A kind of hemispherical finishing emery wheel for Ultra-precision Turning
Technical field
The present invention relates to hemispherical finishing emery wheel, more particularly to a kind of hemispherical finishing emery wheel for Ultra-precision Turning.
Background technology
Currently, the field such as Aero-Space, medical treatment, astronomy and modern O-E Products is got over to the demand of aspherical optical element
Come more urgent.From from the point of view of machining, aspherical optical element has big material hardness, face shape complexity, geometric accuracy and light
The features such as cleanliness is high, this has turned into the technical barrier in Ultra-precision Turning field.As last procedure in Ultra-precision Turning,
Finishing is the important step for determining non-spherical element surface roughness and finish.Traditional finishing process is to polish or grind,
The inevitable polishing efficiency of finishing process is all there is in actual production low, grinding cannot realize free form surface finishing
Defect.
Existing finishing emery wheel complicated in mechanical structure, needs other corollary equipments, system complex and expensive when using, and
Surface roughness after workpiece finishing is extremely difficult to ultraprecise precision.Therefore, existing finishing emery wheel is difficult to be widely used in non-
The ultrahigh precision processing of spherical optics element.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to solve all to there is the inevitable polishing effect of finishing process in actual production
Rate is low, and grinding cannot realize the defect of free form surface finishing, system complex and expensive, and the surface roughness after workpiece finishing is difficult
The problem that ultraprecise precision is difficult to be widely used in the ultrahigh precision processing of aspherical optical element is reached, and the one kind for proposing is used
In the hemispherical finishing emery wheel of Ultra-precision Turning.
Above-mentioned goal of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of hemispherical finishing emery wheel for Ultra-precision Turning is made up of abrasive material, grinding wheel base body and emery wheel support member;
The grinding wheel base body is made up of hemisphere, fixed plate and location hole, and hemisphere is arranged in fixed plate, in fixed plate
It is the location hole that r depth is less than fixed plate thickness that center sets radius;
The emery wheel support member is made up of positioning boss, supporting plate and pole wheel;
Positioning boss is located at the center of supporting plate upper end, pole wheel, the positioning boss heart coaxial with supporting plate, pole wheel
For supporting supporting plate;
The abrasive material is bonded in hemispheroidal surface, and the lower surface of abrasive material sets first with the upper surface of fixed plate
Gap;It is interference fit between positioning boss and location hole, it is r that the radius of location hole is consistent with positioning boss radius, and is positioned
Depth of the height of boss less than location hole;Location hole sets the second gap with positioning boss;Wherein, sphere on the outside of abrasive material
Radius of curvature R 1, the radius of curvature R 2 of abrasive material inner side sphere is equal to the hemispheroidal radius R of grinding wheel base body;The thickness of abrasive material
Difference of the value equal to R1-R2;The radius value of fixed plate is equal to the radius value of supporting plate;Fixed plate is bonded in above supporting plate.
Invention effect
It is simple and practical the invention provides a kind of mechanical structure, it is capable of achieving the non-spherical element Ultra-precision Turning of deep camber
Finishing emery wheel.Outstanding feature of the invention is that main part flexible substrate is combined with traditional emery wheel abrasive material, worked
Abrasive material can produce the uncertain micro removal similar to polishing and grinding, the effect with finishing to work surface in journey;
The finishing under constant force can be realized by movement locus of making rational planning for, and then obtains preferable finishing effect;Abrasive material grinds for set
Grain, the particle diameter of abrasive particle can effectively improve material remove rate, and then raising finishing efficiency for 1 micron to 40 microns;Abrasive material is
Hemispherical dome structure, can carry out finishing to the non-spherical element of deep camber, be particularly suited for the skin processing of concave surface;In abrasive material
Abrasive material and the material of bonding agent type and grinding wheel base body have multiple choices, can be according to the material property of work surface
Or desired finishing precision selects suitable abrasive material, bonding agent and matrix material;By the lower surface and the fixation that set abrasive material
The gap of the upper surface of plate, and location hole and positioning boss gap prevent grinding wheel base body produce abrasive material after elastic deformation,
There is mutually extruding between grinding wheel base body and support member;Mechanical structure of the invention is simple, it is easy to manufacture, it is not necessary to other
Corollary equipment, use cost is low, in can be widely applied to actual industrial production.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the hemispherical finishing grinding wheel structure schematic diagram of the Ultra-precision Turning that specific embodiment one is proposed;
Fig. 2 is the profile of the abrasive material layer segment that specific embodiment one is proposed;
Fig. 3 (a) is the axonometric drawing of the grinding wheel base body part that specific embodiment one is proposed;
Fig. 3 (b) is the profile of the grinding wheel base body part that specific embodiment one is proposed;
Fig. 4 is the axonometric drawing of the emery wheel support member part that specific embodiment one is proposed.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment one:A kind of hemispherical finishing emery wheel for Ultra-precision Turning of present embodiment, specifically by
Abrasive material 1, grinding wheel base body 2 and emery wheel support member 3 are constituted as shown in Figure 1;
The grinding wheel base body 2 is made up of as shown in Fig. 3 a and b hemisphere 2-1, fixed plate 2-2 and location hole 2-3, hemisphere
2-1 is arranged on fixed plate 2-2, and it is the location hole 2- that r depth is less than fixed plate thickness to set radius in fixed plate 2-2 centers
3;
The emery wheel support member 3 is made up of positioning boss 3-1, supporting plate 3-2 and pole wheel 3-3;
Positioning boss 3-1 is located at the center of supporting plate 3-2 upper ends, pole wheel 3-3, positioning boss 3-1 and supporting plate
The coaxial hearts of 3-2, pole wheel 3-3 is used to support supporting plate 3-2 such as Fig. 4;
The abrasive material 1 is bonded in the surface of hemisphere 2-1, and lower surface and the fixed plate 2-2 of abrasive material 1 upper surface
First gap 4 is set;It is interference fit, the radius and positioning boss of location hole 2-3 between positioning boss 3-1 and location hole 2-3
3-1 radiuses unanimously be r, and positioning boss 3-1 height less than location hole 2-3 depth;Location hole 2-3 and positioning boss 3-1
The second gap of setting 5;Can be ground according in the applicable abrasive material 1 of the material property of the specific requirement of finishing or workpiece to be added selection
The type and the material type and elasticity number of grinding wheel base body 2 of material and bonding agent;Wherein, abrasive material 1 is with certain thickness ball
The center of circle of Crown structure, outside sphere and inner side sphere is in same point;The radius of curvature R 1 of the outside sphere of abrasive material 1 is less than to be added
The radius of curvature of any point on work surface, the radius of curvature R 2 of the inner side sphere of abrasive material 1 is equal to the hemisphere 2-1's of grinding wheel base body
Radius R;The thickness value of abrasive material 1 is equal to difference such as Fig. 2 of R1-R2;The radius value of fixed plate 2-2 is equal to the half of supporting plate 3-2
Footpath is worth;The material of grinding wheel base body 2 is rubber or elastic resin;Fixed plate 2-2 is bonded in above supporting plate 3-2;The supporting plate
Play a part of the fixation grinding wheel base body, pole wheel is the coupling part of emery wheel and electric main shaft.
Present embodiment effect:
It is simple and practical present embodiments provide for a kind of mechanical structure, it is capable of achieving the non-spherical element ultraprecise of deep camber
The finishing emery wheel of processing.The outstanding feature of present embodiment is that main part flexible substrate is combined with traditional emery wheel abrasive material,
Abrasive material can produce the uncertain micro removal similar to polishing and grinding to work surface in the course of the work, with finishing
Effect;The finishing under constant force can be realized by movement locus of making rational planning for, and then obtains preferable finishing effect;Abrasive material is
Fixation abrasive grain, the particle diameter of abrasive particle can effectively improve material remove rate for 1 micron to 40 microns, can effectively improve the removal of material
Rate, and then improve finishing efficiency;Abrasive material is hemispherical dome structure, can carry out finishing to the non-spherical element of deep camber, especially
Suitable for the skin processing of concave surface;The material of abrasive material and bonding agent type and grinding wheel base body in abrasive material has various choosings
Select, suitable abrasive material, bonding agent and matrix material can be selected according to the material property of work surface or the finishing precision of requirement
Material;By setting the gap of the lower surface of abrasive material and the upper surface of fixed plate, and location hole is prevented with the gap of positioning boss
Only there is mutually extruding in grinding wheel base body after producing elastic deformation between abrasive material, grinding wheel base body and support member;Present embodiment
Mechanical structure is simple, it is easy to manufacture, it is not necessary to which other corollary equipments, use cost is low, can be widely applied to actual work
In industry production.
Specific embodiment two:Present embodiment from unlike specific embodiment one:The thickness value of the abrasive material 1
Scope be 5~10mm;Abrasive material 1 is made up of abrasive material and bonding agent, and wherein abrasive material is diamond, cubic boron nitride, carborundum
Or the one kind in corundum, bonding agent type is the one kind in metal, ceramics or resin.Other steps and parameter and specific embodiment party
Formula one is identical.
Specific embodiment three:Present embodiment from unlike specific embodiment one or two:The bonded abrasive lap bed of material 1
Be bonded in the binding agent used by supporting plate 3-2 with the binding agent used by hemisphere 2-1, fixed plate 2-2 and be adhesively fixed plate 2-2 and
Binding agent used by supporting plate 3-2 is high-temperature plastic, and wherein high-temperature plastic is fire resistant epoxy class adhesive or high temperature resistance phenolic aldehyde
Resinae adhesive.Other steps and parameter are identical with specific embodiment one or two.
Specific embodiment four:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to three:The abrasive material 1
To set the first gap 4 be 0.02R~0.1R the upper surface of lower surface and fixed plate 2-2.Other steps and parameter and specific reality
Apply one of mode one to three identical.
Specific embodiment five:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to four:The fixed plate
The structure of 2-2 is cylindrical thin plate.Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to four.
Specific embodiment six:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to five:The fixed plate
The thickness of 2-2 is 0.1R~0.2R.Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to five.
Specific embodiment seven:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to six:The location hole
2-3 is blind cylindrical hole, and location hole 2-3 shapes can also be other polygonal cylindricality blind holes, and other polygons can be four
Side shape, pentagon, hexagon etc..Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to six.
Specific embodiment eight:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to seven:The location hole
It is 1~3mm that 2-3 and positioning boss 3-1 sets the second gap 5.One of other steps and parameter and specific embodiment one to seven
It is identical.
Specific embodiment nine:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to eight:The emery wheel branch
The material of support member 3 is aluminium alloy or steel alloy, plays a part of to position and fix the grinding wheel base body, is also connection emery wheel and electricity
The part of dynamic main shaft;The structure of supporting plate 3-2 is cylindrical thin plate, and cylindrical lamella thickness is 0.15R~0.3R, pole wheel 3-
3 radius is 0.1R~R.Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to eight.
Specific embodiment ten:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to nine::The radius r
It is 0.05R~0.2R.Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to nine.