CN106870429B - A kind of bladeless fan system and its control method based on PID negative-feedback regu- lations - Google Patents
A kind of bladeless fan system and its control method based on PID negative-feedback regu- lations Download PDFInfo
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- CN106870429B CN106870429B CN201710007192.2A CN201710007192A CN106870429B CN 106870429 B CN106870429 B CN 106870429B CN 201710007192 A CN201710007192 A CN 201710007192A CN 106870429 B CN106870429 B CN 106870429B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/004—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by varying driving speed
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of bladeless fan system and its control method based on PID negative-feedback regu- lations, which follows module, serial ports AD conversion module, motor drive module, fan electromotor, voltage reduction module, control module, first switch power supply, second switch power supply including digital tube display module, keyboard input module pressure sensor module, biasing；220V alternating currents are converted into 24V voltages by the first switch power supply, and 220V alternating currents are converted into 12V voltages by the second switch power supply；The pressure sensor module, biasing follow module, serial ports AD conversion module and control module to be sequentially connected, the first switch power supply is connected with fan electromotor, fan electromotor is connected with motor drive module, motor drive module, digital tube display module, keyboard input module and voltage reduction module are connected with control module, and second switch power supply is connected with voltage reduction module；The present invention uses negative feedback structure, effectively increases the stability of output current.
Description
Technical field
Present invention design bladeless fan, it is especially a kind of that the negative-feedback PID controlled wind speeds adjusted are passed through based on MSP430
Technology.
Background technology
It is understood that fan can be described as ubiquitous among life, everybody is accustomed to.So it can't experience
Its dangerous place.Actually since fan has the blade of metal, and rotating speed is exceedingly fast when rotate, and is not added with careful
Words will hurt people, scrape finger of cutting off the hands, and scraping hair is all extremely dangerous or even has fatal danger, and since fan is
It uses during the broiling summer, summer, mistake, long-time will influence beautiful not easy to clean if placing full of dust.
In order to solve these problems, on fan, people are made that many effort.Such as flabellum danger close, just add one
A protective cover, makes blade be isolated from the outside, but to see that this blade rotated still can be unable to bear putting in tactile by curious child
Touch and cause danger, certainly this be adult keep an eye on it is ineffective in the case of.It is lighter that the blade of also metal changes material into, and soft one
A little materials, but these are all simply palliative, reduce danger coefficient slightly, can not fundamentally solve blade fan
Danger so fundamentally to solve the problems, such as that this will find the root of problem and be subject to analysis and understanding, is found out corresponding
Scheme and design.Among this problem, the root of problem is exactly the blade of fan certainly, then since blade can bring danger
Danger, we can remove blade, design the bladeless fan being safe from danger.
Bladeless fan is also air multiplier, it can generate the lasting cool breeze of nature, because of on-bladed, will not cover dust or
Hurt curious children's finger.More marvellous is that its is strange, appearance not only streamline but also salubrious.Product inspiration comes from air blades and does
Hand device.The principle of hand dryer is to force the air over the dry water on hand of an osculum " brush ", and air multiplier is to allow air from one
A 1.3mm wide, produce by boasting in the notch that annulus rotates.Because air is forced to produce by boasting in this circle, pass through
Air capacity can increase to 15 times, speed per hour can increase to 35km.
First, the people of life grade is particular about, healthy and comfortable all good bladeless fan must be preferred；
2nd, early summer, Qiu Mo, evening are felt nice and cool with bladeless fan and also had no interest；
3rd, old man, child, pregnant woman, patient etc., it is impossible to blow the people of air-conditioning；
4th, school, kindergarten, amusement of children garden etc., the place of safety first；
5th, welfare product of the constituent parts as summer, the employee for issuing unit；
6th, promotional item of each enterprise as oneself product gives the client of oneself；
7th, unit, family replace traditional electric fan as craftwork；
8th, personal accomplishment gift.
The content of the invention
Wind speed is adjusted in order to achieve the effect that set, present invention employs pass through sensor, the side of negative-feedback regu- lation
Formula carrys out the different square wave of output duty cycle, is given to motor, and driving motor is rotated with different rotating speeds, obtains different wind speed.It and can
Wind speed is maintained to stablize.
In order to solve the above technical problems, used technical solution is as follows：It is a kind of based on PID negative-feedback regu- lations without leaf wind
Fan system follows module, serial ports AD conversion including digital tube display module, keyboard input module pressure sensor module, biasing
Module, motor drive module, fan electromotor, voltage reduction module, control module, first switch power supply, second switch power supply；Described
220V alternating currents are converted into 24V voltages by one Switching Power Supply, and 220V alternating currents are converted into 12V voltages by the second switch power supply；Institute
State pressure sensor module, biasing follows module, serial ports AD conversion module and control module to be sequentially connected, the first switch
Power supply is connected with fan electromotor, and fan electromotor is connected with motor drive module, and motor drive module, digital tube display module are pressed
Key input module and voltage reduction module are connected with control module, and second switch power supply is connected with voltage reduction module；
The pressure sensor module is used to atmospheric pressure value being converted to voltage value analog quantity, and biasing follows module by voltage value
Analog quantity, which is biased, to be followed, and obtains burning voltage, burning voltage is converted to digital quantity by serial ports AD conversion module, and this is counted
Word amount passes to control module, and control module includes the digital quantity in digital tube display module, passes through keyboard input module
Wind speed setting value is inputed into control module, control module control motor drive module driving fan motor rotates, and passes through control
Module realizes the PID negative-feedback regu- lations to fan electromotor.
Further, the control module is MSP430F5438.
Further, the motor drive module includes resistance R1-R3, Light-emitting diode LED 1, optocoupler U2A, diode
D1-D2 and moss, one end of resistance R1 are connected with the 3.3V power ports of control module, one end of resistance R1 and light-emitting diodes
The anode of pipe LED1 is connected, and the cathode of Light-emitting diode LED 1 is connected with the anode of optocoupler U2A, the cathode of optocoupler U2A and control
The I/O ports of module are connected, and the base stage of optocoupler U2A is connected with one end of resistance R2, the emitter of optocoupler U2A respectively with resistance R3
One end be connected with the grid of moss, the other end of resistance R2 is connected with the cathode of diode D1, the anode of diode D1, two
The cathode of pole pipe D2 and the drain electrode of moss are connected with the cathode of fan electromotor, anode and the first switch electricity of fan electromotor
Source is connected, and the anode of the source electrode of moss, the other end of resistance R3 and diode D2 is grounded.
Further, the voltage reduction module includes decompression chip U3, diode D3-D4, Schottky diode D5, capacitance
C3-C7, resistance R41-R44, Light-emitting diode LED 2, inductance L1；One end of diode D3 is connected with second switch power supply, two poles
The other end of pipe D3, one end of diode D4, the power port of one end of capacitance C7 and decompression chip U3 are with resistance R42's
One end is connected, and the other end of resistance R42 is connected respectively with being depressured DR1 ports, SC ports and the IPK ports of chip U3, capacitance
The anode of C6 is connected with one end of resistance R41, and the other end of resistance R41 is connected with the anode of Light-emitting diode LED 2, and luminous two
The cathode ground connection of pole pipe LED2, the SE ports of decompression chip U3 one end with the cathode of Schottky diode D5 and inductance L1 respectively
It is connected, the one end of the other end of inductance L1 respectively with one end of capacitance C5, the anode of capacitance C3 and resistance R43 is connected, capacitance
Anode conduct+5V the output ports of C3, the TC ports of decompression chip U3 are connected with one end of capacitance C4, the other end of resistance R43
It is connected with one end of resistance R44 and is followed by the FB ports of decompression chip U3, the anode of diode D4, the cathode of capacitance C6, capacitance C7
The other end, the GND ports of decompression chip U3, the other end of capacitance C4, the anode of Schottky diode D5, capacitance C5 it is another
The other end at end, the cathode of capacitance C3 and resistance R44 is grounded；The decompression chip U3 is MC34063A.
Further, pressure sensor module includes socket J1, diode D6, capacitance C8-C11, the first voltage stabilizing chip U1
And pressure sensor；First pin of pressure sensor, the output terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip U1, the anode and capacitance of capacitance C9
One end of C10 is connected with+5V power ports, the second pin of pressure sensor, the other end of capacitance C10, capacitance C9 it is negative
Pole, one end of capacitance C11, the ground terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip U1, one end of capacitance C8, the anode of diode D6 and socket J1
Second port be grounded, the other end of capacitance C8, the cathode of diode D6, the third port of socket J1 and the first voltage stabilizing core
The input terminal of piece U1 connects 12V voltages, the 3rd pin of pressure sensor and the other end of capacitance C11 with socket J1 first
Port is connected.
Further, it is described biasing follow module include amplifier U1A, amplifier U1B, amplifier U1C, amplifier U1D, socket J2,
Resistance R4-R14, diode D7-D8, capacitance C12-C14；Socket J2 is connected with socket J1, the third port of socket J2 respectively with
The negative input of the cathode of diode D7, one end of resistance R4 and amplifier U1B is connected, the plus earth of diode D7, electricity
The other end of resistance R4 is connected with the output terminal of amplifier U1B, the anode of one end of resistance R6 and one end of resistance R5 with amplifier U1B
Input terminal is connected, the other end of resistance R5 ground connection, the other end of resistance R6 respectively with the negative input of amplifier U1A, resistance R7
One end be connected with one end of resistance R11, the other end of resistance R7 is connected with the output terminal of amplifier U1A, the positive supply of amplifier U1A
End and one end of capacitance C12 are connected respectively with+12V voltages, the other end ground connection of capacitance C12, the negative power end and electricity of amplifier U1A
The one end for holding C13 is connected respectively with -12V voltages, the other end ground connection of capacitance C13, one end of resistance R8 and the output of amplifier U1A
End electrode input end is connected, the other end of resistance R8 ground connection, the other end of resistance R11 respectively with one end of resistance R12, resistance
One end of R13 is connected with the electrode input end of amplifier U1C, and the other end of resistance R12 is connected with+2.5V the voltages of control module,
The other end ground connection of resistance R13, one end of resistance R14 are connected with the output terminal of amplifier U1C, negative input, the electricity of amplifier U1C
The first port of the other end of resistance R14 and the cathode of diode D8 with socket J2 is connected, the cathode ground connection of diode D8, electricity
Hinder the output terminal of one end and the amplifier U1C of R10, the other end of resistance R10, the negative input of amplifier U1D and capacitance C14
The other end is connected with+the 2.5V of control module voltages, the other end of capacitance C5 ground connection, one end of resistance R9 and amplifier U1D's
Electrode input end is connected with the reference+2.5V voltages of control module, the other end ground connection of resistance R9, the second port of socket J2
It is connected with the I/O ports of control module.
Further, the serial ports AD conversion module include the second voltage stabilizing chip U6, capacitance C21-C22, resistance R15, can
Control precision voltage regulator Q1；The input port of second voltage stabilizing chip U6 and the anode of capacitance C21 are connected with+12V voltages, and second is steady
The one end of the output port of pressure chip U6 respectively with the anode of capacitance C22 and resistance R15 is connected, the other end of resistance R15 and can
The anode of control precision voltage regulator Q1, with reference to being extremely connected with+the 2.5V of control module reference voltages, controllable accurate source of stable pressure Q1's
Cathode, the cathode of capacitance C22, the cathode of the cathode of capacitance C21 and the second voltage stabilizing chip U6 are grounded.
Further, the digital tube display module includes two panels 74LS244 chips and eight charactrons, a piece of
One end of 74LS244 controls the eight segment encodes display number of each charactron, and the other end is connected to control module, another
One end of 74LS244 controls the gating of eight charactrons, is connected in control module.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of using the above-mentioned bladeless fan system based on PID negative-feedback regu- lations
Control method includes the following steps：
(1) initial setting air speed value is inputed to by control module by keyboard input module；Pressure sensor module simultaneously
Atmospheric gas pressure value is detected, and atmospheric pressure value is converted to voltage value analog quantity, serial ports AD conversion module is converted to voltage value analog quantity
Digital quantity, and by the digital transfer to control module；
(2) in order to allow motor drive module output valve can stablize initial setting air speed value on, using closed loop control
System strategy, expression formula are：
Wherein, n is the time；U (n) is the control variable of n sampling instants output；KPFor proportional control factor；E (n) adopts for n
Deviation between sample moment set-point and controlled variable；T is the PID control sampling period；TIFor integration time constant；TDFor differential
Time constant；Deviations of the e (n-1) between n-1 sampling instants set-point and controlled variable；u0Wink before starting for PID adjustings
Between actuator input control signal, be fixed value.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：1. the present invention uses negative feedback structure, the stabilization of output current is effectively increased
Property.2. present invention employs PID control processing, make wind speed can automatic stabilisation under many use occasions.3. core of the present invention
Control uses the MCU of MSP430 so that operating voltage and electric current are all little, it is ensured that the security of circuit.4. the present invention uses
MCU is controlled as core so that the energy consumption of circuit reduces, energy saving.5. present invention employs microcontroller as core control
System, improves stability and the flexibility of system.6. the present invention realizes the arbitrary adjusting of wind speed, using more convenient.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system architecture diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is motor drive module circuit diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is voltage reduction module circuit diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is Modular circuit of pressure sensor figure in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is that biasing follows module circuit diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is serial ports AD conversion module circuit diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is digital tube display module circuit diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of bladeless fan system based on PID negative-feedback regu- lations, including digital tube display module, button
Input module pressure sensor module, biasing follow module, serial ports AD conversion module, motor drive module, fan electromotor, decompression
Module, control module, first switch power supply, second switch power supply；220V alternating currents are converted into 24V electricity by the first switch power supply
220V alternating currents are converted into 12V voltages by pressure, the second switch power supply；The pressure sensor module, biasing follow module, string
Mouth AD conversion module and control module are sequentially connected, and the first switch power supply is connected with fan electromotor, fan electromotor and electricity
Machine drive module is connected, and motor drive module, digital tube display module, keyboard input module and voltage reduction module are with controlling mould
Block is connected, and second switch power supply is connected with voltage reduction module；The pressure sensor module is used to atmospheric pressure value being converted to voltage value
Analog quantity, biasing follow module to be biased voltage value analog quantity and follow, and obtain burning voltage, and serial ports AD conversion module will be steady
Constant voltage is converted to digital quantity, and by the digital transfer to control module, control module includes the digital quantity in charactron
On display module, wind speed setting value is inputed to by control module, control module control motor driving mould by keyboard input module
Block driving fan motor rotates, and the PID negative-feedback regu- lations to fan electromotor are realized by control module.Further, the control
Molding block is MSP430F5438.
As shown in Fig. 2, the motor drive module includes resistance R1-R3, Light-emitting diode LED 1, optocoupler U2A, diode
D1-D2 and moss, one end of resistance R1 are connected with the 3.3V power ports of control module, one end of resistance R1 and light-emitting diodes
The anode of pipe LED1 is connected, and the cathode of Light-emitting diode LED 1 is connected with the anode of optocoupler U2A, the cathode of optocoupler U2A and control
The I/O ports of module are connected, and the base stage of optocoupler U2A is connected with one end of resistance R2, the emitter of optocoupler U2A respectively with resistance R3
One end be connected with the grid of moss, the other end of resistance R2 is connected with the cathode of diode D1, the anode of diode D1, two
The cathode of pole pipe D2 and the drain electrode of moss are connected with the cathode of fan electromotor, anode and the first switch electricity of fan electromotor
Source is connected, and the anode of the source electrode of moss, the other end of resistance R3 and diode D2 is grounded.The module passes through microcontroller control
System output PWM wave, is input to JH1, achievees the effect that speed governing by programme-control PWM wave duty cycle.TLP521 is controllable
Photoelectric coupling device, photoelectrical coupler wide application is in computer terminals, silicon-controlled system equipment, measuring instrument, copying machines, from
Signal transmission between the circuits such as dynamic ticketing, such as household electrical appliance, fan, heater is allowed to front end with loading completely isolated, purpose
It is to increase security, reduces circuit interference, simplify circuit design.
As shown in figure 3, the voltage reduction module includes decompression chip U3, diode D3-D4, Schottky diode D5, capacitance
C3-C7, resistance R41-R44, Light-emitting diode LED 2, inductance L1；One end of diode D3 is connected with second switch power supply, two poles
The other end of pipe D3, one end of diode D4, the power port of one end of capacitance C7 and decompression chip U3 are with resistance R42's
One end is connected, and the other end of resistance R42 is connected respectively with being depressured DR1 ports, SC ports and the IPK ports of chip U3, capacitance
The anode of C6 is connected with one end of resistance R41, and the other end of resistance R41 is connected with the anode of Light-emitting diode LED 2, and luminous two
The cathode ground connection of pole pipe LED2, the SE ports of decompression chip U3 one end with the cathode of Schottky diode D5 and inductance L1 respectively
It is connected, the one end of the other end of inductance L1 respectively with one end of capacitance C5, the anode of capacitance C3 and resistance R43 is connected, capacitance
Anode conduct+5V the output ports of C3, the TC ports of decompression chip U3 are connected with one end of capacitance C4, the other end of resistance R43
It is connected with one end of resistance R44 and is followed by the FB ports of decompression chip U3, the anode of diode D4, the cathode of capacitance C6, capacitance C7
The other end, the GND ports of decompression chip U3, the other end of capacitance C4, the anode of Schottky diode D5, capacitance C5 it is another
The other end at end, the cathode of capacitance C3 and resistance R44 is grounded；The decompression chip U3 is MC34063A.Voltage reduction module profit
With MC34063 reduction voltage circuits realize be depressured, operating voltage after overprotection circuit diode and filter circuit, by
Among the reduction voltage circuit of MC34063 compositions, 5V voltages are exported.The product of MC34063, MC34063 may be employed in decompression chip U3
The operation principle of reduction voltage circuit：
The inverting input (foot 5) of comparator monitors output voltage by external divider resistance R43, R44.Wherein, export
Voltage Uo=1.25 (1+R44/R43) understands output voltage by formula.It is only related with resistance R43, R44 numerical value, because 1.25V is base
Quasi- voltage, it is invariable.If R43, R44 resistance value are stablized, U.Also stablize.
5 voltage of foot is sent into internal comparator with internal reference voltage 1.25V and carries out voltage comparison simultaneously.When the voltage of foot 5
When value is less than internal reference voltage (1.25V), comparator output is leaping voltage, opens the S foot control doors of R-S triggers,
For R-S triggers under the driving of internal oscillator, Q ends are one state (high level), and driving tube T2 is turned on, and switch transistor T 1 is also led
It is logical, input voltage Ui is made to charge to improve U to output filter capacitance Co., reach and automatically control U.Stable effect.
When the voltage value of foot 5 is higher than internal reference voltage (1.25V), the S foot control doors of R-S triggers are blocked, Q
It holds as " 0 " state (low level), T2 cut-offs, T1 also ends.
The Ipk inputs (foot 7) of oscillator are used to monitor the peak point current of switch transistor T 1, the pulse of oscillator to be controlled to export
To the Q ends of R-S triggers.
The size of the required timing capacitor CT capacitances of 3 external oscillator of foot determines the height of oscillator frequency, also determines
Determine the make-and-break time of switch transistor T 1.
As shown in figure 4, pressure sensor module includes socket J1, diode D6, capacitance C8-C11, the first voltage stabilizing chip U1
And pressure sensor；First pin of pressure sensor, the output terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip U1, the anode and capacitance of capacitance C9
One end of C10 is connected with+5V power ports, the second pin of pressure sensor, the other end of capacitance C10, capacitance C9 it is negative
Pole, one end of capacitance C11, the ground terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip U1, one end of capacitance C8, the anode of diode D6 and socket J1
Second port be grounded, the other end of capacitance C8, the cathode of diode D6, the third port of socket J1 and the first voltage stabilizing core
The input terminal of piece U1 connects 12V voltages, the 3rd pin of pressure sensor and the other end of capacitance C11 with socket J1 first
Port is connected.Its effect of the module and principle are：12V voltages are inputted, through overprotection and filtering, three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit output 5V electricity
It presses and powers to pressure sensor, pressure sensor exportable 0 arrives 4.5V voltages.Ua7805 is three terminal regulator, for 12V is electric
Pressure is converted into 5V voltages, why so does, and is because the operating voltage of pressure sensor is 5V.The pressure sensor can be with
Using the product of MPXV7002DP, but not limited to this.
7805 circuit of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated of Ua, in electronic product, common circuit of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated has positive voltage output
78 ××s series and negative voltage output 79 ××s series.As its name suggests, three-terminal IC refers to the integrated circuit of this voltage stabilizing,
Only three pin outputs, are input terminal, ground terminal and output terminal respectively.Its appearance likes common triode, TO-220
Standard packaging, also have 9013 appearance TO-92 encapsulate.
Most often applied in 78**, 79** series three terminal regulator is two kinds of encapsulation of TO-220 and TO-202.
1. 2. 3. pin marks in order from left to right in terms of front, and 1. foot voltage is higher than 2. foot when accessing circuit, 3. foot
For carry-out bit.Such as 78** positive pressures series, 1. foot high potential, 2. foot be grounded, 3. foot is carry-out bit；And for 79** negative pressure system
It arranges, 1. foot is grounded, and 2. foot connects negative voltage, and 3. foot is carry-out bit.
Further, it should also be noted that cooling fin always with the of potential minimum 2. foot be connected.So in 78** series, heat dissipation
Piece and 2. foot () connection, and in 79** series, but and 2. foot (input terminal) connects cooling fin.
As shown in figure 5, it is described biasing follow module include amplifier U1A, amplifier U1B, amplifier U1C, amplifier U1D, socket J2,
Resistance R4-R14, diode D7-D8, capacitance C12-C14；Socket J2 is connected with socket J1, the third port of socket J2 respectively with
The negative input of the cathode of diode D7, one end of resistance R4 and amplifier U1B is connected, the plus earth of diode D7, electricity
The other end of resistance R4 is connected with the output terminal of amplifier U1B, the anode of one end of resistance R6 and one end of resistance R5 with amplifier U1B
Input terminal is connected, the other end of resistance R5 ground connection, the other end of resistance R6 respectively with the negative input of amplifier U1A, resistance R7
One end be connected with one end of resistance R11, the other end of resistance R7 is connected with the output terminal of amplifier U1A, the positive supply of amplifier U1A
End and one end of capacitance C12 are connected respectively with+12V voltages, the other end ground connection of capacitance C12, the negative power end and electricity of amplifier U1A
The one end for holding C13 is connected respectively with -12V voltages, the other end ground connection of capacitance C13, one end of resistance R8 and the output of amplifier U1A
End electrode input end is connected, the other end of resistance R8 ground connection, the other end of resistance R11 respectively with one end of resistance R12, resistance
One end of R13 is connected with the electrode input end of amplifier U1C, and the other end of resistance R12 is connected with+2.5V the voltages of control module,
The other end ground connection of resistance R13, one end of resistance R14 are connected with the output terminal of amplifier U1C, negative input, the electricity of amplifier U1C
The first port of the other end of resistance R14 and the cathode of diode D8 with socket J2 is connected, the cathode ground connection of diode D8, electricity
Hinder the output terminal of one end and the amplifier U1C of R10, the other end of resistance R10, the negative input of amplifier U1D and capacitance C14
The other end is connected with+the 2.5V of control module voltages, the other end of capacitance C5 ground connection, one end of resistance R9 and amplifier U1D's
Electrode input end is connected with the reference+2.5V voltages of control module, the other end ground connection of resistance R9, the second port of socket J2
It is connected with the I/O ports of control module.In addition biasing follows its effect of module to be：Control source after amplifying circuit is to fortune
Discharge in road, by voltage follow, in addition one 2.5V points bias voltage, using voltage follow and diode voltage stabilizing
Afterwards, it is input in a passage of ADS7950.Principle：2.5V reference voltages obtained in the previous step be not also it is too stable, it is necessary to through
It crosses a voltage follower and obtains stable 2.5V voltages, it is because the input voltage of ADC must why to add in this bias voltage
It must be for just.
As shown in fig. 6, the serial ports AD conversion module include the second voltage stabilizing chip U6, capacitance C21-C22, resistance R15, can
Control precision voltage regulator Q1；The input port of second voltage stabilizing chip U6 and the anode of capacitance C21 are connected with+12V voltages, and second is steady
The one end of the output port of pressure chip U6 respectively with the anode of capacitance C22 and resistance R15 is connected, the other end of resistance R15 and can
The anode of control precision voltage regulator Q1, with reference to being extremely connected with+the 2.5V of control module reference voltages, controllable accurate source of stable pressure Q1's
Cathode, the cathode of capacitance C22, the cathode of the cathode of capacitance C21 and the second voltage stabilizing chip U6 are grounded.The module uses
LM1117-5V is three linear voltage stabilizing elements, and for 12V voltages to be switched to 5V voltages, TL431 is 2.5V zener diodes.
LM1117 is a low difference voltage regulator series.Its pressure difference is exported in 1.2V, is when load current is 800mA
1.2V.Its industrial standard device LM317 with National Semiconductor has identical pin to arrange.LM1117 has the version of adjustable voltage
This, 1.25~13.8V output voltage ranges can be realized by 2 non-essential resistances.In addition also have the output of 5 fixed voltages (1.8V,
2.5V, 2.85V, 3.3V and 5V) model.LM1117-5V is used in this experiment, that is, voltage stabilizing value is 5V.
As shown in fig. 7, the digital tube display module includes two panels 74LS244 chips and eight charactrons, it is a piece of
One end of 74LS244 controls the eight segment encodes display number of each charactron, and the other end is connected to control module, another
One end of 74LS244 controls the gating of eight charactrons, is connected in control module.The module include two panels 74LS244 chips with
And eight charactrons, one end of a piece of 74LS244 control the eight segment encodes display number of each charactron, the other end is connected to control
Module, one end of another 74LS244 control the gating of eight charactrons, are connected in control module.
74LS244 is 3 state, 8 digit buffer, is typically used as bus driver.74LS244 is without the function of latch.It locks address
Storage is exactly a buffer, it keeps in address code in bus according to the state of control signal.8086/8088 number
According to address bus using time-sharing multiplex operating method, i.e., data were not only transmitted with same bus but also have transmitted address.
It is mainly used for ternary output, as address driver, clock driver, bus driver and directive sending device
Deng.74Ls244 truth tables are as follows：
Wherein, L represents low level；H represents high level；X represents indeterminate state；Z represents high-impedance state.
74LS244 works as G1, when G2 is low level, output voltage is equal to input electricity as unidirectional three-state data buffer
Why the output of MSP430, be not connected directly by pressure with transistor base, is because marquis's is defeated when MSP430 exports high level
Go out electric current for -6mA, then base voltage at this time will become 2.7V+1.02kohm*6mA=8.82V, be more than emitter electricity
5V is pressed, triode can be in cut-off state at this time, it is impossible to turn on, desired effect is not achieved.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of using the above-mentioned bladeless fan system based on PID negative-feedback regu- lations
Control method includes the following steps：
(1) initial setting air speed value is inputed to by control module by keyboard input module；Pressure sensor module simultaneously
Atmospheric gas pressure value is detected, and atmospheric pressure value is converted to voltage value analog quantity, serial ports AD conversion module is converted to voltage value analog quantity
Digital quantity, and by the digital transfer to control module；
(2) in order to allow motor drive module output valve can stablize initial setting air speed value on, using closed loop control
System strategy, expression formula are：
Wherein, n is the time；U (n) is the control variable of n sampling instants output；KPFor proportional control factor；E (n) adopts for n
Deviation between sample moment set-point and controlled variable；T is the PID control sampling period；TIFor integration time constant；TDFor differential
Time constant；Deviations of the e (n-1) between n-1 sampling instants set-point and controlled variable；u0Wink before starting for PID adjustings
Between actuator input control signal, be fixed value.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of bladeless fan system based on PID negative-feedback regu- lations, which is characterized in that including digital tube display module, button
Input module, pressure sensor module, biasing follow module, serial ports AD conversion module, motor drive module, fan electromotor, drop
Die block, control module, first switch power supply, second switch power supply；220V alternating currents are converted into 24V by the first switch power supply
220V alternating currents are converted into 12V voltages by voltage, the second switch power supply；The pressure sensor module, biasing follow module,
Serial ports AD conversion module and control module are sequentially connected, and the first switch power supply is connected with fan electromotor, fan electromotor with
Motor drive module is connected, motor drive module, digital tube display module, keyboard input module and voltage reduction module with control
Module is connected, and second switch power supply is connected with voltage reduction module；
The pressure sensor module is used to atmospheric pressure value being converted to voltage value analog quantity, and biasing follows module to simulate voltage value
Amount is biased and follows, and obtains burning voltage, and burning voltage is converted to digital quantity by serial ports AD conversion module, and by the digital quantity
Control module is passed to, which is included in digital tube display module, will be set by keyboard input module by control module
Determine air speed value and input to control module, control module control motor drive module driving fan motor rotates, and passes through control module
Realize the PID negative-feedback regu- lations to fan electromotor；
The voltage reduction module includes decompression chip U3, diode D3-D4, Schottky diode D5, capacitance C3-C7, resistance R41-
R44, Light-emitting diode LED 2, inductance L1；One end of diode D3 is connected with second switch power supply, the other end of diode D3,
The one end of the power port of one end of diode D4, one end of capacitance C7 and decompression chip U3 with resistance R42 is connected, resistance
The other end of R42 is connected respectively with being depressured DR1 ports, SC ports and the IPK ports of chip U3, the anode and resistance of capacitance C6
One end of R41 is connected, and the other end of resistance R41 is connected with the anode of Light-emitting diode LED 2, the cathode of Light-emitting diode LED 2
Ground connection is depressured the one end of the SE ports of chip U3 respectively with the cathode of Schottky diode D5 and inductance L1 and is connected, inductance L1's
The one end of the other end respectively with one end of capacitance C5, the anode of capacitance C3 and resistance R43 is connected, and the anode conduct of capacitance C3+
5V output ports, the TC ports of decompression chip U3 are connected with one end of capacitance C4, the other end of resistance R43 and the one of resistance R44
End, which is connected, is followed by the FB ports of decompression chip U3, the anode of diode D4, the cathode of capacitance C6, the other end of capacitance C7, decompression
The GND ports of chip U3, the other end of capacitance C4, the anode of Schottky diode D5, the other end of capacitance C5, capacitance C3 it is negative
The other end of pole and resistance R44 are grounded；The decompression chip U3 is MC34063A.
2. the bladeless fan system according to claim 1 based on PID negative-feedback regu- lations, which is characterized in that the control
Module is MSP430F5438.
3. the bladeless fan system according to claim 1 based on PID negative-feedback regu- lations, which is characterized in that the motor
Drive module includes resistance R1-R3, Light-emitting diode LED 1, optocoupler U2A, diode D1-D2 and metal-oxide-semiconductor, one end of resistance R1
It is connected with the 3.3V power ports of control module, the other end of resistance R1 is connected with the anode of Light-emitting diode LED 1, and luminous two
The cathode of pole pipe LED1 is connected with the anode of optocoupler U2A, and the cathode of optocoupler U2A is connected with the I/O ports of control module, optocoupler
The base stage of U2A is connected with one end of resistance R2, the emitter of optocoupler U2A respectively with one end of resistance R3 and the grid phase of metal-oxide-semiconductor
Even, the other end of resistance R2 is connected with the cathode of diode D1, the anode of diode D1, the cathode and metal-oxide-semiconductor of diode D2
Drain electrode be connected with the cathode of fan electromotor, the anode of fan electromotor is connected with first switch power supply, source electrode, the electricity of metal-oxide-semiconductor
The anode of the other end and diode D2 that hinder R3 is grounded.
4. the bladeless fan system according to claim 1 based on PID negative-feedback regu- lations, which is characterized in that pressure sensing
Device module includes socket J1, diode D6, capacitance C8-C11, the first voltage stabilizing chip U1 and pressure sensor；Pressure sensor
First pin, the output terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip U1, the anode of capacitance C9 and capacitance C10 one end with+5V power ports
It is connected, the second pin of pressure sensor, the other end of capacitance C10, the cathode of capacitance C9, one end of capacitance C11, the first voltage stabilizing
The ground terminal of chip U1, one end of capacitance C8, the second port of the anode of diode D6 and socket J1 are grounded, capacitance C8's
The other end, the cathode of diode D6, the input terminal of the third port of socket J1 and the first voltage stabilizing chip U1 connect 12V voltages,
The first port of 3rd pin of pressure sensor and the other end of capacitance C11 with socket J1 is connected.
5. the bladeless fan system according to claim 1 based on PID negative-feedback regu- lations, which is characterized in that the biasing
Module is followed to include amplifier U1A, amplifier U1B, amplifier U1C, amplifier U1D, socket J2, resistance R4-R14, diode D7-D8, electricity
Hold C12-C14；Socket J2 is connected with socket J1, the third port of socket J2 respectively with the cathode of diode D7, resistance R4 one
End and the negative input of amplifier U1B are connected, the plus earth of diode D7, and the other end of resistance R4 is defeated with amplifier U1B's
Outlet is connected, and the electrode input end of one end of resistance R6 and one end of resistance R5 with amplifier U1B is connected, the other end of resistance R5
Ground connection, the one end of the other end of resistance R6 respectively with the negative input of amplifier U1A, one end of resistance R7 and resistance R11 are connected,
The other end of resistance R7 is connected with the output terminal of amplifier U1A, the positive power source terminal of amplifier U1A and one end of capacitance C12 respectively with+
12V voltages are connected, and the other end ground connection of capacitance C12, the negative power end of amplifier U1A and one end of capacitance C13 are electric with -12V respectively
Pressure is connected, and the other end ground connection of capacitance C13, one end of resistance R8 is connected with the electrode input end of amplifier U1A, and resistance R8's is another
End ground connection, the other end of the resistance R11 electrode input end with one end of resistance R12, one end of resistance R13 and amplifier U1C respectively
It is connected, the other end of resistance R12 is connected with+2.5V the voltages of control module, the other end ground connection of resistance R13, and the one of resistance R14
End is connected with the output terminal of amplifier U1C, the cathode of the negative input of amplifier U1C, the other end of resistance R14 and diode D8
First port with socket J2 is connected, the plus earth of diode D8, one end of resistance R10 and the output terminal phase of amplifier U1D
Even, one end of the other end of resistance R10, the negative input of amplifier U1D and capacitance C14 is electric with the+2.5V of control module
Pressure is connected, the other end ground connection of capacitance C14, the ginseng of one end of resistance R9 and the electrode input end of amplifier U1D with control module
It examines+2.5V voltages to be connected, the other end ground connection of resistance R9, the second port of socket J2 is connected with the I/O ports of control module.
6. the bladeless fan system according to claim 1 based on PID negative-feedback regu- lations, which is characterized in that the serial ports
AD conversion module includes the second voltage stabilizing chip U6, capacitance C21-C22, resistance R15, controllable accurate source of stable pressure Q1；Second voltage stabilizing core
The input port of piece U6 and the anode of capacitance C21 are connected with+12V voltages, the output port of the second voltage stabilizing chip U6 respectively with
The anode of capacitance C22 is connected with one end of resistance R15, the other end of resistance R15 and the anode of controllable accurate source of stable pressure Q1, reference
Extremely it is connected with+the 2.5V of control module reference voltages, the cathode of controllable accurate source of stable pressure Q1, cathode, the capacitance of capacitance C22
The cathode of the cathode of C21 and the second voltage stabilizing chip U6 are grounded.
7. the bladeless fan system according to claim 1 based on PID negative-feedback regu- lations, which is characterized in that the number
Pipe display module includes two panels 74LS244 chips and eight charactrons, and one end of a piece of 74LS244 controls each charactron
Eight segment encodes display number, the other end are connected to control module, and one end of another 74LS244 controls the gating of eight charactrons,
It is another to terminate in control module.
8. using the control method of the bladeless fan system described in claim 1 based on PID negative-feedback regu- lations, feature exists
In including the following steps：
(1) initial setting air speed value is inputed to by control module by keyboard input module；Pressure sensor module detection simultaneously
Atmospheric gas pressure value, and atmospheric pressure value is converted into voltage value analog quantity, voltage value analog quantity is converted to number by serial ports AD conversion module
Word amount, and by the digital transfer to control module；
(2) in order to allow motor drive module output valve can stablize initial setting air speed value on, using closed-loop control plan
Slightly, expression formula is：
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Wherein, n is the time；U (n) is the control variable of n sampling instants output；KPFor proportional control factor；When e (n) samples for n
Carve the deviation between set-point and controlled variable；T is the PID control sampling period；TIFor integration time constant；TDFor derivative time
Constant；Deviations of the e (n-1) between n-1 sampling instants set-point and controlled variable；u0Moment holds before starting for PID adjustings
The input control signal of row device is fixed value.
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| GB2478926A (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-28 | Dyson Technology Ltd | Portable fan with a detachable filter unit |
| CN203038535U (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2013-07-03 | 北京联合大学 | Bladeless fan controller training device |
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| GB2478926A (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-28 | Dyson Technology Ltd | Portable fan with a detachable filter unit |
| GB2505787A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2014-03-12 | Dyson Technology Ltd | Bladeless fan with nozzle with eccentric inner and outer walls |
| CN203038535U (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2013-07-03 | 北京联合大学 | Bladeless fan controller training device |
| CN205401264U (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2016-07-27 | 天津现代职业技术学院 | Bladeless fan simulation natural wind system |
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| "基于FPGA的无叶风扇的设计与实现";孔庆芳;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库，工程科技Ⅱ辑》;20160531(第5期);第18-19、29-44页 * |
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