretreatment and directional process.Directional process includes that relative orientation is processed and exhausted
To directional process.
(3) in step S3, DLG data by from storage in the initial data of target structures thing, or by initial data
In DOM data interpretations obtain.
Because building, trees can caused by match initial DSM data fall on top of building or trees, be not ground high
Journey, so, it is necessary to reference to road figure layer in DLG data, the regions such as road surface, vacant lot are distributed in a triangle.
(4) in step S4, the dem data for obtaining removal target structures thing elevation information, specifically as steps described below
Realize:Examination scope is determined according to water system key element figure layer in DL G datas, by the target structures thing filter in examination scope
DSM data and SRTM Data Integrations after ripple, reject the noise matched with water system key element figure layer in DSM data, obtain removing mesh
Mark the dem data of building elevation information.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal disclosed by the invention, following beneficial effect has been obtained:
The present invention provides a kind of acquisition methods of building elevation information, and the present invention makes extraction building elevation information more
Rapidly and efficiently, the solution of high-efficiency and economic is provided to extract depth of building information on a large scale.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
Depending on protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method that depth of building is automatically extracted based on three-dimensional satellite image, it is characterised in that methods described includes:
S1, obtains original satellite stereogram, SRTM data and the DOM data of target structures thing;By the SRTM data and institute
State orientation point data source of the DOM data as absolute orientation;Wherein, the data that the SRTM data are controlled as orientation point height
Source, the DOM data as orientation point plane control data source;
S2, the original satellite stereogram to target structures thing is pre-processed, relative to carrying out successively to pretreated picture
Orientation and absolute orientation, judge whether stereogram plane error and vertical error reach predetermined threshold value after absolute orientation, such as
Fruit is then generated for extracting the core line image of DSM data, and enters S3;If it is not, then repeating S2;
S3, the core line image to obtaining carries out matching treatment, extracts the initial DSM data of the target structures thing, reference
The DOM data of DLG data roads figure layer, landforms figure layer and target structures thing, are uniformly distributed selection checkpoint position in a triangle, point
Height value of the checkpoint position in SRTM and DSM is indescribably taken, and tries to achieve each checkpoint position checkpoint residual values, check-up through statistical means point residual error
Value calculates mean square error of height, judges whether checkpoint mean square error of height meets the threshold value for pre-setting, if it is, into
S4;If it is not, then returning to S2, pretreatment is re-started, untill into S4;
S4, the width and the gradient of the target structures thing with reference to described in DLG data set filtering process parameter, to initial DSM data
Treatment is filtered, then the stereogram that filtered DSM data is imported checks the target structures by stereoscopic device
Whether the filtered DSM data of thing meets default examination scope, if met, obtains removal target structures thing elevation information
Dem data;If do not met, filtering parameter is reset, reenter filtering process and judge, until acquisition filters target
Untill the dem data of building elevation information;
S5, initial DSM data is incorporated into DLG data with the dem data for filtering target structures thing elevation information, after integration
DLG data in target structures thing figure layer data carry out classification treatment according to the attribute in house, by target structures thing figure layer number
After dividing processing is carried out according to building structure, the house figure layer of target structures thing is obtained and stored;Finally automatically extract target
Building summit height value and base elevation value;
S6, stereoscopic examination is carried out by target structures thing summit height value, base elevation value, judges summit height value, base elevation
Whether value is accurate, if it is, the altitude data of target structures thing summit height value, base elevation value for target structures thing;
If it is not, then the abnormal elevation for existing carries out three-dimensional modification, in step s 2 to stereogram in gather correct summit high
Journey value and base elevation value, and the height value that will be collected is used as the altitude data of target structures thing;
S7, with reference to the house figure layer of target structures thing in DOM, DLG, by building summit height value and building place base elevation
Value subtracts each other acquisition building elevation information.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step S2, the pretreatment is to found the original satellite
Body image carries out enhancing treatment to tif format images to being converted to 8 tif format images, and the enhancing treatment includes building
Edge treated, image contrast treatment, texture processing and ratio proccessing.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step S2, the predetermined threshold value is that precision residual error is more than 1
Pixel and no more than two times in error.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described to obtain removal target structures thing elevation letter in step S4
The dem data of breath, specifically realizes as steps described below:Determine examination scope according to water system key element figure layer in DL G datas, will be
The filtered DSM data of target structures thing and SRTM Data Integrations in examination scope, will with water system in rejecting DSM data
The noise of sketch map layer matching, obtains removing the dem data of target structures thing elevation information.
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CN114417489B (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-19 | 宝略科技(浙江)有限公司 | Building base contour refinement extraction method based on real-scene three-dimensional model |
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Denomination of invention: A method of automatically extracting building height based on stereo satellite image Effective date of registration: 20211209 Granted publication date: 20190301 Pledgee: Haidian Beijing science and technology enterprise financing Company limited by guarantee Pledgor: CHINA SCIENCE MAPUNIVERSE TCHNDOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2021110000090 |