A kind of hemispherical finishing grinding wheel for Ultra-precision Turning
Technical field
The present invention relates to hemispherical finishing grinding wheel, more particularly to a kind of hemispherical finishing grinding wheel for Ultra-precision Turning.
Background technology
Currently, the demand of the fields to aspherical optical element such as aerospace, medical treatment, astronomy and modern O-E Products is got over
Come more urgent.From the point of view of machining, aspherical optical element has big material hardness, face shape complexity, geometric accuracy and light
The features such as cleanliness is high, this has become the technical barrier in Ultra-precision Turning field.As last procedure in Ultra-precision Turning,
Finishing is to determine the important link of non-spherical element surface roughness and finish.Traditional finishing process is to polish or grind,
All there is the inevitable polishing efficiency of finishing process is low in actual production, grinding cannot achieve free form surface finishing
Defect.
Existing finishing grinding wheel complicated in mechanical structure needs other corollary equipments when use, system complex and it is expensive, and
Surface roughness after workpiece finishing is extremely difficult to ultraprecise precision.Therefore, existing finishing grinding wheel is difficult to be widely used in non-
The ultrahigh precision of spherical optics element is processed.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to solve all there is the inevitable polishing effects of finishing process in actual production
Rate is low, and grinding cannot achieve the defect of free form surface finishing, system complex and it is expensive, the surface roughness after workpiece finishing is difficult
Reach the problem of ultraprecise precision is difficult to be widely used in the ultrahigh precision processing of aspherical optical element, and a kind of use proposed
In the hemispherical finishing grinding wheel of Ultra-precision Turning.
Above-mentioned goal of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of hemispherical finishing grinding wheel for Ultra-precision Turning is made of abrasive material, grinding wheel base body and grinding wheel support element;
The grinding wheel base body is made of hemisphere, fixed plate and location hole, and hemisphere is arranged in fixed plate, in fixed plate
It is the location hole that r depth is less than fixed plate thickness that radius is arranged at center;
The grinding wheel support element is made of positioning convex platform, support plate and pole wheel;
Positioning convex platform is located at the center of support plate upper end, pole wheel, the positioning convex platform heart coaxial with support plate, pole wheel
It is used to support support plate;
The abrasive material is bonded in hemispheroidal surface, and the lower face of abrasive material and the upper surface of fixed plate setting first
Gap;It is interference fit between positioning convex platform and location hole, the radius of location hole consistent with positioning convex platform radius is r, and is positioned
The height of boss is less than the depth of location hole;The second gap is arranged with positioning convex platform in location hole;Wherein, spherical surface on the outside of abrasive material
The radius of curvature R 2 of radius of curvature R 1, abrasive material inside spherical surface is equal to the hemispheroidal radius R of grinding wheel base body;The thickness of abrasive material
Difference of the value equal to R1-R2;The radius value of fixed plate is equal to the radius value of support plate;Fixed plate is bonded in above support plate.
Invention effect
It is simple the present invention provides a kind of mechanical structure and practical, it can be achieved that deep camber non-spherical element Ultra-precision Turning
Finishing grinding wheel.The outstanding feature of the present invention is that main part flexible substrate is combined with traditional grinding wheel abrasive material, worked
Abrasive material will produce the micro removal of uncertainty similar to polishing and grinding to work surface in journey, have the function of finishing;
The finishing under constant force can be realized by movement locus of making rational planning for, and then obtains preferable finishing effect;Abrasive material is fixed grinds
Grain, the grain size of abrasive grain, which is 1 micron to 40 microns, can effectively improve material remove rate, and then improve finishing efficiency;Abrasive material is
Hemispherical dome structure can carry out finishing to the non-spherical element of deep camber, be particularly suitable for the skin processing of concave surface;In abrasive material
Abrasive material and the material of bonding agent type and grinding wheel base body all there are many selection, can be according to the material property of work surface
Or desired finishing precision selects suitable abrasive material, bonding agent and basis material;By lower face and fixation that abrasive material is arranged
The gap of the upper surface of plate and the gap of location hole and positioning convex platform prevent grinding wheel base body generate flexible deformation after abrasive material,
Occur mutually to squeeze between grinding wheel base body and support element;The mechanical structure of the present invention is simple, is readily produced manufacture, does not need other
Corollary equipment, use cost is low, can be widely applied in actual industrial production.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the hemispherical finishing grinding wheel structure schematic diagram for the Ultra-precision Turning that specific implementation mode one proposes;
Fig. 2 is the sectional view for the abrasive material layer segment that specific implementation mode one proposes;
Fig. 3 (a) is the axonometric drawing for the grinding wheel base body part that specific implementation mode one proposes;
Fig. 3 (b) is the sectional view for the grinding wheel base body part that specific implementation mode one proposes;
Fig. 4 is the axonometric drawing for the grinding wheel support element part that specific implementation mode one proposes.
Specific implementation mode
Specific implementation mode one:A kind of hemispherical finishing grinding wheel for Ultra-precision Turning of present embodiment, specifically by
Abrasive material 1, grinding wheel base body 2 and grinding wheel support element 3 form as shown in Figure 1;
The grinding wheel base body 2 is made of hemisphere 2-1, fixed plate 2-2 and location hole 2-3 shown in Fig. 3 a and b, hemisphere
2-1 is arranged on fixed plate 2-2, and it is the location hole 2- that r depth is less than fixed plate thickness that radius is arranged at the centers fixed plate 2-2
3;
The grinding wheel support element 3 is made of positioning convex platform 3-1, support plate 3-2 and pole wheel 3-3;
Positioning convex platform 3-1 is located at the center of the upper ends support plate 3-2, pole wheel 3-3, positioning convex platform 3-1 and support plate
The coaxial hearts of 3-2, pole wheel 3-3 are used to support support plate 3-2 such as Fig. 4;
The abrasive material 1 is bonded in the surface of hemisphere 2-1, and the upper surface of the lower face of abrasive material 1 and fixed plate 2-2
First gap 4 is set;It is interference fit, the radius and positioning convex platform of location hole 2-3 between positioning convex platform 3-1 and location hole 2-3
3-1 radiuses are unanimously r, and the height of positioning convex platform 3-1 is less than the depth of location hole 2-3;Location hole 2-3 and positioning convex platform 3-1
The second gap of setting 5;It can be ground according in the applicable abrasive material 1 of the specific requirement of finishing or the material property selection of workpiece to be added
Material and the type of bonding agent and the material type and elasticity number of grinding wheel base body 2;Wherein, abrasive material 1 is with certain thickness ball
The center of circle of Crown structure, outside spherical surface and inside spherical surface is in same point;The radius of curvature R 1 of 1 outside spherical surface of abrasive material is less than to be added
The radius of curvature of any point on work surface, the radius of curvature R 2 of 1 inside spherical surface of abrasive material are equal to the hemisphere 2-1's of grinding wheel base body
Radius R;The thickness value of abrasive material 1 is equal to difference such as Fig. 2 of R1-R2;Half of the radius value of fixed plate 2-2 equal to support plate 3-2
Diameter value;The material of grinding wheel base body 2 is rubber or elastic resin;Fixed plate 2-2 is bonded in above support plate 3-2;The support plate
Play the role of the fixed grinding wheel base body, pole wheel is the coupling part of grinding wheel and electric main shaft.
Present embodiment effect:
It is simple present embodiments provide for a kind of mechanical structure and practical, it can be achieved that deep camber non-spherical element ultraprecise
The finishing grinding wheel of processing.The outstanding feature of present embodiment is that main part flexible substrate is combined with traditional grinding wheel abrasive material,
Abrasive material will produce the micro removal of uncertainty similar to polishing and grinding to work surface during the work time, have finishing
Effect;The finishing under constant force can be realized by movement locus of making rational planning for, and then obtains preferable finishing effect;Abrasive material is
Fixation abrasive grain, the grain size of abrasive grain, which is 1 micron to 40 microns, can effectively improve material remove rate, can effectively improve the removal of material
Rate, and then improve finishing efficiency;Abrasive material is hemispherical dome structure, can carry out finishing to the non-spherical element of deep camber, especially
Skin processing suitable for concave surface;All there are many choosings for abrasive material and the material of bonding agent type and grinding wheel base body in abrasive material
It selects, suitable abrasive material, bonding agent and matrix material can be selected according to the material property of work surface or the finishing precision of requirement
Material;It is anti-by gap and the gap of location hole and positioning convex platform that the lower face of abrasive material and the upper surface of fixed plate is arranged
Only grinding wheel base body occurs mutually to squeeze between abrasive material, grinding wheel base body and support element after generating flexible deformation;Present embodiment
Mechanical structure is simple, is readily produced manufacture, does not need other corollary equipments, and use cost is low, can be widely applied to practical work
In industry production.
Specific implementation mode two:The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that:The thickness value of the abrasive material 1
Ranging from 5~10mm;Abrasive material 1 is made of abrasive material and bonding agent, and wherein abrasive material is diamond, cubic boron nitride, silicon carbide
Or one kind in corundum, bonding agent type are one kind in metal, ceramics or resin.Other steps and parameter and specific embodiment party
Formula one is identical.
Specific implementation mode three:The present embodiment is different from the first and the second embodiment in that:Bond the abrasive material 1
Be bonded in the binder used in support plate 3-2 with binder, the fixed plate 2-2 used in hemisphere 2-1 and be adhesively fixed plate 2-2 and
Binder used in support plate 3-2 is high-temperature plastic, and wherein high-temperature plastic is fire resistant epoxy class adhesive or high temperature resistance phenolic aldehyde
Resinae adhesive.Other steps and parameter are the same as one or two specific embodiments.
Specific implementation mode four:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to three:The abrasive material 1
The first gap 4 is arranged is 0.02R~0.1R the upper surface of lower face and fixed plate 2-2.Other steps and parameter and specific reality
It is identical to apply one of mode one to three.
Specific implementation mode five:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to four:The fixed plate
The structure of 2-2 is cylindrical thin plate.Other steps and parameter are identical as one of specific implementation mode one to four.
Specific implementation mode six:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to five:The fixed plate
The thickness of 2-2 is 0.1R~0.2R.Other steps and parameter are identical as one of specific implementation mode one to five.
Specific implementation mode seven:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to six:The location hole
2-3 is blind cylindrical hole, and location hole 2-3 shapes can also be the cylindricality blind hole of other polygons, other polygons can be four
Side shape, pentagon, hexagon etc..Other steps and parameter are identical as one of specific implementation mode one to six.
Specific implementation mode eight:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to seven:The location hole
It is 1~3mm that the second gap 5, which is arranged, in 2-3 and positioning convex platform 3-1.Other steps and one of parameter and specific implementation mode one to seven
It is identical.
Specific implementation mode nine:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to eight:The grinding wheel branch
The material of support member 3 is aluminium alloy or steel alloy, plays the role of positioning and fixing the grinding wheel base body, and connection grinding wheel and electricity
The part of dynamic main shaft;The structure of support plate 3-2 is cylindrical thin plate, and cylindrical lamella thickness is 0.15R~0.3R, pole wheel 3-
3 radius is 0.1R~R.Other steps and parameter are identical as one of specific implementation mode one to eight.
Specific implementation mode ten:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to nine::The radius r
For 0.05R~0.2R.Other steps and parameter are identical as one of specific implementation mode one to nine.