CN106841278A - A kind of intelligent evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment device and measuring method - Google Patents
A kind of intelligent evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106841278A CN106841278A CN201611004139.9A CN201611004139A CN106841278A CN 106841278 A CN106841278 A CN 106841278A CN 201611004139 A CN201611004139 A CN 201611004139A CN 106841278 A CN106841278 A CN 106841278A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/02—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering
- G01N25/12—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering of critical point; of other phase change
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of intelligent evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment device and measuring method, including positioned at the control process device and the heat insulation and heating equipment above cabinet of cabinet inside；Control process device is used for the quality information of the heating voltage, record heat time and collection heat insulation and heating equipment that stabilization is provided to the heat insulation and heating equipment；Control process device includes voltage-operated device and apparatus for measuring quality；Voltage-operated device includes the silicon controlled module, resistive heater, voltage transformer, bridge rectifier, A/D converter, microprocessor, the steering wheel that are sequentially connected with, constitutes close loop control circuit；Microprocessor rotates the stable regulation realized to silicon controlled module output voltage by controlling steering wheel；Apparatus for measuring quality is realized by pressure sensor；Heat insulation and heating equipment is realized using insulating pot principle.Intelligent evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment device proposed by the present invention does not need condenser, low cost, simple to operate, high precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to physics facility and electronic information technical field, specifically one kind is recorded and processed automatically
The device of related data in evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment.
Background technology
Heat of vaporization is a kind of physical property of material.Material is referred to as vaporization to the process that gaseous state is converted from liquid.Unit matter
The heat absorbed when the vaporizing liquid of amount is by synthermal steam is called the heat of vaporization of liquid.The measurement major part of heat of vaporization is adopted
Electricity consumption hot mixing condensation method.By conduit be input into condenser vaporized liquid vaporses in experiment by mixing condensation, is steamed
Vapour condenses within the condenser, measures liberated heat in the quality and condensation process of condensed fluid, it is possible to measure the vapour of liquid
Change heat.Not only equipment is complicated for the heat of vaporization of measurement liquid in this way, and operation is also inconvenient, and measurement result is uncertain
Degree is also than larger.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, Single-chip Controlling is based on it is an object of the invention to provide one kind, no
Condenser is needed, the experimental provision of related data in vaporizing liquid thermal measurement can be automatically recorded, concrete technical scheme is：
A kind of intelligent evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment device, including control process device, cabinet and heat insulation and heating equipment (plus
Hot water radiation wire resistance is R)；The control process device is located at the cabinet inside, and the heat insulation and heating equipment is located on cabinet
Face.
The control process device includes microprocessor, A/D converter, pressure sensor, voltage transformer, bridge rectifier
Device, steering wheel and silicon controlled module；The silicon controlled module, the voltage transformer, the bridge rectifier, A/D conversions
Device, the microprocessor are sequentially connected and connect, and the pressure sensor is connected with the microprocessor；The input of the steering wheel connects
The microprocessor is connect, the output end of the steering wheel connects the silicon controlled module.
Further, the microprocessor uses Freescale MK60DN512ZVLQ10 single-chip microcomputers；The A/D converter is adopted
Use HX711 modules；The pressure sensor uses CZL-A；The voltage transformer model SPT205B；The bridge rectifier
Device uses GBJ2510 rectifier bridge modules；The model FUTABA3010 of the steering wheel；The model of the silicon controlled module
BTA41600B。
The control process device is on the other hand real on the one hand by the output voltage of closed loop real-time control silicon controlled module
When the measurement liquid lost due to vaporization quality, experimental period is recorded by the internal clocking of the microprocessor, calculate
The numerical value of (calculating can be manually completed, and can be also automatically performed) evaporation heat of liquids, and information transfer is carried out and ancillary equipment between.
The control process device includes voltage control circuit and quality measurement circuit.The voltage control circuit such as Fig. 3
It is shown, including AC power, breaker K, silicon controlled module, resistive heater R, the current-limiting resistance R being sequentially connected1, voltage it is mutual
Sensor, bridge rectifier, sampling resistor R2, A/D converter, microprocessor and steering wheel, the output connection of wherein steering wheel is described can
Control silicon module, constitutes close loop control circuit.The live wire of the AC power connects the silicon controlled module by the breaker K
Input interface 1；The zero line of the AC power connects the silicon controlled module input interface 2；The silicon controlled module output connects
Mouth 1, the resistive heater R, the silicon controlled module output interface 2 are sequentially connected and connect；The silicon controlled module output interface 1
By the current-limiting resistance R1Connect side gusset 1 of the voltage transformer；The silicon controlled module output interface 2 connects institute
State side gusset 2 of voltage transformer；The voltage transformer secondary side node 1 connects the bridge rectifier exchange input and connects
Mouth 1；The voltage transformer secondary side node 2 connects the bridge rectifier exchange input interface 2；The bridge rectifier
The sampling resistor R is concatenated between 2 output interfaces2；The sampling resistor R2Two ends connect the A/D of the microprocessor respectively
Sampling pin PTC1 and grounding pin GND；The steering wheel input connects the output control signal PTA10 of the microprocessor；
The output of the steering wheel is mechanically connected with the knob of the silicon controlled module.
The quality measurement circuit is as shown in figure 4, including dc source, pressure sensor, A/D converter and microprocessor
Device.The input of the pressure sensor connects the dc source, and output connects microprocessor after A/D converter is changed；
Wherein, the A/D converter data wire connects the micro processor leg PTD6；The A/D converter clock line connection is described
Micro processor leg PTD7.
The resistive heater R is the heater element of heat insulation and heating equipment, and resistance is 40.1 Ω；The current-limiting resistance R1's
Resistance is 180K Ω, and power is 1W；The voltage transformer no-load voltage ratio is 1:3；The sampling resistor R2Resistance be 5.1K Ω, work(
Rate is 0.125W.
The silicon controlled module powers to realize heating, the current-limiting resistance after alternating current is changed to resistive heater R
R1For the big voltage signal U at the resistive heater R two ends to be changed into low current signal i；The work of the bridge rectifier
With being that to descend the exchange low current signal of both sides to change into waveform on a timeline the waveform of the voltage transformer secondary side equal
Square exchange low current signal on a timeline；The sampling resistor R2Effect be by the bridge rectifier rectification after it is small
Current signal changes into sampling resistor R2The small voltage signal at two ends；The A/D collections of the microprocessor are with PIT timings
Disconnected, interrupt cycle is 40ms；Each Interruption period between The following article carries out 40 A/D collections, and then 40 values for collecting are averaged, and obtains
The average value of voltage.The microprocessor realizes that the collection voltages of silicon controlled module and its theoretical voltage keep using PID control
Unanimously, and by controlling the rotation of steering wheel come the output voltage of real-time regulation silicon controlled module, silicon controlled module output is overcome
The fluctuation of voltage, constant pressure heating is carried out to resistive heater.
The current-limiting resistance R1With the sampling resistor R2Setting can adapt to the AC supply voltage peak value and
Voltage pulsation, it is ensured that the magnitude of voltage that the microprocessor is collected is less than 3.3V；The PIT timed interrupt cycles of the microprocessor
Setting disclosure satisfy that the ac power frequency fluctuation and PID control for time response requirement；The microprocessor
After the A/D times of collection of Interruption period between The following article can adapt to rectification the duration in each cycle and within the cycle times of collection to survey
The influence of accuracy of measurement.
The current-limiting resistance R1, the sampling resistor R2, it is described microprocessor I/O mouthfuls collection voltage VccIt is controllable with described
The average value U of silicon module output voltageAveragelyMeet following relationThe silicon controlled module output voltage has
Valid value UEffectivelyWith the average value U of the silicon controlled module output voltageAveragelyMeet following relationAccording to this pass
It is reasonable selection current-limiting resistance R1With sampling resistor R2Just the magnitude of voltage U of now silicon controlled module output can in real time be measured；It is described micro-
The Interruption PIT of processor can reach the precision of 1 microsecond, and under such error, microprocessor is drawn due to interrupt latency
The error for rising can be ignored completely；The PIT timed interrupt cycles of the microprocessor are 40ms, and such phase rings time energy
Enough meet the requirement of pid control algorithm；The duration of 40 A/D collections of the microprocessor is about 10ms by oscilloscope measurement,
A cycle i.e. after rectification.
The measured value of 40 A/D collections of the microprocessor and the error of theoretical value are estimated by MATLAB emulation.It is right
InSuch alternating voltage, in the interval of t ∈ [0,0.01], its virtual value is 1V, 40 unique steps
The value that sampling is measured is 0.9995, and error delta is 0.05%, be can be ignored completely.
A/D converter in the quality measurement circuit gathers the differential voltage at the pressure sensor electric bridge or so two ends
Signal, gathers after completing and amplifying signal, and the A/D converter can enter row information and exchange with the microprocessor, described micro-
Processor goes out quality now according to the signal of change for receiving.
The ancillary equipment is arranged on the case box, including power supply indicator, power switch, status indicator lamp,
State control button, liquid crystal display and parameter setting keys；The AC power, the power switch and the power supply indicator are suitable
It is secondary to be connected；The status indicator lamp, the state control button, the liquid crystal display and the parameter setting keys with it is described
Microprocessor is connected.
The 0~9 of the parameter setting keys connects the microprocessor PTB0~PTB9 pins, decimal key connection respectively
The microprocessor PTB10 pins, aligning key connects the microprocessor PTB11 pins, and mode key connects the microprocessor
PTB16 pins, peeling is bonded and connects the microprocessor PTB17 pins, and clear key connects the microprocessor PTB18 pins, really
Recognize to be bonded and connect the microprocessor PTB19 pins；The parameter setting keys 0~9 and decimal key are used for experiment parameter
Setting, the aligning key is used for the automatic calibration to experimental provision, to be used typically when being initialized to equipment before experiment
The button, the mode key is used for the selection of experiment model, is divided into automatic measurement and artificial reading both of which, the peeling key
For by current Quality numerical value zero setting, being easy to record Δ m in an experiment temporarily, the clear key is used to set previous step parameter by mistake
The corrigendum put, the acknowledgement key is used for the confirmation of the parameter value of current setting or for the pattern to current selection really
Recognize.
The liquid crystal display connects the microprocessor PTE1~PTE4 pins；During the liquid crystal display is used to show experimentation
Related data and the current state of experimental provision.
The start key of the state control button, stop key and record key connect respectively the microprocessor PTB20~
PTB22 pins；The state control button is used for the beginning of Control release and terminates.
The status indicator lamp connects microprocessor PTC0, PTC2 and PTC3 pin respectively；The status indicator lamp and institute
The state control button of stating is consistent, for indicating current operating state, when certain in the state control button is pressed
When, corresponding status indicator lamp will be lit.
The pressure sensor is arranged on the top in cabinet；Pressure is provided with above the corresponding cabinet of the pressure sensor
Sensor pallet and horizontal positioned.
The power supply indicator is used to indicate the power supply state of whole device；The power switch is used to control whole device
Power supply break-make.
The heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance is R) is realized using insulating pot principle, including heater power source
Interface, heater electromotion pilot lamp, insulation wall of cup, the cup lid with exhaust outlet, cup handle, heater power source pallet, heater bottom
Seat.The heater power source pallet is fixed on above the pressure sensor pallet and horizontal positioned, the heater power source
Interface is fixed on above the heater power source pallet；The heater support bottom centre is provided with groove；The heater bottom
Seat is placed on above the heater power source pallet, the heater power source interface is recessed with the heater support bottom centre
Groove is at a fully engaged；The insulation wall of cup is fixed on above the heater support；The heater electromotion pilot lamp is fixed on institute
State insulation wall of cup side；The insulation wall of cup side is fixed on, the cup lid with exhaust outlet is placed on described the cup
Above insulation wall of cup.
The heater electromotion pilot lamp shows to be incubated the power supply state of feeder apparatus (resistive heater resistance is R).
Based on said apparatus, the invention allows for a kind of vaporizing liquid thermal measurement method, comprise the following steps：
Step 1：Turn on the power switch, pressure sensor calibration is carried out after device initialization, make the reading that liquid crystal display is improved quality
Number is zero；
Step 2：The appropriate testing liquid of injection in heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance is R), then gently
It is placed on heater power source pallet；
Step 3：The output voltage for adjusting silicon controlled module is U1, read simultaneously after timing is started after liquid boiling and stabilization
Quality registration is m1, after elapsed time t, it is m that quality registration is read again2, the heat that testing liquid is outwardly distributed is Q1；
Step 4：The output voltage for adjusting silicon controlled module is U2, repeat step 3 obtains qualitative data m3、m4And prepare liquid
The heat Q that body is distributed2；
Step 5：Power supply is closed, cleaning heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance is R) arranges experimental provision.
Step 6：Power supply acting expression formula (1) (2), wherein A are set up according to law of conservation of energy1、A2Represent power supply acting：
Due to when the heat time is identical twice in step 3,4 and external environment change is not obvious, can be approximate radiating twice
Regard as it is identical, i.e.,：
Q1=Q2 (3)
Step 7：The expression formula (4) of the heat of vaporization of liquid is obtained by formula (1)-(2) of step 6, is measured by step 3,4
Data, the value of evaporation heat of liquids can be calculated using the heat of vaporization expression formula：
Compared to the prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Traditional vaporizing liquid measurement device needs the need of work of condenser, condenser to consume substantial amounts of water resource,
And experimental facilities is complicated, inconvenient operation, the uncertainty of measurement result is also than larger；Intelligent vaporizing liquid proposed by the present invention
Thermal measurement experimental provision low cost, simple to operate, high precision；Operator both can test number according to the read-record of liquid crystal display
According to calculating heat of vaporization, it is also possible to the heat of vaporization numerical value calculated by single-chip microcomputer is directly read at the end of experiment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the front elevation of intelligence evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment device of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the stereogram of intelligence evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment device of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the controllable silicon output voltage controlling circuit block diagram in intelligence evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment device of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the heat insulation and heating equipment quality measurement circuit frame in intelligence evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment device of the invention
Figure.
Marked in figure, 1- heater power sources, 2- heater electromotion pilot lamps, 3- insulation wall of cups, cups of the 4- with exhaust outlet
Lid, 5- glasss of handle, 6- heater supports, 7- heater power source pallets, 8- pressure sensor pallets, 9- status indicator lamps, 10- states
Control button, 11- power supply indicators, 12- power switches, 13- cabinets, 14- liquid crystal displays, 15- parameter setting keys.
Specific embodiment
State first：In the description of the invention, it is to be understood that term " " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", " on ",
The orientation or position of the instruction such as D score, "front", "rear", "left", "right", " vertical ", " level ", " top ", " bottom ", " interior ", " outward "
Relation is, based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, to be for only for ease of the description present invention and simplify description, without referring to
Show or imply that the device or element of meaning with specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore must can not be managed
It is limitation of the present invention to solve.Additionally, term " first ", " second " are only used for describing purpose, and it is not intended that indicating or dark
Show relative importance or the implicit quantity for indicating indicated technical characteristic.Thus, " first ", the feature of " second " are defined
Can express or implicitly include one or more this feature.
The present invention proposes a kind of intelligent evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment device as shown in Figure 1, 2, including on cabinet
The heat insulation and heating equipment in face, the electric control gear of cabinet inside.The electric control gear of whole experimental provision is tied with microprocessor as core
Close A/D converter, pressure sensor, voltage transformer, bridge rectifier, steering wheel, silicon controlled module and temperature detecting module, shape
The groups such as state indicator lamp 9, state control button 10, power supply indicator 11, power switch 12, liquid crystal display 14 and parameter setting keys 15
Into (as shown in Figure 3).
Microprocessor sends A/D acquisition instructions, A/D converter detection pressure sensor or so two ends to A/D converter
Differential voltage, after the completion of collection, transfers data to microprocessor, and microprocessor can go out this according to the numerical computations of differential voltage
When object quality.Microprocessor can also be constantly to heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance is R) both sides through mutual induction of voltage
After device scaled down, then A/D collections are carried out by the real-time voltage value after bridge rectifier rectification, then according to formula：And the minification of voltage, collection voltages value is converted to real voltage value, by actual value now
Voltage is compared with the desired value of setting, and with pid algorithm, control steering wheel beats angle, so as to control the access electricity of controllable silicon
Resistance, finally realizes the purpose of controlled output voltage.Silicon controlled module, voltage transformer, bridge rectifier, microprocessor and steering wheel
Realize the closed-loop control to voltage so that voltage control is more stable, accurate, quick.
Status indicator lamp 9 is used to indicate the state in experimentation.State control button 10 include start key, stop key,
Record key, button is used for the beginning of Control release and terminates.Power supply indicator 11 is used to indicate the power supply state of whole device.Electricity
Source switch 12 is used to control the power supply state of whole device.Liquid crystal display 14 is used to show the related data in experimentation.Parameter
Setting button 15 includes numerical key 0~9, decimal key, aligning key, mode key, peeling key, clear key, acknowledgement key, and button is used for
The setting of parameter and switching experiment model.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the heat insulation and heating equipment of experimental provision be located at cabinet 13 above, including heater power source 1, plus
Hot device electromotion pilot lamp 2, insulation wall of cup 3, the cup lid 4, cup with exhaust outlet are 5, heater support 6, heater power source pallet
7.Heater power source 1 is made up of three sheet metals, and each sheet metal connects a wire, and wire passes through heater power source pallet 7
Live wire, ground wire and the zero line in connection cabinet 13, heater power source 1 is fixed in the groove of heater power source pallet 7 respectively,
Three wires are placed in the space of heater power source pallet 7；Heater electromotion pilot lamp 2 is fixed on the on the lower side of insulation wall of cup 3
Side position, inside is connected by wire with heater support 6；Insulation wall of cup 3 and the interference fit of heater support 6, blending bolt
It is fixed；There is screw thread in cup lid 4 with exhaust outlet, can be with the insulation threaded engagement of wall of cup 3；Cup is arranged on heater and is powered and refers to 5
Show lamp 2 on the axisymmetric position of insulation wall of cup 3, cup is placed on 5 two ends in the groove of insulation wall of cup 3, and blending bolt is fixed；
The centrally under of heater support 6 is provided with groove, can be engaged with the three of heater power source 1 sheet metals；Heater power source support
Disk 7 is placed in the groove of the upper pressure sensor pallet 8 of cabinet 13, and blending bolt is fixed.The peripheral control of experimental provision sets
Standby front, above and right flank positioned at cabinet, including pressure sensor pallet 8, status indicator lamp 9, state control button
10th, power supply indicator 11, power switch 12, liquid crystal display 14, parameter setting keys 15.Pressure sensor pallet 8 is erected at pressure
Above sensor, pallet surrounding has 4 grooves, is engaged with four fulcrums of pressure sensor；Status indicator lamp 9 is embedded into machine
In three apertures before case 13, inside is connected by wire with microprocessor；State control button 10 is fixed on cabinet 13
Above, inside is connected with microprocessor；Power supply indicator 11 is embedded into the aperture on the right side of cabinet 13, and inside is by wire and electricity
Source switch 12 is connected；Power switch 12 is fixed on the right flank of cabinet 13, the power line of attachment means；Liquid crystal display 14 uses seccotine
It is pasted onto in the above reserved groove of cabinet 13, inside is connected by wire with microprocessor；Parameter setting keys 15 use bolt
It is fixed on before cabinet 13 from inside.
Need to pass heat insulation and heating equipment from pressure before evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment is implemented (resistive heater resistance is R)
Removed on sensor pallet 8；12 are turned on the power switch, whether the observation reading that now liquid crystal display 14 is improved quality is zero, if not zero,
It is then long to press " calibration " button, make reading zero setting；500g standard test weights are placed on above pressure sensor pallet 8, treat that quality is read
" calibration " button is pressed after number stabilization, device can automatically carry out mass calibration；After waiting the several seconds, 500g counterweights are removed, be put into
Weight box；Heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance is R) is gently placed on pressure sensor pallet 8, treats that reading is steady
Quality m now is read after fixed0The as quality of heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance be R)；Again by Heat preservation
Device (resistive heater resistance is R) is removed from pressure sensor pallet 8, and (resistive heater hinders in heat insulation and heating equipment
It is R to be worth) the appropriate testing liquid of interior injection, heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance is R) is gently then placed on pressure
On force snesor pallet 8；" pattern " button under several, can see both of which on liquid crystal display 14：Automatic measurement, people's part work and part study
Number, is alternately shown, corresponding pattern is entered by pressing " confirmation " button；
The present apparatus provides automatic measurement and artificial reading both of which measurement evaporation heat of liquids.
Implement example 1：Automatic measurement
After the completion of calibration, the appropriate testing liquid of injection in heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance is R), then
Gently it is placed on heater power source pallet, then by " pattern " button selection mode under several, is pressed " really after choosing automatic measurement
Recognize " button carries out evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment into automatic measurement pattern.
Microprocessor can follow the steps below experiment after into automatic mode：
1. the voltage that microprocessor regulation is added in heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance is R) two ends is maximum,
Heating 10 minutes；
2. the voltage that microprocessor regulation is added in heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance is R) two ends is U1, heating 5
Minute；
3. microprocessor records quality now is m1And start countdown, recording quality m again after t2；
4. the voltage that microprocessor regulation is added in heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance is R) two ends is zero, waits 1
Minute；
5. the voltage that microprocessor regulation is added in heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance is R) two ends is U2, heating 5
Minute；
6. microprocessor records quality now is m3And start countdown, recording quality m again after t4。
7. microprocessor Control release stops, the power supply of cut-out heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance is R), according to
Formula：The heat of vaporization of the liquid is calculated, and measurement result is included on liquid crystal display.
Implement example 2：Artificial reading
After the completion of calibration, heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance is R) is gently placed on heater power source pallet
On, after " peeling " button is pressed after quality readings stabilization, heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance is R) is removed, in insulation
The appropriate testing liquid of injection, is then gently placed on heater power source pallet in heater (resistive heater resistance is R)
On, then by " pattern " button selection mode under several, to choose and press " confirmation " button after artificial reading and enter artificial reading mode
Carry out evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment.
Can be tested according to the following steps after into artificial reading：
1. two magnitude of voltage U are set1And U2, and experimental period t；
2. " startup " button is pressed, and microprocessor can will be added in heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance is R) two ends
Voltage-regulation be U1；
3. several minutes are waited, " record " button is pressed when liquid vapour is uniformly discharged from exhaust outlet, and read now
Quality m1；
4. microprocessor starts countdown, and in the liquid crystal screen display corresponding time, dig-ins liquid crystal display, and in t
Afterwards, quality m is read again2；
5. the voltage-regulation that microprocessor can will be added in heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance is R) two ends is zero,
Into wait state；
6., after " startup " button is pressed after liquid not reboiling again, now microprocessor can will be added in heat insulation and heating equipment
The voltage-regulation at (resistive heater resistance is R) two ends is U2；
7. several minutes are waited, " record " button is pressed when liquid vapour is uniformly discharged from exhaust outlet, and read now
Quality m3；
8. microprocessor starts countdown, and in the liquid crystal screen display corresponding time, dig-ins liquid crystal display, and in t
Afterwards, quality m is read again4；
9. after countdown terminates, microprocessor can cut off the power supply of heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance is R)；
10. after the completion of testing, cut off the electricity supply, and heat insulation and heating equipment (resistive heater resistance is R) is cleaned；
11. according to formula：Calculate the heat of vaporization of the liquid.
By taking water as an example, by testing repeatedly, the output voltage U of silicon controlled module is in 60~75V (depending on the heat insulating ability of heater
Depending on energy) in the range of, effect be it is optimal, now water can both keep boiling, again will not because boiling too acutely and spill and
Produce dangerous.Setting voltage U1=70V, U2=65V, time t=120s；Record data in experiment：m1=2031.5g, m2=
2025.7g, m3=2014.2g, m4=2009.3g；Resistive heater resistance value R is measured for 40.1 Ω by Wheatstone bridge method；Will
The heat of vaporization that experimental data substitution (4) formula can try to achieve water is 2244J/g.As can be seen here, experimental provision precision of the present invention is higher.
The above is only used for describing technical scheme, and the protection domain being not intended to limit the present invention is answered
Understand, on the premise of without prejudice to substance of the invention and spirit, change, improve and all generals such as equivalent
Fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of intelligent evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment device, it is characterised in that including：Control process positioned at cabinet inside are filled
Put and the heat insulation and heating equipment above cabinet；The control process device is used to provide stabilization to the heat insulation and heating equipment
Heating voltage, record the heat time and collection heat insulation and heating equipment quality information；
The control process device includes voltage-operated device and apparatus for measuring quality；The voltage-operated device includes sequentially connecting
Silicon controlled module, resistive heater, voltage transformer, bridge rectifier, A/D converter and the microprocessor for connecing, micro- place
The input of the output connection steering wheel of reason device, the output of the steering wheel connects the silicon controlled module, constitutes close loop control circuit；Institute
Silicon controlled module is stated for providing heating voltage to the resistive heater；The voltage signal of the resistance wire is mutual through voltage successively
A/D is carried out by the microprocessor after sensor, bridge rectifier and collects collection voltages；The microprocessor passes through control flaps
Machine rotates the stable regulation realized to silicon controlled module output voltage；
The apparatus for measuring quality includes the pressure sensor, A/D converter and the microprocessor that are sequentially connected with；The pressure sensing
Device gives microprocessor after the quality information of the heat insulation and heating equipment of perception is changed through A/D；
The heat insulation and heating equipment is used to hold testing liquid and testing liquid is heated.
2. a kind of intelligent evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the voltage control
Device processed also includes current-limiting resistance R1, sampling resistor R2；The current-limiting resistance R1Voltage transformer input is serially connected in, for inciting somebody to action
Big voltage signal is converted to low current signal；The sampling resistor R2The output end of rectification circuit is connected in parallel on, for by low current
Signal is converted to small voltage signal.
3. a kind of intelligent evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the steering wheel can
Replaced with using stepper motor or servomotor.
4. a kind of intelligent evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the microprocessor
Device realizes closed-loop control using PID；The heat insulation and heating equipment is realized using insulating pot principle.
5. a kind of intelligent evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the microprocessor
Device uses Freescale MK60DN512ZVLQ10 single-chip microcomputers；The A/D converter uses HX711；The bridge rectifier is used
GBJ2510；The voltage transformer model SPT205B；The model BTA41600B of the silicon controlled module；The pressure
Sensor uses CZL-A.
6. a kind of intelligent evaporation heat of liquids measurement experiment device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also including periphery
Equipment；The ancillary equipment is arranged on the case box, including status indicator lamp, state control button, power supply indicator,
Power switch, liquid crystal display and parameter setting keys；The status indicator lamp, the state control button, the liquid crystal display and institute
Parameter setting keys are stated to be connected with the microprocessor.
7. the measuring method of the evaporation heat of liquids according to claim 1-6 any one described devices, it is characterised in that including：
Step 1：Turn on the power switch, the calibration of pressure sensor is carried out after device initialization, make the reading that liquid crystal display is improved quality
It is zero；
Step 2：Appropriate testing liquid is injected in heat insulation and heating equipment；
Step 3：The output voltage for adjusting silicon controlled module is U1, quality is read simultaneously after timing is started after liquid boiling and stabilization
Registration is m1, after elapsed time t, it is m that quality registration is read again2, the heat that testing liquid is outwardly distributed is set to Q1；
Step 4：The output voltage for adjusting silicon controlled module is U2, repeat step 3 obtains qualitative data m3、m4Dissipated with testing liquid
The heat of hair is set to Q2；
Step 5：Power supply is closed, heat insulation and heating equipment is cleaned, experimental provision is arranged；
Step 6：Power supply acting expression formula, wherein A are set up according to law of conservation of energy1、A2Power supply acting is represented, R represents heating electricity
Hinder the resistance of silk：
Step 7：The expression formula of the heat of vaporization of liquid is obtained by the expression formula of step 6Using step
Rapid 3,4 data for measuring and the heat of vaporization expression formula of foundation can be calculated the value of evaporation heat of liquids.
8. the measuring method of evaporation heat of liquids according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the resistive heater resistance is led to
Cross Wheatstone bridge method and measure numerical value.
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