CN106847542B - Preparation method with excellent high rate performance combination electrode material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses the preparation methods with excellent high rate performance combination electrode material, it is sufficiently mixed uniformly with aniline monomer and sulfonated graphene, in-situ polymerization synthesized polyaniline-sulfonated graphene composite material, it is ground again with Kynoar, acetylene black uniformly, use N methyl pyrrolidones for solvent, slurry is coated in dry on collector stainless steel substrates, you can obtain combination electrode material.The advantages that combination electrode material made from technical scheme of the present invention has high rate performance excellent, good cycling stability, specific capacitance is high, is suitable for electrode material for super capacitor.
Description
The present patent application is the division of parent application " with excellent high rate performance combination electrode material and preparation method thereof "
The applying date of application, parent application is on December 2nd, 2013, and application No. is 2013106366271.
Technical field
The invention belongs to energy storage material technical fields, more particularly, it is compound to be related to a kind of polyaniline/sulfonated graphene
The preparation method of electrode material.
Background technology
Electric chemical super capacitor is as a kind of novel energy-storing element, because its specific power is big, storage capacity is strong, charge and discharge are fast
Spending fast, environmentally safe, the advantages that having extended cycle life has received widespread attention.Being commonly used in Polyaniline Doped acid includes
Inorganic molecules Bronsted acid (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, perchloric acid etc.) and molecular mass are larger, larger-size organic functions proton sulfonic acid
(p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid etc.).When larger-size polyaniline is arrived to anion doped
In, its intermolecular interaction can be reduced, as a result polyaniline molecule is conducive to its charge delocalization to stretch chain conformation presence
Change, increase interchain conductivity, polyaniline conductivity is made to increase.And the work of template can be served as when aniline monomer polymerize
With.
Samulski et al. is using sodium borohydride reduction, Diazosalt of sulfanilic acid sulfonation and hydrazine hydrate reduction three-step approach
Dispersibility and the preferable organic functions sulfonic acid of conjugated structure --- sulfonated graphene, the sulfonic group that surface is connected to is prepared
Group is the strong acid group of a strong water-soluble, is conducive to dispersion of the sulfonated graphene in organic solvent or polymer, and compared with
Complete carbon atom conjugated structure also makes it possess preferable electric conductivity.(Yongchao Si,Edward
T.Samulski.Synthesis of Water Soluble Graphene[J].NANO LETTERS,2008,8(6):
1679-1682).Hao et al. has synthesized sulfonated graphene/polyaniline composite electrode material by interfacial polymerization, in 0.1A g-1
Under current density, specific capacitance is 278F g-1.But since interface method would generally use organic solvent, it is unfavorable for accomplishing cleaning life
Production, and in reaction process, aniline monomer and sulfonated graphene are distributed in two-phase, are unfavorable for the abundant doping of aniline monomer.
(Qingli Hao,Hualan Wang,Xujie Yang,Lude Lu,Xin Wang.Morphology-Controlled
Fabrication of Sulfonated Graphene/Polyaniline Nanocomposites by Liquid/
Liquid Interfacial Polymerization and Investigation of their Electrochemical
Properties[J].Nano Res.,2011,4(4):323–333)。
Recently also synthesis sulfonated graphene/polyaniline composite electrode material under inorganic acid system is reported in the presence of pertinent literature
Expect and carry out performance study, (Biao Ma, Xiao Zhou, Hua Bao, Xingwei Li, Gengchao
Wang.Hierarchical composites of sulfonated graphene-supported vertically
aligned polyaniline nanorods for high-performance supercapacitors[J].Journal
of Power Sources,2012,215:36-42).Patent (sulfonated mono-layer graphite and polymer composites and its prepare and
Using CN 101381507A) preparation that describes sulfonated graphene and polyaniline (molecular weight 1000~10000) blend exists
Organic electroluminescence light is shown and the application in the organic electro-optic devices such as organic solar batteries.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide one kind having excellent high rate performance combination electrode material
Material and preparation method thereof, the i.e. preparation method of polyaniline/sulfonated graphene combination electrode material, the preparation method has a simple process,
The advantages that quickly and environmental protection, combination electrode material obtained have high rate performance excellent, good cycling stability, specific capacitance is high,
Suitable for electrode material for super capacitor.
The technical purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical proposals：
With excellent high rate performance combination electrode material and preparation method thereof, i.e. polyaniline/sulfonated graphene combination electrode
Material is sufficiently mixed uniformly with aniline monomer and sulfonated graphene, in-situ polymerization synthesized polyaniline/sulfonated graphene composite wood
Material, is prepared as steps described below：
Step 1, sulfonated graphene is uniformly dispersed in deionized water, specifically, sulfonated graphene is dissolved in centainly
In the deionized water of amount, using ultrasonic cell disruptor (power 200W), 3~5h of ultrasonic disperse makes its point under ice bath environment
It dissipates uniform；
Step 2, aniline monomer is added in the finely dispersed solution of step 1 polyaniline-sulfonated graphene composite material,
Continue ultrasonic disperse, and constant speed stirs under ice bath, then ammonium sulfate solution is added dropwise thereto, is dripped in 0.5h~1h
Finish, the reaction was continued under ice bath 4~6h is cleaned and dried after polymerization, obtains composite material；
Specifically, the aniline monomer of certain mass is added in above-mentioned solution, is further continued for 1~3h of ultrasound later, so
Constant speed stirs 12h under ice bath afterwards.Ammonium persulfate aqueous solution is added dropwise dropwise, is added dropwise in 0.5h~1h, then proceedes to anti-
Answer 4~6h.After polymerization, with deionized water and ethyl alcohol repeatedly washed product until filtrate color is colourless remaining to remove
Monomer and initiator etc..Obtained product is finally dried in vacuo to 20 at 60 DEG C~for 24 hours, obtain polyaniline/sulfonated graphene
The molar ratio of composite material, wherein aniline monomer and ammonium persulfate remains 1：1, the matter of the sulfonated graphene and aniline monomer
Measure ratio ranging from (1：100)—(1：1), preferably (1：50)—(1：10).
Step 3, prepare combination electrode, Kynoar is dissolved in N-Methyl pyrrolidone be made into concentration 50~
The solution of 100mg/ml, according to quality than polyaniline-sulfonated graphene composite material：Acetylene black：Kynoar=80：
(10—15)：The ratio of (10-5) measures respective substance respectively, is ground in agate mortar uniformly, and slurry is coated in afflux
It is dried to get to polyaniline-sulfonated graphene combination electrode material on body stainless steel substrates；
Specifically, Kynoar is dissolved in and is made into the molten of 50~100mg/ml of concentration in N-Methyl pyrrolidone
Liquid, according to quality than polyaniline-sulfonated graphene composite material：Acetylene black：Kynoar=80：(10—15)：(10—
5) ratio measures respective substance respectively, is ground in agate mortar uniformly, slurry is coated on collector stainless steel substrates and is done
It is dry, then in vacuum drying oven dry 20 at 60 DEG C~for 24 hours, obtain polyaniline-sulfonated graphene combination electrode material.
Morphology analysis (TEM instrument models Philips, Tecnai G2F20) is carried out using transmission electron microscope, in no sulfonation stone
When black alkene doping, polyaniline has no special appearance (Fig. 1).After sulfonated graphene is added, aniline monomer is adulterated by sulfonic acid group,
After initiator is added, polyaniline is intended to be grown on sulfonated graphene surface, forms fibrous polyaniline (such as Fig. 2 institutes
Show).
Instrument used in electro-chemical test is electrochemical workstation (Shanghai Chen Hua Instrument Ltd., CHI660D), will
The electrode material of preparation is coated on stainless steel working electrode, and quality prepared by the present invention is 4mg or so, and test uses three electrodes
Work system, wherein using the electrode of preparation as working electrode；Ag/AgCl electrodes and platinized platinum are respectively as reference electrode and auxiliary electricity
Pole.Electrolyte used in electro-chemical test is 1mol L-1The aqueous solution of sulfuric acid.Wherein the voltage range of cyclic voltammetric be-
200~800mV, sweep speed are 5mV s-1；In addition specific capacitance with sulfonated graphene and aniline monomer mass ratio variation tendency
It is by 5mV s-1Under cyclic voltammetric calculate gained.The voltage range of constant current charge-discharge is -200~800mV, is being weighed again
When rate performance, current density is respectively 0.1,0.2,0.5,1,3,5,10A g-1, it is in 1A g when assessing stability-1Lower cycle
Tested for 1000 times, often recycle 100 times and a point is taken to calculate specific capacitance, with it is initial start the cycle over before specific capacitance ratio i.e.
For capacity retention.
Polyaniline and sulfonated graphene/polyaniline composite material are in different current densities (0.1A g-1~10A g-1) under
Specific capacitance is as shown in Figure 3.It can be seen from the figure that under identical current density, sulfonated graphene/polyaniline composite material
Specific capacitance is all remarkably higher than polyaniline.When current density is from 0.1Ag-1Increase to 10Ag-1, sulfonated graphene/polyaniline composite wood
The specific capacitance of material maintains 74%, and polyaniline only has 26% capacity retention.Thus, sulfonated graphene/polyaniline
The high rate performance of composite material is preferable, this is because sulfonated graphene has the result of satisfactory electrical conductivity.In addition, in current density
For 10A g-1When, the specific capacitance 500F g of composite material-1, it is close octuple to be that polyaniline is higher by, and this demonstrate sulfonated graphenes/poly-
Aniline composite material is expected to be practical in terms of electrode material for super capacitor.Polyaniline after the doping of sulfonated graphene and
The results are shown in Figure 4 for the cyclical stability of pure polyaniline, can be obtained from figure, after 1000 charge and discharge cycles, sulfonation
The specific capacitance of grapheme/polyaniline composite material only has lost 2.8%, shows preferable cyclical stability, and pure polyaniline
After identical test condition, the 67.5% of initial capacity is only maintained.The cyclical stability significantly improved in contrast is
Due to the synergistic effect between the importing and two kinds of components of sulfonated graphene macromolecular acid.From appearance structure it can be seen from the figure that, sulphur
Layer structure is formd after graphite alkene and polyaniline are compound, can effectively undertake and to occur in polyaniline oxidation-reduction process
Mechanically deform prevents the structure of electrode material to destroy, so as to cause significantly improving for stability.From fig. 5, it can be seen that through
After sulfonated graphene doping, the purer polyaniline of response current of composite material is greatly improved, i.e., specific capacitance improves.Analysis chart
6 can obtain, after the sulfonated graphene doped polyaniline of different content, the purer polyaniline of specific capacitance is all obviously improved.
The present invention does not need organic because using in-situ polymerization to prepare polyaniline/sulfonated graphene combination electrode material
Solvent, high temperature high vacuum condition and special reaction kit, other preparation sides with polyaniline/graphene combination electrode material
Method compares that preparation process is simple, and manufacturing cost is cheap.Without other acid doping polyphenyl other than sulfonated graphene in reaction process
Amine, this macromolecular acid to anion doped in polyaniline, its intermolecular interaction can be reduced, be as a result conducive to
Its charge is delocalized, increases interchain conductivity, and polyaniline conductivity is made to increase.And it can be when aniline monomer polymerize
Serve as the effect of template.When small molecule acid, which exists, to be doped, anion small in oxidation-reduction process is carried out in charge and discharge
It is easy to migrate, so as to cause the destruction of active material configuration, causes the reduction of high rate performance and cycle performance, be not involved with small
The doping of molecule acid, therefore the forthright again and stability that composite material is prepared is greatly improved.
Description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is the transmission electron microscope picture of polyaniline made from comparative example of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope picture of polyaniline/sulfonated graphene produced by the present invention.
Fig. 3 is polyaniline made from polyaniline produced by the present invention/sulfonated graphene combination electrode material and comparative example
High rate performance curve, orbicular spot are polyaniline/sulfonated graphene combination electrode material, and side's point is polyphenyl made from comparative example
Amine.
Fig. 4 is polyaniline made from polyaniline produced by the present invention/sulfonated graphene combination electrode material and comparative example
Cyclical stability curve graph, orbicular spot are polyaniline/sulfonated graphene combination electrode material, and side's point is to gather made from comparative example
Aniline.
Fig. 5 is polyaniline made from polyaniline produced by the present invention/sulfonated graphene combination electrode material and comparative example
Cyclic voltammetry curve figure, wherein dotted line are polyaniline/sulfonated graphene combination electrode material, and solid line is polyphenyl made from comparative example
Amine.
Fig. 6 is the specific capacitance trend chart of polyaniline/sulfonated graphene combination electrode material prepared by the present invention, wherein
Abscissa is the mass ratio of sulfonated graphene and aniline monomer in combination electrode material.
Specific implementation mode
The technical solution further illustrated the present invention with reference to specific embodiment, wherein Kynoar are selected common
The PVDF (French Arkema) of 761 trades mark.
Embodiment 1
The sulfonated graphene of 27.9mg is dissolved in the deionized water of 10mL, is existed using ultrasonic cell disruptor (200W)
Ultrasonic disperse 3h makes it be uniformly dispersed under ice bath environment；Then the aniline monomer of 279mg is added in above-mentioned solution, Zhi Houzai
Continue ultrasound 1h, then constant speed stirs 12h under ice bath.Ammonium persulfate aqueous solution is added dropwise dropwise, is added dropwise in 0.5h, then
The reaction was continued 4h.After polymerization, with deionized water and ethyl alcohol repeatedly washed product until filtrate color is colourless residual to remove
Monomer and initiator for staying etc..Obtained product is dried in vacuo for 24 hours at 60 DEG C finally, obtains polyaniline/sulfonated graphene
Composite material.The molar ratio of wherein aniline monomer and ammonium persulfate remains 1:1；Kynoar is dissolved in N- methylpyrroles
The solution of concentration 50mg/ml is made into alkanone.Compare active material according to quality:Acetylene black:Kynoar=80:10:10
Ratio measures respective substance respectively, is ground in agate mortar uniformly, slurry is coated on collector stainless steel substrates, is then existed
Drying for 24 hours, weighs each quality and calculates the quality of synthetic active substance at 60 DEG C in vacuum drying oven.Obtain polyaniline/sulphur
Graphite alkene combination electrode material.
Embodiment 2
The sulfonated graphene of 9.3mg is dissolved in the deionized water of 10mL, is existed using ultrasonic cell disruptor (200W)
Ultrasonic disperse 3h makes it be uniformly dispersed under ice bath environment；Then the aniline monomer of 279mg is added in above-mentioned solution, Zhi Houzai
Continue ultrasound 1h, then constant speed stirs 12h under ice bath.Ammonium persulfate aqueous solution is added dropwise dropwise, is added dropwise in 0.5h, then
The reaction was continued 4h.After polymerization, with deionized water and ethyl alcohol repeatedly washed product until filtrate color is colourless residual to remove
Monomer and initiator for staying etc..Obtained product is dried in vacuo for 24 hours at 60 DEG C finally, obtains polyaniline/sulfonated graphene
Composite material.The molar ratio of wherein aniline monomer and ammonium persulfate remains 1:1；Kynoar is dissolved in N- methylpyrroles
The solution of concentration 50mg/ml is made into alkanone.Compare active material according to quality:Acetylene black:Kynoar=80:10:10
Ratio measures respective substance respectively, is ground in agate mortar uniformly, slurry is coated on collector stainless steel substrates, is then existed
Drying for 24 hours, weighs each quality and calculates the quality of synthetic active substance at 60 DEG C in vacuum drying oven.Obtain polyaniline/sulphur
Graphite alkene combination electrode material.
Comparative example 1
The aniline monomer of 279mg is dissolved in 10mL deionized waters, using ultrasonic cell disruptor (200W) in ice
Ultrasonic disperse 1h makes it be uniformly dispersed under bath environment, and then constant speed stirs 12h under ice bath.It is water-soluble that ammonium persulfate is added dropwise dropwise
Liquid is added dropwise in 0.5h, then proceedes to reaction 4h.After polymerization, with deionized water and ethyl alcohol repeatedly washed product until
Filtrate color is colourless to remove remaining monomer and initiator etc..Finally obtained product is dried in vacuo for 24 hours at 60 DEG C,
Obtain polyaniline material.The molar ratio of wherein aniline monomer and ammonium persulfate remains 1:1；Kynoar is dissolved in N- first
The solution of concentration 50mg/ml is made into base pyrrolidones.Compare active material according to quality:Acetylene black:Kynoar=80:
10:10 ratio measures respective substance respectively, is ground in agate mortar uniformly, and slurry is coated in collector stainless steel substrates
On, then drying for 24 hours, weighs each quality and calculates the quality of synthetic active substance at 60 DEG C in vacuum drying oven.It obtains
Polyaniline electrode material.
Embodiment 3
The sulfonated graphene of 279mg is dissolved in the deionized water of 10mL, is existed using ultrasonic cell disruptor (200W)
Ultrasonic disperse 3h makes it be uniformly dispersed under ice bath environment；Then the aniline monomer of 279mg is added in above-mentioned solution, Zhi Houzai
Continue ultrasound 1h, then constant speed stirs 12h under ice bath.Ammonium persulfate aqueous solution is added dropwise dropwise, is added dropwise in 0.5h, then
The reaction was continued 4h.After polymerization, with deionized water and ethyl alcohol repeatedly washed product until filtrate color is colourless residual to remove
Monomer and initiator for staying etc..Obtained product is dried in vacuo for 24 hours at 60 DEG C finally, obtains polyaniline/sulfonated graphene
Composite material.The molar ratio of wherein aniline monomer and ammonium persulfate remains 1:1；Kynoar is dissolved in N- methylpyrroles
The solution of concentration 50mg/ml is made into alkanone.Compare active material according to quality:Acetylene black:Kynoar=80:10:10
Ratio measures respective substance respectively, is ground in agate mortar uniformly, slurry is coated on collector stainless steel substrates, is then existed
Drying for 24 hours, weighs each quality and calculates the quality of synthetic active substance at 60 DEG C in vacuum drying oven.Obtain polyaniline/sulphur
Graphite alkene combination electrode material.
Embodiment 4
The sulfonated graphene of 5.58mg is dissolved in the deionized water of 10mL, is existed using ultrasonic cell disruptor (200W)
Ultrasonic disperse 5h makes it be uniformly dispersed under ice bath environment；Then the aniline monomer of 279mg is added in above-mentioned solution, Zhi Houzai
Continue ultrasound 1h, then constant speed stirs 12h under ice bath.Ammonium persulfate aqueous solution is added dropwise dropwise, is added dropwise in 1h, then after
Continuous reaction 4h.After polymerization, with deionized water and ethyl alcohol repeatedly washed product until filtrate color is colourless to be remained with remove
Monomer and initiator etc..Obtained product is dried in vacuo for 24 hours at 60 DEG C finally, it is multiple to obtain polyaniline/sulfonated graphene
Condensation material.The molar ratio of wherein aniline monomer and ammonium persulfate remains 1:1；Kynoar is dissolved in N- crassitudes
The solution of concentration 50mg/ml is made into ketone.Compare active material according to quality:Acetylene black:Kynoar=80:15:5 ratio
Respective substance is measured respectively, is ground uniformly, slurry is coated on collector stainless steel substrates, then in vacuum in agate mortar
Drying for 24 hours, weighs each quality and calculates the quality of synthetic active substance at 60 DEG C in baking oven.Obtain polyaniline/sulfonation stone
Black alkene combination electrode material.
Illustrative description has been done to the present invention above, it should explanation, the case where not departing from core of the invention
Under, any simple deformation, modification or other skilled in the art can not spend the equivalent replacement of creative work equal
Fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method with excellent high rate performance combination electrode material, which is characterized in that in-situ polymerization synthesized polyaniline/sulphur
Graphite alkene composite material, is prepared as steps described below：
Step 1, sulfonated graphene is uniformly dispersed in deionized water, sulfonated graphene is dissolved in a certain amount of deionized water
In, using ultrasonic cell disruptor power 200W, 3~5h of ultrasonic disperse makes it be uniformly dispersed under ice bath environment；
Step 2, the finely dispersed solution of step 1 is added in aniline monomer by the preparation of polyaniline-sulfonated graphene composite material
In, continue ultrasonic disperse, and constant speed stirs under ice bath, then ammonium persulfate aqueous solution is added dropwise thereto, is dripped in 0.5h~1h
Complete, the reaction was continued under ice bath 4~6h is added, is cleaned and dried after polymerization, obtains composite material；
Step 3, combination electrode is prepared, Kynoar is dissolved in N-Methyl pyrrolidone and is made into 50~100mg/ml of concentration
Solution, according to quality than polyaniline-sulfonated graphene composite material：Acetylene black：Kynoar=80：(10—15)：
The ratio of (10-5) measures respective substance respectively, and grinding evenly drying is to get to polyaniline-sulfonated graphene combination electrode material
Material.
2. the preparation method according to claim 1 with excellent high rate performance combination electrode material, which is characterized in that institute
State the PVDF that Kynoar selects common 761 trade mark.
3. the preparation method according to claim 1 with excellent high rate performance combination electrode material, which is characterized in that
In the step 2, aniline monomer is added in above-mentioned solution, is further continued for 1~3h of ultrasound later, then constant speed is stirred under ice bath
Mix 12h；Ammonium persulfate aqueous solution is added dropwise dropwise, is added dropwise in 0.5h~1h, then proceedes to 4~6h of reaction；Polymerization terminates
Afterwards, with deionized water and ethyl alcohol repeatedly washed product until filtrate color be it is colourless to remove remaining monomer and initiator；Most
Obtained product is dried in vacuo to 20 at 60 DEG C afterwards~for 24 hours, obtain polyaniline/sulfonated graphene composite material, wherein aniline
The molar ratio of monomer and ammonium persulfate remains 1：1, the mass ratio ranging from (1 of the sulfonated graphene and aniline monomer：
100)—(1：1).
4. the preparation method according to claim 1 with excellent high rate performance combination electrode material, which is characterized in that
In the step 2, the molar ratio of aniline monomer and ammonium persulfate remains 1：1, the matter of the sulfonated graphene and aniline monomer
Measure ratio ranging from (1：50)—(1：10).
5. the preparation method according to claim 1 with excellent high rate performance combination electrode material, which is characterized in that
In the step 3, Kynoar is dissolved in the solution that 50~100mg/ml of concentration is made into N-Methyl pyrrolidone, according to
Quality is than polyaniline-sulfonated graphene composite material：Acetylene black：Kynoar=80：(10—15)：The ratio of (10-5)
Respective substance is measured respectively, is ground in agate mortar uniformly, and slurry is coated in drying on collector stainless steel substrates, is then existed
In vacuum drying oven dry 20 at 60 DEG C~for 24 hours, obtain polyaniline-sulfonated graphene combination electrode material.
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