CN106864246B - 一种混合动力汽车双行星排式动力耦合机构及控制方法 - Google Patents

一种混合动力汽车双行星排式动力耦合机构及控制方法 Download PDF

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CN106864246B
CN106864246B CN201710033924.5A CN201710033924A CN106864246B CN 106864246 B CN106864246 B CN 106864246B CN 201710033924 A CN201710033924 A CN 201710033924A CN 106864246 B CN106864246 B CN 106864246B
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clutch
motor
brake
mode
unclamp
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CN106864246A (zh
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汪少华
余铖铨
施德华
贺春荣
何建强
李佳芯
夏斌
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开一种混合动力汽车双行星排式动力耦合机构及控制方法，包括发动机、行星齿轮机构A、行星齿轮机构B、电机A、电机B、离合器A、离合器B、离合器C、离合器D、制动器。两个行星齿轮机构都由太阳轮、行星架、行星轮、齿圈组成。发动机通过离合器A与太阳轮A相连，电机A的输出轴与行星架A一端相连。本结构通过离合器和制动器的松开与结合，使汽车可以在多种工作模式下运行，满足复杂的行驶工况要求，使燃油经济性、动力性和能量利用率得到提高。

Description

一种混合动力汽车双行星排式动力耦合机构及控制方法
技术领域
本发明属于新能源汽车技术领域，具体涉及一种混合动力汽车双行星排式动力耦合机构及控制方法。
背景技术
随着全球汽车保有量的不断增加以及能源和环境问题的日益严重，新能源汽车成为了发展的趋势，但纯电动汽车由于电池技术的限制，续航里程不足，所以混合动力汽车是过渡阶段最好的一种选择。混合动力汽车兼顾了传统汽车的动力性和续航里程以及纯电动汽车的低排放。
根据电机和发动机的连接方式不同，混合动力汽车分为串联式，并联式和混联式。混联式混合动力汽车兼具前两者的优点，其最关键的部件是动力耦合器。新技术的发展对混合动力汽车动力耦合系统也提出了更高的要求，也要求发动机和电机之间动力更加合理的分配，使混合动力汽车能够在多种模式下工作，模式切换过程更加平顺，提高整车的乘坐舒适性、动力性和燃油经济性。
发明内容
本发明提供一种混合动力耦合机构，通过控制离合器和制动器的松开与结合，实现混合动力汽车多种运行模式，提高了汽车在不同工况下的动力性和燃油经济性。也减小了模式切换过程中的冲击，提高了乘坐舒适性。
本发明解决该技术问题所采用的技术方案：该混合动力汽车双行星排式动力耦合机构是包括发动机、行星齿轮机构A、行星齿轮机构B、电机A、电机B、离合器A、离合器B、离合器C、离合器D和制动器；
行星齿轮机构A包括太阳轮A、行星架A、齿圈A和行星轮A；行星齿轮机构B包括太阳轮B、行星架B、齿圈B和行星轮B；发动机的输出轴通过离合器A与太阳轮A同轴相连，通过控制离合器A的结合与松开实现发动机动力到动力耦合机构的传递与中断；行星架A通过离合器B与变速器输入轴相连，通过控制离合器B的结合与松开实现动力从前排行星齿轮机构A到变速器的传递与中断；行星架B通过离合器C与变速器输入轴相连，通过控制离合器C的结合与松开实现动力从后排行星齿轮机构B到变速器的传递与中断；齿圈A通过离合器D与太阳轮B相连，通过控制离合器D的结合与松开实现动力从前排行星齿轮机构A到后排行星齿轮机构B的传递与中断；制动器与齿圈A相连，用于对齿圈A进行制动。
电机A包括电机转子A、电机定子A；电机B包括电机转子B、电机定子B；电机定子A和电机定子B固定在动力耦合机构的壳体上；电机A的输出轴与行星架A的一端相连；电机转子B与太阳轮B同轴固定连接，随太阳轮B一起转动。行星轮A和行星轮B均为四个，分别与齿圈A、齿圈B的内齿相啮合。
当混合动力汽车中电机参与驱动时，可以由电机B单独驱动，或者由电机A和电机B联合驱动；当进行再生制动时，电机B既可以单独工作，也可以和电机A联合工作。
本发明通过对各离合器和制动器进行控制，可以实现停车充电模式、纯电动模式、发动机驱动模式、联合驱动模式和再生制动模式。而且可以工作在串联、并联或者混联模式。
混合动力汽车双行星排式动力耦合机构的控制方法，包括如下模式：
停车充电模式：当车辆停车时且蓄电池电量不足时，此时离合器A和制动器结合，电机A以发电机模式工作，对蓄电池充电，电机B不参与工作；离合器B、离合器C、离合器D均松开；
纯电动模式：
纯电动模式A)：离合器A、离合器B、离合器D、制动器均松开，离合器C结合，此时仅由电机B驱动汽车；
纯电动模式B)：离合器A、离合器D、制动器均松开，离合器B、离合器C结合，此时由电机A和电机B联合驱动汽车；
纯电动模式C)：离合器A、离合器、制动器松开，离合器C、离合器D结合，此时电机A和电机B联合驱动汽车；
发动机驱动模式
此时离合器A、离合器B、制动器结合，离合器C、离合器D松开，此模式适合在较高车速时；
联合驱动模式：
联合驱动模式A)：离合器A、离合器B、制动器结合，离合器C、离合器D松开，此时由电机A和发动机联合驱动；
联合驱动模式B)：离合器A、离合器B、离合器C、制动器结合，离合器D松开，此时由电机B和发动机联合驱动；
联合驱动模式A)和联合驱动模式B)适用于加速工况，电机A与电机B起辅助作用；
联合驱动模式C)：离合器A、离合器B、离合器C、制动器结合，离合器D松开，此时由电机A、电机B和发动机联合驱动，此模式用于全力加速或者最高速时；
联合驱动模式D)：离合器A、离合器C、制动器结合，离合器B、离合器D松开，此时混合动力汽车以串联形式工作，发动机与驱动轮转速不耦合；
再生制动模式：
再生制动模式A)：离合器C结合，离合器A、离合器B、离合器D、制动器松开，动力由驱动轮传递至电机B，只有电机B回收制动能量，电机A不参与工作；
再生制动模式B)：离合器B、离合器C、制动器结合，离合器A、离合器D松开，此时电机A和电机B都参与制动能量回收。
本发明具有以下优点：
(1)可以实现多种工作模式，提高动力性、燃油经济性和能量利用率。
(2)离合器A可避免发动机和耦合系统之间的影响，同时对发动机也起到保护作用。
(3)可以实现发动机的直接挡驱动，提高发动机工作效率。
(4)电机B直接驱动时，动力传递路径短并且与发动机和前排行星齿轮机构断开，从而效率高而且没有振动影响。
(5)混合动力汽车能以串联、并联、混联的模式工作，提高了系统工作效率。
(6)根据汽车制动时的制动力要求，利用不同挡位，可以提高制动效率和制动能量回收率。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种混合动力汽车双行星排式动力耦合机构的结构示意图；
图2是停车充电模式动力传递路线示意图；
图3是纯电动模式I动力传递路线示意图；
图4是纯电动模式II动力传递路线示意图；
图5是纯电动模式III动力传递路线示意图；
图6是发动机驱动模式动力传递路线示意图；
图7是联合驱动模式I动力传递路线示意图；
图8是联合驱动模式II动力传递路线示意图；
图9是联合驱动模式III动力传递路线示意图；
图10是联合驱动模式IV动力传递路线示意图；
图11是再生制动模式I动力传递路线示意图。
图12是再生制动模式II动力传递路线示意图；
附图标记如下：
1、发动机；2、离合器A；3、电机转子A；4、电机定子A；5、行星轮A；6、齿圈A；7、行星架A；8、行星架B；9、齿圈B；10、行星轮B；11太阳轮B；12、电机定子B；13、电机转子B；14、离合器D；15、制动器；16、离合器C；17、离合器B；18、太阳轮A；19、变速器输入轴；100、电机A；200、行星齿轮机构A；300、行星齿轮机构B；400、电机B。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
结合附图1所示，本发明提供一种混合动力汽车双行星排式动力耦合机构，发动机1的输出轴通过离合器A2与太阳轮A18相连；行星齿轮机构A200包括太阳轮A18、行星架A7、齿圈A6和行星轮A5；行星齿轮机构B300包括太阳轮B11、行星架B8、齿圈B9和行星轮B10；齿圈A6通过离合器D14与太阳轮B11相连。
电机A100包括电机转子A3和电机定子A4；电机B400包括电机转子B13和电机定子B12；电机定子A4和电机定子B12固定在动力耦合机构的壳体上；电机A100的输出轴与行星架A7的一端相连；电机转子B13与太阳轮B11同轴固定连接；制动器15与齿圈A6相连，用于对齿圈A6进行制动。
当混合动力汽车中电机参与驱动时，可以由电机B400单独驱动，或者由电机A100和电机B400联合驱动；当进行再生制动时，电机A100和电机B400既可以单独工作也可以同时工作。通过对各离合器和制动器进行独立的控制，可以实现多种工作模式。本发明的部分工作模式及其相应模式下离合器和制动器工作状态如附表1所示。
表1
下面结合附图对本发明的具体工作模式进行描述：
结合附图3，停车充电模式：当车辆停车时且蓄电池电量不足时处于此模式。此时离合器A2和制动器15结合，电机A100以发电机模式工作，对蓄电池充电，电机B400不参与工作；离合器B17、离合器C26、离合器D14均松开。
结合附图4和5，纯电动模式：本发明列举了混合动力汽车以纯电动模式运行时的动力耦合机构三种连接方式：动力传递路线结合附图4所示；模式I中离合器,2、离合器B17、离合器D14、制动器15均松开，离合器C16结合，此时仅由电机B400驱动汽车，
动力传递路线结合附图4所示；模式II中离合器A2、离合器D14、制动器15均松开，离合器B17、离合器C16结合，此时由电机A100和电机B400联合驱动汽车；
动力传递路线如附图5所示；模式III中离合器A2、离合器B17、制动器15松开，离合器C16、离合器D14结合，此时电机A100和电机B400联合驱动汽车。
动力传递路线如附图6所示；发动机驱动模式，此时离合器A2、离合器B17、制动器15结合，离合器C16、离合器D14松开，此模式适合在较高车速时。
联合驱动模式
本发明列举了混合动力汽车以联合驱动模式运行时的动力耦合机构四种连接方式：动力传递路线如附图7所示；模式I中离合器A2、离合器B17、制动器15结合，离合器C16、离合器D14松开，此时由电机A100和发动机1联合驱动；
动力传递路线如附图8所示；模式II中离合器A、离合器B、离合器C、制动器结合，离合器D松开，此时由电机B和发动机联合驱动，模式I和模式II都适用于加速工况，电机起辅助作用；
动力传递路线如附图9所示；模式III中离合器A、离合器B、离合器C、制动器结合，离合器D松开，此时由电机A、电机B和发动机联合驱动，此模式用于全力加速或最高速时，
动力传递路线如附图10所示；模式IV中离合器A、离合器C、制动器结合，离合器B、离合器D松开，此时混合动力汽车以串联形式工作，发动机1与驱动轮转速不耦合。
在发动机单独驱动模式或联合驱动模式时，可以用多余的功率驱动电机，再给蓄电池充电，即行车发电。
再生制动模式：本发明列举了混合动力汽车以再生制动模式运行时的动力耦合机构两种连接方式：动力传递路线如附图11所示；模式I中离合器C16结合，离合器A2、离合器B17、离合器D14、制动器15松开，动力由驱动轮传递至电机B400，只有电机B400回收制动能量，电机A100不参与工作；
动力传递路线如附图12所示：模式II中离合器B17、离合器C16、制动器15结合，离合器A2、离合器D14松开，此时电机A100和电机B400都参与制动能量回收。
所述实施例为本发明的优选的实施方式，但本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下，本领域技术人员能够做出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变型均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种混合动力汽车双行星排式动力耦合机构，包括发动机(1)、行星齿轮机构A(200)、行星齿轮机构B(300)、电机A(100)、电机B(400)、离合器A(2)、离合器B(17)、离合器C(16)和制动器(15)；所述发动机(1)的输出轴通过离合器A(2)与太阳轮A(18)相连；所述行星齿轮机构A(200)包括太阳轮A(18)、行星架A(7)、齿圈A(6)和行星轮A(5)；所述行星齿轮机构B(300)包括太阳轮B(11)、行星架B(8)、齿圈B(9)和行星轮B(10)；所述齿圈B(9)固定于耦合机构壳体上；所述电机A(100)包括电机转子A(3)和电机定子A(4)；所述电机B(400)包括电机转子B(13)和电机定子B(12)；所述电机定子A(4)和电机定子B(12)固定在动力耦合机构的壳体上；
其特征在于：该机构还包括离合器D(14)；所述齿圈A(6)通过离合器D(14)与太阳轮B(11)相连；所述电机A(100)的输出轴与行星架A(7)的一端相连，行星架A(7)的另一端与离合器B(17)的主动部分相连，离合器B(17)的从动部分与变速器输入轴(19)相连；所述电机转子B(13)与太阳轮B(11)同轴固定连接；所述制动器(15)与齿圈A(6)相连，用于对齿圈A(6)进行制动；所述行星架B(8)通过离合器C(16)与变速器输入轴(19)相连。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力汽车双行星排式动力耦合机构，其特征在于，所述行星轮A(5)和行星轮B(10)均为四个，分别与齿圈A(6)、齿圈B(9)的内齿相啮合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力汽车双行星排式动力耦合机构的控制方法，其特征在于：包括如下模式：
停车充电模式：当车辆停车时且蓄电池电量不足时，此时离合器A(2)和制动器(15)结合，电机A(100)以发电机模式工作，对蓄电池充电，电机B(400)不参与工作；离合器B(17)、离合器C(16)、离合器D(14)均松开；
纯电动模式包括纯电动模式A)、纯电动模式B)和纯电动模式C)，其中：
纯电动模式A)：离合器A(2)、离合器B(17)、离合器D(14)、制动器(15)均松开，离合器C(16)结合，此时仅由电机B(400)驱动汽车；
纯电动模式B)：离合器A(2)、离合器D(14)、制动器(15)均松开，离合器B(17)、离合器C(16)结合，此时由电机A(100)和电机B(400)联合驱动汽车；
纯电动模式C)：离合器A(2)、离合器B(17)、制动器(15)松开，离合器C(16)、离合器D(14)结合，此时电机A(100)和电机B(400)联合驱动汽车；
发动机驱动模式
此时离合器A(2)、离合器B(17)、制动器(15)结合，离合器C(16)、离合器D(14)松开，此模式适合在较高车速时；
联合驱动模式包括联合驱动模式A)、联合驱动模式B)、联合驱动模式C)和联合驱动模式D)，其中：
联合驱动模式A)：离合器A(2)、离合器B(17)、制动器(15)结合，离合器C(16)、离合器D(14)松开，此时由电机A(100)和发动机(1)联合驱动；
联合驱动模式B)：离合器A(2)、离合器B(17)、离合器C(16)、制动器(15)结合，离合器D(14)松开，此时由电机B(400)和发动机(1)联合驱动；
联合驱动模式A)和联合驱动模式B)适用于加速工况，电机A(100)与电机B(400)起辅助作用；
联合驱动模式C)：离合器A(2)、离合器B(17)、离合器C(16)、制动器(15)结合，离合器D(14)松开，此时由电机A(100)、电机B(400)和发动机(1)联合驱动，此模式用于全力加速或者最高速时；
联合驱动模式D)：离合器A(2)、离合器C(16)、制动器(15)结合，离合器B(17)、离合器D(14)松开，此时混合动力汽车以串联形式工作，发动机(1)与驱动轮转速不耦合；
再生制动模式包括再生制动模式A)和再生制动模式B)，其中：
再生制动模式A)：离合器C(16)结合，离合器A(2)、离合器B(17)、离合器D(14)、制动器(15)松开，动力由驱动轮传递至电机B(400)，只有电机B(400)回收制动能量，电机A(100)不参与工作；
再生制动模式B)：离合器B(17)、离合器C(16)、制动器(15)结合，离合器A(2)、离合器D(14)松开，此时电机A(100)和电机B(400)都参与制动能量回收。
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