CN106841875B - Three-phase distribution transformer temperature rise test system and method based on alternating-current low-frequency heating - Google Patents
Three-phase distribution transformer temperature rise test system and method based on alternating-current low-frequency heating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-phase distribution transformer temperature rise test system and method based on alternating-current low-frequency heating, comprising the following steps: the three-phase four-wire low-voltage input power supply, the three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply and the tested transformer are sequentially connected in series, the output signal acquisition module and the temperature measurement sensor module are respectively connected with the tested transformer, and the main control unit is respectively connected with the three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply, the output signal acquisition module and the temperature measurement sensor module; and the main control unit sends out a voltage and frequency regulation instruction to the three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply according to the feedback signals of the output signal acquisition module and the temperature sensor. The invention has the beneficial effects that: because the output frequency is low, the test power supply capacity required by the temperature rise test can be greatly reduced, and a high-capacity voltage regulating device and a reactive compensation device are not required.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of temperature rise tests of distribution transformers, in particular to a short circuit temperature rise test method for carrying out short circuit tests on transformers based on alternating current low frequency and controlling excitation saturation of iron cores.
Background
The purpose of the transformer temperature rise test is to verify whether the heat generated by the main body total loss (winding resistance loss and iron core excitation loss) of the transformer and the temperature of the heat dissipation device reaching the heat balance meet the requirements of related standards and technical protocols under the rated working condition, and to verify the rationality of the product structure and the local overheat degree of the structure. It is not only related to the safety, reliability and service life of the transformer, but also related to the manufacturing cost of the transformer.
In the traditional power frequency short-circuit method test, the inductive component in the short-circuit impedance of the transformer is far greater than the resistive component, so that the power factor of the transformer is lower in the load test. Because the temperature rise heating effect or the heating value of the transformer only depends on the active consumption, the short-circuit method temperature rise test is carried out on the transformer, which means that a high-capacity three-phase voltage regulating power supply needs to be provided and a capacitor is used for reactive compensation, so that the requirement on the capacity of a test power supply is reduced.
The traditional power frequency short-circuit method test method is carried out according to the test requirement of GB1094, the time consumed for testing the temperature rise test of a transformer at present is long, particularly the time consumed for testing a dry-type transformer at present is about 24 hours, the labor efficiency is low, and the requirement of the national network on the number of the transformer spot checks is difficult to be completed according to the current equipment using condition and the configuration quantity of testers.
The existing method for heating the ultrahigh voltage transformer (the ultrahigh voltage transformer is basically composed of single-phase transformers) by adopting a low-frequency current short-circuit method is used for drying the transformer, the heating current is far less than the rated current and the rated temperature of the transformer, the voltage of the high-low voltage side of the ultrahigh voltage transformer is higher, and the magnetic circuit saturation influence of an iron core caused by lower frequency is basically ignored when the low-frequency heating is adopted. In addition, the existing heating method is to heat the coil of the transformer first and then heat the iron core through the heat of the coil, so that the transformer achieves the drying purpose.
For a three-phase distribution transformer, because the iron core structure is a three-column type iron core, the voltage of the high and low voltage sides of the transformer is lower, and the method for heating the extra-high voltage transformer by a low frequency short circuit method is not suitable for the temperature rise test requirement of the three-phase distribution transformer. Firstly, the heating power supply can induce short-circuit current in the short-circuit side winding by adopting three alternating current power supplies with 120-degree included angles, and secondly, the transformer core magnetic circuit is saturated when the frequency is low, so that the paint film among silicon steel sheets is damaged due to local overheating of the core, eddy current is generated due to formation of the short-circuit among sheets, and transformer faults are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the three-phase distribution transformer temperature rise test of the voltage class of 10kV and below, is mainly applied to the distribution transformer network access quality spot check and transformer delivery type test, can meet the transformer temperature rise test of the distribution transformer capacity of 2500kVA and below, and solves the over-excitation state of an iron core possibly caused by low frequency through excitation saturation control.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is specifically as follows:
A three-phase distribution transformer temperature rise test system based on ac low frequency heating, comprising: the system comprises a three-phase four-wire low-voltage input power supply, a three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply, an output signal acquisition module, a temperature measurement sensor module and a main control unit;
The three-phase four-wire low-voltage input power supply, the three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply and the tested transformer are sequentially connected in series, the output signal acquisition module and the temperature sensor module are respectively connected with the tested transformer, and the main control unit is respectively connected with the three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply, the output signal acquisition module and the temperature sensor module;
The main control unit sends a voltage and frequency regulation instruction to the three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply according to feedback signals of the output signal acquisition module and the temperature sensor;
The three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply determines the corresponding saturation point voltage values of the tested transformer under different frequencies according to the excitation saturation curve of the transformer core; and meanwhile, the output frequency and the voltage value are continuously adjusted according to the received instructions so as to realize balanced adjustment of excitation saturation, frequency and voltage and realize simultaneous heating of the transformer iron core and the winding during the temperature rise test of the transformer.
Further, a three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply is adopted to carry out frequency modulation and pressurization on a high-voltage side winding of the tested transformer, an excitation saturation curve of a transformer core is established, corresponding saturation point voltage values of the tested transformer under different frequencies are determined, so that an excitation current value with the largest heating value of the transformer core is determined, and the transformer core is heated;
And then short-circuiting the low-voltage side of the transformer, selecting the test frequency, current and voltage amplitude with the optimal total loss applied in the first stage of the temperature rise test according to the rated capacity parameter of the transformer, generating a three-phase adjustable alternating current power supply by a three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable frequency power supply, inducing short-circuit current at the low-voltage side of the transformer, adjusting rated current applied to the transformer by the low-frequency power supply, and heating the winding.
Further, according to the excitation saturation curve of the transformer core, corresponding saturation points of the tested transformer under different frequencies are determined: the inflection point of the excitation characteristic curve is when the applied current value increases by 50% and the excited voltage value increases by not more than 10%.
Further, the adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply tests the tested transformer with the lowest voltage and the lowest frequency after power-on;
The output acquisition module acquires voltage, current, phase and frequency information of the tested transformer and feeds the information back to the main control unit;
The temperature sensor module feeds back the acquired temperature information of the transformer iron core and the high-low voltage side winding to the main control unit;
The main control unit continuously sends instructions to the three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply according to the feedback information, and the three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply continuously adjusts the frequency and the voltage value to realize balanced adjustment of excitation saturation, frequency and voltage; the requirement of the maximum total loss and the test current for keeping the temperature for 1h after adjusting the maximum total loss to the rated loss in the temperature rise test of the transformer is met;
when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the tested transformer reaches the set temperature, the output voltage of the adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply is reduced, the output frequency is increased, and the fluctuation of the output current within the rated current range is ensured not to exceed 10%.
A three-phase distribution transformer temperature rise test method based on alternating-current low-frequency heating comprises the following steps:
(1) Applying the maximum total loss in the transformer, enabling the transformer to work in a rated working state, and detecting the temperature rise of the transformer oil core and the winding;
Frequency modulation and pressurization are carried out on a high-voltage side winding of a tested transformer by adopting a three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply, an excitation saturation curve of a transformer core is established, corresponding saturation point voltage values of the tested transformer under different frequencies are determined, so that an excitation current value with the largest heating value of the transformer core is determined, and the transformer core is heated;
Then short-circuiting the low-voltage side of the transformer, selecting the test frequency, current and voltage amplitude with the optimal total loss applied in the first stage of the temperature rise test according to the rated capacity parameter of the transformer, generating a three-phase adjustable alternating current power supply by a three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable frequency power supply, inducing short-circuit current at the low-voltage side of the transformer, adjusting the rated current applied to the transformer by the low-frequency power supply, and heating the winding;
(2) Immediately reducing the current in the input winding to rated current after measuring the temperature of each part, continuing the test for 1h, and continuing observing the temperature of each part;
(3) After the rated current is finished for 1h, after the temperature of each part is recorded, the current is quickly reduced to the minimum, the power supply is cut off, the connection between the test sample and the temperature rise test power supply is disconnected, and the winding thermal resistance is measured;
(4) When the test is finished, the power supply is quickly disconnected, the short-circuit line is removed, and the resistance value of the winding is accurately measured in a set time; and reading every other set time, recording the resistance value of the winding in a set time period after power failure, and drawing a temperature rise curve of the transformer according to the measured resistance value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. Because the output frequency is low, the test power supply capacity required by the temperature rise test can be greatly reduced, and a high-capacity voltage regulating device and a reactive compensation device are not required.
2. The test voltage is low (the highest working voltage is 400V), the test safety coefficient is high, the protection is simple and convenient, and other works are not affected.
3. Compared with the traditional method, the device has light weight and small volume, and is convenient to transport to a test site.
4. When the temperature rise test is carried out on the transformer through low frequency, the iron core and the winding generate heat simultaneously, the time of the temperature rise test of the transformer is greatly shortened, and the labor efficiency of test staff is improved.
5. The test power supply meets the low-frequency temperature rise test requirement, and also meets the no-load test and load test requirements of the distribution transformer under the rated voltage of the conventional power frequency condition.
6. The dynamic balance of the output voltage, the output current and the output frequency realizes the maximum utilization of the power of the equipment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase distribution transformer temperature rise test system based on alternating-current low-frequency heating.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
The invention discloses a three-phase distribution transformer temperature rise test system based on alternating-current low-frequency heating, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises: comprising the following steps: the system comprises a three-phase four-wire low-voltage input power supply, a three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply, an output signal acquisition module, a temperature measurement sensor module and a main control unit;
the three-phase four-wire low-voltage input power supply, the three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply and the tested transformer are sequentially connected in series, the output signal acquisition module and the temperature measurement sensor module are respectively connected with the tested transformer, and the main control unit is respectively connected with the three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply, the output signal acquisition module and the temperature measurement sensor module;
and the main control unit sends out a voltage and frequency regulation instruction to the three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply according to the feedback signals of the output signal acquisition module and the temperature sensor.
The low-frequency variable-frequency power supply adopts IGBT to form full-wave controllable rectification of four-quadrant operation, and then utilizes a high-power switching device to drive a control algorithm through a low-frequency vector function, so that the SPWM inversion of low frequency is realized, and the required heating power supply with adjustable frequency and voltage is obtained through filtering. The adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply generates a three-phase adjustable alternating-current power supply with the frequency of 1-50Hz and 0-400V, short-circuit current is induced in the winding at the short-circuit side, and the frequency and the amplitude of output voltage of the adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply are adjusted according to the instruction of the main control unit.
The output signal acquisition module feeds back the acquired voltage, current, phase and frequency information of the tested transformer to the main control unit.
The temperature sensor module feeds back the acquired temperature information (the temperature of the iron core of the dry-type transformer, the temperature of the upper, middle and lower parts of the winding at the high and low voltage sides and the average temperature) to the main control unit.
The main control unit receives the information of the voltage, the current, the frequency, the temperature and the like of the tested transformer sent by the output signal acquisition module and the temperature measurement sensor module respectively, and continuously sends instructions to the adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply according to the received information.
The adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply tests the tested transformer with the lowest voltage and the lowest frequency after power-on;
The main control unit continuously sends instructions to the three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply according to the feedback information, and the three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply continuously adjusts the frequency and the voltage value to realize balanced adjustment of excitation saturation, frequency and voltage; the requirement of the maximum total loss and the test current for keeping the temperature for 1h after adjusting the maximum total loss to the rated loss in the temperature rise test of the transformer is met;
when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the tested transformer reaches the set temperature, the output voltage of the adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply is reduced, the output frequency is increased, and the fluctuation of the output current within the rated current range is ensured not to exceed 10%.
When the temperature rise test is carried out, firstly, an adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply is adopted to carry out frequency modulation and pressurization on a high-voltage side winding of a tested transformer, an excitation saturation curve of a transformer core is established, corresponding saturation point voltage values of the tested transformer under different frequencies are determined, and excitation saturation points are determined according to the excitation saturation curve of the transformer core: the inflection point of the excitation characteristic curve is when the applied current value increases by 50% and the excited voltage value increases by not more than 10%.
When the exciting current reaches the exciting saturation point voltage of the iron core, the heating value of the iron core of the transformer is maximum, and basic data is provided for the subsequent temperature rise test.
And then short-circuiting the low-voltage side of the transformer, selecting the test frequency and current and voltage amplitude with the optimal total loss applied in the first stage of the temperature rise test according to the rated capacity and other parameters of the transformer, heating the winding of the transformer, enabling the iron core and the winding to heat simultaneously, and shortening the thermal stability time of the transformer reaching the requirements of the temperature rise test.
The invention discloses a three-phase distribution transformer temperature rise test method based on alternating-current low-frequency heating, which comprises two stages;
The first stage applies the maximum total loss in the transformer, the transformer works in the rated working state, and the temperature rise of the transformer is detected.
In this stage, the temperature rise of the transformer winding and the heat of the transformer iron core are used for quickly reaching the overall temperature heat balance of the transformer, when the temperature change rate is less than 1K/h and is maintained for 3h, the temperature rise of the transformer is considered to be stable, and the average value in the last hour is taken as the temperature rise of the transformer.
After the total loss test period is finished, the temperature of each part is measured, the current in the input winding is immediately reduced to rated current, the test is continued for 1h, and the temperature of each part is continuously observed. After the rated current is finished for 1h and the temperatures of all parts are recorded, the current should be quickly reduced to the minimum, the power supply is cut off, the connection between the test sample and the temperature rise test power supply is disconnected, and the winding thermal resistance is measured.
And when the test is finished, rapidly switching off the power supply, removing the short-circuit line, and accurately measuring the resistance value of the first group in 2 minutes. Every 30 seconds, the resistance in 20 minutes after power failure is recorded, and a temperature rise curve of the transformer is drawn according to the thermal resistance.
While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented in conjunction with the drawings, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, it is intended to cover all modifications or variations within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A three-phase distribution transformer temperature rise test system based on alternating current low frequency heating is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a three-phase four-wire low-voltage input power supply, a three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply, an output signal acquisition module, a temperature measurement sensor module and a main control unit;
the three-phase four-wire low-voltage input power supply, the three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply and the tested transformer are sequentially connected in series, the output signal acquisition module and the temperature sensor module are respectively connected with the tested transformer, and the main control unit is respectively connected with the three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply, the output signal acquisition module and the temperature sensor module;
The main control unit sends a voltage and frequency regulation instruction to the three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply according to feedback signals of the output signal acquisition module and the temperature sensor;
The low-frequency variable-frequency power supply adopts IGBT to form full-wave controllable rectification of four-quadrant operation, then a high-power switching device is utilized to drive a control algorithm through a low-frequency vector function, SPWM inversion of low frequency is realized, a required heating power supply with adjustable frequency and voltage is obtained through filtering, the adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply generates a three-phase adjustable alternating-current power supply, short-circuit current is induced in a winding at a short-circuit side, and the adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply adjusts frequency and output voltage amplitude according to a main control unit instruction;
The three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply determines the corresponding saturation point voltage values of the tested transformer under different frequencies according to the excitation saturation curve of the transformer core; meanwhile, the output frequency and the voltage value are continuously adjusted according to the received instruction, so that balanced adjustment of excitation saturation, frequency and voltage is realized, and the transformer iron core and the winding are heated simultaneously during a transformer temperature rise test;
The method comprises the steps of adopting a three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply to perform frequency modulation and pressurization on a high-voltage side winding of a tested transformer, establishing an excitation saturation curve of a transformer core, determining corresponding saturation point voltage values of the tested transformer under different frequencies, determining an excitation current value with the largest heating value of the transformer core, and heating the transformer core;
Then short-circuiting the low-voltage side of the transformer, selecting the test frequency, current and voltage amplitude with the optimal total loss applied in the first stage of the temperature rise test according to the rated capacity parameter of the transformer, generating a three-phase adjustable alternating current power supply by a three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable frequency power supply, inducing short-circuit current at the low-voltage side of the transformer, adjusting the rated current applied to the transformer by the low-frequency power supply, and heating the winding;
According to the excitation saturation curve of the transformer core, determining corresponding saturation points of the tested transformer under different frequencies: the inflection point of the excitation characteristic curve is when the applied current value increases by 50% and the excited voltage value increases by not more than 10%;
the adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply tests the tested transformer with the lowest voltage and the lowest frequency after power-on;
The output acquisition module acquires voltage, current, phase and frequency information of the tested transformer and feeds the information back to the main control unit;
The temperature sensor module feeds back the acquired temperature information of the transformer iron core and the high-low voltage side winding to the main control unit;
The main control unit continuously sends instructions to the three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply according to the feedback information, and the three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply continuously adjusts the frequency and the voltage value to realize balanced adjustment of excitation saturation, frequency and voltage; the requirement of the maximum total loss and the test current for keeping the temperature for 1h after adjusting the maximum total loss to the rated loss in the temperature rise test of the transformer is met;
when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the tested transformer reaches the set temperature, the output voltage of the adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply is reduced, the output frequency is increased, and the fluctuation of the output current within the rated current range is ensured not to exceed 10%.
2. A method for testing the temperature rise of a three-phase distribution transformer based on alternating-current low-frequency heating, based on the system according to claim 1, comprising:
(1) Applying the maximum total loss in the transformer, enabling the transformer to work in a rated working state, and detecting the temperature rise of the transformer oil core and the winding;
Frequency modulation and pressurization are carried out on a high-voltage side winding of a tested transformer by adopting a three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power supply, an excitation saturation curve of a transformer core is established, corresponding saturation point voltage values of the tested transformer under different frequencies are determined, so that an excitation current value with the largest heating value of the transformer core is determined, and the transformer core is heated;
Then short-circuiting the low-voltage side of the transformer, selecting the test frequency, current and voltage amplitude with the optimal total loss applied in the first stage of the temperature rise test according to the rated capacity parameter of the transformer, generating a three-phase adjustable alternating current power supply by a three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable frequency power supply, inducing short-circuit current at the low-voltage side of the transformer, adjusting the rated current applied to the transformer by the low-frequency power supply, and heating the winding;
(2) Immediately reducing the current in the input winding to rated current after measuring the temperature of each part, continuing the test for 1h, and continuing observing the temperature of each part;
(3) After the rated current is finished for 1h, after the temperature of each part is recorded, the current is quickly reduced to the minimum, the power supply is cut off, the connection between the test sample and the temperature rise test power supply is disconnected, and the winding thermal resistance is measured;
(4) When the test is finished, the power supply is quickly disconnected, the short-circuit line is removed, and the resistance value of the winding is accurately measured in a set time; and reading every other set time, recording the resistance value of the winding in a set time period after power failure, and drawing a temperature rise curve of the transformer according to the measured resistance value.
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