CN106840916A - A kind of experimental rig and method for testing asphalt material shearing strength - Google Patents
A kind of experimental rig and method for testing asphalt material shearing strength Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011275 tar sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011384 asphalt concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种抗剪强度的试验装置及方法，具体涉及一种测试沥青材料抗剪强度的试验装置及方法。The invention relates to a test device and method for shear strength, in particular to a test device and method for testing the shear strength of asphalt materials.
背景技术Background technique
在道路工程中，沥青路面的破坏形式多种多样，原因不尽相同，其中沥青混合料的强度和稳定性起了至关重要的作用，在因混合料破坏而引起的路面损坏中，主要归结于混合料的剪切破坏，其中混合料的剪切破坏主要是沥青本身的剪切破坏以及沥青与集料接触表面的剪切剥落。In road engineering, the damage of asphalt pavement is various and the reasons are not the same. Among them, the strength and stability of the asphalt mixture play a vital role. In the pavement damage caused by the damage of the mixture, it mainly comes down to The shear failure of the mixture is mainly the shear failure of the asphalt itself and the shear spalling of the contact surface between the asphalt and the aggregate.
沥青混凝土是由沥青、集料和空隙组成的复杂体系，引入沥青砂概念之后，该体系则可简化成粗集料、沥青砂和空隙，其中，沥青砂由沥青基体和2.36mm以下细集料组成，因此研究沥青及沥青砂的抗剪强度对于分析沥青混合料性能有重大意义。Asphalt concrete is a complex system composed of asphalt, aggregates and voids. After introducing the concept of asphalt sand, the system can be simplified into coarse aggregate, asphalt sand and voids. Among them, asphalt sand is composed of asphalt matrix and fine aggregate below 2.36mm Therefore, it is of great significance to study the shear strength of asphalt and tar sand for analyzing the performance of asphalt mixture.
现有的剪切装置和方法主要针对于沥青混合料，并且侧重于剪应力和变形的研究，目前常见的剪切试验有三轴试验、Superpave剪切试验、斜剪试验、单轴贯入试验、中空圆柱体剪切试验和同轴剪切试验等。在研究沥青混合料剪应力与变形时，上述方法各有优缺点，上述方法并不适用于单纯研究沥青和沥青砂材料的抗剪强度。Existing shear devices and methods are mainly aimed at asphalt mixture, and focus on the study of shear stress and deformation. Currently, common shear tests include triaxial test, Superpave shear test, oblique shear test, uniaxial penetration test, Hollow cylinder shear test and coaxial shear test, etc. When studying the shear stress and deformation of asphalt mixture, the above methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the above methods are not suitable for simply studying the shear strength of asphalt and asphalt sand materials.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供了一种测试沥青材料抗剪强度的试验装置及方法，该装置及方法能够准确的测量出沥青及沥青砂材料的抗剪强度。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming of prior art, provide a kind of test device and method for testing the shear strength of asphalt material, this device and method can accurately measure the shear strength of asphalt and asphalt sand material.
为达到上述目的，本发明所述的测试沥青材料抗剪强度的试验装置包括控制器、环境箱以及设于环境箱内的支撑板、立柱、试模、动力箱、传动轴、伸缩套管及剪切头；In order to achieve the above object, the test device for testing the shear strength of asphalt materials according to the present invention includes a controller, an environmental chamber and a support plate, a column, a test mold, a power box, a transmission shaft, a telescopic sleeve and a cutting head;
支撑板固定于环境箱的底部，立柱的下端及试模固定于支撑板上，动力箱固定于立柱的上端，待试验沥青材料填充于试模内，传动轴的上端与动力箱的输出轴相连接，传动轴的下端插入于待试验沥青材料内，且剪切头固定于传动轴的下端，动力箱内设有用于测量剪切头受到的剪切力矩的检测系统，伸缩套管套接于传动轴的外壁上，控制器与动力箱的控制端及检测系统的输出端相连接。The support plate is fixed on the bottom of the environmental chamber, the lower end of the column and the test mold are fixed on the support plate, the power box is fixed on the upper end of the column, the asphalt material to be tested is filled in the test mold, and the upper end of the transmission shaft is connected to the output shaft of the power box. connection, the lower end of the drive shaft is inserted into the asphalt material to be tested, and the shear head is fixed on the lower end of the drive shaft, the power box is equipped with a detection system for measuring the shear torque of the shear head, and the telescopic sleeve is sleeved on the On the outer wall of the transmission shaft, the controller is connected with the control end of the power box and the output end of the detection system.
所述控制器包括显示器及控制台，控制台与显示器、检测系统及动力箱相连接。The controller includes a display and a console, and the console is connected with the display, the detection system and the power box.
伸缩套管的上端与动力箱的底部通过螺纹连接。The upper end of the telescopic sleeve is connected with the bottom of the power box by threads.
传动轴下端的侧面设有针状的凸起，伸缩套管的外壁上设有与所述凸起相配合的通孔，凸起内嵌于所述通孔内，伸缩套管的外壁上设有用于封堵所述通孔的孔塞。The side of the lower end of the transmission shaft is provided with a needle-shaped protrusion, and the outer wall of the telescopic sleeve is provided with a through hole matched with the protrusion, and the protrusion is embedded in the through hole, and the outer wall of the telescopic sleeve is provided with a There is a plug for plugging the through hole.
所述剪切头为十字形剪切头、圆锥形剪切头或纺锤形剪切头。The cutting head is a cross-shaped cutting head, a conical cutting head or a spindle-shaped cutting head.
剪切头与传动轴之间通过螺纹连接。The cutting head and the drive shaft are connected by threads.
立柱通过底座固定于支撑板上。The column is fixed on the support plate through the base.
本发明所述的测试沥青材料抗剪强度的试验方法包括以下步骤：The test method of testing asphalt material shear strength of the present invention comprises the following steps:
控制器控制动力箱进行工作，动力箱带动传动轴转动，传动轴带动剪切头在待试验沥青材料内进行剪切，检测系统实时检测剪切头受到的剪切力矩及剪应力，并将剪切头受到的剪切力矩发送至控制器中，控制器根据剪切头受到的剪切力矩绘制剪切头的扭矩曲线，当剪切头的扭矩曲线出现峰值，控制器控制动力箱停止工作，控制器根据剪切头的扭矩曲线出现峰值时的剪切力矩计算待试验沥青材料的抗剪强度。The controller controls the power box to work, the power box drives the transmission shaft to rotate, and the transmission shaft drives the shear head to cut in the asphalt material to be tested. The detection system detects the shear torque and shear stress of the shear head in real time, and sends the shear The shearing torque received by the cutting head is sent to the controller, and the controller draws the torque curve of the cutting head according to the shearing torque received by the cutting head. When the torque curve of the cutting head has a peak value, the controller controls the power box to stop working. The controller calculates the shear strength of the asphalt material to be tested according to the shear moment when the torque curve of the shear head appears a peak.
本发明具有以下有益效果：The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明所述的测试沥青材料抗剪强度的试验装置及方法在具体操作时，采用主动剪切的方法，利用动力箱通过传动轴带动剪切头在待测试沥青材料内进行剪切，同时通过检测系统实时检测剪切头受到的剪切力矩，并绘制剪切头的扭矩曲线，然后控制器根据剪切头的扭矩曲线达到峰值时对应的剪切力矩计算待试验沥青材料的抗剪强度，操作简单，能够适用于包括沥青及沥青砂材料在内的各种沥青材料，应用较为广泛。The test device and method for testing the shear strength of asphalt materials according to the present invention adopt the method of active shearing during specific operation, and use the power box to drive the shearing head through the transmission shaft to shear in the asphalt material to be tested, and simultaneously pass The detection system detects the shearing torque of the shearing head in real time, and draws the torque curve of the shearing head, and then the controller calculates the shear strength of the asphalt material to be tested according to the corresponding shearing torque when the torque curve of the shearing head reaches its peak value, The operation is simple, and it can be applied to various asphalt materials including asphalt and asphalt sand materials, and has a wide range of applications.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2为本发明中控制器的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the controller in the present invention.
其中，1为动力箱、2为传动轴、3为伸缩套管、4为待试验沥青材料、5为剪切头、6为数据线、7为立柱、8为试模、9为底座、10为支撑板、11为环境箱、12为控制台、13为显示器。Among them, 1 is the power box, 2 is the transmission shaft, 3 is the telescopic sleeve, 4 is the asphalt material to be tested, 5 is the cutting head, 6 is the data line, 7 is the column, 8 is the test mold, 9 is the base, 10 11 is an environment box, 12 is a console, and 13 is a monitor.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述：The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
参考图1，本发明所述的测试沥青材料抗剪强度的试验装置包括控制器、环境箱11以及设于环境箱11内的支撑板10、立柱7、试模8、动力箱1、传动轴2、伸缩套管3及剪切头5；支撑板10固定于环境箱11的底部，立柱7的下端及试模8固定于支撑板10上，动力箱1固定于立柱7的上端，待试验沥青材料4填充于试模8内，传动轴2的上端与动力箱1的输出轴相连接，传动轴2的下端插入于待试验沥青材料4内，且剪切头5固定于传动轴2的下端，动力箱1内设有用于测量剪切头5受到的剪切力矩的检测系统，伸缩套管3套接于传动轴2的外壁上，控制器与动力箱1的控制端及检测系统的输出端相连接。With reference to Fig. 1, the testing device of testing bituminous material shear strength described in the present invention comprises controller, environmental box 11 and the support plate 10, column 7, trial mold 8, power box 1, power transmission shaft that are located in the environment box 11 2. The telescopic sleeve 3 and the shearing head 5; the support plate 10 is fixed on the bottom of the environmental box 11, the lower end of the column 7 and the test mold 8 are fixed on the support plate 10, and the power box 1 is fixed on the upper end of the column 7, to be tested The asphalt material 4 is filled in the test mold 8, the upper end of the transmission shaft 2 is connected to the output shaft of the power box 1, the lower end of the transmission shaft 2 is inserted into the asphalt material 4 to be tested, and the shear head 5 is fixed on the bottom of the transmission shaft 2. At the lower end, the power box 1 is provided with a detection system for measuring the shear torque received by the shear head 5. The telescopic sleeve 3 is sleeved on the outer wall of the transmission shaft 2, and the controller is connected with the control end of the power box 1 and the detection system. The output is connected.
所述控制器包括显示器13及控制台12，控制台12与显示器13、检测系统及动力箱1相连接；伸缩套管3的上端与动力箱1的底部通过螺纹连接；传动轴2下端的侧面设有针状的凸起，伸缩套管3的外壁上设有与所述凸起相配合的通孔，凸起内嵌于所述通孔内，伸缩套管3的外壁上设有用于封堵所述通孔的孔塞；剪切头5为十字形剪切头、圆锥形剪切头或纺锤形剪切头；剪切头5与传动轴2之间通过螺纹连接；立柱7通过底座9固定于支撑板10上。Described controller comprises display 13 and console 12, and console 12 is connected with display 13, detection system and power box 1; Needle-shaped protrusions are provided, and the outer wall of the telescopic sleeve 3 is provided with a through hole matched with the protrusion, and the protrusion is embedded in the through hole, and the outer wall of the telescopic sleeve 3 is provided with a sealing A hole plug for blocking the through hole; the cutting head 5 is a cross-shaped cutting head, a conical cutting head or a spindle-shaped cutting head; the cutting head 5 and the transmission shaft 2 are connected by threads; the column 7 passes through the base 9 is fixed on the support plate 10.
本发明所述的测试沥青材料抗剪强度的试验方法包括以下步骤：The test method of testing asphalt material shear strength of the present invention comprises the following steps:
控制器控制动力箱1进行工作，动力箱1带动传动轴2转动，传动轴2带动剪切头5在待试验沥青材料4内进行剪切，检测系统实时检测剪切头5受到的剪切力矩，并将剪切头5受到的剪切力矩发送至控制器中，控制器根据剪切头5受到的剪切力矩绘制剪切头5的扭矩曲线，当剪切头5的扭矩曲线出现峰值，控制器控制动力箱1停止工作，此时控制器根据剪切头5的扭矩曲线出现峰值时的剪切力矩计算待试验沥青材料4的抗剪强度。The controller controls the power box 1 to work, the power box 1 drives the transmission shaft 2 to rotate, the transmission shaft 2 drives the shear head 5 to cut in the asphalt material 4 to be tested, and the detection system detects the shear torque received by the shear head 5 in real time , and send the shear torque received by the shear head 5 to the controller, and the controller draws the torque curve of the shear head 5 according to the shear torque received by the shear head 5. When the torque curve of the shear head 5 has a peak value, The controller controls the power box 1 to stop working. At this time, the controller calculates the shear strength of the asphalt material 4 to be tested according to the shearing torque when the torque curve of the shearing head 5 peaks.
检测系统通过数据线6与控制器相连接。The detection system is connected with the controller through the data line 6 .
动力箱1的动力来自外部电源，由齿轮进行传动使传动轴2旋转，传动轴2的外部为齿轮设计，在主动齿轮的带动下对待试验沥青材料4进行剪切；伸缩套管3主要作用在于将传动轴2和外部环境隔绝开，一方面保证内部传动轴2的清洁，另一方面能够减少实验中沥青材料和传动轴2的接触，从而降低除剪切作用之外的能耗，提高试验精度，伸缩套管3可根据需要进行上下伸缩，在试验中，各节套管自然下垂即可。The power of the power box 1 comes from an external power supply, which is driven by gears to rotate the transmission shaft 2. The outside of the transmission shaft 2 is designed as a gear, and the asphalt material 4 to be tested is sheared under the drive of the driving gear; the main function of the telescopic sleeve 3 is to Isolate the transmission shaft 2 from the external environment, on the one hand, ensure the cleanliness of the internal transmission shaft 2, and on the other hand, reduce the contact between the asphalt material and the transmission shaft 2 in the experiment, thereby reducing energy consumption except for shearing, and improving the test efficiency. Accuracy, the telescopic sleeve 3 can be stretched up and down according to the needs, and in the test, each section of the sleeve can be sagging naturally.
立柱7垂直于底座9，承受在剪切过程中由剪切头5传递到动力箱1上的扭矩；试模8具有耐高温特性，可用于沥青材料的加热融化过程。试模8内壁应清洁，在试验过程中能够使沥青和其他待测材料很好地粘附，从而保证旋转剪切头5能够将待试验沥青材料4剪切成型。The column 7 is perpendicular to the base 9 and bears the torque transmitted from the shear head 5 to the power box 1 during the shearing process; the test mold 8 has high temperature resistance and can be used in the heating and melting process of asphalt materials. The inner wall of the test mold 8 should be clean, and the asphalt and other materials to be tested can be well adhered during the test, so as to ensure that the rotating shear head 5 can shear the asphalt material 4 to be tested into shape.
试模8的底边采用矩形设计，其尺寸与底座9卡口尺寸相当，则试模8可与底座9相契合，从而保证在试验过程中试模8被固定；环境箱11可以提供不同的温度环境，模拟实际应用中不同气温下沥青的状态和性能，用于测定不同温度条件下沥青的抗剪强度。The bottom edge of the test mold 8 adopts a rectangular design, and its size is equivalent to the bayonet size of the base 9, so the test mold 8 can fit the base 9, thereby ensuring that the test mold 8 is fixed during the test; the environmental chamber 11 can provide different The temperature environment simulates the state and performance of asphalt under different temperatures in practical applications, and is used to determine the shear strength of asphalt under different temperature conditions.
当剪切头5为十字形剪切头5时，设沥青剪切破坏时所施加的扭矩为M，则它应该与剪切破坏圆柱侧面和圆柱上下面沥青的抗剪强度所产生的抵抗力矩相等，即：When the shear head 5 is a cross-shaped shear head 5, assuming that the applied torque is M when the asphalt is sheared and damaged, it should be the same as the resisting moment produced by the shear strength of the asphalt on the side of the sheared failure cylinder and the upper and lower sides of the cylinder. equal, that is:
其中，τ侧及τ底分别为剪切破坏时圆柱体侧面和上、下底面沥青的抗剪强度(kPa)；H为十字形剪切头的高度(m)；D为十字形剪切头的直径(m)。Among them, τside and τbottom are the shear strength of the asphalt on the side of the cylinder and the upper and lower bottom surfaces in shear failure (kPa); H is the height of the cross-shaped shear head (m); D is the cross-shaped shear head diameter (m).
设常温下的沥青材料为各向同性的，即τ侧＝τ底，并记作τ总，则上式可写成：Assuming that the asphalt material at normal temperature is isotropic, that is, τ side = τ bottom , and recorded as τ total , then the above formula can be written as:
其中，τ总为十字形剪切头测定的沥青材料的抗剪强度(kPa)。Among them, τ is always the shear strength (kPa) of the asphalt material measured by the cross-shaped shear head.
当剪切头5为圆锥形剪切头时，设沥青剪切破坏时所施加的扭矩为M，则圆锥形剪切头5应该与剪切破坏圆锥侧面和圆锥底面沥青的抗剪强度所产生的抵抗力矩相等，即：When the shear head 5 is a conical shear head, if the applied torque is M when the asphalt is sheared and damaged, then the conical shear head 5 should be the same as that produced by the shear strength of the asphalt on the side of the cone and the bottom of the cone. The resistance moments are equal, that is:
其中，τ侧及τ底分别为剪切破坏时圆锥体侧面和底面沥青的抗剪强度(kPa)；H为圆锥形剪切头的高度(m)；D为圆锥形剪切头的直径(m)。Among them, τ side and τ bottom are the shear strength of asphalt on the side and bottom of the cone in shear failure (kPa); H is the height of the conical shear head (m); D is the diameter of the conical shear head ( m).
设常温下的沥青材料为各向同性的，即τ侧＝τ底，并记作τ总，则有Assuming that the asphalt material at normal temperature is isotropic, that is, τside = τbottom , and denoted as τtotal , then we have
其中，τ总为圆锥形剪切头测定的沥青材料的抗剪强度(kPa)。Among them, τ is always the shear strength (kPa) of the asphalt material measured by the conical shear head.
当剪切头5为纺锤形剪切头时，设沥青剪切破坏时所施加的扭矩为M，则它应该与剪切破坏纺锤体的圆柱侧面和锥形底面沥青的抗剪强度所产生的抵抗力矩相等，即：When the shearing head 5 is a spindle-shaped shearing head, if the applied torque is M when the asphalt is sheared and damaged, it should be the same as the shear strength of the cylindrical side of the spindle and the shear strength of the tapered bottom surface of the asphalt. The resistance moments are equal, that is:
其中，τ侧、τ底分别为剪切破坏时纺锤体侧面和底面沥青的抗剪强度(kPa)；H为纺锤形剪切头5的高度(m)；h为纺锤形剪切头5圆柱体部分高度(m)；D为纺锤形剪切头5的直径(m)。Among them, τside and τbottom are the shear strength of the asphalt on the side and bottom of the spindle when shearing failure (kPa); H is the height (m) of the spindle-shaped shear head 5; h is the cylinder of the spindle-shaped shear head 5 Body part height (m); D is the diameter (m) of spindle-shaped shearing head 5.
设常温下的沥青材料为各向同性的，即τ侧＝τ底，并记作τ总，则有Assuming that the asphalt material at normal temperature is isotropic, that is, τside = τbottom , and denoted as τtotal , then we have
其中，τ总为纺锤形剪切头测定的沥青的抗剪强度(kPa)。Among them, τ is the shear strength of asphalt measured by the spindle shear head (kPa).
需要说明的是，本发明打破了以往专注于研究沥青混合料抗剪性能的单一性，有助于研究影响沥青混合料抗剪强度的根本因素；同时实现了试验装置剪切过程的自动化，替代了传统剪切仪手工操作的旧模式，试验操作更加简便，试验数据更加精确。并在传统土工十字板剪力仪的基础上加以改进，并将其螺旋拆卸套管改为向上提拉的三段式伸缩套管3，避免了每次试验完成以后都要拆卸套管的繁琐程序，简化了操作。另外，试验所用材料试模8为可拆分设计类型，试验结束以后可将试模8壁与封底盖分离，便于清理出试模8内的固体沥青。It should be noted that the present invention breaks the singleness of focusing on the shear performance of asphalt mixtures in the past, and helps to study the fundamental factors affecting the shear strength of asphalt mixtures; at the same time, it realizes the automation of the shearing process of the test device, replacing The old mode of manual operation of the traditional shearing instrument is eliminated, the test operation is more convenient, and the test data is more accurate. And improve on the basis of the traditional geotechnical cross-plate shear force meter, and change its spiral disassembly sleeve into a three-stage telescopic sleeve 3 that is pulled upward, avoiding the cumbersome disassembly of the sleeve after each test is completed procedures, simplifying operations. In addition, the material test mold 8 used in the test is a detachable design type. After the test, the wall of the test mold 8 can be separated from the bottom cover to facilitate the cleaning of the solid asphalt in the test mold 8.
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