CN106844992B - Multidirectional hammering type progressive forming method and product obtained by same - Google Patents
Multidirectional hammering type progressive forming method and product obtained by same Download PDFInfo
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- CN106844992B CN106844992B CN201710069721.1A CN201710069721A CN106844992B CN 106844992 B CN106844992 B CN 106844992B CN 201710069721 A CN201710069721 A CN 201710069721A CN 106844992 B CN106844992 B CN 106844992B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
Abstract
The invention discloses a multidirectional hammering type incremental forming method and a product obtained by the method. The method can solve the problem of uneven deformation of the plate material in the common incremental forming process, thereby improving the forming performance of the plate material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multidirectional hammering type incremental forming method and a product obtained by the method, and belongs to the technical field of sheet incremental forming processing.
Background
The plate incremental forming technology adopts the idea of 'layered manufacturing' of rapid prototyping manufacturing technology, is driven by a CAD model, can form a product without a die or only a male die, is very suitable for processing single-piece or small-batch thin shell products, and is a beneficial supplement to the traditional stamping forming. Has wide application prospect in the manufacturing industries of aviation, aerospace, household electrical appliances, medical appliances, automobiles and the like.
So-called progressive forming, in which the tool and the sheet are always in contact during the forming process, is also called continuous contact progressive forming. If the tool moves along the processing track and performs hammering action during the forming process, namely the tool is continuously lifted and dropped to periodically contact the sheet, the hammering type incremental forming is called. The relative continuous contact progressive forming is realized, and the hammering progressive forming has small friction and almost zero between the plates along the movement horizontal direction due to the periodic contact with the plates, so that the forming performance of the plates is further improved, the deformation force is reduced, the distortion of the finished piece along the processing direction can not occur, and the finished piece of the mesh plate can be formed.
The prototype of incremental sheet forming is that the craftsman uses a hammering method to deform the sheet to the shape to be formed. When the worker hammers the workpiece, the hammering direction can rotate freely, and the local deformation of the sheet is controlled by continuously adjusting the hammering direction and the hammering force in the hammering forming process, so that the local thickness of the workpiece can be controlled. In contrast, in the conventional hammering type incremental forming, since the hammering angle is fixed to 90 °, the hammering direction is not changed during forming, and the plate thickness cannot be freely adjusted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel multidirectional hammering type progressive forming method, which solves the problem that the hammering direction is difficult to change by driving in a hydraulic or mechanical mode in the conventional hammering type progressive forming method. The hammering direction of the tool can be flexibly controlled by reasonably programming a numerical control program so as to control the local thickness of a workpiece and improve the forming performance of a plate.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method of multidirectional hammer-peening progressive forming comprising the steps of:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of a workpiece by using three-dimensional software;
(2) generating a continuous contact incremental forming processing track of a workpiece by adopting three-dimensional software or a manual programming mode;
(3) outputting the continuous contact progressive forming processing track in the step (2) to meet the discrete points of certain forming precision;
(4) interpolating the processing track points output in the step (3) to obtain new processing track points;
(5) introducing sine fluctuation in the direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction according to the horizontal speed and the processing time of the tool, adjusting the new processing track point obtained in the step (4), controlling the introduced amplitude, and generating a hammering type progressive forming track with a hammering angle of 90 degrees;
(6) the tool track point connecting line of two adjacent wave troughs is taken as a rotating shaft, and the track point between the two wave troughs rotates around the rotating shaft for a specific angle, so that the controllable fluctuation direction is realized;
(7) outputting a multi-directional hammering type gradually formed fluctuating machining track;
(8) and (4) performing multidirectional hammering progressive forming on the workpiece to be processed by the forming tool according to the processing track in the step (7).
Further, the specific process of the step (3) is as follows: and (4) interpolating the processing track points output in the step (3) by a Lagrange linear interpolation method according to the wavelength of the sine wave to be introduced and the number of the track points which are required to be met by each wavelength.
Further, the sinusoidal fluctuation is as shown in formula (1).
In the formula (x)i,yi,zi) Representing the space coordinate of a certain tool processing track point i output in the step 4; (X)i,Yi,Zi) Representing the spatial coordinates of a certain point i on the sinusoidal fluctuation track; a represents the amplitude of the incoming sine wave; λ represents the wavelength of the incoming sine wave; v represents the horizontal feed speed of the forming tool; t is tiIndicating the time required for the tool to pass from the initial position to point i.
Further, the direction of the connecting line of the track points of the tool in the step (6) is approximate to the tangential direction of the horizontal movement of the tool.
Further, the output format of the processing track in the step (7) is a format which can be recognized by a numerical control machine tool or a special incremental forming machine.
Further, the specific process of the step (8) is as follows:
making the workpiece to be processed into a flat structure, and enabling the geometric center of the workpiece to be processed to be superposed with the geometric center of the forming clamp so as to press the periphery of the workpiece to be processed; and (4) carrying out point-by-point progressive forming on the forming tool according to the fluctuation track data generated in the step (7) under the control of a numerical control machine tool or a special progressive forming machine.
An article obtained by any of the described multi-directional hammering progressive forming methods.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the prior art, the hammering direction is difficult to change by adopting a hydraulic or mechanical driving mode, and the redesign of the incremental forming equipment or the addition of a controllable multidirectional hammering device on the prior equipment obviously needs higher cost investment, long period, complex control system and uncertain feasibility.
The invention compiles the processing track of the forming tool into a fluctuating processing track, controls the fluctuating direction, wavelength and amplitude through a numerical control program, and can flexibly realize multidirectional hammering type progressive forming of periodic contact between the tool and a plate. The multidirectional hammering type incremental forming method can overcome the problem that the thickness of the existing incremental forming plate is mainly determined by a forming angle, and can better control the local thickness of a part, so that the forming performance of a plate can be improved.
The multidirectional hammering type incremental forming method can realize the control of hammering direction, frequency and amplitude only by the direction, wavelength and amplitude of a fluctuation track in a numerical control program, so that the design of the existing forming equipment does not need to be changed, an additional device does not need to be added, the cost is low, and the multidirectional hammering type incremental forming method can be used on the existing three-axis numerical control milling machine and a special incremental forming machine.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a generation flow of a multidirectional hammering type progressive forming wave machining trajectory.
Detailed Description
The following examples are specifically described in detail, which are carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and describe detailed implementation manners and specific operation procedures, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
According to the multi-directional hammering type incremental forming method researched by the invention, the tool machining track is programmed into a fluctuation machining track, the direction, wavelength and amplitude of fluctuation are controlled through a numerical control program, and when a forming tool moves according to the programmed machining track, the multi-directional hammering type incremental forming of periodic contact between the tool and a plate can be realized. By adopting the forming method, the change of the hammering direction can be realized only by a common three-axis numerical control machine tool, the hammering forming process of a craftsman is better simulated, and the problem that the thickness of the existing incremental forming plate is mainly determined by a forming angle is solved, so that the forming performance of the plate can be improved, and the forming quality of a product is improved; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of a workpiece by using three-dimensional software;
(2) generating a continuous contact incremental forming processing track of a workpiece by adopting three-dimensional software or a manual programming mode;
(3) outputting the continuous contact progressive forming processing track in the step (2) to meet the discrete points of certain forming precision;
(4) interpolating the processing track points output in the step (3) to obtain new processing track points;
(5) introducing sine fluctuation in the direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction according to the horizontal speed and the processing time of the tool, adjusting the new processing track point obtained in the step (4), controlling the introduced amplitude, and generating a hammering type progressive forming track with a hammering angle of 90 degrees;
(6) the tool track point connecting line of two adjacent wave troughs is taken as a rotating shaft, and the track point between the two wave troughs rotates around the rotating shaft for a specific angle, so that the controllable fluctuation direction is realized;
(7) outputting a multi-directional hammering type gradually formed fluctuating machining track;
(8) and (4) performing multidirectional hammering progressive forming on the workpiece to be processed by the forming tool according to the processing track in the step (7).
The three-dimensional software can be selected from CAD/CAM software, and the UGNX8.0 software is taken as an example to explain the invention in detail:
example 1
The implementation process of the multi-directional hammering type progressive forming is specifically shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional CAD model of the variable-angle conical cup in UGNX8.0 software;
wherein the cone cup generatrix of the three-dimensional CAD model is a circular arc line, the radius is 100m, the opening size of the cone cup is 100mm, and the angle variation range is 20-90 degrees.
(2) The processing module in the UGNX8.0 software generates a continuous contact progressive forming processing trajectory. The precision of the progressive machining locus was set to 0.02mm, and the continuous machining locus was output as discrete points by calculation.
(3) Entering sine waves, setting the wavelength of each sine wave to meet the requirement that the number of track points is 18, interpolating the discrete processing track points output in the step (2) by a Lagrange linear interpolation method to obtain a new space coordinate (x) of a processing track point ii,yi,zi) (ii) a The wavelength can be controlled.
(4) A hammering type progressive forming locus with a hammering angle of 90 ° is generated according to equation (1). Selecting a sine wave with the wavelength lambda of 0.6mm, the amplitude A of 0.8mm and the horizontal feeding speed v of the tool of 300 mm/min; obtaining the spatial coordinate of a certain point i on the hammering type progressive forming track with the hammering angle of 90 degrees as
Xi＝xi
Yi＝yi
In the formula (x)i,yi,zi) Representing the space coordinate of a certain tool processing track point i output in the step 4; (X)i,Yi,Zi) Representing the spatial coordinates of a certain point i on the sinusoidal fluctuation track; 0.8 represents the amplitude of the incoming sine wave; t is tiIndicating the time required for the tool to pass from the initial position to point i.
(5) And (3) taking a connecting line of the tool track points of two adjacent wave troughs (approximate to the tangential direction of the horizontal motion of the tool) as a rotating shaft, and rotating the track point between the two wave troughs by a specific angle around the rotating shaft to generate a new tool path track.
In the area of 20-40 degrees of the opening of the processing variable-angle cone cup, the hammering angle of the tool is selected to be 90 degrees which is normally set, and the fluctuation direction of the tool is not changed; in the area of 40-65 degrees in the middle of the processing variable-angle cone cup, the track point rotates 20 degrees around the rotating shaft; in the area of 65-90 degrees at the bottom of the processing variable angle cone cup, the track point rotates 45 degrees around the rotating shaft.
(7) Outputting the wave processing track of the multidirectional hammering type progressive forming in a format which can be recognized by a numerical control machine tool or a special progressive forming machine.
(8) And (4) carrying out point-by-point progressive forming on the forming tool according to the fluctuation track data generated in the step (7) under the control of the machine tool.
In the method, the processing track of the forming tool is programmed into a fluctuation processing track, and the direction, wavelength and amplitude of fluctuation are controlled by a program in UGNX8.0 software, so that the multidirectional hammering type incremental forming of periodic contact between the tool and a plate can be flexibly realized. The multidirectional hammering type incremental forming method can overcome the problem that the thickness of the existing incremental forming plate is mainly determined by a forming angle, and can better control the local thickness of a part, so that the forming performance of a plate can be improved.
Example 2
A sheet-like shaped article, i.e. the article, obtained by the multidirectional hammer-peening progressive forming method described in embodiment 1. After the corresponding program is obtained in the steps (1) - (7), blanking the plate material into 230 x 230mm by adopting an industrial pure aluminum 1060 plate with the thickness of 1mm, enabling the geometric center of the plate material to be overlapped with the geometric center of the forming clamp, and pressing the periphery of the plate material for clamping by 15 mm; carrying out point-by-point progressive forming on the forming tool under the control of the machine tool according to the fluctuation track data generated in the step (7); the final product is obtained.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method of multidirectional hammer-peening progressive forming, comprising the steps of:
compiling a tool processing track into a fluctuation processing track, controlling the direction, wavelength and amplitude of fluctuation through a numerical control program, and realizing multidirectional hammering type incremental forming of periodic contact between a tool and a plate when a forming tool moves according to the compiled processing track;
(1) establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of a workpiece by using three-dimensional software;
(2) generating a continuous contact incremental forming processing track of a workpiece by adopting three-dimensional software or a manual programming mode;
(3) outputting the continuous contact progressive forming processing track in the step (2) to meet the discrete points of certain forming precision;
(4) interpolating the processing track points output in the step (3) to obtain new processing track points;
(5) introducing sine fluctuation in the direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction according to the horizontal speed and the processing time of the tool, adjusting the new processing track point obtained in the step (4), controlling the introduced amplitude, and generating a hammering type progressive forming track with a hammering angle of 90 degrees;
(6) the tool track point connecting line of two adjacent wave troughs is taken as a rotating shaft, and the track point between the two wave troughs rotates around the rotating shaft for a specific angle, so that the controllable fluctuation direction is realized;
(7) outputting a multi-directional hammering type gradually formed fluctuating machining track;
(8) the forming tool carries out multidirectional hammering progressive forming on the workpiece to be processed according to the processing track in the step (7);
making the workpiece to be processed into a flat structure, and enabling the geometric center of the workpiece to be processed to be superposed with the geometric center of the forming clamp so as to press the periphery of the workpiece to be processed; and (4) carrying out point-by-point progressive forming on the forming tool according to the fluctuation track data generated in the step (7) under the control of a numerical control machine tool or a special progressive forming machine.
2. The multidirectional hammer progressive forming method according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of the step (3) is: and (3) interpolating the processing track points output in the step (2) by a Lagrange linear interpolation method according to the wavelength of the sine wave to be introduced and the number of the track points which are required to be met by each wavelength.
3. The multidirectional hammer progressive forming method according to claim 1, wherein the sinusoidal undulations are as shown in formula (1),
in the formula (x)i,yi,zi) Representing the space coordinate of a certain tool processing track point i output in the step 4; (X)i,Yi,Zi) Representing the spatial coordinates of a certain point i on the sinusoidal fluctuation track; a represents the amplitude of the incoming sine wave; λ represents the wavelength of the incoming sine wave; v represents the horizontal feed speed of the forming tool; t is tiIndicating the time required for the tool to pass from the initial position to point i.
4. A method of multidirectional hammer progressive forming according to claim 1 wherein the direction of the line connecting the locus points of the tool in step (6) approximates the tangential direction of horizontal movement of the tool.
5. A method of multidirectional hammer progressive forming according to claim 1 wherein the output format of the processing trajectory in step (7) is a format recognizable by a numerically controlled machine tool or a dedicated progressive forming machine.
6. An article obtained by the multidirectional hammer progressive forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
the variable angle cone cup is provided with an opening, the middle part and the bottom.
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| US10976716B2 (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2021-04-13 | The Boeing Company | Generating a plurality of curved transitions connecting planar parallel alternating paths for forming a workpiece |
| CN108607917B (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2019-07-02 | 青岛理工大学 | The plate discontinuous contact progressive molding method and product of isometrical helical trajectory driving |
| CN109226842B (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2020-06-19 | 上海交通大学 | Method for generating incremental sheet forming processing track by adopting secondary interpolation |
| CN111906189A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-11-10 | 上海交通大学 | Plate incremental forming point contact processing method without circumferential friction |
| CN112547890B (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2022-07-12 | 西安飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Stamping forming method of small-caliber deep cavity cap type part |
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Effective date of registration: 20220225 Address after: No. 11, Fushun Road, North District, Qingdao, Shandong Patentee after: QINGDAO TECHNOLOGICAL University Patentee after: Shenzhen Qianhai Hengjin Technology Co., Ltd Address before: No. 11, Fushun Road, North District, Qingdao, Shandong Patentee before: QINGDAO TECHNOLOGICAL University |