CN106868525A - Al alloy parts are surface-treated experimental technique - Google Patents

Al alloy parts are surface-treated experimental technique Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106868525A
CN106868525A CN201710176737.2A CN201710176737A CN106868525A CN 106868525 A CN106868525 A CN 106868525A CN 201710176737 A CN201710176737 A CN 201710176737A CN 106868525 A CN106868525 A CN 106868525A
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China
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alkali cleaning
pickling
passivation
shower
switch
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CN201710176737.2A
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CN106868525B (en
Inventor
李勇
韩毅
王昭东
李家栋
付天亮
田勇
王丙兴
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Northeastern University China
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Northeastern University China
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
    • C23G1/12—Light metals
    • C23G1/125—Light metals aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/14—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions
    • C23G1/22—Light metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to Al alloy parts technical field of surface, more particularly to a kind of Al alloy parts surface treatment experimental technique.Experimental technique uses the experimental provision for including alkali cleaning equipment, the first rinsing equipment, pickler, the second rinsing equipment, paralysis facility, the 3rd rinsing equipment, drying plant, pipeline and actuator to perform successively：Alkali cleaning, rinsing, pickling, rinsing, passivation, rinsing, drying.Above-mentioned experimental technique creates the surface treatment flow of alkali cleaning rinsing pickling-rinsing passivation rinsing drying, can be studied based on the surface treatment of the surface treatment flow to Al alloy parts, and obtain a set of suitable, preferable technological parameter for different special aluminum alloy workpiece research, in for actual process production, directive significance is strong.And then, the experimental technique has filled up the blank in the experiment field of the surface treatments of Al alloy parts such as research body of a motor car plate.

Description

Al alloy parts are surface-treated experimental technique
Technical field
It is real the present invention relates to Al alloy parts technical field of surface, more particularly to a kind of surface treatment of Al alloy parts Proved recipe method.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy is most widely used class non-ferrous metal structural material in industry, in Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, machinery Widely applied in manufacture, ship and chemical industry.For the aluminium alloy of structural metallic materials, metal erosion is common And the problem that must be faced.
Specifically, metal erosion can be attributed to the electrochemical reaction between metal and water phase, and metallic atom is oxidized Into metal cation M+, produce the oxidation current IA that solution is flowed to by metal；Simultaneously in solution, charged ion receives from gold The electronics that symbolic animal of the birth year is transmitted, chemically reacts, and causes the ion to be separated out from solution, produces the negative electrode electricity that metal is flowed to by solution Stream IK.Aluminium alloy is acted on and corroded by surrounding medium, and chemistry or electrochemistry heterogeneous reaction occur on the interface of aluminium, is transferred to Al Oxidation (ion) state, can significantly reduce the mechanical properties such as intensity, plasticity, the toughness of aluminium.Exist to suppress Al alloy parts Corrode in storage transportation, and improve its performance, carry out surface treatment imperative.
The surface treatment method for using at present is chemical conversion treatment, and it is in the case of no power, by spray, dipping Or the mode such as brush, and aluminium surface is chemically reacted with oxidizing solution, there is certain adhesive force in its Surface Creation and matrix Insoluble conversion film, be a kind of chemical oxidation treatment.Above-mentioned conversion film is than anode oxide film much thinner, therefore its protection Performance is not so good as anode oxide film, has crossed after the protection period it may happen that corrosion.But this method have many advantages, such as it is as follows：Operation Convenience, simple equipments, cost be not high, process time is short, production efficiency is high, low to base material quality requirements, thus suitable for large quantities of Amount production, not only solves the organic polymer films problem not strong with the tack of alloy matrix aluminum, and contribute to resistance to The raising of corrosion.
Wherein, the chemical conversion treatment of early stage is generally chromate process, because chromium is to environmentally undesirable, is phased out, Particularly prohibitted the use of in Europe, so chemical conversion treatment must be changed to the conversion processing of Chrome-free.
It is body of a motor car plate (ABS) as example using Al alloy parts, as country is more next to the energy, pedestrains safety etc. More pay attention to, automotive light weight technology is imperative.And automobile calorize is the important channel of automotive light weight technology, the research and development of body of a motor car plate Strategic importance is very great.In raising, its is corrosion proof simultaneously for aluminium alloy plate surface treatment, increases the adhesive force to coating, while Sheet resistance is reduced, is that body of a motor car plate produces indispensable critical process beneficial to downstream welding assembly.Current Automobile The surface treatment core process and key technology of body plate are monopolized by developed countries, and independent development will be helpful to Automobile Body plate localization, scientific research value and remarkable in economical benefits.
Correspondingly, the experimental technique for being used to study the surface treatments of Al alloy parts such as body of a motor car plate in laboratory is several Do not have, a small number of simple experimental methods and corresponding experimental provision cause that experimental result is given birth to actual industrial because it is excessively simple The directiveness for producing application is not strong, therefore, need badly a kind of has at the Al alloy parts surface of guiding significance to actual industrial production Reason experimental technique, to fill up the blank in the experiment field of the surface treatment of the Al alloy parts such as research body of a motor car plate.
The content of the invention
(1) technical problem to be solved
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Al alloy parts surface treatment experimental technique, the experimental technique is to actual work Industry production has guiding significance.
(2) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above object, the main technical schemes that the present invention is used include：
The present invention provides a kind of Al alloy parts surface treatment experimental technique, and the experimental provision that the experimental technique is used includes It is alkali cleaning equipment, the first rinsing equipment, pickler, the second rinsing equipment, paralysis facility, the 3rd rinsing equipment, drying plant, defeated Line sending and actuator, wherein, pipeline sequentially pass through alkali cleaning equipment, the first rinsing equipment, pickler, second rinsing set Standby, paralysis facility, the 3rd rinsing equipment and drying plant；Actuator drives pipeline to drive Al alloy parts to travel forward, and Step is handled as follows successively to Al alloy parts：S1, alkali cleaning equipment carry out alkali cleaning to Al alloy parts；S2, the first rinsing Equipment is rinsed to the Al alloy parts after alkali cleaning；Al alloy parts after S3, pickler are rinsed to alkali cleaning carry out pickling； S4, the second rinsing equipment are rinsed to the Al alloy parts after pickling；S5, paralysis facility are to the aluminium alloy work after pickling-rinsing Part is passivated；S6, the 3rd rinsing equipment are rinsed to the Al alloy parts after passivation；S7, drying plant are rinsed to passivation Al alloy parts afterwards are dried.
According to the present invention, experimental provision also includes central controller；Alkali cleaning equipment includes alkali cleaning spray groove, alkali cleaning shower, alkali Nozzle, alkali cleaning circulating tank, alkali cleaning water pump, alkali cleaning head tank and alkali cleaning deionization water pot are washed, alkali cleaning shower is fixed on alkali cleaning spray Drench on groove, alkali cleaning nozzle is fixed on alkali cleaning shower and is connected with alkali cleaning shower, and bottom and the alkali cleaning of alkali cleaning spray groove are followed The entrance connection of ring tank, the entrance of alkali cleaning shower is by alkali cleaning water pump and the outlet of alkali cleaning circulating tank, alkali cleaning circulating tank With alkali cleaning head tank and alkali cleaning deionization water pot respectively by the first alkali cleaning switch and the second alkali cleaning switch it is selectable connect, Alkali cleaning conductivity meter is provided with the bottom of alkali cleaning spray groove, alkali cleaning conductivity meter is connected with central controller communication, central controller and first Alkali cleaning is switched and the second alkali cleaning switch communication connection；In step sl, alkali cleaning, alkali cleaning are carried out by the way of alkali wash water is sprayed Cheng Zhong, the electrical conductivity of the alkali wash water after alkali cleaning conductivity meter real-time detection spray, and the electrical conductivity is delivered to central controller, at this When electrical conductivity is higher than setting range, central controller controls the second alkali cleaning switch open to control the first alkali cleaning switch to close simultaneously, at this When electrical conductivity is less than setting range, central controller controls the first alkali cleaning switch open to control the second alkali cleaning switch to close simultaneously, at this Electrical conductivity is located at when in setting range, and central controller controls the first alkali cleaning switch and the second alkali cleaning switch to be turned off.
According to the present invention, pickler includes pickling spray groove, pickling shower, pickling nozzle, pickling circulating tank, pickling Water pump, pickling head tank and pickling deionization water pot, pickling shower are fixed on pickling spray groove, and pickling nozzle is fixed on acid Connected on washing and spraying pipe and with pickling shower, the bottom of pickling spray groove connects with the entrance of pickling circulating tank, pickling spray The entrance of pipe is by pickling water pump and the outlet of pickling circulating tank, pickling circulating tank and pickling head tank and pickling deionization Water pot respectively by the first pickling switch and the second pickling switch it is selectable connect, be provided with the bottom of pickling spray groove Line fluorine ion instrument, online fluorine ion instrument is connected with central controller communication, and central controller leads to the first pickling switch and the second pickling switch News connection；In step s3, pickling is carried out by the way of spray acid washing lotion, in acid cleaning process, online fluorine ion instrument is real-time The fluorinion concentration of the pickle after detection spray, and the fluorinion concentration is delivered to central controller, it is high in the fluorinion concentration When setting range, central controller controls the first pickling switch open to control the second pickling switch to close simultaneously, in fluorinion concentration During less than setting range, central controller controls the second pickling switch open to control the first pickling switch to close simultaneously, dense in fluorine ion Degree is located at when in setting range, and central controller controls the first pickling switch and the second pickling switch to be turned off.
According to the present invention, paralysis facility includes passivation spray groove, passivation shower, passivation nozzle, passivation cycle tank, passivation Water pump, passivation head tank and passivation deionization water pot, passivation shower are fixed on passivation spray groove, and passivation nozzle is fixed on blunt Change on shower and connected with passivation shower, the bottom for being passivated spray groove connects with the entrance of passivation cycle tank, passivation spray The entrance of pipe passivation cycle tank and passivation head tank and is passivated deionization by being passivated the outlet of water pump and passivation cycle tank Water pot is connected by the way that the first passivation switch is selectable with the second passivation switch respectively；Wherein, in the bottom of passivation spray groove Passivation conductivity meter is provided with, passivation conductivity meter is connected with central controller communication, central controller and the first passivation switch and second are passivated Switch communication connection；In step s 5, it is passivated by the way of passivating solution is sprayed, in passivating process, is passivated conductivity meter The electrical conductivity of the passivating solution after real-time detection spray, and the electrical conductivity is delivered to central controller, in the electrical conductivity higher than setting model When enclosing, central controller control second is passivated switch open and controls the first passivation switch to close simultaneously, in the electrical conductivity less than setting model When enclosing, central controller control first is passivated switch open and controls the second passivation switch to close simultaneously, and setting model is located in the electrical conductivity When enclosing interior, central controller control the first passivation switch and the second passivation switch are turned off.
According to the present invention, raw material of the alkali wash water comprising following weight parts：20 parts of potassium hydroxide, 25 parts of sodium tripolyphosphates, 10 Part anhydrous sodium metasilicate, 5 parts of natrium carbonicum calcinatums, 5 parts of triethanolamines, 2 parts of neopelexes；Pickle includes following weight The raw material of part：30 portions of sulfuric acid, 45 portions of nitric acid, 10 portions of ammonium acid fluorides, 1 portion of APES, 1 portion of carboxycellulose salt.
According to the present invention, in alkali cleaning equipment, equidistant 6-8 roots alkali cleaning spray is respectively set above and below pipeline Pipe, the alkali cleaning nozzle of top alkali cleaning shower is fixed downward, and the alkali cleaning nozzle of lower section alkali cleaning shower is fixed upward, The distance of adjacent two alkali cleaning showers is 2-3cm, the alkali cleaning nozzle spaced set on every alkali cleaning shower, alkali cleaning nozzle Outlet a diameter of 0.5-0.6cm, the distance between two neighboring alkali cleaning nozzle is 2-3cm, and being exported to for alkali cleaning nozzle is defeated The distance of line sending is located at 30-45cm；In pickler, equidistant 4-6 roots pickling is respectively set above and below pipeline Shower, the pickling nozzle of top pickling shower is fixed downward, and the pickling nozzle of lower section pickling shower is upward Fixed, the distance of adjacent two pickling showers is 3-4cm, the pickling nozzle spaced set on every pickling shower, acid The distance between a diameter of 0.6-0.7cm of the outlet of nozzle, two neighboring pickling nozzle are washed for 3-4cm, pickling nozzle goes out Mouth to the distance of pipeline is located at 30-45cm.
According to the present invention, alkali cleaning equipment, pickler and paralysis facility also include temperature sensor, heater and can Control silicon thermoregulating system, temperature sensor and heater are arranged on the bottom of corresponding spray groove, and temperature sensor and heating are filled Put and be connected with controllable silicon thermoregulating system.
According to the present invention, alkali cleaning equipment, pickler and paralysis facility also include pressure sensor, pressure regulator valve, PLC controls System processed, pressure sensor and pressure regulator valve are arranged on the pipeline that corresponding water pump is connected with corresponding shower, PLC controls system System is connected with pressure sensor and pressure regulator valve；Alkali cleaning equipment, pickler and paralysis facility also include flowmeter and frequency converter, Alkali cleaning water pump, pickling water pump, passivation water pump are variable frequency pump, and flowmeter is connected with frequency converter, frequency converter and corresponding water pump Connection, flowmeter is arranged on the pipeline that corresponding circulating tank is connected with corresponding shower.
According to the present invention, experimental provision also includes roll coating apparatus, and roll coating apparatus are located at the downstream of drying plant, and pipeline is worn Roll coating apparatus are crossed, wherein, roll coating apparatus include feeding roller, the coating roller positioned at feeding roller downstream, determining positioned at coating roller downstream Deflector roll and the support roller below coating roller；Following steps are performed after step S7：S8, roll coating apparatus are after the drying The surface of Al alloy parts forms lube layer.
According to the present invention, the pH value of alkali wash water in the range of 8-12, temperature in the range of 30-80 DEG C, the alkali cleaning time In the range of 2-10s, spray pressure is in the range of 2-6bar；In the range of 1-5, temperature is in 30- for the pH value of pickle In the range of 80 DEG C, in the range of 1-7s, spray pressure is in the range of 2-6bar for pickling time；The pH value of passivating solution is in 2- In the range of 6, in the range of 10-70 DEG C, passivation time is in the range of 2-15s for temperature.
(3) beneficial effect
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Al alloy parts surface treatment experimental technique of the invention creates alkali cleaning-rinsing-pickling-rinsing-passivation-drift The surface treatment flow washed-dry, can be studied based on the surface treatment of the surface treatment flow to Al alloy parts, and pin A set of suitable, preferable technological parameter is obtained to different special aluminum alloy workpiece (such as body of a motor car aluminium sheet) research, with In being produced for actual process, directive significance is strong.And then, the experimental technique has filled up the aluminium alloy works such as research body of a motor car plate The blank in the experiment field of the surface treatment of part.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a part for the experimental provision of the experimental technique application that embodiment one is provided in following specific embodiment Structural representation；
Fig. 2 is another portion of the experimental provision of the experimental technique application that embodiment one is provided in following specific embodiment Separation structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet of the experimental technique that embodiment one is provided in following specific embodiment；
Fig. 4 is the pattern micro-organization chart of the passivating film formed after step S1 to S7 in the experimental technique provided in Fig. 1.
【Description of reference numerals】
In figure：
1：Electrical system；2：Pipeline；3：Actuator；4：Alkali cleaning equipment；5：First rinsing equipment；6：Pickler；7： Second rinsing equipment；8：Paralysis facility；9：3rd rinsing equipment；10：Drying plant；11：Roll coating apparatus；12：Alkali cleaning nozzle； 13：Alkali cleaning water pump；14：Heater；15：Infrared heater；16：Stirring blower fan；17：Feeding roller；18：Coating roller；19：Branch Support roller；20：Determine deflector roll；21：Motor；22：Nozzle；23：Water pump；24：Pickling nozzle；25：Pickling water pump；26：Passivation nozzle； 27：Passivation water pump.
Specific embodiment
In order to preferably explain the present invention, in order to understand, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, by specific embodiment, to this hair It is bright to be described in detail.
Embodiment one
Referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 3, introduce first and a kind of Al alloy parts surface treatment experimental technique institute is provided in the present embodiment The experimental provision of use, the experimental provision include alkali cleaning equipment 4, the first rinsing equipment 5, pickler 6, the second rinsing equipment 7, Paralysis facility 8, the 3rd rinsing equipment 9, drying plant 10, pipeline 2 and actuator 3, wherein, pipeline 2 is closed for conveying aluminum Metal working part, along conveying direction (i.e. from the direction of upstream toward downstream), pipeline 2 sequentially passes through alkali cleaning equipment 4, the first rinsing equipment 5th, pickler 6, the second rinsing equipment 7, paralysis facility 8, the 3rd rinsing equipment 9, drying plant 10.
In experimentation, actuator 3 drives pipeline 2 to drive Al alloy parts to travel forward, and to Al alloy parts Step is handled as follows successively：
S1, alkali cleaning equipment 4 carry out alkali cleaning to Al alloy parts；
S2, the first rinsing equipment 5 are rinsed to the Al alloy parts after alkali cleaning；
Al alloy parts after S3, pickler 6 are rinsed to alkali cleaning carry out pickling；
S4, the second rinsing equipment 7 are rinsed to the Al alloy parts after pickling；
S5, paralysis facility 8 are passivated to the Al alloy parts after pickling-rinsing；
Al alloy parts after S6, the 9 pairs of passivation of the 3rd rinsing equipment are rinsed；
Al alloy parts after S7,10 pairs of passivation rinsings of drying plant are dried.
Specifically, 4 and first rinsing equipment of alkali cleaning equipment 5 constitutes alkali wash section, and step S1 and the main effects of step S2 are The greasy dirt and solid particle (aluminium powder etc.) on removal Al alloy parts surface.For example, being passed through for making the aluminium strip of body of a motor car aluminium sheet After crossing the techniques such as rolling, aluminium strip surface can be stained with the greasy dirts such as ROLLING OIL, base oil, antioxidant, EP agent, and also exist Physical aluminium powder and other particles, are that subsequent chemistry conversion processing (being passivated) brings strong influence, and alkali cleaning and rinsing are exactly These impurity are removed by alkaline solution and is rinsed.
Specifically, 6 and second rinsing equipment of pickler 7 constitutes pickling section, and step S3 and the main effects of step S4 are Insoluble alloying element (Si, Mg, Mn etc.) and residual oxide layer on removal Al alloy parts.
Specifically, 8 and second rinsing equipment of paralysis facility 7 constitutes passivation section, and step S5 and the main effects of step S6 are It is anticorrosion, anti-oxidation, slow down the generation of oxide layer, protection Al alloy parts surface.Also, because being passivated the passivating film for generating very Thin, resistivity is low, so Al alloy parts sheet resistance is minimized.Additionally, for needing the aluminium of welding to close in downstream process For metal working part, can enable aluminum alloy to workpiece has good welding performance, beneficial to downstream welding assembly.In addition, also closing aluminium Metal working part has good adhesive property, and increases the adhesive force to coating (paint).
Thus, the Al alloy parts surface treatment experimental technique of the present embodiment creates alkali cleaning-rinsing-pickling-rinsing-blunt Change-rinsing-drying surface treatment flow simultaneously realized via the experimental provision for createing, the surface treatment flow pair can be based on The surface treatment of Al alloy parts is studied, and is studied for different special aluminum alloy workpiece (such as body of a motor car aluminium sheet) A set of suitable, preferable technological parameter is obtained, in being produced for actual process, directive significance is strong.And then, the experimental technique The blank in the experiment field of the surface treatments of Al alloy parts such as research body of a motor car plate is filled up.
Specifically, alkali cleaning equipment 4 is sprinkling equipment, and alkali cleaning equipment 4 specifically includes alkali cleaning spray groove, alkali cleaning shower, alkali Nozzle 12, alkali cleaning circulating tank, alkali cleaning water pump 13 (preferably centrifugal water pump) are washed, alkali cleaning shower is fixed on alkali cleaning spray groove, Alkali cleaning nozzle 12 is fixed on alkali cleaning shower and is connected with alkali cleaning shower, and alkali is respectively provided with above and below pipeline 2 Washing and spraying pipe, the alkali cleaning nozzle 12 of top alkali cleaning shower is fixed downward, the court of alkali cleaning nozzle 12 of lower section alkali cleaning shower Fix upward, with to two surface injection alkali wash waters up and down of the Al alloy parts on pipeline 2.Alkali cleaning spray trench bottom leads to Cross pipeline to be connected with the entrance of alkali cleaning circulating tank, the entrance of alkali cleaning water pump 13 passes through the outlet of pipeline and alkali cleaning circulating tank, The entrance of alkali cleaning shower is by pipeline and the outlet of alkali cleaning water pump 13.Thus, alkali wash water is sprayed by alkali cleaning shower, Alkali cleaning spray trench bottom is fallen into after ejection, alkali cleaning circulating tank is entered by pipeline from alkali cleaning spray trench bottom, then circulated by alkali cleaning Tank is pumped to alkali cleaning shower by alkali cleaning water pump 13, and formation is recycled.
Preferably, in alkali cleaning equipment 4, equidistant 6-8 roots alkali cleaning spray is respectively set above and below pipeline 2 Pipe, the alkali cleaning nozzle 12 of top alkali cleaning shower is fixed downward, and the alkali cleaning nozzle 12 of lower section alkali cleaning shower is upward Fixed, the distance of adjacent two alkali cleaning showers is 2-3cm, the spaced set of alkali cleaning nozzle 12 on every alkali cleaning shower, The distance between a diameter of 0.5-0.6cm of the outlet of alkali cleaning nozzle 12, two neighboring alkali cleaning nozzle 12 are 2-3cm, alkali cleaning spray The distance for being exported to pipeline 2 of mouth 12 is located at 30-45cm.So plant the setting of nozzle and shower, it is ensured that spray is close Collection is uniform and cleaning strength is moderate, can improve cleaning performance.
Further, alkali cleaning equipment 4 also includes alkali cleaning head tank, and alkali cleaning head tank is used to store alkali wash water stoste, and alkali cleaning is former The outlet of batch can is connected with alkali cleaning circulating tank, supply alkali wash water stoste in alkali cleaning circulating tank is thought, to adjust the alkali cleaning for spraying out PH value of liquid etc..Wherein, the first alkali cleaning switch, the first alkali are provided with the pipeline between alkali cleaning circulating tank and alkali cleaning head tank Washing switch can select the connection of the two and disconnect.
Further, alkali cleaning equipment 4 also includes alkali cleaning deionization water pot, and deionized water is stored in alkali cleaning deionization water pot, Alkali cleaning deionization water pot is connected with alkali cleaning circulating tank, to be thought and feed deionized water in alkali cleaning circulating tank.In alkali cleaning circulating tank and alkali Wash away and the second alkali cleaning switch is provided with the pipeline between ion water pot, the second alkali cleaning switch can select the company's through and off of the two Open.
Further, experimental provision also includes central controller, and the central controller is switched and above-mentioned second alkali with above-mentioned first alkali cleaning Switch communication connection is washed, to control the opening and closing of the two.
Further, alkali cleaning conductivity meter is provided with the bottom of the alkali cleaning spray groove of alkali cleaning equipment 4, for real-time detection alkali The electrical conductivity of the alkali wash water of washing and spraying trench bottom, alkali cleaning conductivity meter is connected with central controller communication.
Further, alkali wash water contains potassium hydroxide, sodium tripolyphosphate and the surfactant (surface for mixing according to a certain percentage Activating agent can select neopelex), certainly, can also contain other additives.In the present embodiment, alkali wash water is included The raw material of following weight parts：20 parts of potassium hydroxide, 25 parts of sodium tripolyphosphates, 10 parts of anhydrous sodium metasilicates, 5 parts of natrium carbonicum calcinatums, 5 parts Triethanolamine, 2 parts of neopelexes.The washing force of this alkali wash water is strong, and to Al alloy parts without unnecessary damage.Can manage Solution, the proportioning of above-mentioned alkali wash water namely the proportioning of alkali wash water stoste, may be identical between alkali wash water and alkali wash water stoste, it is also possible to It is only that the content of deionized water is different, in most cases, it is necessary to form alkali after alkali wash water stoste is added into deionized water dilution Washing lotion.
With reference to the above-mentioned description to alkali cleaning equipment, in step sl, alkali cleaning is carried out with alkali wash water using spray mode, sprayed Pressure is in the range of 2-6bar.The pH value of alkali wash water is in the range of 8-12.Additionally, the temperature of alkali wash water is at 30-80 DEG C In the range of, the alkali cleaning time is in the range of 2-10s.
Further, in alkaline cleaning procedure, the electrical conductivity of the alkali wash water after alkali cleaning conductivity meter real-time detection spray, and should Electrical conductivity is delivered to central controller, and when the electrical conductivity is higher than setting range, central controller controls the second same time control of alkali cleaning switch open The first alkali cleaning switch is made to close, to add alkali wash water stoste in alkali wash water, when the electrical conductivity is less than setting range, central controller The first alkali cleaning switch open is controlled to control the second alkali cleaning switch to close simultaneously, to add deionized water in alkali wash water, in the electricity Conductance is located at when in setting range, and central controller controls the first alkali cleaning switch and the second alkali cleaning switch to be turned off.Thus, real-time monitoring The electrical conductivity of the alkali wash water after spray, keeps electrical conductivity within the specific limits, is higher or lower than such as the scope, can change alkali wash water Concentration (deionized water is added i.e. in alkali wash water or alkali wash water stoste is added), it is and then clear according to the overall control of " free alkali " Quality is washed, cleaning performance can be improved.Also, it is both convenient by central controller control, and accurately, further ensure cleaning effect Really.
Specifically, the first rinsing equipment 5 is sprinkling equipment, and sprinkling equipment includes spray groove, shower, nozzle 22, circulation Tank, water pump 23 (preferably centrifugal water pump), shower is fixed on spray groove, and nozzle 22 is fixed on shower and and shower Connection, is respectively provided with shower above and below pipeline 2, and the nozzle 22 of top shower is fixed downward, lower section spray The nozzle 22 of shower pipe is fixed upward, with to two surface injection deionized waters up and down of the Al alloy parts on pipeline 2. Spray trench bottom is connected by pipeline with the entrance of circulating tank, and the entrance of water pump 23 passes through the outlet of pipeline and circulating tank, The entrance of shower is by pipeline and the outlet of water pump 23.Thus, deionized water is sprayed by shower, is fallen into after ejection Spray trench bottom, enters circulating tank, then be pumped to shower, shape by water pump 23 by circulating tank from spray trench bottom by pipeline Into recycling.Sprinkling equipment also includes head tank, and deionized water is stored in head tank, and outlet and the circulating tank of head tank connect It is logical, to think and feed deionized water in circulating tank.
Corresponding to above-mentioned first rinsing equipment 5, in step s 2, rinsed with deionized water using spray mode, during rinsing Between in the range of 0.5-5s, ensure Al alloy parts surface oil-free without solid particle after alkali cleaning and rinsing, in an experiment, can be with Visually observe Al alloy parts surface.
Further, pickler 6 is sprinkling equipment, and pickler 6 includes pickling spray groove, pickling shower, pickling spray Mouth 24, pickling circulating tank, pickling water pump 25 (preferably centrifugal water pump), pickling shower is fixed on pickling spray groove, pickling Nozzle 24 is fixed on pickling shower and is connected with pickling shower, and pickling spray is respectively provided with above and below pipeline 2 Shower pipe, the pickling nozzle 24 of top pickling shower is fixed downward, and the pickling nozzle 24 of lower section pickling shower is towards upper Side is fixed, with to two surface injection pickles up and down of the Al alloy parts on pipeline 2.Pickling spray trench bottom is by pipe Road connects with the entrance of pickling circulating tank, and the entrance of pickling water pump 25 is by pipeline and the outlet of pickling circulating tank, pickling The entrance of shower is by pipeline and the outlet of pickling water pump 25.Thus, pickle is sprayed by pickling shower, is sprayed After fall into pickling spray trench bottom, pickling circulating tank is entered by pipeline from pickling spray trench bottom, then led to by pickling circulating tank Overpickling water pump 25 is pumped to pickling shower, and formation is recycled.
Preferably, in pickler 6, equidistant 4-6 roots pickling spray is respectively set above and below pipeline 2 Pipe, the pickling nozzle 24 of top pickling shower is fixed downward, and the pickling nozzle 24 of lower section pickling shower is upward Fixed, the distance of adjacent two pickling showers is 3-4cm, the spaced set of pickling nozzle 24 on every pickling shower, The distance between a diameter of 0.6-0.7cm of the outlet of pickling nozzle 24, two neighboring pickling nozzle 24 are 3-4cm, pickling spray The distance for being exported to pipeline 2 of mouth 24 is located at 30-45cm.The setting of such shower and nozzle, is capable of achieving intensive uniform Ground spray and spraying intensity are moderate, are favorably improved cleaning performance.
Further, pickler 6 also includes pickling head tank, and pickle stoste is stored in pickling head tank, and pickling is former The outlet of batch can is connected with pickling circulating tank, supply pickle stoste in pickling circulating tank is thought, to adjust the pH value of pickle Deng.Wherein, the first pickling switch is provided with the pipeline between pickling circulating tank and pickling head tank, the first pickling switch can To select the connection of the two and disconnect.
Further, pickler 6 also includes pickling deionization water pot, pickling deionization water pot oil in reserve deionized water, acid Wash away ion water pot to be connected with pickling circulating tank, to think and feed deionized water in pickling circulating tank.In pickling circulating tank and pickling The second pickling switch is provided with pipeline between deionization water pot, the second pickling switch can select the company's through and off of the two Open.
Further, central controller is switched with above-mentioned first pickling and above-mentioned second pickling switch communication is connected, to control the two Opening and closing.
Further, online fluorine ion instrument is set in the bottom of the pickling spray groove of pickler 6, after detecting spray The fluorinion concentration of pickle, online fluorine ion instrument is connected with central controller communication.
Further, pickle sulfur acid and/or nitric acid, also contain fluoride and surfactant.Preferably, pickling liquid-based This composition is mixed by a certain percentage by sulfuric acid, nitric acid, fluoride and surfactant, certainly, can also be added some other Additive.In the present embodiment, raw material of the pickle comprising following weight parts：30 parts of sulfuric acid, 45 parts of nitric acid, 10 parts of hydrogen fluoride Ammonium, 1 portion of APES, 1 portion of carboxycellulose salt.The washing force of this pickle is strong, and to Al alloy parts without many Remaining damage.It is understood that the proportioning of the proportioning of above-mentioned pickle namely pickle stoste, may between pickle and pickle stoste It is identical, it is also possible to be only that the content of deionized water is different, in most cases, it is necessary to add deionized water dilute pickle stoste Pickle is formed after releasing.
With reference to the above-mentioned description to pickler, in step s3, pickling is carried out with pickle using spray mode, sprayed Pressure is in the range of 2-6bar.The pH value of the pickle for spraying out is in the range of 1-5.Additionally, the temperature of pickle exists In the range of 30-80 DEG C, pickling time is in the range of 1-7s.
Further, acid cleaning process can produce certain etching to Al alloy parts surface, be detected by online fluorine ion instrument The fluorinion concentration of the pickle after spray, control fluorinion concentration in setting range, so as to control etching speed.Example Such as, the fluorinion concentration of the pickle after spray is too high, illustrates that etching speed is slower, then can improve the concentration (example of pickle Such as to addition pickle stoste in pickle)；The fluorinion concentration of the pickle after spray is too low, illustrates that etching speed is very fast, The concentration (such as to add deionized water in pickle) of pickle can then be reduced.
Specifically, the fluorinion concentration of the pickle after line fluorine ion instrument real-time detection spray, and by the fluorine ion Concentration is delivered to central controller, and when the fluorinion concentration is higher than setting range, central controller controls the first pickling switch open simultaneously Control the second pickling to switch to close, with to pickle stoste is added in pickle, when fluorinion concentration is less than setting range, in Control device controls the second pickling switch open to control the first pickling switch to close simultaneously, with to adding deionized water in pickle, Fluorinion concentration is located at when in setting range, and central controller controls the first pickling switch and the second pickling switch to be turned off.
Thus, etching speed is controlled by the monitoring and regulation of fluorinion concentration, improves cleaning quality, it is ensured that cleaning is dry The damage to Al alloy parts is avoided in the case of net as far as possible.Also, it is both convenient using central controller control, and accurately, contribute to The raising of cleaning quality.
Certainly, also fluorinion concentration can be controlled by changing spray rate.All it is able in etching speed and pickling time In the case of control, etch amount is also controlled.Also, spray mode is not limited to, pickling can also use impregnation method.
Further, the second rinsing equipment 7 is sprinkling equipment, with the first rinsing equipment 5, be will not be repeated here.In step S4 In, being rinsed with deionized water using spray mode, the surface of Al alloy parts has relatively low resistance after pickling and rinsing, rinses Time ensures the pickle for not having residual on the Al alloy parts after rinsing in the range of 1-9s.
Further, specifically, paralysis facility 8 is sprinkling equipment, and paralysis facility 8 specifically includes passivation spray groove, passivation spray Shower pipe, passivation nozzle 26, passivation cycle tank, passivation water pump 27 (preferably centrifugal water pump), passivation shower are fixed on passivation spray Drench on groove, passivation nozzle 26 is fixed on passivation shower and is connected with passivation shower, above and below pipeline 2 Passivation shower is set, and the passivation nozzle 26 of top passivation shower is fixed downward, the passivation spray of lower section passivation shower Mouth 26 is fixed upward, with to two surface injection passivating solutions up and down of the Al alloy parts on pipeline 2.Passivation spray groove Bottom is connected by pipeline with the entrance of passivation cycle tank, is passivated the entrance of water pump 27 by the outlet of pipeline and passivation cycle tank Connection, is passivated the entrance of shower by pipeline and the outlet for being passivated water pump 27.Thus, passivating solution is by being passivated shower Spray, passivation spray trench bottom is fallen into after ejection, passivation cycle tank is entered by pipeline from passivation spray trench bottom, then by being passivated Circulating tank is pumped to passivation shower by being passivated water pump 27, and formation is recycled.
Further, paralysis facility 8 also includes passivation head tank, and passivating solution stoste is stored in passivation head tank, and passivation is former The outlet of batch can is connected with passivation cycle tank, supply passivating solution stoste in passivation cycle tank is thought, to adjust the concentration of passivating solution Deng.Wherein, the first passivation switch is provided with the pipeline between passivation cycle tank and passivation head tank, the first passivation switch can To select the connection of the two and disconnect.
Further, passivating solution is Zr-Ti passivator, and Zr-Ti passivator main component is that inorganic basal liquid compounds organic matter Additive, inorganic basal liquid is the inorganic solution containing zirconium and titanium ion, and organics additive selects organosilicon, certainly, Zr-Ti Other compositions can also be contained in passivator.It is understood that the proportioning of the proportioning of above-mentioned passivating solution namely passivating solution stoste, passivating solution and May be identical between passivating solution stoste, it is also possible to be only that the content of deionized water is different, in most cases, it is necessary to by passivating solution Stoste forms passivating solution after adding deionized water dilution.
Further, paralysis facility 8 also includes passivation deionization water pot, and deionized water is stored in passivation deionization water pot, Passivation deionization water pot is connected with passivation cycle tank, to be thought and feed deionized water in passivation cycle tank.In passivation cycle tank and blunt Change and the second passivation switch is provided with the pipeline between deionization water pot, the second passivation switch can select the company's through and off of the two Open.Central controller is connected with the first passivation switch and the second passivation switch communication, to control the opening and closing of the two.
Further, conductivity meter is provided with the bottom of the passivation spray groove of paralysis facility 8, conductivity meter is used for real-time detection The electrical conductivity of the passivating solution of passivation spray trench bottom, passivation conductivity meter is connected with central controller communication.
With reference to the above-mentioned description to paralysis facility, in step s 5, it is passivated by the way of passivating solution is sprayed, is sprayed Pressure is in the range of 1-5bar.The pH value of the passivating solution for spraying out is in the range of 2-6.Additionally, the temperature of passivating solution is in 10- In the range of 70 DEG C, passivation time is in the range of 2-15s.
Further, in passivating process, the electrical conductivity of the passivating solution after real-time monitoring spray keeps electrical conductivity in certain model It is higher or lower than such as the scope in enclosing, (passivating solution raw material that will be in head tank imports circulating tank can to change the concentration of passivating solution Or to water filling in circulating tank), and then control passivating film formation speed, in the case of certain passivation time, and then be used for Thickness to passivating film is controlled, and improves passivation quality.
Specifically, the electrical conductivity of the passivating solution after passivation conductivity meter real-time detection spray, and the electrical conductivity is conveyed To central controller, when the electrical conductivity is higher than setting range, central controller control second is passivated switch open and controls first to be passivated simultaneously Switch is closed, and with to deionized water is added in passivating solution, when the electrical conductivity is less than setting range, central controller control first is passivated Switch open controls the second passivation switch to close simultaneously, to add passivating solution stoste in passivating solution, is located in the electrical conductivity and set Determine when in scope, central controller control the first passivation switch and the second passivation switch are turned off.The control of central controller, not only convenient but also standard Really, the raising of passivation quality is contributed to.
Certainly, in other embodiments, passivation can also use impregnation method or roll coating model, use roll coating model When, passivating solution can directly be used without dilution, and the roller coat time is less than or equal to 5s, and can be equipped with offline sheet resistance detector is carried out Offline selective examination detection.Roll coating model is very high for the shape of Al alloy parts, the surface quality of paint roller, installation accuracy requirement, easily There is holiday, apply irregular situation, and need regular roll change, roll change trouble.Advantage is that to save consumption, equipment size small, but just Beginning, investment is high, and maintenance requirement is high.Therefore, passivation is preferably by the way of spray and dipping.
Further, the 3rd rinsing equipment 9 is sprinkling equipment, with the first rinsing equipment 5, be will not be repeated here.In step S6 In, being rinsed with deionized water using spray mode, rinsing time ensures the aluminium alloy work after rinsing in the range of 0.5-5s The passivating solution of noresidue on part.
Further, in the present embodiment, the fuselage of drying plant 10 uses carbon steel sheet plastic-spraying, and drying plant 10 includes infrared Line heater 15 (such as quartz infrared cooker fluorescent tube) and stirring blower fan 16, stirring blower fan 16 cause the quick of aluminium alloy surrounding air Flowing, infrared heater 15 is heated to air, and thus the surface to Al alloy parts is dried.
In the step s 7, drying temperature is in the range of 50-150 DEG C, it is preferred to use infrared heater 15 and stirring wind Machine 16 realizes drying, that is, stir the quick flowing that blower fan 16 causes aluminium alloy surrounding air, and infrared heater 15 enters to air Row heating, thus the surface to Al alloy parts is dried, and stirring blower fan 16 is centrifugal blower, and power is 370W, and rotating speed is 2800r/min, is 26.7m/s in the wind speed at air outlet 10cm, and frequency setting is peak frequency 50Hz, and blast is 0.96KPa, drying time ensures the surface of the Al alloy parts after drying without washmarking in 5-15s.Meanwhile, it is equipped with offline table Surface resistance detector carries out offline selective examination detection.
Further, more specifically, the nozzle in alkali cleaning equipment 4, pickler 6 and paralysis facility 8 is fast disassembly type nozzle, Form fan-spray, maximum rational in infrastructure.Nozzle in three rinsing equipments uses the small nozzles of PVC, forms fan Shape is sprayed.
More specifically, the bottom land of the spray groove in each sprinkling equipment be it is inclined, can raffinate in emptying groove, it is convenient Cleaning.
Further, as alkali cleaning equipment 4, the first rinsing equipment 5, pickler 6, the second rinsing equipment 7, paralysis facility 8 Also include temperature sensor, heater (to mark " 14 " to show) and controllable silicon with the sprinkling equipment of the 3rd rinsing equipment 9 Thermoregulating system, temperature sensor and heater are arranged on the bottom of corresponding spray groove, temperature sensor and heater with Controllable silicon thermoregulating system is connected.The temperature of the controllable treatment fluid of controllable silicon thermoregulating system meets the requirement of respective handling step, example Such as, in alkali cleaning equipment 4, controllable silicon thermoregulating system controls the constant a certain value in the range of 30-80 DEG C of temperature of alkali wash water；Acid Wash in equipment 6, controllable silicon thermoregulating system controls the constant a certain value in the range of 30-80 DEG C of temperature of pickle；Passivation sets In standby 8, controllable silicon thermoregulating system controls the constant a certain value in the range of 10-70 DEG C of temperature of passivating solution.
Further, as alkali cleaning equipment 4, the first rinsing equipment 5, pickler 6, the second rinsing equipment 7, paralysis facility 8 Sprinkling equipment with the 3rd rinsing equipment 9 also includes pressure sensor, pressure regulator valve, PLC control system, pressure sensor and tune Pressure valve is arranged on the pipeline that corresponding water pump is connected with corresponding shower, PLC control system and pressure sensor and pressure regulation Valve is connected, and the controllable spray pressure of PLC control system meets the requirement of respective handling step, for example, in alkali cleaning equipment 4, PLC controls System processed controls the constant a certain value in the range of 2-6bar of spray pressure.In pickler 6, PLC control system control spray Drench the constant a certain value in the range of 2-6bar of pressure；In paralysis facility 8, PLC control system control spray pressure it is constant A certain value in the range of 1-5bar.
Wherein it is preferred to, pressure sensor uses PP diaphragms, makes pressure more accurate reliable.
Further, in the present embodiment, set as alkali cleaning equipment 4, the first rinsing equipment 5, the rinsing of pickler 6, second Standby 7, the sprinkling equipment of the rinsing equipment 9 of paralysis facility 8 and the 3rd also includes flowmeter and frequency converter, and flowmeter connects with frequency converter Connect, frequency converter is connected with corresponding water pump, flowmeter is arranged on the pipeline that corresponding circulating tank is connected with corresponding shower, Thus can control the flow for the treatment of fluid (alkali wash water/pickle/passivating solution/deionized water).
Further, in the present embodiment, set as alkali cleaning equipment 4, the first rinsing equipment 5, the rinsing of pickler 6, second Standby 7, the sprinkling equipment of the rinsing equipment 9 of paralysis facility 8 and the 3rd also includes multiple filtration system, and multiple filtration system can be connected In any position for the treatment of fluid circulation line, it is used to protect corresponding water pump and corresponding nozzle, prevents from blocking.
Further, in the present embodiment, the fuselage of roll coating apparatus 11 uses high-quality square tube, and cover is stainless steel plate.Roller coat sets Standby 11 include feeding roller 17, determine deflector roll 20 and in application in the coating roller 18 in the downstream of feeding roller 17, in the downstream of coating roller 18 The support roller 19 of the lower section of roller 18.Wherein, coating roller 18 is rubber roll, preferably ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber roll；Feeding roller 17 and determine deflector roll 20 is steel rider.Coating roller 18 is isometrical with support roller 19, and support roller 19 sets up frictional force to Al alloy parts jointly with coating roller 18, The application of gentle support coating roller 18, can up and down adjust the distance between coating roller 18 and support roller 19, to adapt to different aluminum alloys The thickness of workpiece.Roll coating apparatus 11 also include motor 21, to provide power, it is preferable that motor 21 is variable-frequency motor.Experimental technique Also include step S8, i.e., the surface of Al alloy parts after the drying forms lube layer, and Main Function is in Al alloy parts Its surface is protected in storage and transportation, the mutual gouging abrasion of two neighboring Al alloy parts is prevented, paper is saved and is taken out, reduce behaviour Workmanship works out, and and coefficient of friction suitable with the performance of punching oil is evenly, so as to improve punching press rate, reduces mould consumption. Above-mentioned lube layer uses roll coating model, wherein, the raw material for forming lube layer is in fluorated solvent mixing perfluoro polyether oil The liquid fluorine element lubricant that addition Ultra-low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylgranule granule is formed, lube layer is used without surface contamination problem Weakly alkaline solution can just be cleaned to surface.
Further, above-mentioned experimental technique is particularly suited for aluminium alloy plate, and the size requirement of aluminium alloy plate is：Width is less than Equal to 300mm, length is less than or equal to 300mm, and thickness is in the range of 0.3-20mm.
Further, in the present embodiment, pipeline 2 is rollgang, and actuator 3 is motor 21, preferably band encoder Variable-frequency motor.Rollgang is using transmission motor, bevel gear transmission, it is ensured that intensity, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant and transmission uniformity. Pipeline 2 can be continuous, or be spaced apart, i.e., one or adjacent multiple equipment correspond to an independent conveying roller Road, sets an actuator 3 corresponding to each rollgang certainly.
Further, in the present embodiment, emergency stop switch is respectively arranged with the front-end and back-end of pipeline 2, so as to tight Under anxious state, all fronts fast braking.
Further, in the present embodiment, experimental provision also includes electrical system 1, to each the electric device in experimental provision Part provides remote control, for example, electrical system 1 is connected with the communication of motor 21, to control the transporting velocity of Al alloy parts.By This, whole experimental provision can fully automatically carry out multi-functional process of surface treatment, possess flexible operating process and wide in range Process conditions.
It is as follows, the one group of experiment done using above-mentioned experimental technique is discussed in detail：
S0, using 1 remote control actuator of electrical system 3 drive pipeline 2 conveying Al alloy parts；
S1, Al alloy parts are reached at alkali cleaning equipment 4, and alkali cleaning water pump 13 persistently drives alkali wash water to be sprayed from alkali cleaning nozzle 12 Go out, the pH value of alkali wash water is 10, the temperature of controllable silicon thermoregulating system control alkali wash water is constant in 60 DEG C, PLC control system control Spray pressure is 2.5bar, and the electrical conductivity of the alkali wash water of alkali cleaning conductivity meter real-time detection spray trench bottom simultaneously passes through central controller control Make the first alkali cleaning switch and be maintained at electrical conductivity in setting range by the second alkali cleaning switch, the control Al alloy parts of pipeline 2 Time in alkali cleaning equipment 4 is 6s；
After S2, alkali cleaning, Al alloy parts are reached at the first rinsing equipment 5, and water pump persistently drives deionized water to be sprayed from nozzle Go out, it is 3s that pipeline 2 controls time of the Al alloy parts in the first rinsing equipment 5；
After S3, rinsing, Al alloy parts are reached at pickler 6, and pickling water pump 25 persistently drives pickle to be sprayed from pickling Mouth 24 sprays, and the pH value of pickle is 2, and the temperature of controllable silicon thermoregulating system control pickle is constant in 65 DEG C, PLC control system Spray pressure is controlled for 2.5bar, online fluorine ion instrument is detected and controls the first pickling to switch by central controller and opened with the second pickling Close and control fluorinion concentration, be controlled to 0.1g/m from and then by etch amount2, pipeline 2 control Al alloy parts set in pickling Time in standby 6 is 4s；
After S4, pickling, Al alloy parts are reached at the second rinsing equipment 7, and water pump persistently drives deionized water to be sprayed from nozzle Go out, it is 5s that pipeline 2 controls time of the Al alloy parts in the second rinsing equipment 7；
After S5, rinsing, Al alloy parts are reached at paralysis facility 8, and passivation water pump 27 persistently drives passivating solution to be sprayed from nozzle Go out, the pH value of passivating solution is 4, the temperature of controllable silicon thermoregulating system control passivating solution is constant in 35 DEG C, PLC control system control spray Pouring pressure is 1.5bar, is detected by conductivity meter and controls the first passivation switch and the second passivation switch to control by central controller The thickness of passivating film processed, it is 5mg/m to control the Ti contents in passivating film2, offline sheet resistance detector enter detection, control resistance It is 20 μ Ω, it is 6s that pipeline 2 controls time of the Al alloy parts in paralysis facility 8；
After S6, passivation, Al alloy parts are reached at the 3rd rinsing equipment 9, and water pump persistently drives deionized water to be sprayed from nozzle Go out, it is 2.5s that pipeline 2 controls time of the Al alloy parts in the 3rd rinsing equipment 9；
After S7, rinsing, Al alloy parts are reached at drying plant 10, and pipeline 2 controls Al alloy parts in drying plant Time in 10 is 9s；
S8, after drying, Al alloy parts reach roll coating apparatus 11, and lube layer is formed on the surface of Al alloy parts.
In order to study the effect of above-mentioned experimental procedure surface treatment, experiment for the first time is only completed step S1-S7, is performing step After rapid S7, Al alloy parts are taken down from pipeline 2 and is observed, after step S1-S7 is surface-treated, Al alloy parts Surface passivated membrane pattern microscopic structure is as shown in Figure 4；Al alloy parts are hung over into interior, after 100 days, passivating film is without substantially change Color；To be passivated aluminium alloy using the method for electrochemistry carries out corrosion-resistant test, the corrosion current on Al alloy parts surface before passivation Density is 4.28 μ Acm-2, the corrosion electric current density on Al alloy parts surface is 0.49 μ Acm after Passivation Treatment-2, corrosion resistance obtains Significantly to improve, the raising of corrosion resistance mainly has benefited from the thoroughly cleaning of alkali cleaning in order and pickling.
Second experiment completes Overall Steps and successively carries out twice, obtaining two aluminium alloys processed through step S1-S8 Workpiece, the experiment condition of step S1-S7 and test for the first time it is identical, after step S8 is performed, by Al alloy parts from defeated Taken down in line sending 2, it is to be coated dry after, its adhesive force is tested.Test of polishing is carried out to first Al alloy parts, is adopted With rubber with 1s be one circulation, wipe 15 times, the passivating film of Al alloy parts does not expose；Second Al alloy parts is glued Oil test, after gummed paper is pressed against into Al alloy parts surface 150s, tears rapidly, is come off without oil reservoir；Two Al alloy parts Hardenability value is all higher than 0.2, and plastic strain ratio is all higher than 0.7.
To sum up, by the step S1-S7 in above-mentioned experimental technique, alkali cleaning, pickling, the chemical conversion of aluminium alloy plate are capable of achieving Treatment, alkali cleaning, pickling, passivation, the processing sequence of drying can not be converted, and the main above-mentioned reality being made up of the processing sequence Proved recipe method has the following advantages that：The effect of pickling is after first alkali cleaning, first by the greasy dirt on Al alloy parts surface and is consolidated by alkali cleaning Body particle is removed, alloying element and residual oxide layer insoluble on mordant removal Al alloy parts when facilitating pickling, to fill Point ground exposes aluminium alloy and it be passivated in subsequent step and forms passivating film, and alkali cleaning is unable to reach this effect after elder generation's pickling； One layer of passivating film is formed on Al alloy parts surface, workpiece surface not oxidized corrosion in transport and storing process is protected；Energy Aluminium alloy plate sheet resistance is significantly reduced, beneficial to downstream welding assembly；Increase conversion film and aluminium alloy plate surface matrix caking property, Increase the adhesive force to lube layer, be conducive to bonding and japanning of the workpiece during subsequent production；Improve punching performance, carry Punching press rate high, reduces mould consumption.
Also, alkali cleaning spray pressure, alkali wash water composition and content, alkali wash water pH value, alkali cleaning liquid temperature in the experimental technique Rinsing time, pickling spray pressure, pickle composition and content, pickle pH value, pickling liquid temperature after degree, alkali cleaning time, alkali cleaning Rinsing time, passivation spray pressure, passivating solution composition and content, passivating solution pH value, passivation liquid temperature after degree, pickling time, pickling The technological parameter such as rinsing time, drying temperature, drying time, parameter of drying blower fan can root after degree, passivation time, passivation Do corresponding adjustment according to experiment purpose, for example, for a kind of specific Al alloy parts by adjust above-mentioned each technological parameter come A set of suitable, preferable processing parameter is obtained, and then has very strong directive significance to actual production.Preferably in above-mentioned reality Apply selection technological parameter in each number range listed in example.
Additionally, the experimental technique may be directly applied to production line, for example, it is applied to actual aluminium alloy automobile plate surface treatment Production line, thus, conversely, the experimental technique can fit, actual production line is simulated experiment.
Above content is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to of the invention Thought, will change in specific embodiments and applications, and this specification content should not be construed as to the present invention Limitation.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of Al alloy parts are surface-treated experimental technique, it is characterised in that the experimental provision that the experimental technique is used includes Alkali cleaning equipment (4), the first rinsing equipment (5), pickler (6), the second rinsing equipment (7), paralysis facility (8), the 3rd rinsing Equipment (9), drying plant (10), pipeline (2) and actuator (3), wherein, the pipeline (2) sequentially passes through the alkali Wash equipment (4), first rinsing equipment (5), the pickler (6), second rinsing equipment (7), it is described passivation set Standby (8), the 3rd rinsing equipment (9) and the drying plant (10)；
The actuator (3) drives the pipeline (2) to drive Al alloy parts to travel forward, and to the Al alloy parts according to It is secondary to be handled as follows step：
S1, the alkali cleaning equipment (4) carry out alkali cleaning to Al alloy parts；
S2, first rinsing equipment (5) are rinsed to the Al alloy parts after alkali cleaning；
Al alloy parts after S3, the pickler (6) are rinsed to alkali cleaning carry out pickling；
S4, second rinsing equipment (7) are rinsed to the Al alloy parts after pickling；
S5, the paralysis facility (8) are passivated to the Al alloy parts after pickling-rinsing；
S6, the 3rd rinsing equipment (9) rinse to the Al alloy parts after passivation；
S7, the drying plant (10) are dried to the Al alloy parts after passivation rinsing.
2. Al alloy parts according to claim 1 are surface-treated experimental technique, it is characterised in that
The experimental provision also includes central controller；
The alkali cleaning equipment (4) includes alkali cleaning spray groove, alkali cleaning shower, alkali cleaning nozzle, alkali cleaning circulating tank, alkali cleaning water pump, alkali Head tank and alkali cleaning deionization water pot are washed, the alkali cleaning shower is fixed on the alkali cleaning spray groove, the alkali cleaning nozzle is consolidated It is scheduled on the alkali cleaning shower and is connected with the alkali cleaning shower, bottom and the alkali cleaning of the alkali cleaning spray groove is circulated The entrance connection of tank, the outlet that the entrance of the alkali cleaning shower passes through the alkali cleaning water pump and the alkali cleaning circulating tank, The alkali cleaning circulating tank is with the alkali cleaning head tank and the alkali cleaning deionization water pot respectively by the first alkali cleaning switch and second Alkali cleaning switchs selectable connection, and alkali cleaning conductivity meter, the alkali cleaning electrical conductivity are provided with the bottom of the alkali cleaning spray groove Instrument is connected with central controller communication, and the central controller is switched with first alkali cleaning and second alkali cleaning switch communication connects Connect；
In step sl, alkali cleaning is carried out by the way of alkali wash water is sprayed, in alkaline cleaning procedure, the alkali cleaning conductivity meter is examined in real time The electrical conductivity of the alkali wash water surveyed after spray, and the electrical conductivity is delivered to the central controller, it is higher than setting range in the electrical conductivity When, the central controller controls the second alkali cleaning switch open to control the first alkali cleaning switch to close simultaneously, in the electrical conductivity less than setting During scope, the central controller controls the first alkali cleaning switch open to control the second alkali cleaning switch to close simultaneously, is located in the electrical conductivity When in setting range, the central controller controls the first alkali cleaning switch and the second alkali cleaning switch to be turned off.
3. Al alloy parts according to claim 2 are surface-treated experimental technique, it is characterised in that
The pickler (6) includes pickling spray groove, pickling shower, pickling nozzle, pickling circulating tank, pickling water pump, acid Head tank and pickling deionization water pot are washed, the pickling shower is fixed on the pickling spray groove, the pickling nozzle is consolidated It is scheduled on the pickling shower and is connected with the pickling shower, bottom and the pickling of the pickling spray groove is circulated The entrance connection of tank, the outlet that the entrance of the pickling shower passes through the pickling water pump and the pickling circulating tank, The pickling circulating tank is with the pickling head tank and the pickling deionization water pot respectively by the first pickling switch and second Pickling switchs selectable connection, and online fluorine ion instrument, the online fluorine ion are provided with the bottom of the pickling spray groove Instrument is connected with central controller communication, and the central controller is switched with first pickling and second pickling switch communication connects Connect；
In step s3, pickling is carried out by the way of spray acid washing lotion, in acid cleaning process, the online fluorine ion instrument is real-time The fluorinion concentration of the pickle after detection spray, and the fluorinion concentration is delivered to the central controller, it is dense in the fluorine ion When degree is higher than setting range, the central controller controls the first pickling switch open to control the second pickling switch to close simultaneously, in fluorine When ion concentration is less than setting range, the central controller controls the second pickling switch open to control the first pickling switch to close simultaneously Close, when fluorinion concentration is located in setting range, the central controller controls the first pickling switch and the second pickling switch to close Close.
4. Al alloy parts according to claim 3 are surface-treated experimental technique, it is characterised in that
The paralysis facility (8) includes passivation spray groove, passivation shower, passivation nozzle, passivation cycle tank, passivation water pump, blunt Change head tank and passivation deionization water pot, the passivation shower is fixed on the passivation spray groove, and the passivation nozzle is consolidated Be scheduled on it is described passivation shower on and with it is described passivation shower connect, it is described be passivated spray groove bottom and the passivation cycle The entrance connection of tank, the entrance of the passivation shower by the outlet for being passivated water pump and the passivation cycle tank, The passivation cycle tank is with the passivation head tank and the passivation deionization water pot respectively by the first passivation switch and second The selectable connection of passivation switch, passivation conductivity meter, the passivation electrical conductivity are provided with the bottom of the passivation spray groove Instrument is connected with central controller communication, and the central controller connects with the described first passivation switch and the second passivation switch communication Connect；
In step s 5, it is passivated by the way of passivating solution is sprayed, in passivating process, the passivation conductivity meter is examined in real time The electrical conductivity of the passivating solution surveyed after spray, and the electrical conductivity is delivered to the central controller, it is higher than setting range in the electrical conductivity When, the central controller control second is passivated switch open and controls the first passivation switch to close simultaneously, in the electrical conductivity less than setting During scope, the central controller control first is passivated switch open and controls the second passivation switch to close simultaneously, is located in the electrical conductivity When in setting range, central controller control the first passivation switch and the second passivation switch are turned off.
5. Al alloy parts according to claim 4 are surface-treated experimental technique, it is characterised in that
Raw material of the alkali wash water comprising following weight parts：20 parts of potassium hydroxide, 25 parts of sodium tripolyphosphates, 10 parts of silicic acid anhydrides Sodium, 5 parts of natrium carbonicum calcinatums, 5 parts of triethanolamines, 2 parts of neopelexes；
Raw material of the pickle comprising following weight parts：30 parts of sulfuric acid, 45 parts of nitric acid, 10 parts of ammonium acid fluorides, 1 part of alkyl phenol gather Oxygen vinethene, 1 portion of carboxycellulose salt.
6. Al alloy parts according to claim 4 are surface-treated experimental technique, it is characterised in that
In the alkali cleaning equipment (4), equidistant 6-8 roots alkali cleaning spray is respectively set above and below the pipeline (2) Pipe, the alkali cleaning nozzle of top alkali cleaning shower is fixed downward, and the alkali cleaning nozzle of lower section alkali cleaning shower is fixed upward, The distance of adjacent two alkali cleaning showers is 2-3cm, the alkali cleaning nozzle spaced set on every alkali cleaning shower, alkali cleaning nozzle Outlet a diameter of 0.5-0.6cm, the distance between two neighboring alkali cleaning nozzle is 2-3cm, and alkali cleaning nozzle is exported to institute The distance for stating pipeline (2) is located at 30-45cm；
In the pickler (6), equidistant 4-6 roots pickling spray is respectively set above and below the pipeline (2) Pipe, the pickling nozzle of top pickling shower is fixed downward, and the pickling nozzle of lower section pickling shower is fixed upward, The distance of adjacent two pickling showers is 3-4cm, the pickling nozzle spaced set on every pickling shower, pickling nozzle Outlet a diameter of 0.6-0.7cm, the distance between two neighboring pickling nozzle is 3-4cm, and pickling nozzle is exported to institute The distance for stating pipeline (2) is located at 30-45cm.
7. Al alloy parts according to claim 4 are surface-treated experimental technique, it is characterised in that
The alkali cleaning equipment (4), the pickler (6) and the paralysis facility (8) also include temperature sensor, heating dress (14) and controllable silicon thermoregulating system are put, the temperature sensor and the heater (14) are arranged on the bottom of corresponding spray groove Portion, the temperature sensor and the heater (14) are connected with the controllable silicon thermoregulating system.
8. Al alloy parts according to claim 4 are surface-treated experimental technique, it is characterised in that
The alkali cleaning equipment (4), the pickler (6) and the paralysis facility (8) also include pressure sensor, pressure regulation Valve, PLC control system, the pressure sensor and the pressure regulator valve are arranged on what corresponding water pump and corresponding shower were connected On pipeline, the PLC control system is connected with the pressure sensor and the pressure regulator valve；
The alkali cleaning equipment (4), the pickler (6) and the paralysis facility (8) also include flowmeter and frequency converter, institute State alkali cleaning water pump, the pickling water pump, the passivation water pump and be variable frequency pump, the flowmeter is connected with the frequency converter, The frequency converter is connected with corresponding water pump, and the flowmeter is arranged on the pipe that corresponding circulating tank is connected with corresponding shower Lu Shang.
9. Al alloy parts according to claim 4 are surface-treated experimental technique, it is characterised in that
The experimental provision also includes roll coating apparatus (11), and the roll coating apparatus (11) are under the drying plant (10) Trip, the pipeline (2) through the roll coating apparatus (11), wherein, the roll coating apparatus (11) including feeding roller (17), be located at The coating roller (18) in feeding roller (17) downstream, determine deflector roll (20) and positioned at institute positioned at the coating roller (18) downstream State the support roller (19) below coating roller (18)；
Following steps are performed after step S7：
S8, the surface of the roll coating apparatus (11) Al alloy parts after the drying form lube layer.
10. experimental provision according to claim 4, it is characterised in that
The pH value of the alkali wash water in the range of 8-12, temperature in the range of 30-80 DEG C, model of the alkali cleaning time in 2-10s In enclosing, spray pressure is in the range of 2-6bar；
The pH value of the pickle in the range of 1-5, temperature in the range of 30-80 DEG C, scope of the pickling time in 1-7s Interior, spray pressure is in the range of 2-6bar；
The pH value of the passivating solution in the range of 2-6, temperature in the range of 10-70 DEG C, scope of the passivation time in 2-15s It is interior.
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CN108004530A (en) * 2017-08-03 2018-05-08 合肥市华林模具有限公司 A kind of chemical-treating facility of inner flow passage alloy product
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CN114737195A (en) * 2022-04-19 2022-07-12 青岛云路先进材料技术股份有限公司 Amorphous alloy strip surface cleaning method and amorphous alloy strip
CN115476027A (en) * 2022-09-15 2022-12-16 西安建筑科技大学 Method for welding bar material and intermediate rod for rotating electrode through resistance butt welding
CN115476027B (en) * 2022-09-15 2024-06-04 西安建筑科技大学 Method for welding bar stock and intermediate rod for rotary electrode through resistance butt welding

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