CN106846402B - The method that scattering center in a kind of pair of multiframe ISAR image is associated - Google Patents
The method that scattering center in a kind of pair of multiframe ISAR image is associated Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the methods that the scattering center in a kind of pair of multiframe ISAR image is associated.This method comprises: determining the two-dimensional position of the scattering center of the first frame image in the ISAR image sequence with N frame ISAR image;For other each frame images, the space pipeline between previous frame image is all established respectively;According to the space pipeline between N frame image, at least one continuous space pipeline is constructed, and determine the number of effective scattering center in each continuous space pipeline;If same continuous space pipeline has more than M effective scattering centers in N frame image, each space pipeline in the continuous space pipeline be it is associated, export the scattering center parameter in associated continuous space pipeline.By using the method that the scattering center provided by the present invention in multiframe ISAR image is associated, the associated accuracy of scattering center can effectively improve.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer image processing technology, in particular to scattering center in a kind of pair of multiframe ISAR image into
The associated method of row.
Background technique
Several existing Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) mainly apply Kalman as scattering center correlating method
(Kalman) filtering and closest criterion are realized, obtain prediction of the scattering center in next width figure by Kalman filter first
Then position is extracted with the closest observation point of predicted position in next width figure as match point.It should carry out in this way
The scattering center of target is associated with, if the leakage of a certain frame estimated certain scattering center or scattering center near predicted position compared with
When being difficult to be associated judgement more, it is possible that associated errors, and influence the association to subsequent figures as scattering center.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides the method that the scattering center in a kind of pair of multiframe ISAR image is associated, thus
The associated accuracy of scattering center can be effectively improved.
Technical solution of the present invention is specifically achieved in that
The method that scattering center in a kind of pair of multiframe ISAR image is associated, this method comprises the following steps:
A, the Two-dimensional Position of the scattering center of the first frame image in the ISAR image sequence with N frame ISAR image is determined
It sets, and sets the initial value of i as 2;Wherein, N is the natural number greater than 1;
B, for the i-th frame image in ISAR image sequence, current time i-th frame is predicted using the state equation of system
The two-dimensional position of the scattering center of image.
C, distinguished with the two-dimensional position of the scattering center in the two-dimensional position and previous frame image of the scattering center of prediction
As the center at space pipeline both ends, and using preset r value as pipe radius, establish between current frame image and previous frame image
Space pipeline;
D, covariance matrix is predicted;
E, according to the two-dimensional position of the end of space pipeline and the scattering center predicted, observation is read;
F, kalman gain matrix is calculated;
G, according to the two-dimensional position of observation and the scattering center of prediction, two to scattering center are obtained by filtering equations
Tie up the estimated value of position;
H, covariance matrix is updated;
I, judge whether the value of current i is equal to N, if so, thening follow the steps J;Otherwise, i=i+1 is returned and is executed
Step B;
J, according to the space pipeline between the N frame image in ISAR image sequence, at least one continuous space pipeline is constructed,
And determine the number of effective scattering center in each continuous space pipeline;Wherein, the continuous space pipeline includes N-1 suitable
The space pipeline of sequence connection;
If K, same continuous space pipeline has more than M effective scattering centers, the continuous space pipe in N frame image
Each space pipeline in road is associated, execution step L;It otherwise, is not associated;If all continuous spaces constructed
Pipeline is not to be associated with, then the value of i is revised as 2, and modifies the value of pipe diameter r and each in Kalman filter equation
A parameter, returns to step B;
L, the scattering center parameter in associated continuous space pipeline is exported.
Preferably, the state equation are as follows:
X (k | k-1)=Φ X (k-1 | k-1)+BU (k)
Wherein, X is the two-dimensional position of the scattering center of prediction, and Φ and B are system parameter, and U (k) is the k moment to system
Control amount, k are current time, and k-1 is last moment.
Preferably, predicting covariance matrix by following formula
P (k | k-1)=Φ P (k-1 | k-1) ΦT+Q
Wherein, P is covariance matrix, and Q is the covariance of systematic procedure.
Preferably, the step E includes:
If in the end of the space pipeline on the image, only one scattering center then reads dissipating in the end
The position coordinates of the heart on the image are hit as observation;
If there are multiple scattering centers in the end of the space pipeline on the image, then each of reads in end and to dissipate
It penetrates center and forms multiple observations;
If in the end of the space pipeline on the image, scattering center is not present, then by the observation of last moment
Observation as current time.
Preferably, calculating kalman gain matrix by following Kalman filter equation:
K=P (k | k-1) HT/(HP(k|k-1)HT+R)
Wherein, K is kalman gain matrix, and R is the covariance of measurement process, and H is measuring system parameter matrix.
Preferably, obtaining the estimated value to the two-dimensional position of scattering center by following formula:
X (k | k)=X (k | k-1)+K (Z (k)-HX (k | k-1))
Wherein, X (k | k) is the estimated value to the two-dimensional position of scattering center.
Preferably, updating covariance matrix by following formula:
P (k | k)=(I-KH) P (k | k-1)
Wherein, P (k | k) is updated covariance matrix, and I is unit matrix.
Preferably, determining effective scattering center in the same continuous space pipeline by the following method:
In the same continuous space pipeline, using the scattering center on the 1st frame image in ISAR image sequence as having
Imitate scattering center;
If the electromagnetism of the scattering center of the i-th frame image in ISAR image sequence dissipates in the same space pipeline
The electromagnetic scattering range coefficient for penetrating range coefficient and effective scattering center in the (i-1)-th frame image meets preset Rule of judgment,
Then the scattering center of the i-th frame image is effective scattering center;Wherein, 1 < i≤N.
Preferably, the Rule of judgment are as follows:
The electromagnetic scattering range coefficient of the scattering center of current frame image and effective scattering center in previous frame image
Absolute difference between electromagnetic scattering range coefficient, less than the electromagnetic scattering amplitude system of effective scattering center in previous frame image
Several A times;Wherein, A is preset threshold value.
Preferably, the value of the threshold value A are as follows: 0.05≤A≤0.15.
As above as it can be seen that in the method being associated to the scattering center in multiframe ISAR image in the present invention, according to
The continuity of target scattering center track in ISAR sequence image, designs pipeline filter device, therefore can use space pipeline
It is scattered center association, the brings associated errors such as individual images weak scattering center omission can be efficiently reduced, with
And scattering center near predicted position is more and is difficult to be associated the associated errors being likely to occur when judgement, so as to
Effectively improve the associated accuracy of scattering center.
In addition, by the association to the scattering center in the continuous ISAR image of multiframe can with further progress scattering center by
The position of 2 d-to-3 d reconstructs, therefore method provided in the present invention can be applied to field of target recognition.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the process of the method being associated to the scattering center in multiframe ISAR image in the embodiment of the present invention is shown
It is intended to.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram one of the pipeline filter device in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram two of the pipeline filter device in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, right hereinafter, referring to the drawings and the embodiments,
The present invention is further described.
Present embodiments provide the method that the scattering center in a kind of pair of multiframe ISAR image is associated.
Fig. 1 is that the process of the method being associated to the scattering center in multiframe ISAR image in the embodiment of the present invention is shown
It is intended to, Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram one of the pipeline filter device in the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, in the embodiment of the present invention to more
The method that scattering center in frame ISAR image is associated mainly includes the steps that as described below:
Step 100, the two of the scattering center of the first frame image in the ISAR image sequence with N frame ISAR image are determined
Position is tieed up, and sets the initial value of i as 2.
Wherein, there is N frame ISAR image, N is the natural number greater than 1 in the ISAR image sequence.
Step 101, for the i-th frame image in ISAR image sequence, current time is predicted using the state equation of system
The two-dimensional position of the scattering center of the i-th frame image.
It in the inventive solutions, can be to each other than first frame image in an ISAR image sequence
Frame image all carries out the operation of step 101~107 one by one.
In addition, preferably, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the state equation are as follows:
X (k | k-1)=Φ X (k-1 | k-1)+BU (k) (1)
Wherein, X is the two-dimensional position of the scattering center of prediction, and Φ and B are system parameter, and U (k) is the k moment to system
Control amount, k are current time (the i-th frame image for corresponding to current time), and k-1 is last moment (to correspond to the (i-1)-th frame
Image).
Step 102, with the Two-dimensional Position of the scattering center in the two-dimensional position and previous frame image of the scattering center of prediction
The center respectively as space pipeline both ends is set, and using preset r value as pipe radius, establishes current frame image and previous frame figure
Space pipeline as between.
In this step, a space pipeline, the space pipeline will be established between current frame image and previous frame image
Both ends be a circle in two field pictures respectively, the center of circle of the circle is scattering center, radius r, therefore, the space established
The pipe radius of pipeline is also r, as shown in Figure 2.
It, can only between two field pictures if all only one scattering center in current frame image and previous frame image
Establish a space pipeline.It, then can be between two field pictures if there is having at least two scattering centers on any one frame image
Establish multiple space pipelines.
Step 103, covariance matrix is predicted.
In addition, preferably, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, can predict covariance by following formula
Matrix:
P (k | k-1)=Φ P (k-1 | k-1) ΦT+Q (2)
Wherein, P is covariance matrix, and Q is the covariance of systematic procedure.
Step 104, according to the two-dimensional position of the end of space pipeline and the scattering center predicted, observation Z is read
(k)。
In the inventive solutions, various ways can be used to realize above-mentioned step 104.
For example, preferably, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step 104 can be with are as follows:
If in the end of the space pipeline on the image, only one scattering center then reads dissipating in the end
The position coordinates of the heart on the image are hit as observation;
If there are multiple scattering centers in the end of the space pipeline on the image, then each of reads in end and to dissipate
It penetrates center and forms multiple observations;Due to an end circle on the image for space pipeline, if had in the circle
The position of all scattering centers in circle then can be all read as observation by multiple scattering centers;
If in the end of the space pipeline on the image, scattering center is not present, then by the observation of last moment
Observation as current time.
Step 105, Kalman (Kalman) gain matrix is calculated.
In addition, preferably, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, can by following Kalman filter equation come
Calculate Kalman gain matrix:
K=P (k | k-1) HT/(HP(k|k-1)HT+R) (3)
Wherein, K is Kalman gain matrix, and R is the covariance of measurement process, and H is measuring system parameter matrix.
Step 106, according to the two-dimensional position X (k | k-1) of observation Z (k) and the scattering center of prediction, pass through filtering equations
Obtain the estimated value to the two-dimensional position of scattering center.
In addition, preferably, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, can be obtained by following formula to scattering
The estimated value of the two-dimensional position at center:
X (k | k)=X (k | k-1)+K (Z (k)-HX (k | k-1)) (4)
Wherein, X (k | k) is the estimated value to the two-dimensional position of scattering center.
Step 107, covariance matrix is updated.
In this step, covariance matrix will be updated, in order to carry out the operation of next step.
In addition, preferably, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, covariance can be updated by following formula
Matrix:
P (k | k)=(I-KH) P (k | k-1) (5)
Wherein, P (k | k) is updated covariance matrix, and I is unit matrix.
Step 108, judge whether the value of current i is equal to N, if so, thening follow the steps 109;Otherwise, i=i+1,
Return to step 101;
In this step, when i is equal to N, expression performs above-mentioned step to (N-1) frame image in ISAR image sequence
Rapid 101~107, therefore complete the estimation of the scattering center to images all in ISAR image sequence, it is possible to continue to hold
Row step 109;Otherwise, then return step 101, continue to execute above-mentioned step 101~107 to next frame image.
Step 109, according to the space pipeline between the N frame image in ISAR image sequence, it is continuous empty to construct at least one
Between pipeline, and determine the number P of effective scattering center in each continuous space pipeline;
Wherein, the continuous space pipeline includes the space pipeline of N-1 sequential connection.
For example, as shown in Figure 3, it is assumed that N 4, o are the scattering center (not shown) on the 1st frame image, and a is the 2nd frame
Scattering center on image, b and d are the scattering center on the 3rd frame image, and c and e are the scattering center on the 4th frame image, and oa is
Space pipeline between 1st frame image and the 2nd frame image, ab and ad are respectively two between the 2nd frame image and the 3rd frame image
Space pipeline, bc and de are respectively the two spaces pipeline between the 3rd frame image and the 4th frame image.
So, each space pipeline according to Fig.3, can construct two continuous space pipelines: oabc and oade.This
Two continuous space pipelines can be referred to as pipeline filter device.
In addition, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, it can be by scattering center intensity phase in the same continuous conduit
Effective scattering center is defined as the scattering center that the scattering center intensity on previous frame image is consecutive variations.
Wherein, in the inventive solutions, the scattering center intensity refers to: the electromagnetic scattering amplitude of scattering center
Coefficient, corresponding to the peak value point value on ISAR image.
Preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, can be determined by method as described below same continuous
Effective scattering center in space pipeline:
In the same continuous space pipeline, by the 1st frame image (namely continuous space pipeline in ISAR image sequence
In the 1st frame image) on scattering center as effective scattering center;
If the electromagnetism of the scattering center of the i-th frame image in ISAR image sequence dissipates in the same space pipeline
The electromagnetic scattering range coefficient for penetrating range coefficient and effective scattering center in the (i-1)-th frame image meets preset Rule of judgment,
Then the scattering center of the i-th frame image is effective scattering center;Wherein, 1 < i≤N.
For example, if in the same continuous space pipeline, the scattering center of the 2nd frame image in ISAR image sequence
Electromagnetic scattering range coefficient and the scattering center of former frame (i.e. the 1st frame) image electromagnetic scattering range coefficient meet it is preset
Rule of judgment, then otherwise it is invalid scattering center that the scattering center of the 2nd frame image, which is effective scattering center,.And so on, it is right
In the 3rd frame to nth frame image, the scattering center of current frame image and former frame figure in the same continuous space pipeline are judged respectively
Whether the electromagnetic scattering range coefficient of effective scattering center as in meets preset Rule of judgment, so that it is determined that in each scattering
Whether the heart is effective scattering center.
In addition, in the inventive solutions, it can preset and above-mentioned sentence according to the needs of practical situations
Broken strip part.
For example, preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the Rule of judgment are as follows:
The electromagnetic scattering range coefficient and former frame (i.e. the (i-1)-th frame) figure of the scattering center of present frame (i.e. the i-th frame) image
Absolute difference between the electromagnetic scattering range coefficient of effective scattering center as in, less than effective scattering in previous frame image
A times of the electromagnetic scattering range coefficient at center;Wherein, A is preset threshold value.
In addition, in the inventive solutions, the threshold value A is usually empirical value.It therefore, can be according to practical application
The needs of situation preset the value of above-mentioned threshold value A.
For example, preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the value of the threshold value A can be with are as follows: 0.05≤A≤
0.15。
After effective scattering center in the same continuous space pipeline on each frame image has been determined by the above method, i.e.,
The number P of effective scattering center in each continuous space pipeline can be calculated.
Step 110, if same continuous space pipeline has more than M effective scattering centers in N frame image, this is continuous
Each space pipeline in space pipeline is associated, execution step 111;It otherwise, is not associated;If what is constructed is all
Continuous space pipeline is not to be associated with, then the value of i is revised as 2, and modifies value and the Kalman filtering side of pipe diameter r
Parameters in journey, return to step 101.
Wherein, M is pre-set threshold value, M < N.It in the inventive solutions, can be according to the need of practical application
It wants, presets the value of M.
Step 111, the scattering center parameter in associated continuous space pipeline is exported.
Preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the scattering center parameter may include: in continuous space pipeline
Each scattering center position and electromagnetic scattering range coefficient.
In the inventive solutions, above-mentioned scattering center parameter can be used for carrying out based on several continuous time sequences
Arrange the scattering center three-dimensionalreconstruction of ISAR picture.
Through the above steps 101~111, the pass of the scattering center of each image in ISAR image sequence can be realized
Connection.
In summary, in the method being associated to the scattering center in multiframe ISAR image in the present invention, due to
The scattering center position of current frame image in ISAR image sequence is by the scattering in last moment (i.e. former frame) image
Heart position is calculated by Kalman filtering, therefore, the track of the scattering center in current frame image and previous frame image
In the track of scattering center position have continuity.According to the continuity of target scattering center track in ISAR sequence image, if
Outlet pipe channel filter is counted, therefore can use space pipeline and be scattered center association, individual figures can be efficiently reduced
Scattering center as brings associated errors such as weak scattering center omissions, and near predicted position is more and is difficult to be closed
The associated errors that connection is likely to occur when judging, so as to effectively improve the associated accuracy of scattering center.
In addition, by the association to the scattering center in the continuous ISAR image of multiframe can with further progress scattering center by
The position of 2 d-to-3 d reconstructs, therefore method provided in the present invention can be applied to field of target recognition.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done be should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method that the scattering center in a kind of pair of multiframe ISAR image is associated, which is characterized in that this method includes as follows
Step:
A, the two-dimensional position of the scattering center of the first frame image in the ISAR image sequence with N frame ISAR image is determined, and
If the initial value of i is 2;Wherein, N is the natural number greater than 1;
B, for the i-th frame image in ISAR image sequence, current time the i-th frame image is predicted using the state equation of system
Scattering center two-dimensional position;
C, using the two-dimensional position of the scattering center in the two-dimensional position and previous frame image of the scattering center of prediction as
The center at space pipeline both ends, and using preset r value as pipe radius, establish the sky between current frame image and previous frame image
Between pipeline;
D, covariance matrix is predicted;
E, according to the two-dimensional position of the end of space pipeline and the scattering center predicted, observation is read;
F, kalman gain matrix is calculated;
G, according to the two-dimensional position of observation and the scattering center of prediction, the Two-dimensional Position to scattering center is obtained by filtering equations
The estimated value set;
H, covariance matrix is updated;
I, judge whether the value of current i is equal to N, if so, thening follow the steps J;Otherwise, i=i+1 is returned to step
B;
J, according to the space pipeline between the N frame image in ISAR image sequence, at least one continuous space pipeline is constructed, and really
The number of effective scattering center in fixed each continuous space pipeline;Wherein, the continuous space pipeline includes that N-1 sequence connects
The space pipeline connect;
If K, same continuous space pipeline has more than M effective scattering centers in N frame image, in the continuous space pipeline
Each space pipeline be it is associated, execute step L;It otherwise, is not associated;If all continuous space pipelines constructed
It is not to be associated with, then the value of i is revised as 2, and modifies the value of pipe diameter r and each ginseng in Kalman filter equation
Number, returns to step B;Wherein, M < N;
L, the scattering center parameter in associated continuous space pipeline is exported.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the state equation are as follows:
X (k | k-1)=Φ X (k-1 | k-1)+BU (k)
Wherein, X is the two-dimensional position of the scattering center of prediction, and Φ and B are system parameter, and U (k) is control of the k moment to system
Amount, k is current time, and k-1 is last moment.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, predicting covariance matrix by following formula
P (k | k-1)=Φ P (k-1 | k-1) ΦT+Q
Wherein, P is covariance matrix, and Q is the covariance of systematic procedure.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the step E includes:
If in the end of the space pipeline on the image, only one scattering center is then read in the scattering in the end
The position coordinates of the heart on the image are as observation;
If there are multiple scattering centers in the end of the space pipeline on the image, then read in each scattering in end
Heart position forms multiple observations;
If in the end of the space pipeline on the image, be not present scattering center, then using the observation of last moment as
The observation at current time.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, calculating Kalman by following Kalman filter equation
Gain matrix:
K=P (k | k-1) HT/(HP(k|k-1)HT+R)
Wherein, K is kalman gain matrix, and R is the covariance of measurement process, and H is measuring system parameter matrix.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, obtaining the two dimension to scattering center by following formula
The estimated value of position:
X (k | k)=X (| kk-1)+K (Z (k)-HX (k | k-1))
Wherein, X (k | k) is the estimated value to the two-dimensional position of scattering center;Z (k) is observation.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, updating covariance matrix by following formula:
P (k | k)=(I-KH) P (k | k-1)
Wherein, P (k | k) is updated covariance matrix, and I is unit matrix.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that being determined in the same continuous space pipeline by the following method
Effective scattering center:
In the same continuous space pipeline, using the scattering center on the 1st frame image in ISAR image sequence as effectively scattered
Hit the heart;
If in the same space pipeline, the electromagnetic scattering width of the scattering center of the i-th frame image in ISAR image sequence
Degree coefficient and the electromagnetic scattering range coefficient of effective scattering center in the (i-1)-th frame image meet preset Rule of judgment, then should
The scattering center of i-th frame image is effective scattering center;Wherein, 1 < i≤N.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the Rule of judgment are as follows:
The electromagnetic scattering range coefficient of the scattering center of current frame image and the electromagnetism of effective scattering center in previous frame image
Absolute difference between scattering amplitude coefficient, less than the electromagnetic scattering range coefficient of effective scattering center in previous frame image
A times;Wherein, A is preset threshold value.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that,
The value of the threshold value A are as follows: 0.05≤A≤0.15.
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基于SAR图像的目标散射中心特征提取方法研究;计科峰 等;《国防科技大学学报》;20031231;第25卷(第1期);第45-50页 |
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