CN106859792A - The through-hole porous tooth implant of multisection type - Google Patents
The through-hole porous tooth implant of multisection type Download PDFInfo
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- CN106859792A CN106859792A CN201710144217.3A CN201710144217A CN106859792A CN 106859792 A CN106859792 A CN 106859792A CN 201710144217 A CN201710144217 A CN 201710144217A CN 106859792 A CN106859792 A CN 106859792A
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- hole
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- section
- loose structure
- implant
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0018—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the shape
- A61C8/0037—Details of the shape
- A61C8/0039—Details of the shape in the form of hollow cylinder with an open bottom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0018—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the shape
- A61C8/0037—Details of the shape
- A61C8/0042—Details of the shape consisting of two halves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0048—Connecting the upper structure to the implant, e.g. bridging bars
- A61C8/005—Connecting devices for joining an upper structure with an implant member, e.g. spacers
- A61C8/0074—Connecting devices for joining an upper structure with an implant member, e.g. spacers with external threads
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C2204/00—Features not otherwise provided for
Abstract
A kind of through-hole porous tooth implant of multisection type, including wearing gum section and thread segment, the gum section of wearing is smooth solid construction, it is described to wear the top that gum section is located at thread segment, the tooth implant also includes loose structure section, the loose structure section is located at the bottom of the thread segment, in the loose structure section, from top to bottom successively using the loose structure of aperture increases；The loose structure uses cross through hole mode, and the cross through hole in every kind of aperture is radial, and each cross through hole is circumferentially distributed.The present invention provides a kind of through-hole porous tooth implant of multisection type for effectively improving bond strength, lifting with reference to speed, be easily achieved loose structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tooth body plantation recovery technique field, the especially a kind of through-hole porous tooth implant of multisection type.
Background technology
The life that absence of tooth can give people is made troubles, and the reparation of artificial tooth cannot meet the demand of people.In recent years
Come, the development of tooth-implanting technology is successfully for we solve this problem.Tooth-implanting is the bionical tooth made according to natural teeth.
It is largely divided into the corona for undertaking masticatory force and the planting body two parts for screwing in mandibular.The success or not of tooth-implanting is largely
It is to be determined by planting body.One successful tooth-implanting, it should such that implant forms complete synosteosis with mandibular, have
Good biocompatibility.In order to promote the combination of planting body and alveolar bone, the tooth implant with rough surface has been obtained extensively
General application, zoopery studies surface with clinical practice, and compared with smooth surface, rough surface can increase synosteosis surface area,
And be conducive to the combination of planting body and alveolar bone.But, the bond strength of planting body and alveolar bone with rough surface is far away
Preferable clinical effectiveness is reached, how further to increase the bond strength of planting body and alveolar bone, the long term for improving planting body has
Effect property, lifts the success rate of implant operation, is letter problem to be solved.
The synosteosis ability of early stage determines the life-span of planting body.Tooth-implanting currently used in the market is mostly common
Entity titanium alloy implant, the Gegenbaur's cell of alveolus can only be covered in the surface of planting body, and contact area is small, is unfavorable for bone tissue
Growth, be unfavorable for the synosteosis of early stage.For the patient of Bone mineral change, treatment is got up more difficult；While the bullet of titanium alloy
Property modulus is significantly larger than human body alveolar bone tissue, and this can cause " stress-shielding effect ".Long-term use is gone down, bone regeneration around implant bone
Tissue hardly endurance causes implant easily to loosen even fracture so as to atrophy.The changeless elastic modelling quantity of planting body
Its mechanical structure poor performance can also be caused.Can increase the surface area of planting body by introducing loose structure, improve mechanical locking force,
Be conducive to the combination of implant and bone tissue.It is to increase pore structure between screw thread to realize to have designed at present, but hole knot
Structure is more prone to cause stress concentration so as to destroy implant together with screw thread.Meanwhile, different screw threads influence not on stress concentration
Equally.Pore structure is distributed between the threads, and the adjustability of pore structure is deteriorated.
The design of tooth implant needs to meet claimed below:
(1) stephanoporate implant of design should try one's best the destruction for avoiding stress concentration from causing planting body；
(2) loose structure disclosure satisfy that the personalized outer shape of planting body, and loose structure is through hole, can be by changing
Parameter of pore structure realizes the controllable of internal void, realizes the controllable of structural behaviour parameter；
(3) loose structure of design need to meet the technological requirement of 3D printing (increases material manufacturing technology), by increasing material manufacturing energy
Enough requirements for meeting biological and mechanical property, it is desirable to have enough rigidity and intensity ensures that it will not send out after being implanted in alveolar bone
Raw deformation failure, while also to ensure that its elastic modelling quantity is substantially suitable with the elastic modelling quantity of natural bone, it is to avoid produce stress shielding；
(4) loose structure changes in gradient from outside to inside, and osteocyte can be promoted to enter porous interior growth；
(5) loose structure increased surface area, is conducive to Gegenbaur's cell to be contacted with implant and promotes growth, improve early stage
Synosteosis ability.
What is used currently on the market is mostly common solid planting body.Controllable stephanoporate implant is difficult by traditional
Machining is realized.Meanwhile, because contact area is small, tooth implant is not good with alveolus osseointegration intensity, after planting body implantation extremely
3-6 month very long bone uptake healing stage is needed between prosthesis.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the bond strength of existing tooth implant poor, slow with reference to speed and be difficult to realize loose structure not
Foot, the present invention provides that a kind of to effectively improve bond strength, lifting more with reference to speed, the multisection type through hole for being easily achieved loose structure
Hole tooth implant.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
A kind of through-hole porous tooth implant of multisection type, including gum section and thread segment are worn, the gum section of wearing is smooth solid knot
Structure, described to wear the top that gum section is located at thread segment, the tooth implant also includes loose structure section, and the loose structure section is located at
The bottom of the thread segment, in the loose structure section, from top to bottom successively using the loose structure of aperture increases；It is described porous
Structure uses cross through hole mode, and the cross through hole in every kind of aperture is radial, and each cross through hole is circumferentially distributed.
Further, a kind of cross through hole in aperture misplaces with the cross through hole in adjacent upper and lower aperture and arranges.
Or：A kind of cross through hole in aperture is located in same vertical lines with the cross through hole in adjacent upper and lower aperture.
Preferably, the section of the cross through hole is rhombus.It is of course also possible to be other shapes.
Further, the aperture is distributed using gradient from bottom to top, and scope is at 100~500 microns.
Further, in the loose structure, single cross through hole is through the vertical center line of loose structure section, and each is horizontal
Circumferentially it is spacedly distributed to through hole.
The aperture of the cross through hole is big by small continuous change from middle part to outside.
The lower end of the loose structure section is provided with the chamfering for increasing the sharp property of implant.
The upper end for wearing gum section is provided with base station interface, and the base station interface uses class hex nut interface.The class six
The hexagon of angle nut is set up for two grades of anti-rotational arc convex parts
It is described wear gum section in, a diameter of 4mm, length is 0.15L, and L is implant diameter；In the thread segment, from spiral shell
Line external diameter is 4mm, and depth is 0.35mm, and pitch is the screw thread of 0.5mm, and the anglec of rotation is 60 °, and screw thread segment length is 0.4L, is adopted
Counter support screw thread is used, is above 15 °~45 ° with following angle；In the loose structure section, length is 0.45L, a diameter of
3.3mm, 45 ° of implant bottom bevelling, 0.5~1mm of distance.
Technology design of the invention is：Stress concentration is concentrated mainly on neck, and upper end uses smooth solid construction, Ke Yiyou
Effect avoids stress concentration effect；Middle part uses screw thread, can be engaged with bone piece and increase contact area, and tail end is using from top to bottom
Successively using the loose structure of aperture increases, stress concentration effect is both avoided, while loose structure increases contact area, had
Beneficial to the differentiation and growth of Gegenbaur's cell, the association rate of planting body and bone tissue is improved, the distribution of such three-stage is caused
Stress is uniformly distributed；Loose structure is through hole, radial, hole circumferentially array, and angle is 60 °, aperture from lower to upper according to
It is secondary to be incremented by, it is distributed using gradient, comprising being interspersed, stagger angle (can preferably avoid stress collection for 30 ° for hole site distribution
In, preferably bear the masticatory force of different directions) and two kinds of lineal layout；It is porous to be intersected in a bit, occur blocking there is some holes
In the case of, cell can enter other hole Inner by joint, increased the probability that bone tissue grows into hole Inner, and bone tissue grows into
It is more, more firmly.
Using rhombus through hole, aperture reduces from outside to inside, and large aperture non-circular hole permeability usury enters in cell and will not
Result in blockage, small-bore is conducive to cell to breed growth, can cause that bone tissue grows most deep with most fast speed, it is to avoid occur
Bone free phenomenon at hole depth, so that planting body and alveolar bone strong bonded, to shorten operation healing stage, promote synosteosis, increase
Osseointegration intensity, improves the validity at a specified future date of tooth implant, lifts the success rate of implant operation, improves the implant life-span；Meanwhile,
Pore structure is separately designed with screw thread, and sclerotin situation that can be more flexibly according to patient carries out personalized designs customization, without
Influenceed by screw thread, the elastic modelling quantity of pore structure reduction planting body is allowed to match with the elastic modelling quantity of bone tissue, it is to avoid
" stress-shielding effect ".
Beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in：Effectively improve bond strength, lifting with reference to speed, be easily achieved it is porous
Structure.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structure chart of the through-hole porous tooth implant of multisection type.
Fig. 2 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view for wearing gum section.
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of the through-hole porous tooth implant of another multisection type.
Fig. 5 is the top view for wearing gum section.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
1~Fig. 5 of reference picture, a kind of through-hole porous tooth implant of multisection type, including gum section and thread segment are worn, it is described to wear gum section
It is smooth solid construction, described to wear the top that gum section is located at thread segment, the tooth implant also includes loose structure section, described many
Pore structure section is located at the bottom of the thread segment, in the loose structure section, from top to bottom successively using the porous of aperture increases
Structure；The loose structure uses cross through hole mode, and the cross through hole in every kind of aperture is radial, each cross through hole along
Circle distribution.
Further, a kind of cross through hole in aperture misplaces with the cross through hole in adjacent upper and lower aperture and arranges.
Or：A kind of cross through hole in aperture is located in same vertical lines with the cross through hole in adjacent upper and lower aperture.
Preferably, the section of the cross through hole is rhombus.It is of course also possible to be other shapes.
Further, the aperture is distributed using gradient from bottom to top, and scope is at 100~500 microns.
Further, in the loose structure, single cross through hole is through the vertical center line of loose structure section, and each is horizontal
Circumferentially it is spacedly distributed to through hole.
The aperture of the cross through hole is big by small continuous change from middle part to outside.
The lower end of the loose structure section is provided with the chamfering for increasing the sharp property of implant.
The upper end for wearing gum section is provided with base station interface, and the base station interface uses class hex nut interface.The class six
The hexagon of angle nut is set up for two grades of anti-rotational arc convex parts
It is described wear gum section in, a diameter of 4mm, length is 0.15L, and L is implant diameter；In the thread segment, from spiral shell
Line external diameter is 4mm, and depth is 0.35mm, and pitch is the screw thread of 0.5mm, and the anglec of rotation is 60 °, and screw thread segment length is 0.4L, is adopted
Counter support screw thread is used, is above 15 °~45 ° with following angle；In the loose structure section, length is 0.45L, a diameter of
3.3mm, 45 ° of implant bottom bevelling, 0.5~1mm of distance.
In the present embodiment, the fatigue safety system of cortex bone and planting body junction and planting body bottom and cancellous bone junction
Number is relatively low.A kind of porous tooth implant of multisection type, is broadly divided into three sections：Wear gum section, thread segment and loose structure section.
Implant system concentrates on planting body top and cortex bone calmodulin binding domain CaM with osseous tissue interface's maximum stress, described to wear
Gum section is implant upper end, and the section belongs to stress concentration part, and being threaded can cause stress concentration with pore structure, therefore select light
Sliding solid section, a diameter of 4mm, length is 0.15L, and L is implant diameter；
The external screw thread that design is connected with alveolar bone in outer surface, screw thread has played very important role, spiral shell in planting body
Line has the effect of good mechanical engagement so that being implanted to the planting body of mandibular has good stationarity, and screw thread can be very
Good passes to snap-in force in bone tissue, reduces stress concentration so that stress distribution is uniform.Planting body can also be increased initially to connect
Contacting surface, improves planting body initial stability.Screw position influences the stress distribution of Implant-bone interface.Thread segment is individually set
Meter is more suitable in implant center section.Less pitch, screw thread is closeer, not only increases the surface area of planting body and mandibular,
Also improve the effect of mechanical self-latching.Therefore, less pitch can more improve planting body mechanical property.Although pitch is smaller to planting
Plant tooth favourable, but, smaller pitch is just more difficult to processing, and the cost of processing will improve the time, it is necessary to process
Can increase.Theoretically smaller pitch is better, it is contemplated that the limitation of physical condition is, it is necessary to select the plantation of suitable pitch
Body.It is here 4mm from major diameter of thread in view of 3D printing process requirements, depth is 0.35mm, and pitch is the screw thread of 0.5mm,
The anglec of rotation is 60 °, and screw thread segment length is 0.4L, is above 15 °~45 ° with following angle using counter support screw thread.
Tail end is arranged to many hole sections, and length is 0.45L, a diameter of 3.3mm, 45 ° of implant bottom bevelling, and distance 0.5~
1mm, increases the sharp property of implant, is easy to implantation.Using through-hole structure, for the blind hole that compares, increase contact area, can be more preferable
Promotion Gegenbaur's cell differentiation and growth.Elastic modelling quantity can be reduced simultaneously so that it is tried one's best and matches with bone tissue, it is to avoid
" stress shielding effect ".Planting body bottom is more concentrated with cancellous bone junction stress simultaneously, can using small-bore near bottom
To avoid stress concentration from destroying as far as possible.Loose structure is through hole, radial, hole circumferentially array, and angle is 60 °, aperture
It is incremented by successively from lower to upper, it is distributed using gradient, comprising being interspersed, stagger angle (can be more preferable for 30 ° for hole site distribution
Stress concentration is avoided, the masticatory force of different directions is preferably born) and two kinds of lineal layout；It is porous to be intersected in a bit, at some
In the case that blocking occurs in hole, cell can enter other hole Inner by joint, increased the probability that bone tissue grows into hole Inner,
Bone tissue grow into it is more, more firmly.
Aperture is distributed using gradient from bottom to top, and scope is at 100~500 microns.Bottom uses small-bore, up aperture according to
Secondary increase, spacing 1mm.Large aperture Premeabilisation of cells rate is high, and small-bore is conducive to cell growth.Aperture is reduced to 100 from outward by interior
Micron, big small-bore is combined, and larger non-circular hole is placed to avoid blocking in outside, inside place aperture be conducive to it is initial thin
Born of the same parents adhere to and Proliferation, Differentiation, can cause that more bone tissues deeper enter pore structure, and implant is combined with bone photo faster, and
More firmly, the life-span is longer.Single hole sectional area uses rhombus in loose structure.Compared to more square and circle, diamond hole is more
Be conducive to cell growth.Bottom individually uses loose structure, can be according to patient's sclerotin situation individual character manufacturing.By changing hole
Footpath, porosity etc. realize the controllable of structural behaviour parameter, the influence without considering screw thread.
Base station interface uses class hex nut interface.Hex nut can prevent the base station being connected with implant from revolving with anti-rotation
Turning loosening causes destruction.Meanwhile, hexagon sets up arc convex part, there is two grades of anti-rotational effects.Implant neck stress collection
In, this design can be with, anti-rotational while playing the protective effect playing and reduce concentrated stress.Bottom circle can be in positioning
While, there can be the base station of more height to select.The diagonal line length of hex nut is 3.1mm, and depth is 1.2mm；Bottom
Circular diameter is 2.7mm, and depth is 0.2mm；Bossing is the circle of a diameter of 0.6mm at the 1.5mm of the center of circle, and depth is
1.4mm.Implant internal thread counterbore, 1.2~2mm of diameter, depth 4mm, pitch 0.5mm, 120 ° of tip angle.
A kind of manufacture method of the porous tooth implant of multisection type, the manufacture method comprises the following steps：
Step 1, the design of threedimensional model and foundation
1.1) planting body initial model is set up in three-dimensional software, and is divided into three parts；
1.2) design of screw thread is carried out to interlude in three-dimensional software, the screw thread plantation based on certain parameter is designed
Body；Less pitch, screw thread is closeer, not only increases the surface area of planting body and mandibular, also improves the work of mechanical self-latching
With.Therefore, less pitch can more improve planting body mechanical property.But, smaller pitch is just more difficult to processing, the cost of processing
Will improve, it is necessary to the time processed can also increase.Theoretically smaller pitch is better, it is contemplated that the limit of physical condition
System is, it is necessary to select the planting body of suitable pitch.Here selection pitch is 0.5mm, and the depth of thread is 0.35mm, and the anglec of rotation is
60 ° of screw thread.
1.3) foundation of porous mould, cross sectional shape mainly from hole, aperture, hole are carried out to tail end in three-dimensional software
The regularity of distribution in rate and hole goes to consider
The planting body that will be designed exports the file of iges forms.
Step 2, simulation analysis
Using finite-element preprocessing software, such as Hypermesh softwares of Altair companies, by the skin of implant initial configuration
Matter bone model, spongiosa bone model and fixed cell import Hypermesh with IGES forms, after completing mesh generation to it, set
Corresponding bone material attribute (including Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio) and boundary condition, set analysis step, apply corresponding mechanics and add
Carry, complete the foundation of FEM model.
Step 3,3D printing
Selective laser melting (Selective Laser Melting, SLM) technology is that occur the mid-90 in 20th century
A kind of new rapid shaping (Rapid Prototyping, RP) technology.It has that moulding process is simple, stock utilization
The advantages of high, wide applicability and shaping efficiency high, thus it is of great interest.Its energy straight forming goes out close to densification completely
The metal parts of degree.Controllable loose structure cannot be realized by machining.3D printing technique can solve this problem just.
The use of average grain diameter it is 70 microns by the SLM technical matters direct forming medical products of Ti6Al4V alloys
Ti6Al4V alloy powders, laser power threshold is 126W, and laser scanning speed is 300mm/s, retouches spacing for 0.06mm, powder
Thickness degree is processed step 1 for 0.035mm) design planting body print, and remove planting body pore interior residual
Powder；
The process of 3D printing is as follows：
Hierarchy slicing information according to profiled member three-dimensional CAD model, scanning system control laser beam acts on region for forming
Powder in domain；
After one layer scanned, the piston in piston cylinder can decline a distance for thickness；Then powder feed system conveys powder
End, the powder that the roller of powdering system sprawls a thickness is deposited on molded layer；
Then, above-mentioned 2 forming processes are repeated, until the slicing layer of all three-dimensional CAD models is all scanned, this
Sample, three-dimensional CAD model is by successively accumulation mode straight forming.
Step 4, post processing
After the completion of porous tooth implant sintering, room will be slowly cooled in planting body placement powder heap in a vacuum chamber
Temperature, the sticky extra powder on tooth implant of removal.
Further, removal planting body pore interior residual powder is shaken with the EtOH Sonicate that mass fraction is 70%.
Using stress relief annealing technique eliminate product in residual stress, make product in the horizontal direction with vertical mode on
Tensile strength all increase
Step 5, in vitro culture and implantation
After personalized implant is added into nutritional ingredient, growth factor and osteocyte, cultivated in nutrient solution, make it biological
Activation.
Claims (10)
1. the through-hole porous tooth implant of a kind of multisection type, including gum section and thread segment are worn, the gum section of wearing is smooth solid construction,
It is described to wear the top that gum section is located at thread segment, it is characterised in that：The tooth implant also includes loose structure section, the porous knot
Structure section is located at the bottom of the thread segment, in the loose structure section, from top to bottom successively using the loose structure of aperture increases；
The loose structure uses cross through hole mode, and the cross through hole in every kind of aperture is radial, and each cross through hole is circumferentially
Distribution.
2. the through-hole porous tooth implant of multisection type as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：A kind of cross through hole in aperture with
The cross through hole dislocation arrangement in adjacent upper and lower aperture.
3. the through-hole porous tooth implant of multisection type as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：A kind of cross through hole in aperture with
The cross through hole in adjacent upper and lower aperture is located in same vertical lines.
4. the through-hole porous tooth implant of multisection type as described in one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that：The cross through hole
Section be rhombus.
5. the through-hole porous tooth implant of multisection type as described in one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that：The aperture is under
And upper use gradient distribution, scope is at 100~500 microns.
6. the through-hole porous tooth implant of multisection type as described in one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that：The loose structure
In, single cross through hole passes through the vertical center line of loose structure section, each cross through hole to be circumferentially spacedly distributed.
7. the through-hole porous tooth implant of multisection type as described in one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that：The cross through hole
Aperture continuous become big by small from middle part to outside.
8. the through-hole porous tooth implant of multisection type as described in one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that：The loose structure
The lower end of section is provided with the chamfering for increasing the sharp property of implant.
9. the through-hole porous tooth implant of multisection type as described in one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that：It is described wear gum section
Upper end is provided with base station interface, and the base station interface uses class hex nut interface, the hexagon of the class hex nut to set up use
In two grades of anti-rotational arc convex parts.
10. the through-hole porous tooth implant of multisection type as described in one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that：It is described to wear gum section
In, a diameter of 4mm, length is 0.15L, and L is implant diameter；It is 4mm from major diameter of thread in the thread segment, depth is
0.35mm, pitch for 0.5mm screw thread, the anglec of rotation be 60 °, screw thread segment length be 0.4L, using counter support screw thread, above with
Angle is 15 °~45 ° below；In the loose structure section, length is 0.45L, a diameter of 3.3mm, implant bottom bevelling
45 °, 0.5~1mm of distance.
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| CN201710144217.3A CN106859792B (en) | 2017-03-10 | 2017-03-10 | Multi-section type through hole porous dental implant |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108236509A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-07-03 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of gradient porous personalized tooth-implanting of NiTi memorial alloys and manufacturing method |
| US10575886B2 (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2020-03-03 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Bone screw and method of manufacture |
| US10993753B2 (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2021-05-04 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Bone screw and method of manufacture |
| US11191582B2 (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2021-12-07 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Bone screw and method of manufacture |
| US11224470B2 (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2022-01-18 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Bone screw and method of manufacture |
| CN113967091A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-25 | 武汉理工大学 | 3D printing dental root implant and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108236509B (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2023-05-23 | 华南理工大学 | NiTi memory alloy gradient porous personalized implant and manufacturing method thereof |
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| US10993753B2 (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2021-05-04 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Bone screw and method of manufacture |
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| US11224470B2 (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2022-01-18 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Bone screw and method of manufacture |
| US11589907B2 (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2023-02-28 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Bone screw and method of manufacture |
| US11857233B2 (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2024-01-02 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Bone screw and method of manufacture |
| CN113967091A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-25 | 武汉理工大学 | 3D printing dental root implant and preparation method thereof |
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