CN106866243B - 一种利用污泥制备陶粒支撑剂和复合肥的方法 - Google Patents

一种利用污泥制备陶粒支撑剂和复合肥的方法 Download PDF

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CN106866243B
CN106866243B CN201710111666.8A CN201710111666A CN106866243B CN 106866243 B CN106866243 B CN 106866243B CN 201710111666 A CN201710111666 A CN 201710111666A CN 106866243 B CN106866243 B CN 106866243B
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张东
张豪
王静
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Hefei Jinglong Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Jiaocheng County Deqian Fertilizer Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种利用污泥制备陶粒支撑剂和复合肥的方法。涉及污泥的利用和油气开采压裂陶粒支撑剂及有机‑无机复合肥料的制备方法。步骤为:1、箱污泥中加入过磷酸钙、粉煤灰、铝矾土、双氧水和混合酸,加热,固液分离,得到固体A和液体A;2、固体A用氢氧化钠溶液浸泡并调pH值7‑9,得到固体B,回收浸泡液与液体A混合,再调整混合液的pH值,反应完全,沉淀,分离,得到固体C和液体C;3、液体C中补充氮磷钾,得到液体复合肥;4、固体B和固体C混合,球磨,造粒成球,煅烧,得到陶粒支撑剂。无害化、资源化综合利用剩余污泥的同时,制备廉价的油气开采用途的陶粒支撑剂和复合肥料,废物利用,节能环保,具有很高的环境效益和经济效益。

Description

一种利用污泥制备陶粒支撑剂和复合肥的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种油气压裂工艺用的固体支撑剂,具体涉及一种利用污泥制备陶粒支撑剂和复合肥的方法。
背景技术
石油和天然气是当今人类最重要的能源,随着经济建设的飞速发展,各国对石油和天然气需求激增,油气资源日渐枯竭,人们不得不开发难于采收的低渗透油气藏。压裂工艺技术就是目前获得经济油、气流的手段,而压裂支撑剂是压裂工艺技术能否获得成功的关键。目前,轻质的陶粒支撑剂因其具有粒径均匀、耐压强度高、光洁度较好、导流能力强以及杂质含量少等优点,是低渗透油气田和深井开采中首选的支撑剂材料,可大幅度提高油气产量,并能延长油气井的开采年限。
另一方面,随着城市化进程的加速,城市人口激增,城市污水排放量激增,各国都兴建大量的污水处理厂,这些污水处理厂不可避免的产生大量的剩余污泥,这些剩余污泥如不及时处理,会污染环境。目前,各国常采用卫生填埋、焚烧和堆肥等方法处理。但是这些方法有的存在着环境安全隐患,有的成本高。污泥中含有大量的有机物和铜锌铁等金属元素,这些有机物以生物残体为主,富含蛋白质,其中的很多成分都是宝贵的资源。因而,积极探讨污泥的综合利用方法,变废为宝,是污泥处置的最好出路。
为了综合无害化利用城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥,同时制备压裂支撑陶粒和复合肥料,本发明提供一种利用剩余污泥制备一种陶粒支撑剂和复合肥的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的,是提供一种利用污泥制备陶粒支撑剂和复合肥的方法。无害化、资源化综合利用剩余污泥的同时,制备廉价的油气开采用途的陶粒支撑剂和复合肥料,废物利用,节能环保,具有很高的环境效益和经济效益。
采用的技术方案:
一种利用污泥制备陶粒支撑剂和复合肥的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括如下步骤:
1)取新鲜的剩余污泥,调整含水率80-95%,加入污泥质量的5-20%的过磷酸钙、5-20%的粉煤灰、10-40%的铝矾土和5-10%的质量百分含量为30%的双氧水,搅拌均匀,加热保持微沸5-10min,再按照污泥质量与混合酸溶液体积比为1Kg:1L比例,加入含0.1-1mol/L的盐酸和0.1-1mol/L的硫酸的混合酸溶液,搅拌均匀,加热80-95℃反应10-20min,固液分离,得到固体A和液体A;
2)将步骤1得到的固体A用氢氧化钠溶液浸泡并调pH值7-9,固液分离,得到固体B,回收浸泡液与液体A混合,再用氢氧化钾调整混合液的pH值为6-8,搅拌混合均匀,反应完全,静置沉淀,分离,得到固体C和液体C;
3)分析液体C中氮磷钾含量,按需补充,使得N、P2O5、K2O含量均不低于20 g/L,且N+P2O5+ K2O总量不低于110g/L,得到液体复合肥;
4)将固体B和固体C混合,105-150℃烘干,球磨,过325目筛子,润湿造粒成球,60-90℃烘干,于1200-1500℃煅烧30-60min,得到陶粒支撑剂。
所述的污泥为城市生活污水处理厂的剩余污泥。
所述的步骤1中加入的铝矾土的含氧化铝含量不低于50%。
所述的步骤4中煅烧方法为:以2℃/min的升温速度升到330 ℃, 并在此温度下保温30 min,再以3℃/min的速度继续升温到1000℃,并在此温度下保温20 min,再以5℃/min的速度继续升温到烧成温度1200-1500℃, 并保温30-60 min,炉内冷却到室温。
本发明的优点在于,无害化、资源化综合利用剩余污泥,制备廉价的油气开采用途的陶粒支撑剂和复合肥料,废物利用,节能环保,具有很高的环境效益和经济效益。
附图说明
图1为本方法的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明所述的方法和技术加以说明。
实施例1:陶粒压裂支撑剂1和复合肥1的制备
取新鲜的含水率为82%的剩余污泥2Kg,加入200g的过磷酸钙、200g的粉煤灰、500g的铝矾土和200g的质量百分含量为30%的双氧水,搅拌均匀,加热保持微沸10min,再加入2L的含盐酸0.5mol/L和硫酸0.5mol/L的混合酸溶液,搅拌均匀,加热90℃反应15min,抽滤,得到固体A和液体A;将固体A用氢氧化钠溶液浸泡并调pH值8,过滤,得到固体B,回收浸泡液与液体A混合,再用氢氧化钾调整混合液的pH值为7,搅拌混合均匀,反应完全,静置沉淀24h,抽滤,得到固体C和液体C;液体C中按45g/L补加尿素,得到液体复合肥料1;将固体B和固体C混合,120℃烘干,球磨,过325目筛子,得到粒径小于45微米的粉料,喷水造粒成球,80℃烘干,置于高温炉内以2℃/min的升温速度升到330 ℃,保温30 min,再以3℃/min的速度继续升温到1000℃,保温20 min,再以5℃/min的速度继续升温到1350℃煅烧40 min,炉内冷却到室温,过筛12和20目筛,取粒径0.85-1.70mm部分的球,得到陶粒支撑剂1。
实施例2:陶粒压裂支撑剂2和复合肥2的制备
取新鲜的含水率为95%的剩余污泥2Kg,加入100g的过磷酸钙、100g的粉煤灰、200g的铝矾土和100g的质量百分含量为30%的双氧水,搅拌均匀,加热保持微沸10min,再加入2L的含盐酸0.8mol/L和硫酸0.2mol/L的混合酸溶液,搅拌均匀,加热90℃反应20min,抽滤,得到固体A和液体A;将固体A用氢氧化钠溶液浸泡并调pH值9,过滤,得到固体B,回收浸泡液与液体A混合,再用氢氧化钾调整混合液的pH值为6,搅拌混合均匀,反应完全,静置沉淀24h,抽滤,得到固体C和液体C;液体C中按85g/L补加尿素,得到液体复合肥料2;将固体B和固体C混合,150℃烘干,球磨,过325目筛子,得到粒径小于45微米的粉料,喷水造粒成球,60℃烘干,置于高温炉内以2℃/min的升温速度升到330 ℃,保温30 min,再以3℃/min的速度继续升温到1000℃,保温20 min,再以5℃/min的速度继续升温到1500℃煅烧30 min,炉内冷却到室温,过筛12和20目筛,取粒径0.85-1.70mm部分的球,得到陶粒支撑剂2。
实施例3:陶粒压裂支撑剂3和复合肥3的制备
取新鲜的含水率为80%的剩余污泥2Kg,加入400g的过磷酸钙、400g的粉煤灰、800g的铝矾土和200g的质量百分含量为30%的双氧水,搅拌均匀,加热保持微沸5min,再加入2L的含盐酸0.5mol/L和硫酸0.8mol/L的混合酸溶液,搅拌均匀,加热95℃反应10min,抽滤,得到固体A和液体A;将固体A用氢氧化钠溶液浸泡并调pH值8,过滤,得到固体B,回收浸泡液与液体A混合,再用氢氧化钾调整混合液的pH值为8,搅拌混合均匀,反应完全,静置沉淀24h,抽滤,得到固体C和液体C;液体C中按45g/L补加尿素,得到液体复合肥3;将固体B和固体C混合,110℃烘干,球磨,过325目筛子,得到粒径小于45微米的粉料,喷水造粒成球, 90℃烘干,置于高温炉内以2℃/min的升温速度升到330 ℃,保温30 min,再以3℃/min的速度继续升温到1000℃,保温20 min,再以5℃/min的速度继续升温到1200℃煅烧60 min,炉内冷却到室温,过筛12和20目筛,取粒径0.85-1.70mm部分的球,得到陶粒支撑剂3。
实施例4:陶粒压裂支撑剂4和复合肥4的制备
取新鲜的含水率为90%的剩余污泥2Kg,加入300g的过磷酸钙、300g的粉煤灰、400g的铝矾土和200g的质量百分含量为30%的双氧水,搅拌均匀,加热保持微沸10min,再加入2L的含盐酸0.2mol/L和硫酸0.5mol/L的混合酸溶液,搅拌均匀,加热95℃反应20min,抽滤,得到固体A和液体A;将固体A用氢氧化钠溶液浸泡并调pH值9,过滤,得到固体B,回收浸泡液与液体A混合,再用氢氧化钾调整混合液的pH值为8,搅拌混合均匀,反应完全,静置沉淀24h,抽滤,得到固体C和液体C;液体C按45g/L补加尿素,得到液体复合肥料4;将固体B和固体C混合,120℃烘干,球磨,过325目筛子,得到粒径小于45微米的粉料,喷水造粒成球,120℃烘干,置于高温炉内以2℃/min的升温速度升到330 ℃,保温30 min,再以3℃/min的速度继续升温到1000℃,保温20 min,再以5℃/min的速度继续升温到1400℃煅烧60 min,炉内冷却到室温,过筛12和20目筛,取粒径0.85-1.70mm部分的球,得到陶粒支撑剂4。
实施例5:陶粒压裂支撑剂5和复合肥5的制备
取新鲜的含水率为82%的剩余污泥2Kg,加入200g的过磷酸钙、200g的粉煤灰、400g的铝矾土和200g的质量百分含量为30%的双氧水,搅拌均匀,加热保持微沸5min,再加入2L的含盐酸1mol/L和硫酸0.1mol/L的混合酸溶液,搅拌均匀,加热80℃反应20min,抽滤,得到固体A和液体A;将固体A用氢氧化钠溶液浸泡并调pH值7,过滤,得到固体B,回收浸泡液与液体A混合,再用氢氧化钾调整混合液的pH值为6,搅拌混合均匀,反应完全,静置沉淀24h,抽滤,得到固体C和液体C;液体C按75g/L补加尿素,得到液体复合肥料5;将固体B和固体C混合,105℃烘干,球磨,过325目筛子,得到粒径小于45微米的粉料,喷水造粒成球,70℃烘干,置于高温炉内以2℃/min的升温速度升到330 ℃,保温30 min,再以3℃/min的速度继续升温到1000℃,保温20 min,再以5℃/min的速度继续升温到1400℃煅烧30 min,炉内冷却到室温,过筛12和20目筛,取粒径0.85-1.70mm部分的球,得到陶粒支撑剂5。
实施例6:陶粒压裂支撑剂6和复合肥6的制备
取新鲜的含水率为81%的剩余污泥2Kg,加入200g的过磷酸钙、100g的粉煤灰、200g的铝矾土和200g的质量百分含量为30%的双氧水,搅拌均匀,加热保持微沸5min,再加入2L的含盐酸0.1mol/L和硫酸1mol/L的混合酸溶液,搅拌均匀,加热80℃反应20min,抽滤,得到固体A和液体A;将固体A用氢氧化钠溶液浸泡并调pH值8,过滤,得到固体B,回收浸泡液与液体A混合,再用氢氧化钾调整混合液的pH值为7,搅拌混合均匀,反应完全,静置沉淀24h,抽滤,得到固体C和液体C;液体C按45g/L补加尿素,得到液体复合肥料6;将固体B和固体C混合,150℃烘干,球磨,过325目筛子,得到粒径小于45微米的粉料,喷水造粒成球,80℃烘干,置于高温炉内以2℃/min的升温速度升到330 ℃,保温30 min,再以3℃/min的速度继续升温到1000℃,保温20 min,再以5℃/min的速度继续升温到1250℃煅烧40 min,炉内冷却到室温,过筛12和20目筛,取粒径0.85-1.70mm部分的球,得到陶粒支撑剂6。
实施例7:所得复合肥性能指标
将实施例1-6所得的复合肥按照标准DB33/699-2008 “有机液体肥料和有机-无机复混液体肥料质量安全要求”的方法和要求测试,各项指标见表1和表2:
表1液体肥安全指标(单位:mg/kg)
样品
液体肥1 1.21 4.44 6.41 23.11 22.17
液体肥2 1.44 3.52 7.69 24.69 30.66
液体肥3 2.83 4.88 7.00 38.29 21.35
液体肥4 1.06 5.04 6.98 31.74 38.24
液体肥5 2.25 5.23 7.44 32.44 39.51
液体肥6 2.33 5.14 8.01 34.38 32.22
DB33/699-2008规定值 ≤5 ≤10 ≤10 ≤50 ≤50
表2液体肥的营养指标
样品 总养分(N+P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>+ K<sub>2</sub>O)(g/L) N (g/L) P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5 </sub>(g/L) K<sub>2</sub>O (g/L) 有机质(g/L)
液体肥1 128.35 23.75 38.48 66.12 164.1
液体肥2 113.81 41.67 19.24 52.90 142.5
液体肥3 192.68 23.14 76.96 92.58 168.3
液体肥4 131.44 22.62 57.72 51.10 156.6
液体肥5 122.23 35.09 34.24 52.90 162.8
液体肥6 149.64 21.54 35.52 92.58 179.5
DB33/699-2008规定值 ≥110 g/L ≥20 g/L ≥20 g/L ≥20 g/L ≥150 g/L
以上数据表明,按实施例1~6,制备的液体肥均符合DB33/699-2008液体肥的标准。
实施例8:陶粒支撑剂的性能指标
实施例1~6所制得的陶粒支撑剂的性能如表3所示。
表3按具体实施例制备的陶粒支撑剂性能
项目 52MPa破碎率(%) 圆度/球度 酸溶解度(%) 体积密度(g/cm<sup>3</sup>) 视密度(g/cm<sup>3</sup>)
陶粒支撑剂1 8.96 0.9 4.17 1.54 2.33
陶粒支撑剂2 5.34 0.8 3.94 1.67 2.46
陶粒支撑剂3 15.33 0.8 4.98 1.25 2.18
陶粒支撑剂4 6.37 0.8 4.14 1.55 2.41
陶粒支撑剂5 7.42 0.8 4.22 1.51 2.37
陶粒支撑剂6 5.66 0.8 5.01 1.31 2.26
标准SY/T5108- 2006规定值 ≤20.0 ≥0.8 ≤5.0 -- --
以上数据表明,按实施例1~6,利用污泥制备的陶粒支撑剂的性能指标达到中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准SY/T5108-2006对支撑剂性能的要求。

Claims (4)

1.一种利用污泥制备陶粒支撑剂和复合肥的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括如下步骤:
1)取新鲜的剩余污泥,调整含水率80-95%,加入污泥质量的5-20%的过磷酸钙、5-20%的粉煤灰、10-40%的铝矾土和5-10%的质量百分含量为30%的双氧水,搅拌均匀,加热保持微沸5-10min,再按照污泥质量与混合酸溶液体积比为1Kg:1L比例,加入含0.1-1mol/L的盐酸和0.1-1mol/L的硫酸的混合酸溶液,搅拌均匀,加热80-95℃反应10-20min,固液分离,得到固体A和液体A;
2)将步骤1得到的固体A用氢氧化钠溶液浸泡并调pH值7-9,固液分离,得到固体B,回收浸泡液与液体A混合,再用氢氧化钾调整混合液的pH值为6-8,搅拌混合均匀,反应完全,静置沉淀,分离,得到固体C和液体C;
3)分析液体C中氮磷钾含量,按需补充,使得N、P2O5、K2O含量均不低于20 g/L,且N+P2O5+K2O总量不低于110g/L,得到液体复合肥;
4)将固体B和固体C混合,105-150℃烘干,球磨,过325目筛子,润湿造粒成球,60-90℃烘干,于1200-1500℃煅烧30-60min,得到陶粒支撑剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用污泥制备陶粒支撑剂和复合肥的方法,其特征在于,所述的污泥为城市生活污水处理厂的剩余污泥。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用污泥制备陶粒支撑剂和复合肥的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1中加入的铝矾土的含氧化铝含量不低于50%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用污泥制备陶粒支撑剂和复合肥的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤4中煅烧方法为:以2℃/min的升温速度升到330℃, 并在此温度下保温30 min,再以3℃/min的速度继续升温到1000℃,并在此温度下保温20 min,再以5℃/min的速度继续升温到烧成温度1200-1500℃, 并保温30-60 min,炉内冷却到室温。
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