CN106868443A - A kind of Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique applies layer optimizing method - Google Patents
A kind of Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique applies layer optimizing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Layer optimizing method is applied the present invention relates to plasma spraying technology field, more particularly to a kind of Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique, is comprised the following steps：Obtain spot：Obtain the single solidification spot in coating；Digital pattern is extracted：Extract the edge pattern of solidification spot；Calculating parameter：Solidification spot geometrical morphology evaluating is calculated according to edge pattern, the parameter includes cure index, circularity, eccentricity and fractal dimension；Optimize technique method：According to the parameter values of above-mentioned calculating, to Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique in each step be adjusted optimization.A kind of Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique that the present invention is provided applies layer optimizing method, and method is simple, and optimization method is obtained by calculating parameter, more accurately, more scientific and efficient with certain objectivity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plasma spraying technology field, more particularly to a kind of optimization of Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique coating
Method.
Background technology
With developing rapidly for plasma spraying technology itself and reaching its maturity for dusty spray preparation technology, at present
Can by various metals, ceramics, cermet and other composites be prepared as performance better than matrix high temperature resistant, it is wear-resistant,
Corrosion-resistant and types of functionality coating (such as antiscale sterilization coating, super-hydrophobic ice-covering-proof coating, stealthy microwave absorbing coating, piezoelectric intelligent
Sensitive coating etc.).But it is substantial amounts of spraying practice have shown that, defect content (hole, oxide inclusion, the micro-crack of coat inside
Deng), residual stress, deposition efficiency, mechanical property (bond strength, cohesive strength, elastic modelling quantity, microhardness etc.), knot of tissue
Structure etc. can occur significant changes with the difference of molten drop deposition quality or Substrate State, directly influence the military service of coating
Energy and life-span.
But, current coating process optimization process is more numerous and diverse, is mostly that some groups of parameters are chosen in experience range,
Then tested according to artificial neural network, field oral examination, the method such as orthogonal test, complete Factorial Design determines optimal spray parameters, its
It is subjective, it is impossible to which that the reason for fundamentally finding coating generation different changes, this also directly results in coating system innovation
Speed is slow, and new material needs the experience cycle more long from researching and developing to coming into operation.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose that a kind of Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique applies layer optimizing method, to solve above-mentioned skill
Art problem.
It is that, up to this purpose, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique applies layer optimizing method, comprises the following steps：
Obtain spot：Obtain the single solidification spot in coating；
Digital pattern is extracted：Extract the edge pattern of solidification spot；
Calculating parameter：According to edge pattern calculate solidification spot geometrical morphology evaluating, the parameter include cure index,
Circularity, eccentricity and fractal dimension；
Optimize technique method：According to the parameter values of above-mentioned calculating, to Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique in each step
It is adjusted optimization.
Further, when obtaining spot, particle is impinged upon and formed on matrix solidification spot, before spot step is obtained,
Matrix is cleaned by ultrasonic, matrix surface pollutant is removed.
Further, digital pattern is extracted as separating solidification spot with matrix, specially：
Binary conversion treatment is carried out to the scanning electron microscopy picture of the solidification spot by threshold value calculation method；
It is labeled using the binary map of label function pairs solidification spot, and the maximum region of single connected domain is set
It is solidification speckle regions；
Treatment is filtered to solidification spot using Morphological scale-space method, including digital picture Expanded Operators with corrode
Operator；
The border of spot is solidified using candy operator extractions, the extraction of edge pattern is finally completed.
Further, in calculating parameter step, specific computational methods are：
Cure index：By calculating solidification speck area and its border envelope area ratio, consolidating for solidification spot is extracted
Change index；
Circularity：The ratio of maximum inscribed circle and maximum circumcircle to solidify spot solidifies connecing for spot as it with circular
Short range degree；
Eccentricity：Centered on the barycenter for solidifying spot, the calculation of barycenter is：
Wherein, E (j, i) represents the matrix form of solidification spot binary map, xi、yjRespectively representing matrix the i-th column element and
Jth row element, total columns and total line number of m, n difference representing matrix, using the radius of minimum circumcircle as the major semiaxis of ellipse
A, finds a semi-minor axis b for minimum and makees oval with retraction, and makes the oval all pixels point that solidification spot can be completely covered,
Now the ratio of major semiaxis a and semi-minor axis b is the eccentricity of solidification spot；
Fractal dimension：Using sandbox method covering solidification spot edge, the length of side of initial box is solidify the spot length of side 1/
10, gradually successively decreased with the length for solidifying the spot length of side 1/100, box length of side ε (N) is extracted respectively, and is now coated with solidification
The square number N of spot, then ε (N) relation is met and N between：
N(ε)∝ε-D
Wherein, D is the fractal dimension for solidifying spot.
Further, in optimize technique method and step, specifically：
When circularity is less than 0.43, it is necessary to adjust flouring technology or adjust corresponding spray parameters；
When eccentricity is less than 0.47, it is necessary to adjust the spray angle of plasma gun；
When cure index is less than 0.546, it is necessary to reduce spray power or improve primary air amount；
After above-mentioned three classes parameter meets condition, spray parameters are then used as by preferred solidification spot fractal dimension final
The leading indicator of selection, solidify spot type decision foundation be：
In spraying process, preferably collar plate shape particle solidifies type.
Further, when obtaining spot, plasma jet is sprayed to matrix by supersonic plasma spray gun, plasma is penetrated
Particle in stream is struck on matrix through the hole on baffle plate；
Wherein, the distance between a diameter of 1mm in hole, adjacent hole are 500mm.
Further, the supersonic plasma spray gun translational speed is set as 6m/min, and powder sending quantity equivalent is set as
3。
Further, roughness Ra=1.5 μm of the baffle surface.
Further, the screening-mode of SEM is secondary electron, voltage 5-10kV.
Further, matrix is cleaned by ultrasonic by the ethanol that concentration is 97.5%.
A kind of Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique that the present invention is provided applies layer optimizing method, during concrete operations, first obtains single
Individual solidification spot, obtains the digital shape appearance figure that molten drop solidifies spot, according to digital shape appearance figure, calculate cure index, circularity, from
Heart rate and fractal dimension parameter value, reference parameter value, it is possible to achieve molten drop solidifies the quantitative judgement of type, can obtain corresponding painting
Layer optimization direction；Such as, when circularity is less than 0.43, illustrates to need adjustment flouring technology or adjust corresponding spray parameters；Eccentricity
, it is necessary to adjust the spray angle of plasma gun during less than 0.47；When cure index is less than 0.546, it is necessary to reduce spraying work(
Rate improves primary air amount；When three meets condition, spray parameters are then used as by preferred solidification spot fractal dimension final
The leading indicator of selection, in spraying process, preferably collar plate shape particle solidifies type.
The Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique applies layer optimizing method, and method is simple, and optimization method is obtained by calculating parameter,
It is more accurate, it is more scientific and efficient with certain objectivity.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the FB(flow block) that the Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique that the present invention is provided applies layer optimizing method；
Fig. 2 is that the solidification spot acquisition process of the Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique painting layer optimizing method that the present invention is provided shows
It is intended to；
Fig. 3 is that the solidification spot numeral pattern of the Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique painting layer optimizing method that the present invention is provided is carried
Take principle schematic；
Fig. 4 is the solidification spot cure index meter that the Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique that the present invention is provided applies layer optimizing method
Calculate principle schematic；
Fig. 5 is the solidification spot roundness calculation original that the Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique that the present invention is provided applies layer optimizing method
Reason schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the solidification spot eccentricity calculating that the Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique that the present invention is provided applies layer optimizing method
Principle schematic；
Fig. 7 is the solidification spot fractal dimension meter that the Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique that the present invention is provided applies layer optimizing method
Calculate principle schematic.
In figure：
1st, particle；2nd, matrix；3rd, baffle plate；4th, hole.
Specific embodiment
Further illustrate technical scheme below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and by specific embodiment.
From the point of view of microcosmic angle, plasma spraying coating be by spraying particle through Arc Plasma Heating melt after, with compared with
Speed impacts matrix high and sprawl rapidly between solidification, particle mutually overlap joint, successively stacking formed, thus spraying molten drop
Solidification phenomenon of sprawling be most basic physics and chemistry behavior during coating formation.
This process is actually that the physics occurred in micron order space scale, submicrosecond level time scale shows
As such as, cooling velocity of the vacuum plasma spray coating Ti6Al4V molten drops on Ti matrixes is 106DEG C/s, freezing interface propulsion speed
Degree is about 63cm/s, and it is only 0.4 μ s that molten drop solidifies required time completely, and the thickness after solidification is about 3 μm.Experience among these not
The finger that phase transition, defect growth and residual stress of Bulk coat etc. concern coating quality is directly influenced with process of setting
Mark.The solidification morphology of single molten drop can largely react the relation between these indexs and coating macro property, because
And to the quantitative study of single molten drop solidification behavior to more scientifically carrying out coating optimization design, from mealy structure, composition, thing
Mutually to processes such as technological parameter, substrate pretreated states, highly important effect is played.
Based on above-mentioned principle, as shown in figs. 1-7, a kind of Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique applies layer optimizing method, including such as
Lower step：
Obtain spot：Obtain the single solidification spot in coating；
As shown in Fig. 2 when obtaining spot, particle 1 is impinged upon and formed on matrix 2 solidification spot, obtain spot step it
Before, matrix 2 is cleaned by ultrasonic by the ethanol that concentration is 97.5%, remove the surface contaminant of matrix 2.By supersonic speed etc.
Ion spray gun sprays plasma jet to matrix, and the particle 1 in plasma jet strikes matrix 2 through the hole 4 on baffle plate 3
On, supersonic plasma spray gun translational speed is set as 6m/min, and powder sending quantity equivalent is set as into 3, can also so reach
The purpose interfered between solidification spot is reduced to a certain extent；The distance between a diameter of 1mm in hole 4, adjacent hole 4 are
500mm, so both may insure to solidify the collection efficiency of spot, can reach again and avoid solidifying the purpose that spot is connected with each other；
Roughness Ra=1.5 μm on the surface of baffle plate 3, the surface of baffle plate 3 is relatively smooth, and the coating on baffle plate 3 can drop automatically, can be many
It is secondary to use.By adjusting plasma spray coating process parameter, including Ar, H2, N2, electric current, spray distance, spray angle etc., can obtain
Obtain the molten drop solidification morphology under different parameters.
Digital pattern is extracted：Extract the edge pattern of solidification spot；
As shown in figure 3, the Grayscale features (Fig. 3 a) of solidification spot are extracted using field emission scanning electron microscope, scanning electricity
The microscopical screening-mode of son is secondary electron, voltage 5-10kV.By threshold value calculation method to solidify spot scanning electron
Micro-image carries out binary conversion treatment (Fig. 3 b), and threshold value calculation method processes Ostu ' s methods using optimal global value；Using label
The binary map of function pair solidification spot is labeled (Fig. 3 c), and the maximum region of single connected domain is set as solidifying speckle regions
Domain (Fig. 3 d)；Treatment (Fig. 3 e) is filtered to solidification spot using Morphological scale-space method, including the expansion of digital picture is calculated
Son and erosion operator；The border (Fig. 3 f) of spot is solidified using candy operator extractions, the extraction of edge pattern is finally completed.
Calculating parameter：According to edge pattern calculate solidification spot geometrical morphology evaluating, the parameter include cure index,
Circularity, eccentricity and fractal dimension；
As shown in figs. 4-7, cure index：By calculating solidification speck area and its border envelope area ratio, extract
The cure index of spot is solidified, the molten state of solidification spot correspondence spraying particle is judged according to the size of cure index；
Circularity：The ratio of maximum inscribed circle and maximum circumcircle to solidify spot solidifies connecing for spot as it with circular
Short range degree, circularity is closer to 1, then it represents that higher with circular degree of closeness, and the more low pattern for then representing solidification spot of circularity
More other irregular shapes of convergence.When the circularity of molten drop is less than 0.43, it is necessary to be carried out again to the preparation method of dusty spray
Optimization, the fault of construction of otherwise prepared coating is more, and cohesive strength is not high
Eccentricity：Centered on the barycenter for solidifying spot, the calculation of barycenter is：
Wherein, E (j, i) represents the matrix form of solidification spot binary map, xi、yjRespectively representing matrix the i-th column element and
Jth row element, total columns and total line number of m, n difference representing matrix, using the radius of minimum circumcircle as the major semiaxis of ellipse
A, finds a semi-minor axis b for minimum and makees oval with retraction, and makes the oval all pixels point that solidification spot can be completely covered,
Now the ratio of major semiaxis a and semi-minor axis b is the eccentricity of solidification spot, and the span of eccentricity is (0,1), closer to
1 explanation now solidifies the pattern of spot closer to circle, otherwise then the pattern of explanation solidification spot is more partial to elongated shape.When
The value of eccentricity be less than 0.47 when, it is necessary to adjust the angle of plasma gun.
Fractal dimension：Using sandbox method covering solidification spot edge, the length of side of initial box is solidify the spot length of side 1/
10, gradually successively decreased with the length for solidifying the spot length of side 1/100, such as Fig. 7 a, Fig. 7 b, Fig. 7 c and Fig. 7 d, box length of side ε is extracted respectively
(N) the square number N of solidification spot, and is now coated with, then ε (N) meets relation and N between：
N(ε)∝ε-D
Wherein, D is the fractal dimension for solidifying spot.
Optimize technique method：According to the parameter values of above-mentioned calculating, to Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique in each step
It is adjusted optimization.
I.e. by calculating the difference between different solidification blob features parameters, the optimization object of technological parameter is determined, work as circle
, it is necessary to adjust flouring technology or adjust corresponding spray parameters when degree is less than 0.43；When eccentricity is less than 0.47, it is necessary to adjust
The spray angle of plasma gun；When cure index is less than 0.546, it is necessary to reduce spray power or improve primary air amount；
After above-mentioned three classes parameter meets condition, spray parameters are then used as by preferred solidification spot fractal dimension final
The leading indicator of selection, solidify spot type decision foundation be：
In spraying process, preferably collar plate shape particle solidifies type.
What present embodiment to be reached has the beneficial effect that：
1st, by improve plasma gun translational speed, reduce powder sending quantity, and before matrix preset baffle plate mode,
Drastically increase the collection efficiency and quality of single solidification spot；
2nd, by extracting solidification spot digital scan electron micrograph image, with reference to Digital image analysis technique and Mathematical Morphology
Processing method, is filtered to solidification spot, improves the precision that solidification spot geometrical characteristic parameter is calculated；
3rd, the geometrical morphology for solidifying spot is sentenced by parameters such as fractal dimension, cure index, circularity, eccentricities
It is fixed, it is possible to achieve molten drop solidifies the quantitative judgement of type；
4th, analyzed with reference to the geometrical characteristic parameter of each paracoagulation spot, instruct spray parameters to optimize so that plasma spraying
Process optimization process is more scientific and efficient.
Know-why of the invention is described above in association with specific embodiment.These descriptions are intended merely to explain of the invention
Principle, and can not by any way be construed to limiting the scope of the invention.Based on explanation herein, the technology of this area
Personnel associate other specific embodiments of the invention by would not require any inventive effort, these modes fall within
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique applies layer optimizing method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Obtain spot：Obtain the single solidification spot in coating；
Digital pattern is extracted：Extract the edge pattern of solidification spot；
Calculating parameter：Solidification spot geometrical morphology evaluating is calculated according to edge pattern, the parameter includes cure index, circle
Degree, eccentricity and fractal dimension；
Optimize technique method：According to the parameter values of above-mentioned calculating, to Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique in each step carry out
Adjusting and optimizing.
2. Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique according to claim 1 applies layer optimizing method, it is characterised in that obtain spot
When, particle is impinged upon and formed on matrix solidification spot, before spot step is obtained, matrix is cleaned by ultrasonic, and removes base
Body surface contaminant.
3. Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique according to claim 2 applies layer optimizing method, it is characterised in that digital pattern
It is extracted as separating solidification spot with matrix, specially：
Binary conversion treatment is carried out to the scanning electron microscopy picture of the solidification spot by threshold value calculation method；
It is labeled using the binary map of label function pairs solidification spot, and the maximum region of single connected domain is set as coagulating
Gu speckle regions；
Treatment is filtered to solidification spot using Morphological scale-space method, including the Expanded Operators of digital picture are calculated with corrosion
Son；
The border of spot is solidified using candy operator extractions, the extraction of edge pattern is finally completed.
4. Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique according to claim 3 applies layer optimizing method, it is characterised in that calculating parameter
In step, specific computational methods are：
Cure index：By calculating solidification speck area and its border envelope area ratio, the solidification for extracting solidification spot refers to
Number；
Circularity：To solidify the ratio of the maximum inscribed circle of spot and maximum circumcircle as itself and circular solidification spot close to journey
Degree；
Eccentricity：Centered on the barycenter for solidifying spot, the calculation of barycenter is：
Wherein, E (j, i) represents the matrix form of solidification spot binary map, xi、yjI-th column element and jth of difference representing matrix
Row element, total columns and total line number of m, n difference representing matrix, using the radius of minimum circumcircle as the major semiaxis a of ellipse, with
Retraction finds a semi-minor axis b for minimum and makees oval, and makes the oval all pixels point that solidification spot can be completely covered, now
The ratio of major semiaxis a and semi-minor axis b is the eccentricity of solidification spot；
Fractal dimension：Using sandbox method covering solidification spot edge, the length of side of initial box is solidify the spot length of side 1/10, with
The length of the solidification spot length of side 1/100 is gradually successively decreased, and box length of side ε (N) is extracted respectively, and is now coated with solidification spot
Square number N, then ε (N) relation is met and N between：
N(ε)∝ε-D
Wherein, D is the fractal dimension for solidifying spot.
5. Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique according to claim 4 applies layer optimizing method, it is characterised in that optimize technique
In method and step, specifically：
When circularity is less than 0.43, it is necessary to adjust flouring technology or adjust corresponding spray parameters；
When eccentricity is less than 0.47, it is necessary to adjust the spray angle of plasma gun；
When cure index is less than 0.546, it is necessary to reduce spray power or improve primary air amount；
After above-mentioned three classes parameter meets condition, spray parameters are then used as by preferred solidification spot fractal dimension and are finally chosen
Leading indicator, solidify spot type decision foundation be：
In spraying process, preferably collar plate shape particle solidifies type.
6. Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique according to claim 2 applies layer optimizing method, it is characterised in that obtain spot
When, plasma jet is sprayed to matrix by supersonic plasma spray gun, the particle in plasma jet passes through the hole on baffle plate
Strike on matrix；
Wherein, the distance between a diameter of 1mm in hole, adjacent hole are 500mm.
7. Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique according to claim 6 applies layer optimizing method, it is characterised in that the Supersonic
Fast plasma gun translational speed is set as 6m/min, and powder sending quantity equivalent is set as into 3.
8. Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique according to claim 7 applies layer optimizing method, it is characterised in that the baffle plate
Roughness Ra=1.5 μm on surface.
9. Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique according to claim 3 applies layer optimizing method, it is characterised in that scanning electron
Microscopical screening-mode is secondary electron, voltage 5-10kV.
10. Supersonic Plasma Spraying technique according to claim 2 applies layer optimizing method, it is characterised in that by dense
The ethanol spent for 97.5% is cleaned by ultrasonic to matrix.
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