CN106841875A - Three-Phase Distribution Transformers temperature rise test system and method based on alternating low frequency heating - Google Patents
Three-Phase Distribution Transformers temperature rise test system and method based on alternating low frequency heating Download PDFInfo
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- CN106841875A CN106841875A CN201710118179.4A CN201710118179A CN106841875A CN 106841875 A CN106841875 A CN 106841875A CN 201710118179 A CN201710118179 A CN 201710118179A CN 106841875 A CN106841875 A CN 106841875A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 33
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/003—Environmental or reliability tests
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Three-Phase Distribution Transformers temperature rise test system and method based on alternating low frequency heating, including：Three-phase and four-line low pressure input power, three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources and tested transformer are sequentially connected in series, output signal acquisition module and temperature transducer module are connected with tested transformer respectively, and main control unit is connected respectively with three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources, output signal acquisition module and temperature transducer module；Main control unit sends voltage regulation and frequency modulation instruction to three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources according to the feedback signal of output signal acquisition module, temperature transducer.Beneficial effect of the present invention：Because output frequency is low, the experiment power supply capacity required for temperature rise test can be greatly lowered, without Large Copacity regulator and reactive power compensator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to distribution transformer temperature rise test technical field, more particularly to transformer is carried out based on alternating low frequency
Short-circuit test and the short-circuit temperature-raising experimental method controlled with iron core excitation saturation.
Background technology
The purpose of transformer temperature rise test is checking transformer main body total losses (winding resistance damage under nominal operating conditions
Consumption and iron core excitation loss) heat and the heat abstractor that produce reach whether thermally equilibrated temperature meets relevant standard and technology is assisted
The requirement of view, and verify the reasonability and structure partial degree of superheat of product structure.It not only the security of relation transformer, can
By property, service life, the also manufacturing cost of relation transformer.
Traditional power frequency short-circuit method experiment, because the perceptual weight in Transformer Short Circuit Impedance is much larger than resistive component, leads
Power factor is relatively low during the load test of mutagens depressor.Because the temperature rise heating effect or caloric value of transformer are only dependent upon active disappearing
Consumption, is to carry out short-circuit method temperature rise test to transformer, it is meant that need to provide the three phase voltage regulating power supply of Large Copacity and be aided with electric capacity
Device carries out reactive-load compensation, to reduce the demand to testing power supply capacity.
Traditional power frequency short-circuit method test method is carried out according to the test requirements document of GB1094, at present one transformer of test
Temperature rise test need expend time it is more long, particularly to dry-type transformer at present take about at 24 hours or so, work
Inefficiency, is difficult to complete state's net to transformer sampling observation quantity according to current use status of equipment and testing crew configuration quantity
Requirement.
It is existing to use low-frequency current short-circuit method (extra-high voltage transformer is all single-phase transformer substantially to EHV transformer
Composition) method that is heated, the purpose of heating is that in order that transformer dry, heated current is far from reaching the volume of transformer
Determine electric current and rated temperature, the high and low pressure side voltage of extra-high voltage transformer is higher in addition, be have ignored substantially when being heated using low frequency
Magnetic circuit saturation influence of the iron core caused by frequency is relatively low.In addition, existing heating means are heating transformer coil first, so
Afterwards by the heat iron core of coil so that transformer reaches drying purpose.
For Three-Phase Distribution Transformers, because core structure is three pillar type iron core, the high and low pressure side voltage of transformer is relatively low,
The method that low frequency short-circuit method is heated to extra-high voltage transformer is not suitable for the temperature rise test requirement of Three-Phase Distribution Transformers.It is first
First, heating power supply must 120 degree of AC powers of angle just can induce short circuit current in short circuit end winding each other using three-phase,
Secondly, to consider that transformer core magnetic circuit saturation can be caused when frequency is relatively low, cause iron core hot-spot to be painted between damaging silicon steel sheet
Film, short circuit causes vortex to produce between forming piece, causes transformer fault.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention mainly should aiming at 10kV and the Three-Phase Distribution Transformers temperature rise test of following voltage class
Used in the type approval test that distribution transformer networking sampling check for quality and transformer dispatch from the factory, distribution transformer capacity can be met and existed
2500kVA and following transformer temperature rise test, and control to solve to be crossed because of the iron core that low frequency is likely to result in encourage by excitation saturation
Magnetic state.
To achieve the above object, concrete scheme of the invention is as follows：
A kind of Three-Phase Distribution Transformers temperature rise test system based on alternating low frequency heating, including：Three-phase and four-line low pressure is defeated
Enter power supply, three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources, output signal acquisition module, temperature transducer module and main control unit；
The three-phase and four-line low pressure input power, three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources and tested transformer are sequentially connected in series company
Connect, the output signal acquisition module and temperature transducer module are connected with tested transformer respectively, the main control unit and three
Phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources, output signal acquisition module and temperature transducer module are connected respectively；
The main control unit becomes according to the feedback signal of output signal acquisition module, temperature transducer to three-phase adjustable low-frequency
Frequency power sends voltage regulation and frequency modulation instruction；
The three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources is according to transformer core excitation saturation curve, it is determined that tested transformer is not
Corresponding saturation point magnitude of voltage under same frequency；Output frequency and magnitude of voltage are constantly adjusted according to the instruction for receiving simultaneously, with reality
Existing excitation saturation, frequency, the balanced adjustment of voltage, realize that transformer core and winding are heated simultaneously during transformer temperature rise test.
Further, frequency modulation, pressurization are carried out to tested high voltage side of transformer winding using three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources,
Transformer core excitation saturation curve is set up, it is determined that transformer corresponding saturation point magnitude of voltage at different frequencies is tested, with true
Determine the maximum exciting current value of transformer core caloric value, transformer core is heated；
Then by step down side short circuit, applied according to the transformer rated capacity parameter selected temperature rise test first stage
The optimal test frequency of loss, electric current and voltage magnitude are added up, three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources produces the adjustable alternating current of three-phase
Source, short circuit current is induced in step down side, and adjustment low-frequency power is applied to the rated current of transformer, winding is carried out
Heating.
Further, according to transformer core excitation saturation curve, it is determined that tested transformer is corresponding at different frequencies
Saturation point：Increase by 50% when current value is applied, and it is exciting characteristic curve that the magnitude of voltage that excitation goes out increases when being not more than 10%
Flex point.
Further, adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources is tried tested transformer with minimum voltage and low-limit frequency after upper electricity
Test；
The voltage of the output acquisition module tested transformer of collection, electric current, phase and frequency information are simultaneously anti-by described information
It is fed to main control unit；
The transformer core and the temperature information of high and low pressure side winding that temperature transducer module will be collected feed back to master
Control unit；
Main control unit constantly sends a command to three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources according to feedback information, and three-phase adjustable low-frequency becomes
Frequency power constantly adjusts frequency and magnitude of voltage to realize the balanced adjustment of excitation saturation, frequency, voltage；Meet transformer temperature rise examination
Maximum total losses should be reached when testing and the test current requirement that temperature keeps 1h is adjusted to nominal loss；
When temperature transducer detects tested transformer temperature reaches design temperature, reduce adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources defeated
Go out voltage, while improving output frequency, it is ensured that output current fluctuates no more than 10% in the range of rated current.
A kind of Three-Phase Distribution Transformers temperature-raising experimental method based on alternating low frequency heating, including：
(1) apply maximum total losses in transformer, transformer is operated in rated operation, detect transformer oil iron
The temperature rise of core and winding；
Frequency modulation, pressurization are carried out to tested high voltage side of transformer winding using three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources, transformation is set up
Device iron core excitation saturation curve, it is determined that transformer corresponding saturation point magnitude of voltage at different frequencies is tested, to determine transformer
The maximum exciting current value of iron core caloric value, heats to transformer core；
Then by step down side short circuit, applied according to the transformer rated capacity parameter selected temperature rise test first stage
The optimal test frequency of loss, electric current and voltage magnitude are added up, three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources produces the adjustable alternating current of three-phase
Source, short circuit current is induced in step down side, and adjustment low-frequency power is applied to the rated current of transformer, winding is carried out
Heating；
(2) after determining each spot temperature, the electric current being input into winding is down to rated current immediately, continues to test 1h, and
Continue to observe each spot temperature；
(3) rated current 1h terminates, and after the good each spot temperature of record, electric current is minimized rapidly, cuts off the electricity supply, and breaks
The line of test product and temperature rise test power supply is opened, winding thermal resistance is measured；
(4) quick deenergization during experiment termination, removes short-circuit line, and the accurate resistance for measuring winding in setting time
Value；Read once every setting time, record powers off the resistance value of winding in setting time section later, according to the resistance value for measuring
Depict transformer temperature rise curve.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1st, because output frequency is low, the experiment power supply capacity required for temperature rise test can be greatly lowered, without Large Copacity
Regulator and reactive power compensator.
2nd, test voltage is low (maximum operating voltage 400V), and experimental safe coefficient is high, and protection is easy and does not influence other works
Make.
3rd, equipment is compared compared with conventional method, and weight of equipment is light, small volume, be readily transported test site.
When the 4th, carrying out temperature rise test to transformer by low frequency simultaneously so that iron core and winding generate heat, and greatly shorten transformation
The time of device temperature rise test, improve the efficiency of testing crew.
5th, this experiment power supply covers the distribution transformer under the conditions of conventional power frequency again in addition to the requirement of low frequency temperature rise test is met
No-load test and load test requirement under rated voltage.
6th, output voltage, output current, the dynamic equilibrium of output frequency realizes maximally utilizing for plant capacity.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the Three-Phase Distribution Transformers temperature rise test system structural representation based on alternating low frequency heating.
Specific embodiment：
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
The invention discloses a kind of Three-Phase Distribution Transformers temperature rise test system based on alternating low frequency heating, such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show, including：Including：Three-phase and four-line low pressure input power, three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources, output signal acquisition module, thermometric
Sensor assembly and main control unit；
Three-phase and four-line low pressure input power, three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources and tested transformer are sequentially connected in series, defeated
Go out signal acquisition module and temperature transducer module to be connected with tested transformer respectively, main control unit and three-phase adjustable low-frequency frequency conversion
Power supply, output signal acquisition module and temperature transducer module are connected respectively；
Main control unit according to output signal acquisition module, temperature transducer feedback signal to three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency electric
Source sends voltage regulation and frequency modulation instruction.
Low-frequency variable-frequency power source, low-frequency variable-frequency power source constitutes the all-wave controlled rectification of four-quadrant operation using IGBT, recycles
High-power switch device realizes the SPWM inversions of low frequency, needed for filtered acquisition by low frequency phasor function drive control algorithm
Frequency Adjustable, the heating power supply of pressure regulation wanted.Adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources produces 1-50Hz, 0-400V three-phase adjustable ac source,
Short circuit current is induced in short circuit end winding, adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources is instructed according to main control unit, adjustment frequency and output are electric
Pressure amplitude value.
The voltage of the tested transformer that output signal acquisition module will be collected, electric current, phase and frequency information simultaneously will
Described information feeds back to main control unit.
Temperature information that temperature transducer module will be collected is (on the iron core temperature of dry-type transformer, high and low pressure side winding
Middle and lower part position temperature and mean temperature) feed back to main control unit.
Main control unit receive that output signal acquisition module, temperature transducer module send respectively to tested transformer electricity
The information such as pressure, electric current, frequency, temperature, and adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources is constantly sent a command to according to the above- mentioned information for receiving.
Adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources is tested tested transformer with minimum voltage and low-limit frequency after upper electricity；
Main control unit constantly sends a command to three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources according to feedback information, and three-phase adjustable low-frequency becomes
Frequency power constantly adjusts frequency and magnitude of voltage to realize the balanced adjustment of excitation saturation, frequency, voltage；Meet transformer temperature rise examination
Maximum total losses should be reached when testing and the test current requirement that temperature keeps 1h is adjusted to nominal loss；
When temperature transducer detects tested transformer temperature reaches design temperature, reduce adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources defeated
Go out voltage, while improving output frequency, it is ensured that output current fluctuates no more than 10% in the range of rated current.
When carrying out temperature rise test, first using adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources to being tested high voltage side of transformer winding frequency modulation, adding
Pressure, sets up transformer core excitation saturation curve, it is determined that corresponding saturation point magnitude of voltage under tested transformer different frequency, according to
Transformer core excitation saturation curve, determines excitation saturation point：Increase by 50% when current value is applied, and the magnitude of voltage that excitation goes out increases
Plus when no more than 10% be the flex point of exciting characteristic curve.
When the exciting current under reaching iron core excitation saturation point voltage, transformer core caloric value is maximum, is follow-up temperature
Rise experiment and basic data is provided.
Then to step down side short circuit, according to the selected temperature rise test first stage institute of the parameters such as transformer rated capacity
Apply total losses optimal test frequency and electric current, voltage magnitude, Transformer Winding is heated, make iron core and winding simultaneously
Heating, shortens the heat-stable time that transformer reaches temperature rise test requirement.
The invention discloses a kind of Three-Phase Distribution Transformers temperature-raising experimental method based on alternating low frequency heating, experiment is divided into
Two stages；
First stage applies maximum total losses in transformer, and transformer is operated in rated operation, detects transformer
Temperature rise.
Generated heat by Transformer Winding Temperature Rise and transformer core in this stage, be rapidly achieved transformer bulk temperature heat flat
Weighing apparatus, when rate of temperature change is less than 1K/h, and maintains 3h, it is believed that transformer temperature rise has been stablized, and takes the average value in last hour
It is transformer temperature rise.
Apply total losses experimental stage to terminate, after determining each spot temperature, the electric current being input into winding is down to volume immediately
Determine electric current, continue to test 1h, and continue to observe each spot temperature.Rated current 1h terminates, after the good each spot temperature of record, should
Electric current is minimized rapidly, is cut off the electricity supply, disconnect the line of test product and temperature rise test power supply, measure winding thermal resistance.
Quick deenergization during experiment termination, removes short-circuit line, and the accurate electricity for measuring first group within the time of 2 minutes
Resistance.Read once within every 30 seconds, record powers off resistance in 20 minutes, and transformer temperature rise curve is depicted according to thermal resistance.
Although above-mentioned be described with reference to accompanying drawing to specific embodiment of the invention, not to present invention protection model
The limitation enclosed, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme those skilled in the art are not
Need the various modifications made by paying creative work or deformation still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. it is a kind of based on alternating low frequency heating Three-Phase Distribution Transformers temperature rise test system, it is characterized in that, including：Three-phase and four-line
Low pressure input power, three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources, output signal acquisition module, temperature transducer module and master control list
Unit；
The three-phase and four-line low pressure input power, three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources and tested transformer are sequentially connected in series, institute
State output signal acquisition module and temperature transducer module to be connected with tested transformer respectively, the main control unit is adjustable with three-phase
Low-frequency variable-frequency power source, output signal acquisition module and temperature transducer module are connected respectively；
The main control unit according to output signal acquisition module, temperature transducer feedback signal to three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency electric
Source sends voltage regulation and frequency modulation instruction；
The three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources is according to transformer core excitation saturation curve, it is determined that tested transformer is in different frequencies
Corresponding saturation point magnitude of voltage under rate；Output frequency and magnitude of voltage are constantly adjusted according to the instruction for receiving simultaneously, to realize encouraging
Magnetic saturation, frequency, the balanced adjustment of voltage, realize that transformer core and winding are heated simultaneously during transformer temperature rise test.
2. a kind of Three-Phase Distribution Transformers temperature rise test system based on alternating low frequency heating as claimed in claim 1, it is special
Levying is, frequency modulation, pressurization are carried out to tested high voltage side of transformer winding using three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources, sets up transformer fe
Core excitation saturation curve, it is determined that transformer corresponding saturation point magnitude of voltage at different frequencies is tested, to determine transformer core
The maximum exciting current value of caloric value, heats to transformer core；
Then by step down side short circuit, applied always according to the transformer rated capacity parameter selected temperature rise test first stage
The optimal test frequency of loss, electric current and voltage magnitude, three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources produce three-phase adjustable ac source,
Step down side induces short circuit current, and adjustment low-frequency power is applied to the rated current of transformer, winding is heated.
3. a kind of Three-Phase Distribution Transformers temperature rise test system based on alternating low frequency heating as claimed in claim 2, it is special
Levying is, according to transformer core excitation saturation curve, it is determined that being tested transformer corresponding saturation point at different frequencies：Work as applying
Current value increases by 50%, and it is the flex point of exciting characteristic curve that the magnitude of voltage that excitation goes out increases when being not more than 10%.
4. a kind of Three-Phase Distribution Transformers temperature rise test system based on alternating low frequency heating as claimed in claim 1, it is special
Levying is, adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources is tested tested transformer with minimum voltage and low-limit frequency after upper electricity；
Output acquisition module collection is tested voltage, electric current, phase and the frequency information of transformer and feeds back to described information
Main control unit；
The transformer core and the temperature information of high and low pressure side winding that temperature transducer module will be collected feed back to master control list
Unit；
Main control unit constantly sends a command to three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources, three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency electric according to feedback information
Source constantly adjusts frequency and magnitude of voltage to realize the balanced adjustment of excitation saturation, frequency, voltage；When meeting transformer temperature rise test
Maximum total losses should be reached and the test current requirement that temperature keeps 1h is adjusted to nominal loss；
When temperature transducer detects tested transformer temperature reaches design temperature, reduce adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources output electricity
Pressure, while improving output frequency, it is ensured that output current fluctuates no more than 10% in the range of rated current.
5. it is a kind of based on alternating low frequency heating Three-Phase Distribution Transformers temperature-raising experimental method, it is characterized in that, including：
(1) apply maximum total losses in transformer, transformer is operated in rated operation, detection transformer oil iron core with
And the temperature rise of winding；
Frequency modulation, pressurization are carried out to tested high voltage side of transformer winding using three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources, transformer fe is set up
Core excitation saturation curve, it is determined that transformer corresponding saturation point magnitude of voltage at different frequencies is tested, to determine transformer core
The maximum exciting current value of caloric value, heats to transformer core；
Then by step down side short circuit, applied always according to the transformer rated capacity parameter selected temperature rise test first stage
The optimal test frequency of loss, electric current and voltage magnitude, three-phase adjustable low-frequency variable-frequency power sources produce three-phase adjustable ac source,
Step down side induces short circuit current, and adjustment low-frequency power is applied to the rated current of transformer, winding is heated；
(2) after determining each spot temperature, the electric current being input into winding is down to rated current immediately, continues to test 1h, and continue
Observe each spot temperature；
(3) rated current 1h terminates, and after the good each spot temperature of record, electric current is minimized rapidly, cuts off the electricity supply, and disconnects examination
Product and the line of temperature rise test power supply, measure winding thermal resistance；
(4) quick deenergization during experiment termination, removes short-circuit line, and the accurate resistance value for measuring winding in setting time；
Read once every setting time, record powers off the resistance value of winding in setting time section later, is retouched according to the resistance value for measuring
Draw transformer temperature rise curve.
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| CN108871602A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-23 | 浙江华电器材检测研究所有限公司 | A kind of method of automatic measurement dry-type distribution transformer temperature rise test overall process |
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