CN106841927B - Fault Locating Method containing distributed power distribution network - Google Patents
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- CN106841927B CN106841927B CN201710160809.4A CN201710160809A CN106841927B CN 106841927 B CN106841927 B CN 106841927B CN 201710160809 A CN201710160809 A CN 201710160809A CN 106841927 B CN106841927 B CN 106841927B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 claims description 17
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001002 morphogenetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012804 iterative process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the Fault Locating Methods containing distributed power distribution network.This method utilizes the fault current information of the upload of FTU, while carrying out antibody coding to the network topology structure of distributed generation system, finds faulty line in solution space using immune algorithm, its solution is enable to best explain the fault-current signal from FTU.The expectation breeding degree of antibody is the foundation of evaluation solution performance, while can most explain the FTU information of all uploads, that is, finds out information that an antibody uploads the FTU corresponding to it and practical upload information deviation is minimum, accurate fast failure positioning of the realization to power distribution network.The shortcomings that the present invention overcomes classical matrix algorithm and genetic algorithms, is with a wide range of applications in the power distribution network containing distributed generation resource.
Description
Technical field
Fault Locating Method of the present invention containing distributed power distribution network belongs to Power System Faults Detection technical field, special
It is not a kind of suitable for the fault location new method containing distributed power distribution network.
Background technique
With the continuous access of distributed generation resource, conventional electrical distribution net topology structure becomes complicated from single supply radial networks
Power network, currently, based on FTU (Feeder Terminal Unit, Feeder Terminal Unit) acquisition fault current letter
Breath carries out distribution network failure positioning, and main method is matrix algorithm, genetic algorithm.Matrix algorithm requires the accurate of fault message
Property is very high, and fault-tolerance is poor, it is made to be difficult to be used widely.Though and genetic algorithm has sufficient research, asks in many optimizations
Have successful application in topic, but itself is there is also some shortcomings, for example, local search ability it is poor, there are immature oils and
Phenomena such as random roam, can be poor so as to cause convergence, take a long time just find optimal solution.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of fault location containing distributed power distribution network in view of the above shortcomings
Method, the shortcomings that overcoming classical matrix algorithm and genetic algorithm, can carry out the distribution containing distributed generation resource quickly, effectively
Fault location.
The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:
Fault Locating Method containing distributed power distribution network, comprising the following steps:
(1) fault current is encoded；
(2) Immune System is copied, carries out initial antibodies coding for topological structure of electric；
(3) switch function is constructed, antigen is calculated；
(4) matching degree between calculating antibody and antigen；
(5) affinity and antibody concentration between calculating antibody and antibody；
(6) according to the expectation reproductive probability of affinity and antibody concentration calculating antibody between antibody；
(7) it is evolved according to the expectation reproductive probability of antibody and generates new antibody, circulation step (3)-(7)；
(8) according to convergence criterion, optimal antibody is exported, decodes and determines faulty line.
Further, detailed process is as follows for step (1):
To each switch, the nearest power supply of the set distance switch is its upstream power supply, and other power supplys are downstream
Power supply sets the positive direction from the upstream power supply of the switch to downstream power supply as the switch, detects when Feeder Terminal Unit
Failure overcurrent direction is identical as the positive direction of switch, then the state value switched sets 1, if failure overcurrent direction and switch positive direction
On the contrary, the state value then switched sets -1, if failure overcurrent is not detected in Feeder Terminal Unit, the state value switched sets 0, from
And completion status encodes.
Further, detailed process is as follows for step (2):
Using immune algorithm carry out fault location when, antibody be power distribution network in all feeder line sections shape it is morphogenetic to
Amount, antibody are made of gene, and every gene pairs answers the state of a certain feeder line section, and gene sets the corresponding feeder line section hair of 1 expression
Raw failure, gene set the corresponding feeder line section fault of 0 expression and do not break down.
Further, detailed process is as follows for step (3):
For each switch, definition switch its upstream power supply between route be the switch upstream line, switch with
The route between power supply is the line downstream of the switch downstream, then constructs switch function:
In above formula,It isj The switch function of a block switch,For single antibody；It isjA point
The in section switch upstream lineuThe state of a feeder line section, malfunction set 1, and normal condition sets 0；It isjA block switch
In line downstreamuThe state of a feeder line section, malfunction set 1, and normal condition sets 0；Indicate thejA block switch
The state logic or operation of each feeder line section of upstream line,M 1It isjThe number of a block switch upstream line feeder line section；Indicate thejThe state logic or operation of a each feeder line section of block switch line downstream；It isjA segmentation is opened
Close the number of line downstream feeder line section；Indicate theiWhether a distributed generation resource is incorporated into the power networks, when being incorporated into the power networks,1, when not being incorporated into the power networks is set,0 is set,NFor the number of distributed generation resource.
Further, detailed process is as follows for step (4):
Evaluation function is constructed first:
In above formula,For evaluation function corresponding to antibody each in antibody population；Indicate antibody
Each gene；N 1For the sum switched in power distribution network；N 2For the sum of feeder line section in power distribution network；I j It is obtained for step (1)
The state encoding respectively switched；
Then the matching degree between calculating antibody and antigen:
In above formula,Indicate the matching degree between antibody and antigen.
Further, detailed process is as follows for step (5):
Affinity between calculating antibody and antibody:
In above formula,It is antibodyvAnd antibodysIn be in identical gene location and the identical digit of gene；LFor antibody
Length；
Calculating antibody concentration, i.e., ratio shared by similar antibodies in antibody population:
In above formula,C v It is antibody concentration,,eFor antibody affinity evaluation parameter,MFor
Antibody sum.
Further, detailed process is as follows for step (6):
The expectation reproductive probability of calculating antibody:
In above formula,P v For the expectation reproductive probability of antibody,Indicate the affinity summation of all antibody,It indicates
The antibody concentration summation of all antibody,For weight,。
Further, in step (8), the convergence criterion be the maximum antibody of desired reproductive probability during evolution
Keeping algebra is more than that set value and immune algorithm are no longer evolved.
Further, the reservation threshold value of antibody is set, setting data base was being evolved using excellent individual retention strategy
Cheng Zhong, it would be desirable to which the antibody that reproductive probability is greater than reservation threshold value remains into data base.
By adopting the above technical scheme bring the utility model has the advantages that
The Fault Locating Method that the present invention designs is based on immune algorithm, generates and maintain machine using the diversity of immune system
The diversity to keep group is made, the premature convergence problem of general searching process is overcome, finally acquires globally optimal solution, overcome biography
The various disadvantages of Fault Locating Method of the system based on matrix algorithm or genetic algorithm, it is fixed to the accurate fast failure of power distribution network to realize
Position.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the simplification figure of the power distribution network containing DG of embodiment.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to attached drawing, technical solution of the present invention is described in detail.
Fault Locating Method containing distributed power distribution network, as shown in Figure 1, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: fault current is encoded.
To each on-pole switch, it is its upstream power supply that predetermined distance, which switchs nearest power supply, first, and other power supplys are
Power supply downstream.Stipulated that being the positive direction switched from its upstream power supply to downstream power supply.When the failure overcurrent side that FTU is detected
To consistent, the switch state value with the positive direction of hypothesis switchI j =1.If overcurrent direction and the positive direction of hypothesis on the contrary, ifI j =-1.If FTU does not monitor overcurrent,I j =0。
Distribution net work structure figure as shown in Figure 2, for switch S1, S2 and S3, upstream power supply is electric network source, electric downstream
Source is DG1 and DG2.Equally, for switch S4, S5 and S6, upstream power supply is DG1, and downstream power supply is electric network source and DG2.
For switch S7, S8 and S9, upstream power supply is DG2, and downstream power supply is electric network source and DG1.
By taking S4 as an example, for S4, its positive direction is from its upstream power supply DG1 to downstream power supply electric network source and DG2.Work as K1
Place occur short trouble, the fault current for flowing through S4 provided by distributed generation resource DG1 and the direction of fault current and assume
Positive direction is consistent, therefore the malfunction of S4 is ' 1 '.Break down at K2, flow through the fault current of S4 by electric network source and
Distributed generation resource DG2 provide and the direction of fault current and the positive direction of hypothesis on the contrary, so when S4 malfunction be
‘-1'.The state value of other switches determines that method is similar with S4.
Step 2: copying Immune System, carry out initial antibodies coding for topological structure of electric.
In distribution network failure positioning, feeder line sector status is amount to be asked, when carrying out fault location using immune algorithm, gene
The state of corresponding single feeder line section, antibody are made of gene, i.e., the morphogenetic vector of shape of all feeder line sections in power distribution network.
Binary coded form is used herein, and the length of antibody is determined that each gene pairs of antibody answers feeder line area by feeder line sector number
The state of section, 1 indicates the feeder line section fault, and 0 indicates no failure.For example, when K1 breaks down in Fig. 2, at this time anti-
Body is encoded to [0 01000 0].
Step 3: construction switch function calculates antigen.
For some switch, the route between definition switch and upstream power supply is the upstream line of the switch.Similarly,
Route is the switch and the feeder line between power supply downstream downstream.Different from traditional single supply radiativity power supply system,
In distributed generation system, there is relationship by the electric current of switch and each power supply.Therefore, one is defined herein newly
Switching function, as the formula:
(1)
In above formula,It isj The switch function of a block switch.It isjThe state of number switch upstream feeder lineS jd
It isjThe state of number switch downstream feeder line.When line failure value be 1, normal operating value 0.It is switchjIt is upper
Swim line fault conditions logic or operation.It is switchjDownstream line malfunction logic or operation.
Indicate whether distributed generation resource (DG) is incorporated into the power networks.When DG is incorporated into the power networks, state code is ' 1 ', if not provided, code is
‘0'.When there is no DG to be incorporated in distribution network system, at this timeWith traditional single supply radiativity
The switch function of distribution network system is the same.Therefore, new switch function can adapt to the change of network topology structure.
Step 4: the matching degree between calculating antibody and antigen.
The key that antibody and antigen affinity calculate is that the construction of evaluation function, evaluation function are based upon feeder line area
The state and the practical electric current uploaded of FTU for the feeder switch that section state determines get over the difference minimum of limit information to construct.This
It is as the formula (2) to invent the evaluation function used:
(2)
In above formula,F it (S B ) it is fitness function corresponding to each antibody in antibody population, i.e., evaluation function is to feasible solution
Evaluation of estimate；S B For single antibody, i.e., the solution vector of all feeder line sector status compositions,S B (i) indicate antibody each base
Cause corresponds to the state of each feeder line in power distribution network, and value is 1 expression malfunction, and value is 0 expression normal condition；N 1For with
The sum switched in power grid；N 2For the sum of feeder line section in power distribution network；I j For the malfunction coding of feeder line in power distribution network；Then switch function is determined by formula (1).For example there are feeder line section a and feeder line section b in the downstream switch S1, thenAs long as it is 1 that the state of feeder line section a, b, which have one,It is 1.
Matching degree between antibody and antigen is as the formula (3):
(3)
In above formula,Indicate the evaluation function of minimum optimization problem；A v For indicating between antibody and antigen
Matching degree reflects the excellent of the feasible solution generated in initial solution or iterative process,A v Bigger, the feasible solution is better,A v More
Small, the feasible solution is poorer.
Step 5: affinity and antibody concentration between calculating antibody and antibody.
Affinity between antibody and antibody reflects the similarity degree between feasible solution and feasible solution.It uses hereinRPosition
Affinity between Continuous plus antibody and antibody.Two kinds of antibody have more thanRPosition is continuousRPosition coding is identical, then it represents that two
Kind antibody is approximate " identical ", otherwise indicates two kinds of antibody differences, it may be assumed that
(4)
In above formula,k v,s It is antibodyvAnd antibodysIn be in identical gene location and the identical digit of gene；LFor antibody
Length.Bigger, then two antibody are more similar；Conversely, more dissimilar.
Antibody concentrationC v Ratio shared by similar antibodies i.e. in antibody population has reacted the diversity of antibody population, calculates public
Formula:
(5)
(6)
In above formula,eFor antibody similarity evaluation parameter；H v,s Indicate whether two antibody are similar, is to take 1, it is no, take 0；M
For antibody sum.
Step 6: according to the expectation reproductive probability of affinity and antibody concentration calculating antibody between antibody.
In antibody population, the expectation reproductive probability of each antibody is by the affinity and antibody concentration two between antibody and antigen
Part codetermines, this is the main distinction with genetic algorithm, it may be assumed that
(7)
In above formula,Indicate the affinity summation of all antibody,Indicate the antibody concentration summation of all antibody,For weight, preferred value 0.95.
Step 7: being evolved according to the expectation reproductive probability of antibody and generate new antibody, circulation step 3-7.
By formula (7) as it can be seen that antibody and antigen affinityA v It is bigger, then it is expected breeding potentialP v It is bigger, be selected as intersect,
A possibility that variation individual, is bigger；Antibody concentrationC v It is bigger, then it is expected breeding potentialP v It is smaller, it is selected as intersection, variation individual
A possibility that it is smaller.The antibody high with antigen affinity had both been promoted in this way, while having also inhibited highly concentrated antibody, thus really
The diversity of antibody is protected.
Immune algorithm when inhibiting high concentration antibody, with the higher antibody of antigen affinity may it is high because of its concentration and
It is suppressed, is lost so as to cause the optimal solution acquired, therefore use excellent individual retention strategy, increase data base, every
When secondary update data base, it would be desirable to which the higher several body of reproductive probability value is stored in data base.The creation of data base is also kept away simultaneously
Intersection is exempted from, the generation that mutation process makes group degenerate.
Step 8: according to convergence criterion, exporting optimal antibody, decode and determine faulty line.
The criterion that algorithm terminates is the minimum holding algebra of optimum individual in antibody population, i.e. corresponding expectation during evolution
When the maximum individual of breeding degree keeps algebra no longer to evolve more than set value and immune algorithm during evolution, determine to calculate
Method convergence.According to the antibody coding principle of step 2, in optimal antibody, corresponding line is encoded to 1 as faulty line.Example
Such as, the optimal antibody that algorithm finally determines is [0 00010 0...], then can be determined that No. 5 line failures.It is this
Criterion takes full advantage of the knowledge accumulation of immune algorithm during evolution, is suitable for the different power distribution network of complexity, improves
Convergence efficiency.
Embodiment is merely illustrative of the invention's technical idea, and this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention, it is all according to
Technical idea proposed by the present invention, any changes made on the basis of the technical scheme are fallen within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Fault Locating Method containing distributed power distribution network, which comprises the following steps:
(1) fault current is encoded；
(2) Immune System is copied, carries out initial antibodies coding for topological structure of electric；
(3) switch function is constructed, antigen is calculated；
(4) matching degree between calculating antibody and antigen；
(5) affinity and antibody concentration between calculating antibody and antibody；
(6) according to the expectation reproductive probability of affinity and antibody concentration calculating antibody between antibody；
(7) it is evolved according to the expectation reproductive probability of antibody and generates new antibody, circulation step (3)-(7)；
(8) according to convergence criterion, optimal antibody is exported, decodes and determines faulty line；
Detailed process is as follows for step (1):
To each switch, it is specified that the power supply nearest apart from the switch is its upstream power supply, and other power supplys are power supply downstream,
Stipulated that being the positive direction of the switch from its upstream power supply to downstream power supply, when the failure overcurrent side that Feeder Terminal Unit detects
To identical as the positive direction of switch, then the state value switched sets 1, if failure overcurrent direction with switch positive direction on the contrary, if open
The state value of pass sets -1, if failure overcurrent is not detected in Feeder Terminal Unit, the state value switched sets 0, to complete shape
State coding；
Detailed process is as follows for step (2):
When carrying out fault location using immune algorithm, antibody is the morphogenetic vector of shape of all feeder line sections in power distribution network, is resisted
Body is made of gene, and every gene pairs answers the state of a certain feeder line section, and gene sets the corresponding feeder line section of 1 expression and event occurs
Barrier, gene set the corresponding feeder line section fault of 0 expression and do not break down；
Detailed process is as follows for step (3):
Each is switched, is defined under the upstream line, switch and its that the route between switch and its upstream power supply is the switch
The line downstream that the route between power supply is the switch is swum, switch function is then constructed:
In above formula,It isj The switch function of a block switch,For single antibody；It isjA segmentation
In switch upstream lineuThe state of a feeder line section, malfunction set 1, and normal condition sets 0；It isjUnder a block switch
It swims the in lineuThe state of a feeder line section, malfunction set 1, and normal condition sets 0；Indicate thejOn a block switch
The state logic or operation of each feeder line section of line are swum,M 1It isjThe number of a block switch upstream line feeder line section；Indicate thejThe state logic or operation of a each feeder line section of block switch line downstream；M 2It isjA block switch
The number of line downstream feeder line section；Indicate theiWhether a distributed generation resource is incorporated into the power networks, when being incorporated into the power networks,
1, when not being incorporated into the power networks is set,0 is set,NFor the number of distributed generation resource.
2. according to claim 1 containing the Fault Locating Method of distributed power distribution network, which is characterized in that step (4)
Detailed process is as follows:
Evaluation function is constructed first,
In above formula,For evaluation function corresponding to antibody each in antibody population；Indicate antibodyIt is each
Position gene；N 1For the sum switched in power distribution network；N 2For the sum of feeder line section in power distribution network；I j It is respectively opened for what step (1) obtained
The state encoding of pass；
Then the matching degree between calculating antibody and antigen,
In above formula,Indicate the matching degree between antibody and antigen.
3. according to claim 2 containing the Fault Locating Method of distributed power distribution network, which is characterized in that step (5)
Detailed process is as follows:
Affinity between calculating antibody and antibody,
In above formula,It is antibodyvAnd antibodysIn be in identical gene location and the identical digit of gene；LFor the length of antibody
Degree；
Calculating antibody concentration, i.e., ratio shared by similar antibodies in antibody population,
In above formula,C v It is antibody concentration,,eFor antibody affinity evaluation parameter,MIt is total for antibody
Number.
4. according to claim 3 containing the Fault Locating Method of distributed power distribution network, which is characterized in that step (6)
Detailed process is as follows:
The expectation reproductive probability of calculating antibody, calculation formula are
In above formula,P v For the expectation reproductive probability of antibody,Indicate the affinity summation of all antibody,Indicate all
The antibody concentration summation of antibody,For weight,。
5. according to claim 1 containing the Fault Locating Method of distributed power distribution network described in any one of -4, feature exists
In: in step (8), it is more than institute that the convergence criterion keeps algebra for the expectation maximum antibody of reproductive probability during evolution
The value and immune algorithm of setting are no longer evolved.
6. according to claim 1 containing the Fault Locating Method of distributed power distribution network described in any one of -4, feature exists
In: the reservation threshold value of antibody is set, data base is set, using excellent individual retention strategy, during evolution, it would be desirable to breed
The antibody that probability is greater than reservation threshold value remains into data base.
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| CN107091972B (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-06-04 | 东南大学 | A kind of active power distribution network Fault Locating Method based on improvement population |
| CN108390360B (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2019-08-30 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of fault section and isolation method and device of the distribution system containing energy storage |
| CN108387820A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-08-10 | 东北电力大学 | Fault Section Location of Distribution Network containing distributed generation resource |
| CN108594079A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-09-28 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | A kind of electrical power distribution network fault location method, device and computer-readable medium |
| CN109687427A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-04-26 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | A kind of Fault Diagnosis of Distribution Network system coordinated based on decaf optimization |
| CN109709445A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-05-03 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | High permeability distributed generation resource accesses distribution network failure positioning and processing method |
| CN109738760B (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2021-05-14 | 国网福建省电力有限公司 | Distribution network short-circuit fault positioning method fusing various distribution terminal data |
| CN112557817A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-26 | 广东电网有限责任公司肇庆供电局 | Quantum immune optimization algorithm-based active power distribution network fault positioning method and system, storage medium and computer equipment |
| CN113625113B (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2022-05-31 | 华北电力大学 | Power distribution network fault positioning method and system |
| CN113687189A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-11-23 | 南京软核科技有限公司 | Power distribution network fault positioning method and system |
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