CN106848281B - A kind of negative electrode material of zinc-nickel cell and preparation method thereof and purposes - Google Patents

A kind of negative electrode material of zinc-nickel cell and preparation method thereof and purposes Download PDF

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CN106848281B
CN106848281B CN201710043927.7A CN201710043927A CN106848281B CN 106848281 B CN106848281 B CN 106848281B CN 201710043927 A CN201710043927 A CN 201710043927A CN 106848281 B CN106848281 B CN 106848281B
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zinc
negative electrode
nickel
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carbonate
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CN106848281A (en
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关明云
汪冬明
黄茂战
王佳琪
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Jiangsu University of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G9/00Compounds of zinc
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/24Alkaline accumulators
    • H01M10/30Nickel accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0471Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/24Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
    • H01M4/26Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/28Precipitating active material on the carrier
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621Binders
    • H01M4/622Binders being polymers
    • H01M4/623Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention belongs to battery material technical fields, disclose negative electrode material of a kind of zinc-nickel cell and preparation method thereof and purposes.Active material is basic zinc carbonate in the negative electrode material of zinc-nickel cell of the present invention, and the basic zinc carbonate, which is reacted by urea or ammonium hydrogen carbonate with zinc salt, to be made;The invention also discloses the painting paste formulations of basic zinc carbonate in the negative electrode material of zinc-nickel cell, conductive agent, additive and binder.The test result for the Soft Roll NiZn battery that the present invention is constructed using basic zinc carbonate as negative electrode active material shows: the material is as cell negative electrode material in use, improving the whole chemical property of the electrode comprising the material and battery.Soft-package battery obtained has good coulombic efficiency and cycle life, and the energy density of battery is 130Whkg‑1When, cyclical stability is not less than 1200 times.

Description

A kind of negative electrode material of zinc-nickel cell and preparation method thereof and purposes
Technical field
The invention belongs to battery material technical fields, and in particular to a kind of negative electrode material of zinc-nickel cell and preparation method thereof With purposes.
Background technique
Zinc-nickel secondary batteries have high-energy density, high power density, high working voltage, wide operating temperature, memoryless effect The features such as answering is a kind of environmentally protective high-performance secondary cell.But cathode generates deformation and zinc in charge and discharge process The problems such as dendritic growth, shortens battery, constrains the development of zinc-nickel secondary batteries.
Traditional Zinc-nickel battery negative usually uses ZnO as active material, and ZnO, additive, conductive agent and binder are modulated At slurry, it is compressed on foam copper or copper grid and electrode is prepared.The electrolyte of zinc-nickel cell is the dense highly basic containing saturation ZnO Solution.When carrying out charge and discharge, electrochemical reaction is reacted in alkaline solution by ion, and reaction speed is mainly by liquid The control of phase diffusing step.Since macroscopic property is unstable, charging product zincate and discharging product ZnO can be molten in lye Solution, thus the problems such as causing electrode deformation, dendritic growth and self-corrosion and passivation, so that zinc electrode penalty.
Patent CN104993106 A discloses a kind of preparation method and application of Zinc-base compounded material basic zinc carbonate, It prepares material and is obtained using zinc acetate, sodium fluoride and hexamethylenetetramine by hydro-thermal reaction, it is believed that in terms of lithium ion battery There is a potential application, but the charging and discharging curve figure of its battery provided shows its discharge platform in 0.6V, and lithium ion battery is put Level platform is in 3.2~3.7V, and basic zinc carbonate is without the layer structure of similar graphite, can not carry out lithium ion insertion and Deintercalation, therefore basic zinc carbonate is not suitable for the negative electrode material as lithium ion battery.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of using basic zinc carbonate substitution zinc oxide as the material for preparing Zinc-nickel battery negative, The electrical property for improving zinc-nickel cell improves its cyclical stability while keeping high-energy density and power density.The present invention The electrical property of zinc-nickel cell can be greatly improved using basic zinc carbonate as active material, while the present invention provides prepare alkali formula carbon The method of sour zinc active material and the formula that electrode is prepared using basic zinc carbonate.The present invention uses urea or ammonium hydrogen carbonate and zinc Reactant salt generates basic zinc carbonate, is modulated into homogeneous slurry in certain proportion with carbon material, calcium hydroxide, bismuth oxide and PTFE Dry, suppress on the net coated on brass screen or three-dimensional tin-coated copper, cutting cathode is made, it is electric with nickel anode to be assembled into Soft Roll with it Pond has good electric property.
According to the first aspect of the invention, the present invention provides a kind of negative electrode material of zinc-nickel cell, the zinc-nickel electricity Active material is basic zinc carbonate in the negative electrode material in pond, and the basic zinc carbonate is reacted by urea or ammonium hydrogen carbonate with zinc salt It is made;The negative electrode material of the zinc-nickel cell is made of basic zinc carbonate, carbon material, calcium hydroxide, bismuth oxide and PTFE;By zinc The negative electrode material of nickel-based battery is modulated into homogeneous slurry, mixes, is tuned into paste, by it coated on brass screen or three-dimensional tin-coated copper Net, drying, tabletting, cutting obtain Zinc-nickel battery negative;The carbon material is carbon nanotube, carbon fiber or graphene etc..
The negative electrode material of zinc-nickel cell of the present invention, further technical solution can be, the zinc-nickel cell Negative electrode material by weight percentage, basic zinc carbonate: carbon material: calcium hydroxide: bismuth oxide: PTFE=82:10:1:3:4, institute Stating PTFE can be selected from the suspension use that PTFE emulsion (suspension of the water of 60%wt) in the market is diluted to the water of 0.1wt%.
Basic zinc carbonate of the present invention, which is reacted by urea with zinc salt, to be made, specifically includes the following steps:
1) compound concentration is the zinc solution of 0.3~1.0mol/L;
2) compound concentration is the urea liquid of 3.0~15mol/L;
3) zinc solution and urea liquid are stirred the reaction vessel for being placed in sealing in proportion, by the reaction vessel of sealing Reaction, magnetic agitation at a set temperature;It filters after reaction, be washed with deionized to neutral, drying and obtain alkali formula carbon Sour zinc.
Basic zinc carbonate of the present invention, which is reacted by urea with zinc salt, to be made, specifically, above-mentioned steps 1) in zinc salt It can be ZnCl2、Zn(NO3)2、ZnSO4Deng.
Basic zinc carbonate of the present invention, which is reacted by urea with zinc salt, to be made, specifically, above-mentioned steps 3) in zinc salt with Urea mol ratio can be 1:3~4, and when the molar ratio of zinc salt and urea is lower than 1:3, zinc salt cannot precipitate completely, when higher than 1:4 When, the electrical property for the zinc-nickel cell being assembled into is not further added by.
Basic zinc carbonate of the present invention, which is reacted by urea with zinc salt, to be made, specifically, above-mentioned steps 3) in reaction temperature Degree is 90 DEG C, reaction time 12h.
Basic zinc carbonate of the present invention, which is reacted by ammonium hydrogen carbonate with zinc salt, to be made, specifically includes the following steps:
1) compound concentration is the zinc solution of 0.3~1.0mol/L;
2) compound concentration is the ammonium bicarbonate soln of 1.5~3.0mol/L;
3) prepared ammonium bicarbonate soln is slowly added dropwise and is reacted into zinc solution, stirred;Filter after reaction, It is washed with deionized to neutral, drying and obtains basic zinc carbonate.
Basic zinc carbonate of the present invention, which is reacted by ammonium hydrogen carbonate with zinc salt, to be made, specifically, above-mentioned steps 1) in Zinc salt can be ZnCl2、Zn(NO3)2、ZnSO4Deng.
Basic zinc carbonate of the present invention, which is reacted by ammonium hydrogen carbonate with zinc salt, to be made, specifically, above-mentioned steps 3) in zinc Salt and ammonium hydrogen carbonate molar ratio are between 1: 2.2~2.5.
Basic zinc carbonate of the present invention, which is reacted by ammonium hydrogen carbonate with zinc salt, to be made, specifically, above-mentioned steps 3) in it is anti- The reaction was continued 2h after answering temperature is 60 DEG C, ammonium bicarbonate soln is slowly added dropwise.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of negative electrode materials of zinc-nickel cell to be used to prepare The method of battery cathode, comprising the following steps: by the negative electrode material hybrid modulation of zinc-nickel cell at homogeneous slurry, mix, be tuned into Paste, by it coated on brass screen or three-dimensional tin plating copper mesh, drying, tabletting, cutting obtain Zinc-nickel battery negative.Using above-mentioned Zinc-nickel battery negative and the assembling preparation of Ni anode Soft Roll zinc-nickel cell, the energy density of the battery prepared is 130Wh kg-1When, cyclical stability is not less than 1200 times.
The present invention prepares cathode as active material instead of ZnO using basic zinc carbonate and anode is assembled into Soft Roll NiZn electricity Pond shows excellent chemical property, this is to report for the first time.In addition, being avoided using basic zinc carbonate as active material The step for generating ZnO is calcined, cost is saved.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) reaction condition of the invention is mild, and raw material sources used are extensive, low in cost, and stable process conditions can It leans on, entire process flow is simple and easy, is suitable for industrialized production;
(2) present invention use basic zinc carbonate instead of conventional oxidation zinc as the active material for preparing Zinc-nickel battery negative, Negative electrode tab is prepared into itself and carbon material, additive, binder, collector and nickel anode is assembled into soft-package battery, is had higher Energy density and power density, while when energy density in 130Whkg-1, cyclical stability be not less than 1200 times, achieve Unexpected technical effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the basic zinc carbonate of urea preparation;
Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the basic zinc carbonate of ammonium hydrogen carbonate preparation;
Fig. 3 is the XRD diagram of the basic zinc carbonate of urea preparation;
Fig. 4 is the XRD diagram of the basic zinc carbonate of ammonium hydrogen carbonate preparation;
Fig. 5 is products therefrom of the present invention and anode Ni (OH)2/ carbon composite constitutes charging and discharging curve when NiZn battery Figure;
Fig. 6 is stable circulation figure (charging current 18.5mA, discharge current 20mA);
Fig. 7 is energy density figure of the NiZn battery constructed of negative electrode material produced by the present invention under different discharge currents.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, With reference to embodiment, to this Invention is further described.It should be understood that these descriptions are merely illustrative, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1, urea prepare the method for basic zinc carbonate (zinc salt is by taking zinc chloride as an example)
1g zinc chloride, which is added in 50mL water, obtains liquor zinci chloridi, and (urea quality is respectively for the urea of certain mass 1.33g, 1.55g or 1.77g) it is dissolved in 30mL water and obtains urea liquid, two kinds of solution mixing are transferred in reactor, 90 DEG C reaction 12h, while magnetic agitation.It filters after reaction, be washed with deionized to neutral, 50 DEG C of temperature control drying and can obtain To basic zinc carbonate, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph is as shown in Figure 1, its XRD diagram is as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 2, ammonium hydrogen carbonate prepare the method for basic zinc carbonate (zinc salt is by taking zinc nitrate as an example)
1g zinc nitrate is added in 50mL water and obtains zinc nitrate solution, weighs ammonium hydrogen carbonate (the quality difference of certain mass It is dissolved in 15mL water for 1.08g, 1.15g or 1.23g), ammonium bicarbonate soln is slowly added dropwise to zinc solution while magnetic force Stirring, 60 DEG C of reaction temperature.The reaction was continued after being added dropwise 2h.It filters, be washed with deionized to neutral, control after reaction Basic zinc carbonate can be obtained in warm 50 DEG C of drying, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph is as shown in Fig. 2, its XRD diagram is as shown in Figure 4.
The cathode piece preparation method of embodiment 3, basic zinc carbonate as active material
The present embodiment basic zinc carbonate and carbon material (carbon nanotube, carbon fiber or graphene), calcium hydroxide, bismuth oxide, Binder PTFE is mixed in the ratio of 82:10:1:3:4, is tuned into paste, it is coated on to brass screen or three-dimensional tin plating copper mesh, Drying, tabletting, cutting obtain negative electrode tab;The PTFE aqueous emulsion that the PTFE used is 60% for commercial available quality concentration, then dilutes It is used to 0.1%wt, conversion is pure PTFE when calculating PTFE ratio.
Embodiment 4, Soft Roll NiZn battery assembly
By the zinc load piece of preparation, nickel positive plate (Ni (OH)2/ carbon composite) intermediate folder is across by having modified poly- third Composite diaphragm made of alkene felt and wettable polyolefin pore membrane are bonded, the KOH that implantation quality concentration is 30% are (full to zinc oxide With), mass concentration be 2% LiOH and mass concentration be 6% Sodium Polyacrylate electrolyte, finally sealing Soft Roll zinc is made Nickel-based battery.
Battery performance test:
1. zinc-nickel cell prepared by embodiment 4 is discharged to blanking voltage 0.8V with 18.5mA charging 7min, 20mA, according to Discharge curve and discharge capacity look for its mid-point voltage that discharges.The energy density (see Fig. 5) of battery is calculated, while measuring battery Cyclical stability (see Fig. 6).
2. zinc-nickel cell prepared by embodiment 4 carries out the survey of battery capacity with different charging currents and discharge current Fixed, discharge cut-off voltage 0.8V, test result is shown in Fig. 7, it can be seen that when charge and discharge electric current is 10mAcm-2, 20mA cm-2, 40mAcm-2, 80mAcm-2, the specific capacity of battery is respectively 178mAhg-1, 172mAhg-1, 148mAhg-1, 124mAh·g-1
Can be seen that from the above test result can be had using the electrode that basic zinc carbonate is prepared as main active substances Effect ground improves the energy density and cycle life of battery, this, which should be attributed to work as, uses basic zinc carbonate as active material and carbon Material and calcium hydroxide and bismuth oxide are prepared under the action of binder PTFE can slow down zinc electricity when homogeneous slurry does negative electrode material The problems such as pole deformation, dendritic growth and self-corrosion and passivation.So as to improve the comprehensive performance of battery.
Although embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, it should be understood that, without departing from of the invention In the case where spirit and scope, embodiments of the present invention can be made with various changes, replacement and change.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of negative electrode material of zinc-nickel cell, it is characterised in that: active material is alkali in the negative electrode material of the zinc-nickel cell Formula zinc carbonate, the basic zinc carbonate, which is reacted by urea or ammonium hydrogen carbonate with zinc salt, to be made;
The negative electrode material of the zinc-nickel cell is by the basic zinc carbonate, carbon material, calcium hydroxide, bismuth oxide and polytetrafluoroethyl-ne Alkene composition;The carbon material is carbon nanotube, carbon fiber or graphene.
2. the negative electrode material of zinc-nickel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the negative electrode material of the zinc-nickel cell In by weight percentage, basic zinc carbonate: carbon material: calcium hydroxide: bismuth oxide: polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)=82:10:1:3:4.
3. the negative electrode material of zinc-nickel cell according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the basic zinc carbonate is by urinating Element is reacted with zinc salt to be made, specifically includes the following steps:
1) compound concentration is the zinc solution of 0.3~1.0mol/L;
2) compound concentration is the urea liquid of 3.0~15mol/L;
3) zinc solution and urea liquid are stirred the reaction vessel for being placed in sealing in proportion, and the reaction vessel of sealing is being set Determine reaction, magnetic agitation at temperature;It filters after reaction, be washed with deionized to neutral, drying and obtain basic zinc carbonate.
4. the negative electrode material of zinc-nickel cell according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the zinc salt in step 1) is ZnCl2、 Zn(NO3)2Or ZnSO4;Zinc salt and urea mol ratio are 1:3~4 in step 3).
5. the negative electrode material of zinc-nickel cell according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: reaction temperature is 90 in step 3) DEG C, reaction time 12h.
6. the negative electrode material of zinc-nickel cell according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the basic zinc carbonate is by carbon Sour hydrogen ammonium is reacted with zinc salt to be made, specifically includes the following steps:
1) compound concentration is the zinc solution of 0.3~1.0mol/L;
2) compound concentration is the ammonium bicarbonate soln of 1.5~3.0mol/L;
3) prepared ammonium bicarbonate soln is slowly added dropwise into zinc solution, is stirred;It filters after reaction, use deionization Water washing to neutral, drying obtains basic zinc carbonate.
7. the negative electrode material of zinc-nickel cell according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the zinc salt in step 1) is ZnCl2、 Zn(NO3)2Or ZnSO4;Zinc salt and ammonium hydrogen carbonate molar ratio are 1:2.2~2.5 in step 3).
8. the negative electrode material of zinc-nickel cell according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: reaction temperature is 60 in step 3) DEG C, the reaction was continued after ammonium bicarbonate soln is slowly added dropwise 2h.
9. a kind of preparation method of Zinc-nickel battery negative, comprising the following steps: by the cathode material of zinc-nickel cell described in claim 1 Expect that hybrid modulation at homogeneous slurry, mixes, is tuned into paste, by it coated on brass screen or three-dimensional tin plating copper mesh, drying, pressure Piece, cutting obtain Zinc-nickel battery negative.
10. a kind of purposes of Zinc-nickel battery negative, the Zinc-nickel battery negative is prepared by claim 9 method, it is characterised in that: Zinc-nickel battery negative is used to prepare zinc-nickel soft-package battery with Ni anode.
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