CN106836806B

CN106836806B - Method and device for constructing special-shaped concrete structure by using BIM technology and precision control method and device in process of constructing special-shaped concrete structure by using BIM technology

Info

Publication number: CN106836806B
Application number: CN201710000963.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陆超; 马晓明; 于海洋; 武景韬; 卜科彪; 付继飞; 荣喜臣; 吴梦婕; 杨建�; 冼炬华; 王新龙; 边少华; 谢振; 李翔; 朱明勇; 薛建梁; 梅红生; 冯原; 李威; 栾广东
Original assignee: Central Research Institute of Building and Construction Co Ltd MCC Group; China Jingye Engineering Corp Ltd
Current assignee: Central Research Institute of Building and Construction Co Ltd MCC Group; China Jingye Engineering Corp Ltd
Priority date: 2017-01-03
Filing date: 2017-01-03
Publication date: 2022-05-06
Anticipated expiration: 2037-01-03
Also published as: CN106836806A

Abstract

The invention provides a method for constructing a special-shaped concrete structure by using a BIM technology, which comprises five steps of establishing a designed BIM model of the special-shaped concrete structure, putting the BIM model into a coordinate system corresponding to a site, and determining the origin of the coordinate system to obtain a three-dimensional coordinate value of each point on the special-shaped concrete structure; selecting a relative measurement control section on the special-shaped concrete structure model, wherein the relative measurement control section is selected at the position where the shape of the special-shaped concrete structure changes; selecting relative measurement control points on the relative measurement control section, wherein the relative measurement control points are all corner points at the edge of the relative measurement control section, and finding out coordinate values of all the relative measurement control points; building a building model of the special-shaped concrete structure according to the BIM model on a construction site; and pouring concrete on the building model, and constructing a special-shaped concrete structure on site. The invention can realize the accurate coincidence of the building model and the design model. The invention also provides a device used in the method.

Description

Method and device for constructing special-shaped concrete structure by using BIM technology and precision control method and device in process of constructing special-shaped concrete structure by using BIM technology

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for constructing a concrete structure, in particular to a method for constructing a special-shaped concrete structure by using a BIM (building information modeling) technology, and further provides a method for controlling precision in the method. In addition, the invention also provides a device used in the method.

Background

The idea of BIM is generated in the 70's of the 20 th century, and it utilizes various kinds of software to build a building model in a computer on the basis of various kinds of relevant information data of a construction engineering project, and simulates real information of a building through digital information simulation. The BIM technology effectively realizes 3D expression of construction project information, can help a designer, a constructor and an owner to intuitively and effectively understand project conditions, and converts design intentions into entity construction.

Putting various information data of the designed structure into BIM software, and obtaining coordinate data of each point on the building, wherein the coordinate data comprises all coordinates and size information required by construction; then, in actual construction, a concrete casting model is constructed from the respective coordinate data, and concrete casting is performed, so that a building designed by a designer can be actually constructed. In BIM software, each point and section on a building model have coordinate data, some key control points capable of controlling the shape of a building are selected in construction, and the control points are connected through straight lines to form the outline of the building.

How to select the control point is a problem to be considered. The general knowledge is that the more control points are selected, the closer the shape of the formed building model and the shape of the design project is, i.e. the higher the accuracy is, and conversely, the less control points are selected, the lower the accuracy of the building model is. However, the more control points are selected, the more complicated the construction becomes, which affects the efficiency of construction and increases the construction cost.

In addition, in concrete casting construction after the model construction, the control of the control points also affects whether or not the design shape of the building can be accurately realized by the designer, and there is a problem of construction efficiency. The purpose of obtaining a high-precision building cannot be achieved if the initial model precision control is not accurately controlled when concrete pouring is performed. And if the actual control method is unreasonable, the construction efficiency and cost are also affected.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for constructing a special-shaped concrete structure by using a BIM technology, which realizes the accurate coincidence of a building model and a design model by selecting control points.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for achieving precise formation of a structure during the pouring of concrete.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for use in the above method.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:

a method for constructing a special-shaped concrete structure by using a BIM technology comprises the following steps:

step 1: establishing a designed BIM model of the special-shaped concrete structure, putting the BIM model into a coordinate system corresponding to a site, and determining an origin of the coordinate system to obtain a three-dimensional coordinate value of each point on the special-shaped concrete structure;

step 2: selecting a relative measurement control section on the special-shaped concrete structure model, wherein the relative measurement control section is selected at the position where the shape of the special-shaped concrete structure is changed;

and step 3: selecting relative measurement control points on the relative measurement control section, wherein the relative measurement control points are all corner points at the edge of the relative measurement control section, and finding out coordinate values of all the relative measurement control points;

and 4, step 4: on a construction site, building a building model of a special-shaped concrete structure according to a BIM model, namely building a frame of each relative measurement control section according to coordinate data of each relative measurement control point on each relative measurement control section, and then connecting corresponding points of each relative measurement control section through a linear profile rod and/or a linear profile template to form a model frame for pouring concrete;

and 5: and pouring concrete on the building model, and constructing a special-shaped concrete structure on site.

Specifically, in step 2, the method for selecting the relative measurement control section may be: selecting the position of a relative measurement control section along the extension direction of the special-shaped concrete structure, wherein the relative measurement control section is perpendicular to the tangent of the extension direction at the section, the relative measurement control section is selected at a turning position of the special-shaped concrete structure in a three-dimensional coordinate system, and the number of the relative measurement control sections is selected on a turning section of the turning position and is determined according to the set interval or the set radian or the set arc length of the adjacent relative measurement control sections in the whole turning section on the section center line.

In the method, the degree of matching between the poured special-shaped concrete structure and the designed structure shape is determined by setting the number of relative measurement control sections, namely the density degree of the relative measurement control sections in the turning section at the turning position, namely the distance or radian between the central lines of the adjacent relative measurement control sections.

If the distance or radian or arc length is too large, the fit degree of the constructed structure and the designed shape is small, but if the distance or radian or arc length is set too small, the fit degree is high, but the construction efficiency is reduced, and the cost is greatly improved.

Preferably, the set distance between the centerlines of adjacent opposite measurement control sections at the turn is: in the turning section, the chord length of the central line arc between the adjacent opposite measurement control sections is a set distance, and the set distance is more suitable to be 0.5m-1 m.

Where the above numerical range is suitably used, the radius of gyration at the turn is in the range 5 to 15 m. When the turning radius of the turning is small, the set distance of the radian of the central line is the value close to the lower limit of the numerical range, and when the turning radius of the turning is large, the value close to the upper limit is taken.

If the radius of gyration at the turn is 5-10m, said set distance between adjacent said opposing measurement control sections is 0.15-0.49 m.

If the radius of gyration at the turn is between 20 and 30m, said set spacing between adjacent said opposing measurement control sections is between 1.2 and 2 m.

In the step 4, a specific method for building a building model in a construction site may be:

a, finding two end points of a projection line of the lower bottom edge of each relative measurement control section on a horizontal plane on a structural foundation, namely a basic raft, positioning on site according to coordinate values of the two end points, and paving a horizontal tie rod batten between the two end points;

b, arranging vertical battens on at least two end points of each projection line, wherein the height of each vertical batten is the height coordinate value of the corresponding end point of the lower bottom edge of the corresponding measurement control section of the position, and the vertical battens are fixedly connected with the horizontal pull rod battens;

c, connecting a straight rod to the upper end part of the vertical batten, wherein the straight rod is the bottom edge of the relative measurement control section of the position and is a bottom edge rod;

step D, on the basis of the bottom side rod, finding out vertex angles at each corner of the outer contour of the relative measurement control section, and connecting adjacent vertex angles through a straight rod to form a relative measurement control section contour frame;

e, connecting corresponding top angles between adjacent opposite measurement control sections by using straight rods, namely, along-path straight rods and/or along-path straight-surface templates, wherein the along-path straight rods and/or along-path straight-surface templates and the section outline frames forming the opposite measurement control sections form a special-shaped concrete structure frame;

and F, binding steel bars on the special-shaped concrete structure frame to form a building model.

For a groove type special-shaped concrete structure comprising two side walls and a bottom plate, the relative measurement control section has the following characteristics: the two side walls are symmetrical, and for this purpose, a groove bottom plate and a side wall template are formed by straight-surface templates along the way, and the groove bottom plate and the side wall template of the groove form a groove type special-shaped concrete structure frame.

For the groove type special-shaped concrete structure formed by the flat bottom plate and the side wall, in the step B of the step 4, vertical battens are arranged on two end points of each projection line, the height of each vertical batten is the height coordinate value of two end points of the lower bottom edge of the relative measurement control section of the position, and each vertical batten is fixedly connected with the corresponding horizontal pull rod batten.

In step D, the slot sidewall model may be set up by:

after the bottom plate structural framework is built, concrete is poured to form a bottom plate, and then, a side wall structural framework is built: firstly, supporting the outer formwork of the side wall according to key control points of the side wall of the groove on each relative measurement control section, namely two end points at the bottommost surface of the outer surface of the side wall of the groove, two end points at the topmost end of the side wall of the groove and an included angle between the side wall of the groove and the bottom plate.

The specific method can be as follows: the outer sides of two side edges of the bottom plate are provided with oblique angle battens, the sections of the oblique angle battens are right-angled triangles, oblique edges of the oblique angles face inwards, the oblique angles of the oblique edges are the included angles between the side walls and the bottom plate, and then the oblique surfaces of the oblique angle battens are provided with side wall templates.

Furthermore, in order to stabilize the side wall formwork, an oblique short batten is further arranged, the upper end of the oblique short batten is fixedly connected with the side wall formwork, and the lower end of the oblique short batten is fixedly connected with the bottom side rod.

The bottom side rod can be further provided with an anti-skid wood block, and the oblique short wood beam abuts against the anti-skid wood block.

In addition, the following measures can be adopted in the fixing of the side wall template of the groove:

between the relative measurement control cross-section, set up the flitch back of the body stupefied on the lateral surface of groove lateral wall template, every this flitch back of the body stupefied all supports fixedly through a bracing piece, the one end of this bracing piece with the flitch back of the body stupefied is supported fixedly, the other end with basic raft board links firmly.

The supporting and fixing structure of the support rod and the batten back edge is as follows: the upper end of bracing piece rotationally fixes a nut, a spiro union jackscrew on this nut, fixes a flute profile steel layer board on the jackscrew, inlays in the groove of steel layer board and establishes a support strip, and the lateral wall of support strip supports and leans on the stupefied of flitch back of the body, the steel pipe that the support strip extends along the lateral wall template in the length direction of water slide way can be a crooked steel pipe.

The lower extreme of bracing piece with the fixed knot of raft foundation constructs is: the raft foundation goes up fixed steel bar, and the inboard of this reinforcing bar sets up a flitch, and the lower extreme of bracing piece is supported and is fixed on the flitch.

The connecting structure of the lower end of the batten back edge and the side wall template can be as follows: the side wall formwork, the batten back edge and a small wood block with the thickness clamped between the batten back edge and the side wall formwork are penetrated together by a steel bar, a groove-shaped steel supporting plate is sleeved at the end of the steel bar outside the batten back edge, two positioning steel bars are arranged in a groove of the steel supporting plate in parallel, the two positioning steel bars are all abutted against the batten back edge, a fixed threaded sleeve is sleeved at the outer end of each steel bar, and a nut is screwed into the threaded sleeve so that the groove-shaped steel supporting plate is positioned and fixed.

Another aspect of ensuring the accuracy of profiled concrete structures is controlling the thickness of the poured concrete. In order to ensure that the pouring thickness of the concrete is consistent with the design, the following preferred scheme can be adopted:

at some points on said building model, detection marks are provided, which are detachably fixed on the building model, and which show the position of the profiled concrete structure at the outer surface of these points, and which are the corresponding coordinate values of the set point outer surface in the coordinate system of the BIM model placed on site. After concrete pouring is finished, in a floating process, the detection mark is a floating reference of the concrete, the concrete part between two adjacent detection marks is floated into a plane, then the detection mark is taken out, and if the detection mark is taken out to damage the surface of the concrete, the damaged part is filled and leveled.

For a groove-type special-shaped concrete structure comprising two side walls and a bottom plate, the key for ensuring the precision is to ensure the concrete thickness of the side walls and the bottom plate.

A groove type special-shaped concrete structure comprising two side walls and a bottom plate, a bottom plate thickness control method and device and a side wall thickness control method and device.

The thickness precision control method of the plate surface of the bottom plate can be as follows:

the bottom plate is a groove-shaped bottom template with an upward opening relative to the measurement control section, the height of the side wall of the bottom template is the thickness of the bottom plate, steel wires are arranged on steel bars in the bottom plate model at two end points of the relative measurement control section, a positioning plate is fixedly connected to the steel wires, the plate surface of the positioning plate is parallel to the plate surface of the bottom template of the groove-shaped special-shaped concrete structure model, nails are arranged on the positioning plate, the nail heads are the height of the plate surface of the bottom plate, and a thickness control point is formed and is obtained according to the coordinate value obtained by placing the BIM model in a coordinate system corresponding to the site; a steel wire is arranged and extends along the direction of the relative measurement control section, the steel wire is arranged at the top of each nail head, and two ends of the steel wire are fixed; after the coordinate value of the nail head is rechecked, a simple positioning device is arranged, namely, cantilever steel bar sections are inwards arranged on two side plates of the bottom plate model, a vertical rod is arranged on each steel bar section, the lower end of the vertical rod is propped against the steel wire line, and the lower end of the vertical rod becomes an upper surface control point of the bottom plate; before pouring the bottom plate concrete, the positioning plates and the nails are removed, the concrete pouring can be carried out, when the concrete is screeded after the concrete is poured, the upper surface of the concrete is level with the ends of the vertical rods and/or the steel wire lines, the parts between the two adjacent vertical rods and the steel wire lines are smeared to be flat surfaces, then the steel wire lines are taken down, and the simple positioning device is removed.

The thickness precision control method of the plate surface concrete of the bottom plate can also be as follows:

the bottom plate is a groove-shaped bottom template with an upward opening relative to the measurement control section, the height of the side wall of the bottom template is the thickness of the bottom plate, steel wires are arranged on steel bars arranged in the bottom template, a positioning plate is fixedly connected to the steel wires, the plate surface of the positioning plate is parallel to the plate surface of the bottom template of the groove-shaped special-shaped concrete structure model, nails are arranged on the positioning plate, nail heads are the height of the plate surface of the bottom plate, and therefore a thickness control point is formed, and the control point is obtained according to coordinate values obtained by placing a BIM model in a coordinate system corresponding to the site; another simple positioning device is arranged as follows:

two vertical rods are arranged on the basic raft plate relative to each relative measurement control section position, a cross beam is connected to the two vertical rods, the cross beam is parallel to the upper base plate of the relative measurement control section, a plurality of linear hammers are fixed on the cross beam, and the droop point of each linear hammer is the design position of the upper surface of the base plate.

When concrete is poured, each plumb bob can be retracted without disturbing pouring, and when a floating process is carried out, each plumb bob is released, and a floating reference is made according to the vertical point of each plumb bob. When the simple positioning device is used, the steel wire is not arranged.

The position of the positioning plate or the plumb bob at least comprises the intersection point of the inner surfaces of the two side walls and the bottom plate. A positioning plate can also be arranged at the middle point between the two intersection points.

The use of such an apparatus and method enables a high accuracy of the thickness of the sole plate. The structure of the positioning plate fixed on the steel wire can be as follows: the two end points are respectively provided with one positioning plate. If set up more locating plate in the centre, can influence the operation of later stage concreting. And another device that uses the plumb bob, when pouring, the plumb bob can be packed up, puts down the plumb bob again when waiting to trowel, does not hinder and pours, consequently, the plumb bob can set up more, not only sets up at two extreme points, also can set up some in the centre.

The floor is preferably a cast concrete process and for the side walls is preferably a sprayed concrete process.

When the concrete of the bottom plate is poured into the groove-type special-shaped concrete structure, the free pouring height of the concrete from the discharge port to the model is not more than 3m, and the better free pouring height is less than 2 m.

When the casting height exceeds 3m, a buffer measure must be taken, such as arranging a barrel string or a chute between the discharge port and the model.

In the floating procedure after the pouring is finished, the hanging rods and the steel wire or the plumb bob are used as references, the part between every two adjacent hanging rods and the steel wire or the plumb bob is floated into a plane, then the steel wire is taken down, and the simple positioning device is removed.

The solution for the thickness control of the shotcrete of the side walls may be: on the side wall of the building model, a thickness detection rod is detachably fixed on the building model at a plurality of positions with the same height and/or different heights from the bottom plate along the length direction of the side wall.

The specific scheme can be as follows:

by using a BIM technology, at least arranging key control points of side wall sprayed concrete, namely intersection points of the inner surfaces of the two side walls and the bottom plate on each relative measurement control section to enable the key control points to correspond to a field coordinate system, and extracting coordinates; and precisely and densely distributing key control points b and d on the poured concrete bottom plate by using a total station as reference points for controlling the sprayed concrete of the side wall.

Each thickness detection marker post is arranged on each relative measurement control section, each thickness detection marker post forms a control line along the length direction of the concrete structure, the thickness detection marker posts can be arranged on the control line more densely, for example, the thickness detection marker posts can be additionally arranged on the middle points of the two relative measurement control sections, so that the distance between the adjacent thickness detection marker posts can be 0.25-0.5 m. In addition, a plurality of thickness detection marker posts can be arranged on one relative measurement control section to form a vertical control line perpendicular to the control line, and the distance between adjacent thickness detection marker posts on the vertical control line can be 0.5-1 m.

For the groove type special-shaped concrete structure comprising the bottom plate and the two side walls, the side walls are provided with the thickness detection marker posts in the following mode: the spraying thickness is controlled by adopting a mode of arranging a positioning screw rod. The specific method comprises the following steps: and spot-welding a nut at the main rib of the side wall, screwing a lead screw with a set length into the nut, and controlling the position of the head of the lead screw to be the control point of the thickness of the inner wall of the slide way side wall. After the concrete structure constructed by spraying is leveled, the screw rod is screwed off and pulled out, and a hole left by the screw rod is filled and leveled; or a prebending thickness detection marker post is arranged on a reinforcing steel bar bound with the building model, the prebending thickness detection marker post is hooked and fixed on the reinforcing steel bar, the position of the end of the prebending thickness detection marker post is a control point of the outer surface of the special-shaped concrete entity, after the concrete structure constructed by spraying is leveled, the prebending thickness detection marker post is cut off, and the remained hole is filled and leveled; after the thickness detection marker post is removed, manually collecting light to carry out leveling and press polishing treatment.

The invention also provides a precision control device used in the method, which comprises the following steps:

the device for controlling the precision in the pouring process of the special-shaped concrete structure comprises a building model for pouring the special-shaped concrete structure, wherein the building model comprises a plurality of section frames which are used for relatively measuring and controlling sections, each section frame is arranged at a position corresponding to the shape change of the concrete structure, the end points of at least one part of edges of each section frame are corner points of the section of the concrete structure where the section frame is located, a straight rod is connected between the corner points to form the section frame, an on-way straight rod and/or an on-way straight-surface template are connected between the section frames, and reinforcing steel bars are bound in and between the section frames to form the building model.

The straight rod on the section frame and the on-way straight rod or on-way straight-surface template can form an integral structure.

The section frame is set along the extension direction of the concrete structure, the section frame is perpendicular to the tangent of the extension direction at the section, and the section frame is selected at the turning position of the concrete structure in a three-dimensional coordinate system; and/or, the shape change is a turn of the concrete structure; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

arranging a plurality of section frames on a turning section at a turning position; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

for a complex special-shaped concrete structure which is changed by bending in a three-dimensional space, a horizontal pull rod is arranged on a projection line of the suspended cross-section frame on a foundation surface, the horizontal pull rods between the adjacent suspended cross-section frames are fixedly connected through a straight rod, and a vertical rod is arranged on the horizontal pull rod and fixedly connected with the corresponding part of the cross-section frame; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,

the complex special-shaped concrete structure is a groove type special-shaped concrete structure comprising two side walls and a bottom plate, the bottom plate is provided with two side walls, the two side walls are symmetrical, and the straight-face type template is a bottom template and a side template; and/or, still include the thickness controlling means, this thickness controlling means is: at some points on said building model, detection marks are provided, which are detachably fixed on the building model, and which show the position of the profiled concrete structure at the outer surface of these points, and which are the corresponding coordinate values of the set point outer surface in the coordinate system of the BIM model placed on site.

The set distance of the central lines of the sections of the adjacent section frames in one turning section is the chord length of the central line arc, and the set distance is 0.5m-1 m; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the thickness control device corresponds to a groove-type special-shaped concrete structure comprising two side walls and a bottom plate and is provided with a bottom plate thickness control device and a side wall thickness control device,

the thickness precision control device of the plate surface concrete of the bottom plate is as follows: the height of the side wall of the bottom template is the thickness of the bottom plate, a steel wire is arranged on a steel bar arranged in the bottom template, a positioning plate is fixedly connected to the steel wire, the plate surface of the positioning plate is parallel to the plate surface of the bottom template of the model of the groove-type special-shaped concrete structure, nails are arranged on the positioning plate, the nail heads are the height of the plate surface of the bottom plate, and a thickness control point is formed and is obtained according to a coordinate value obtained by placing the BIM model in a coordinate system corresponding to the site; arranging a steel wire which extends along the direction of the section frame, wherein the steel wire is arranged at the top of each nail head, and two ends of the steel wire are fixed; a simple positioning device is also arranged, namely cantilever steel bar sections are inwards arranged on two side plates of the bottom plate model, a vertical rod is arranged on each steel bar section, the lower end of the vertical rod is abutted against the steel wire or the nail head, and the lower end of the vertical rod becomes an upper surface control point of the bottom plate; or,

the bottom plate, the section frame is the ascending flute profile die block board of opening, the height of the lateral wall of die block board is bottom plate thickness promptly, set up the steel wire on the reinforcing bar that sets up in the die block board, link firmly the locating plate on this steel wire, the face of this locating plate is parallel with the face of the bottom surface template of the model of flute type dysmorphism concrete structure, set up the nail on the locating plate, the pin fin is bottom plate face height promptly, just also formed the thickness control point, this control point obtains according to putting the BIM model in the coordinate system that corresponds with the scene, set up another kind of simple and easy positioner: arranging two vertical rods on the basic raft corresponding to each relative measurement control section position, connecting a cross beam on the two vertical rods, wherein the cross beam is parallel to the upper bottom plate of the relative measurement control section, fixing a plurality of plumbs on the cross beam, and the droop point of each plumb is the design position of the upper surface of the bottom plate;

the thickness control device of lateral wall is the thickness detection pole, the structure that sets up of thickness detection sighting rod is: spot-welding a nut at the main rib of the side wall, screwing a screw rod with a set length into the nut, and controlling the position of the screw rod head to be a control point of the thickness of the inner wall of the slideway side wall; and/or the thickness detection marker post is structurally characterized in that: a prebending thickness detection marker post is arranged on a steel bar bound with the building model, the prebending thickness detection marker post is hooked and fixed on the steel bar, and the position of the end of the prebending thickness detection marker post is a control point of the outer surface of the special-shaped concrete entity.

The set distance is 0.5m-1m, and the turning radius of the turning section is 5-15 m; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

at least arranging key control points for spraying concrete on the side wall on each section frame, arranging the thickness detection marker posts on the control points, and forming a control line along the length direction of the concrete structure by the control points on the plurality of section frames; and/or the thickness detection marker posts are arranged on the control line formed by the thickness detection marker posts arranged on each section frame along the length direction of the concrete structure in a more concentrated manner; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

on a control line formed by the thickness detection marker posts arranged on each section frame along the length direction of the concrete structure, the distance between every two adjacent thickness detection marker posts is 0.25-0.5 m; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

arranging a plurality of thickness detection benchmarks on one section frame to form a vertical control line which is perpendicular to a control line formed by the thickness detection benchmarks arranged on each section frame and along the length direction of the concrete structure; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the distance between adjacent thickness detection marker posts on the vertical control line is 0.5-1 m; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the position of the positioning plate or the plumb bob at least comprises the intersection point of the inner surfaces of the two side walls and the bottom plate.

When the turning radius of the turning section is 5-10m, the set distance between the adjacent section frames is 0.15-0.49 m; or,

when the turning radius at the turning is 20-30m, the set distance between the adjacent section frames is 1.2-2 m.

The base surface is a surface of the field, and/or,

the foundation surface is a relative reference surface which is parallel to or intersected with the plane of the field by a set angle; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

and a side plate auxiliary supporting structure is arranged outside the side template.

The side plate auxiliary supporting structure is as follows: a plurality of oblique angle battens are arranged on two side edges of the bottom template, the section of each oblique angle batten is a right-angled triangle, the oblique edge of each oblique angle batten faces inwards, the inclination angle of each oblique edge is the inclination angle of the side wall, and the side template is supported on the inclined surface of each oblique angle batten; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the side plate auxiliary supporting structure comprises an oblique short batten, the upper end of the oblique short batten is fixedly connected with the side template, and the lower end of the oblique short batten is fixedly connected with a straight rod which supports the bottom template in the corresponding cross-section frame; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the side plate auxiliary supporting structure further comprises a batten back edge supporting structure, the batten back edge supporting structure comprises a plurality of batten back edge supporting rods, a plurality of batten back edge supporting rods are arranged on the outer side face of the side template between the section frames, each batten back edge is supported and fixed through one supporting rod, one end of each supporting rod is fixedly supported by the batten back edge, and the other end of each supporting rod is fixedly connected with the foundation face.

The fixing structure of the oblique short battens and the supporting bottom template is as follows: an anti-skid wood block is fixed on the straight rod of the supporting bottom template, and the oblique short wood beam abuts against the anti-skid wood block; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the bracing piece is stupefied with the stupefied fixed connection structure of flitch back of body: a nut is rotatably fixed at the upper end of the supporting rod, a jackscrew is screwed on the nut, a channel-shaped steel supporting plate is fixed on the jackscrew, a supporting strip is embedded in a channel of the steel supporting plate, the side wall of the supporting strip abuts against the wood square back ridge, and the supporting strip extends along the side wall template in the length direction of the water slide channel; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the lower extreme of bracing piece with the fixed knot of basal plane constructs: fixing a steel bar on the foundation surface, arranging a batten on the inner side of the steel bar, and abutting and fixing the lower end of the supporting rod on the batten; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the lower end of the batten back edge and the connecting structure of the side wall template are as follows: the side wall formwork, the batten back edge and a small wood block clamped between the batten back edge are penetrated together by a steel bar, a groove-shaped steel supporting plate is sleeved at the end of the steel bar outside the batten back edge, two positioning steel bars are arranged in a groove of the steel supporting plate in parallel and are abutted against the batten back edge, a fixed threaded sleeve is sleeved at the outer end of the steel bar, and a nut is screwed into the threaded sleeve so that the groove-shaped steel supporting plate is positioned and fixed.

The invention provides a method and a device for constructing a special-shaped concrete structure by using a BIM technology and controlling precision in the process, which can build a very complicated concrete structure model designed by a designer by scientifically selecting a relative measurement control section and scientifically selecting a relative measurement control point on the relative measurement control section, wherein the model has good matching degree of precision and design structure, and the relative measurement control section does not cause too much construction complexity and too high cost. The method for controlling the thickness precision of the cast concrete plays a crucial role in really manufacturing a building which is precisely matched with a designed structure. The method and the device provided by the invention use a detail control means to accurately control the construction process of the special-shaped concrete structure so as to ensure the accuracy of the geometric dimension and the fluency of the construction process. Each control point of the finished surface of the solid structure meets the precision requirement of a tolerance range of +/-6 mm in a coordinate system.

The invention is explained in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a BIM model of a special-shaped slideway constructed by a method for constructing a special-shaped concrete structure by using a BIM technology and controlling precision in the process of constructing the special-shaped concrete structure provided by the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the slide shown in fig. 1 divided into a plurality of segments.

FIG. 3a is a schematic plan view of a turn segment of FIG. 2 showing the values of the profile coordinates of the turn segment.

FIG. 3b is a plan view schematic of various relative survey control sections provided in the turning section of FIG. 3 a.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a relative survey control section on the turn segment of FIG. 3a showing various key control points.

Fig. 4a is a perspective view of the respective relative measurement control sections shown in fig. 3 b.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of coordinate values of each key control point of the four relative measured control sections in the skid section shown in fig. 3b in the coordinate system of the site.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a structure of a horizontal projection of the lower surface of the bottom plate of the on-site chute.

FIG. 6a is a schematic diagram of the encrypted setting of the wall thickness precision control points of the side wall.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the spatial positioning of the bottom surface of the chute.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a supporting structure of a bottom plate of a chute.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a structure for marking the control points of the thickness of the concrete poured on the bottom plate of the slide way.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the positioning steel wire and the positioning steel nail of the bottom plate of the slideway.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a simple positioning device for a control point of a bottom plate of a slide way.

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the pouring state of the bottom plate of the slide way after the positioning plate and the steel nails are removed.

FIG. 12a is a schematic view of another simple positioning device for the control point of the bottom plate of the slide way.

Figure 13 is a structural schematic diagram of a cross section of a profiled slide.

Fig. 14 is a schematic plan view of the slideway side wall formwork support device.

Fig. 15 is a schematic sectional structure view of the slideway side wall formwork support device.

Fig. 15a is a partially enlarged view of portion a of fig. 15.

Fig. 15B is a partially enlarged view of portion B of fig. 15.

Fig. 15C is a partially enlarged view of the portion C in fig. 15.

Fig. 16 is a schematic view of a positioning measure structure for the inner surface of the side wall of the slide.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be illustrated by the following description of the construction process of a profiled concrete structure constructed by the BIM technique and the precision control method in the construction process through a water slide channel with a profiled groove section.

As shown in fig. 1, a spatial irregular water slide channel a designed by a designer includes, from bottom to top, a raft foundation 1, a support wall 2, a water slide channel bottom plate 3, and a water slide channel side wall 4 (see fig. 13), wherein the water slide channel bottom plate 3 and the water slide channel side wall 4 constitute a water slide channel body structure. The special-shaped water sliding channel A is of a spatial curved surface structure. Along the extending direction of the special-shaped water sliding channel, the water sliding channel is divided into a plurality of sections for concrete pouring, and expansion joints are reserved between the sections, as shown in fig. 2, in order to adapt to thermal expansion and cold contraction of the water sliding channel under the change of climate and temperature.

The method is summarized by converting a space curve structure which is difficult to control into a small section of controllable linear structure by means of a BIM technology and CAD software, simulating a slideway curve by dense control points, and laying a foundation for accurate pouring and jet pouring control; the smooth and continuous geometric curve shape of the complex structure can be realized by manually collecting light according to the precision control measure of the invention after surface positioning and pouring or spray pouring.

The method comprises the following steps of 1, firstly, establishing a BIM model of the designed spatial special-shaped water sliding channel, putting the BIM model into a coordinate system corresponding to a site, wherein any point on the water sliding channel in the BIM model has a three-dimensional coordinate. And (4) putting the BIM model into a coordinate system corresponding to the site, and determining the origin of the coordinate system to obtain the three-dimensional coordinate value of each point on the special-shaped concrete structure. Thus, the BIM model of the slide channel a includes numerical values and dimensional information of three-dimensional coordinates of each point and each surface of the slide channel a required for construction, as shown in fig. 3a, 3b and 5.

The special-shaped slide way is of a space curved surface structure and consists of a bottom plate and a side wall, and a control section and a control point are arranged at a reverse bending point for accurate control. An expansion joint is arranged along the whole length of the slideway every 15m or so, and the expansion joint is divided into 54 sections.

The next step 2 is to take the position of the relative measurement control section perpendicular to the tangent of the extending direction at the section along the extending direction of the spatial irregular sliding channel from the three-dimensional model of the sliding channel on site, as shown in fig. 4 and 4 a. The relative measurement control sections are selected at the turning positions of the special-shaped concrete structure in the three-dimensional coordinate system, and the quantity of the relative measurement control sections selected at the turning positions is determined according to the set distance, the set radian or the set arc length of the adjacent relative measurement control sections in the whole turning section on the section center line.

Fig. 3a shows one of the turning sections, and the coordinate values of the points of the turning section can be obtained from the coordinate system.

A relative measurement control cross section is selected on the turning section. The turning radius of the turning section is about 13m, and the set radian interval of the central lines of adjacent opposite measurement control sections at the turning position is 1 m. A total of 10 relative measurement control cross-sections B were selected in the turn section, as shown in fig. 3B and 4 a.

The shape of each of the relative measurement control sections B is the same, as determined by the characteristics of the water slide, as shown in fig. 4 and 4 a. Except that the inclination angle of the bottom plate fgkj in three-dimensional space differs in each relative measurement control section. Selecting the end point at the corner on each relative measurement control section as a relative measurement control point: a. b, d, e, i, g, f, h, and the dividing points j and k of the bottom plate 3 and the side walls 4, which is the work to be done in step three.

So far, the first three steps in the method for constructing the special-shaped concrete structure by using the BIM technology are completed, and the coordinates of each point on the slide water channel can be corresponded on site.

In the first three steps, the invention creatively determines a relative measurement control section on a special-shaped concrete structure such as a water slide way and selects relative measurement control points on the relative measurement control section, and a building model is constructed on site based on the coordinate values of the relative measurement control section and the relative measurement control points, namely, frames of all relative measurement control surfaces are firstly built, and then the frames of all the relative measurement control surfaces are connected through a straight profile rod or a straight profile template to form a model frame for pouring concrete.

The method for selecting the section and the control point in the special-shaped concrete structure can obtain the model frame which is very combined with the concrete structure designed by a designer, but the structure which can not be obtained is too complex, and a good foundation is laid for constructing the special-shaped structure which is highly matched with the designed model.

The concrete construction method of the fourth step of how to construct the construction model on site will be described in detail below.

And establishing a building model of the special-shaped concrete structure according to the BIM model on a construction site.

Firstly, a bottom plate of the water slide channel is constructed.

The bottom plate is a plate surface which is up and down and twisted left and right in a three-dimensional space, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.

And step A, taking the upper surface of the raft foundation 1 below the slipway supporting wall 2 as a reference surface with the Z of a coordinate system being 0, carrying out measurement and setting-out on site according to the horizontal coordinates of two end points f and g of the lower bottom surface of the upper bottom plate of each relative measurement control section shown in fig. 4 and 4a, and marking the horizontal coordinates on the reference surface, namely the raft foundation 1. The marked points are connected in sequence by straight lines to form a multi-segment line 101 approximate to an arc line, the error is small enough because the relative measurement control section is reasonably selected, the multi-segment line 101 can be regarded as a projection arc line of the lower surface of the water slide way bottom plate on a reference surface, and as shown in fig. 6, a horizontal pull rod batten 11 is laid between two end points f and g.

And step B, according to the Z coordinates of f and g points in each section, erecting vertical battens 21 on the horizontal positions of corresponding points to position the f and g points (see figure 7), determining that a plurality of auxiliary upright battens 21a are arranged between two vertical battens 21 of the same relative measurement control section, and preparing for constructing the support wall 2. A bottom side bar, i.e., a horizontal batten 31 (see fig. 8) is provided at the upper ends of the vertical battens 21 and the auxiliary standing battens 21 a.

And step C, positioning the bottom plate template 30 of the bottom plate 3 on the horizontal battens 31 to be used as a straight-surface template, and fixing the horizontal battens 31 on the vertical battens 21 and the auxiliary vertical battens 21 a. The auxiliary standing battens 21a are spaced by 0.35m or 0.7m, the auxiliary standing battens 21a are dense near two ends and are sparse in the middle. The auxiliary vertical battens 21a can well support the horizontal battens 31, and also have a function of pouring the supporting wall 2 for binding the reinforcing bars. The bottom of each vertical batten 21 is fixed by a horizontal pull rod batten 11 in a pulling mode (see figure 6) so as to ensure the integrity and stability of the supporting system. The straight-face formwork is a bottom formwork 30 with a groove-shaped cross section of the bottom plate 3 and horizontal battens 31, and the battens are fixed by round nails (see fig. 8).

And D, on the basis of the horizontal battens 31, finding out the outer contour of the relative measurement control section as the vertex angle of each corner of the bottom plate, mainly the starting points b and D of the inner side wall surface of the side wall of the slide water channel, and connecting the adjacent vertex angles through straight rods to form a relative measurement control section contour frame.

And E, connecting corresponding vertex angles between adjacent opposite measurement control sections by using a straight rod, namely a pass straight rod, wherein the pass straight rod and the section outline frame forming the section form a frame of the bottom plate together. In this embodiment, a straight-surface type template, i.e., a flat bottom plate template 30 (see fig. 9) is laid on the adjacent horizontal battens 31 of the opposite measurement control section as a straight-surface type template along the way.

Step F, binding of the bottom plate steel bars 32 of the water slide way (see fig. 9), wherein only the upper and lower steel bars 32 are schematically shown in fig. 9.

A pre-laying process is required on site before binding of the bottom plate steel bars of the water channel model water channel. In order to ensure the accurate positions of the two side wall plate reinforcing steel bars, stirrups of the upper layer reinforcing steel bar are properly added and are firmly fixed with the lower layer reinforcing steel bar. The length of the suspended section of the dowel bar is reduced as much as possible, and the rows of anchor bars are accurately positioned by binding the horizontal positioning steel bars. After the building frame of the bottom plate is manufactured, the concrete can be poured.

Before casting, it is necessary to take thickness measuring measures on the formwork frame in order to obtain a precise thickness of the concrete of the cast floor.

The thickness precision control method of the plate surface of the bottom plate 3 comprises the following steps:

as shown in fig. 9 to 13, at two end points of the relative measurement control section, steel wires 33 are arranged on the steel bars in the bottom plate model, and a positioning plate 34 is fixedly connected to the steel wires 33, wherein the positioning plate 34 can be a small wood plate (see fig. 9). The plate surface of the positioning plate 34 is parallel to the plate surface of the bottom formwork, i.e. parallel to the connecting line b, d shown in fig. 4. The nail 35 is set on the positioning board 34, and the head of the nail 35 is the thickness control points b, c and d, which are obtained by putting the BIM model in the coordinate system corresponding to the site to obtain the coordinate values. The thickness control points are arranged at the points b and d, which is important for accurately positioning the side wall, and for the base plate of the wider water slide channel, the thickness control point is also necessary to be arranged at the middle point of the base plate 3; and a steel wire 36 (see fig. 10) is arranged and extends along the direction of the relative measurement control section, the steel wire 36 is arranged on the top of each nail head, two ends of the steel wire 36 are fixed on the raft foundation 1, for example, the steel wire 36 is the upper surface of the concrete of the bottom plate 3, and therefore the thickness precision of the bottom plate can be controlled. After the coordinate value of the nail head is rechecked, a simple positioning device for controlling the plate thickness precision of the bottom plate 3 is arranged, as shown in fig. 11, namely, a steel bar section 37 is inwards arranged on two side plates of the bottom plate model, a vertical rod 38 is arranged on the steel bar section 37, the lower end of the vertical rod 38 is propped against a steel wire line 36, and the lower end head of the vertical rod 38 becomes an upper surface control point O of the bottom plate; the location plates 34 and nails 35 are then removed as shown in fig. 12 and the concrete can be poured.

Positioning plates 34 are fixed to the wire 33, one at each end. A positioning plate 34 may also be provided at the midpoint c of the bottom plate relative to the measurement control section.

When the concrete is screeded after casting, the upper surface of the concrete is flush with the ends of the drop tubes 38 and the wire 36.

The simple positioning device may also be a structure as shown in fig. 12a, two vertical rods 39 are arranged on the basic raft 1 relative to each relative measurement control section position, a square pipe 37a is connected on the two vertical rods 39, the square pipe 37a is parallel to the upper bottom plate of the relative measurement control section, a plurality of plumbs 38a are fixed on the square pipe 37a, and the droop point of each plumb is the design position of the upper surface of the bottom plate. When concrete is poured, the hammers 38a can be retracted without hindering the pouring, and when the trowelling process is to be carried out, the hammers 38a are released to make the trowelling reference according to the vertical points of the hammers. Compared with the simple positioning device shown in fig. 11 and 12, the simple positioning device can not only arrange the drooping control points at the two ends of the section, but also arrange the drooping control points at the c point of the middle part of the section, because the plumb bob can be retracted in the casting process, and the plumb bob does not influence the casting process like the drooping rod 38.

And 5, pouring concrete. The bottom plate adopts a concrete pouring process.

In the construction of the channel-shaped water slide of the present embodiment, the building model of the bottom plate 3 is constructed first, and then casting is performed. Then, the building model of the side wall is constructed, and then the side wall is subjected to spray casting.

When the bottom plate is poured, after the reinforcing steel bars are bound, all the battens need to be removed, and then concrete is poured.

When pouring the floor, care is taken that the pouring height is not too high. Should be controlled below 2 m. If the pouring height exceeds 3m, a barrel string or a chute can be arranged between the discharge port and the model.

In the floating procedure after the pouring is finished, the hanging rods and the steel wires or the plumbs are taken as the reference, the parts between two adjacent hanging rods and the steel wires or between two adjacent plumbs are smeared into a plane, then the steel wires are taken down, and the simple positioning device is removed.

In summary, the precision control of the water skiing way bottom plate control point is realized through the following aspects:

(1) lofting key control points and marking horizontal positions of the control points by using total station

And (3) reading coordinates of points b, c and d of each section in the figure 9 in the BIM model, measuring and positioning by adopting a total station, and releasing space coordinates of a control point. Meanwhile, a small wood board is placed on the upper portion of the upper-layer steel bar of the water channel bottom plate of the water slide channel, and the horizontal position of the control point is marked.

(2) Elevation of marked control points

And positioning the control points at the control point marks of the small wood boards by using nail heads according to the elevation of the control points. And drawing a steel wire on the upper edge of the side template of the water slide way bottom plate along the linear direction of the control point, wherein the steel wire passes through the top of the nail head, and the top of the nail head is the position of the control point. And a simple positioning device is arranged on the template to ensure that the position of the control point is searched again in the pouring process and after the pouring is finished.

(3) In the pouring process, a level gauge is adopted to measure the elevations of the control points b, c and d again, the accuracy requirement of +/-6 mm of the key control points of the drawing is ensured, and the control points are marked. b. And the point d is used as a reference point for controlling the side wall and is of great importance to the control precision of the side wall of the sprayed concrete.

(4) After the pouring is completed, retesting each control point on the concrete finished surface.

Then the side walls of the slide channel, also called side wall panels, are constructed.

And (4) erecting the side wall external template according to the external wall key control points h, f, i and g and the included angle between the side wall and the bottom plate.

And (3) densely arranging key control points b and d of the side wall sprayed concrete at intervals of 0.25-0.5 m (according to the radian of a central line) by using a BIM (building information modeling) technology, enabling the key control points to correspond to a field coordinate system, and extracting coordinates.

And precisely and densely distributing key control points b and d on the poured concrete bottom plate by using a total station as reference points for controlling the sprayed concrete of the side wall.

The side wall model for arranging the sliding water channel can be used by the following method:

and (4) erecting a slipway side wall template by adopting an oblique angle batten specially-made angle mould and key control points j, h, k and i according to the included angle between the slipway side wall and the bottom plate. And permanently marking points b and d on the bottom plate of the water slide way at the relative measurement control section according to the design coordinates to serve as datum points for side wall construction.

At each relative measurement control section, points b and d (see fig. 4) are permanently marked on the slipway bottom plate 3 according to design coordinates to serve as reference points for side wall construction. In the part between the relative measurement control sections, according to the section size of the water slide way and the thickness of the side wall steel bar protection layer, one point b and one point d are marked every 0.5-1m, and the marked points b and d can be denser than the points b and the marked points d which are arranged on the turning section and are encrypted in a mode shown in figure 6 a. And in the part between the relative measurement control sections, more marked control points which are distributed more densely are arranged on the steel bars bound on the bottom plate template according to the section size of the water slide channel and the coordinate value of the thickness of the side wall steel bar protective layer and are used as the reference points for side wall construction. Of course, it is also possible to mark the b, d points only on the corresponding base plate 3 of the relative measurement control section, i.e. without encrypted marking control points, for example, to mark the position of the b, d points on the base plate 3 every 1m on the center line of the relative measurement control section (see fig. 3a and 3 b).

Sideforms 41 (see fig. 8 and 15) are used in the construction model of the sidewall to connect adjacent frames of opposed gauge control sections. The sideforms 41 are formed from 12mm thick sheet material.

The fixing mode of the side template 41 and the bottom plate is as follows: at each of the opposing measurement control sections, the bevel blocks 42 are provided at set intervals outside the sideforms 41, and the bevel blocks 42 are fixed to the horizontal blocks 31. The cross section of the oblique angle batten 42 is a right triangle, the oblique side of the oblique angle batten faces inwards and is supported on the outer surface of the side template 41, and the oblique angle of the oblique side is the oblique angle of the side wall. Along the extending length direction of the water slide channel, two opposite side templates 41 are positioned through a plurality of split bolts 43 of the fixed side template. An oblique short batten 44 is fixedly arranged on the horizontal batten 31, one end of the oblique short batten 44 is supported on the side template 41, and the supporting position of the oblique short batten 44 is above the supporting point of the oblique batten 42; the other end of the oblique short batten 44 is fixed on the horizontal batten 31. In order to facilitate the disassembly, the slant short battens are supported on the horizontal battens 31, and in order to prevent the displacement of the slant short battens 44, anti-skid blocks 45 are fixed on the horizontal battens 31 and abut against the lower ends of the slant short battens 44.

As shown in fig. 14 and 15, a wood-square back ridge 46 is provided on the outer side surface of the sideform 41 between the opposing measurement control sections, and the wood-square back ridge 46 is a square wood having a section of 50 × 100 mm. Each square back edge 46 is supported and fixed by a supporting steel tube 461. The support steel tube 461 is a round steel tube with a diameter of 48 mm. One end of the supporting steel pipe is fixedly supported with the batten back edge 46, and the other end of the supporting steel pipe is fixedly connected with the basic raft plate 1. The specific attachment structure is shown in fig. 15a and 15 c.

As shown in fig. 15a, a nut 4611 is rotatably fixed on the upper end of the support steel tube 461, a screw 4612 is screwed on the nut, a channel-shaped steel supporting plate 4613 is fixed on the screw 4612, a support steel tube 4614 is embedded in the channel of the steel supporting plate 4613, and the side wall of the support steel tube 4614 abuts against the wood back ridge 46. The support steel tube 4614 extends along the sideform 41 in the length direction of the raceway and is a bent steel tube.

The jackscrew 4612 of the upper end of support steel pipe 461 can also directly support on the stupefied 46 of flitch back, but, support stupefied 46 of flitch back through a support steel pipe 4616, have better effect, can make a plurality of stupefied 46 of flitch back supported fixedly integratively for the wholeness of side form board is high, and is more stable in the pouring, thereby makes the groove lateral wall precision of pouring out higher.

As shown in fig. 15c, the fixing structure of the lower end of the supporting steel tube 461 and the raft foundation 1 is that a reinforcing bar 12 with a diameter of 18mm is fixed on the raft foundation 1, a batten 121 with a cross section of 50 × 100mm is arranged on the inner side of the reinforcing bar 12, and the lower end of the supporting steel tube 461 is fixed on the batten 121. Such a fixing structure has an advantage in that the supporting steel pipe is stably fixed and is very easy to remove.

The connection structure of the lower end of the batten back edge 46 and the side template 41 is as shown in fig. 15b, a reinforcing steel bar 46a with phi 14mm penetrates the side template 4, the batten back edge 46 and a small wood block 46b with thickness of 12mm sandwiched therebetween, a groove-shaped steel supporting plate 46c is sleeved at the end of the reinforcing steel bar 46a outside the batten back edge 46, two reinforcing steel bars 46d with phi 18mm are arranged in parallel in the groove of the steel supporting plate, and the two reinforcing steel bars 46d are both abutted against the batten back edge 46. The outer end of the steel bar 46a is sleeved with a fixed threaded sleeve, and a nut 46e is screwed into the threaded sleeve to fix the position of the channel steel supporting plate 46 c.

After the side formwork 4 is supported, points h and i are marked on the formwork at each relative measurement control section according to the lengths of line segments hj and ik shown in figure 4 as vertexes of the outer side surface of the side wall of the water slide way. And the size of the template is rechecked to ensure the size of the cross section of the water channel, the thickness of the side wall and the position of the inner surface.

Then, reinforcing steel bars are bound, and in order to ensure that the positions of the reinforcing steel bars of the two side wall plates of the side wall of the water channel of the water slide way are accurate and the length of the suspended section of the dowel steel bars is reduced as much as possible, the horizontal positioning reinforcing steel bars are bound to ensure that the rows of anchor bars are accurately in place. The lap joint position of horizontal steel bar and vertical steel bar adopts disconnect-type overlap joint, and the horizontal steel bar of mutual overlap joint does not contact promptly, and the mutual interval is 50 mm. To ensure that the shotcrete is not blocked.

After the formwork is supported, points h and i are marked on the formwork at the control section according to the lengths of the line segments hj and ik shown in FIG. 4 as vertexes of the outer side surface of the slipway side wall.

When the reinforcing bars are bound in the side wall model frame, attention is paid to: (1) in order to ensure the accurate positions of the reinforcing steel bars of the two side wall plates of the side wall of the water chute, the lengths of the inserted steel bar suspension sections are reduced as much as possible, and the rows of anchor bars are accurately positioned by binding horizontal positioning reinforcing steel bars. (2) Horizontal reinforcement and vertical reinforcing bar overlap joint position take disconnect-type overlap joint, and the horizontal reinforcement of mutual overlap joint promptly does not contact, and the mutual interval is 50mm to guarantee that shotcrete is not blockked.

Before the injection-casting, it is also necessary to take thickness-measuring measures on the formwork frame for the accuracy of the thickness of the injected concrete.

Permanently marking points b and d marked on the bottom plate of the water slide way, encrypting the existing control points at the part between the control sections according to the section size of the water slide way and the thickness of the side wall steel bar protective layer, and intensively setting the control points (about 0.25m and 0.5m for setting) to simulate a slide way curve to be used as a control reference point for side wall construction.

The thickness detection marker post is arranged in the following mode: the method for controlling the spraying thickness by setting the positioning screw rod comprises the following steps: spot-welding a nut at the main rib of the side wall, screwing a screw rod with a set length into the nut, and controlling the position of the screw rod head to be a slide way side wall inner wall thickness control point; the thickness detection marker post can be arranged in the following mode: a prebending thickness detection marker post is arranged on a steel bar bound with the building model, the prebending thickness detection marker post is hooked and fixed on the steel bar, and the position of the end of the prebending thickness detection marker post is a control point of the outer surface of the special-shaped concrete entity.

In the present embodiment of the slide channels, the thickness control is primarily for the slide channels. Controlling the inner surface of the side wall: in order to better control the spraying thickness, thickness marker posts (arranged according to the radian of a central line and about 0.25m and 0.5 m) are densely arranged on each control line at equal intervals, the spraying thickness is measured in time in the process, and the deviation is corrected. After the spraying is finished, the basic surface is consistent by using a scraping bar, the lead screw is screwed off and drawn out, the pre-bending thickness detection marker post is cut off to leave a protective layer, and the scraped mortar is used for filling the lead screw and the small hole left by the pre-bending thickness detection marker post. And then leveling and calendaring are carried out. The thickness gauge and the pre-bend control rod are shown in fig. 16.

The method for controlling the thickness of the concrete poured on the side wall of the slide water channel by taking a thickness detection marker post as a screw rod is described as follows:

in order to control the concrete spraying thickness of the side wall of the slide water channel better, a side wall thickness detecting rod 47 is arranged at the central line position of each relative measurement control section facing to the height in the groove, the thickness detecting rod is fixed on the steel bar, and the position of the outer end of the thickness detecting rod is the surface of the side wall of the groove.

A plurality of thickness detecting benches on the relative measurement control section form a transverse thickness control line a. On the lateral thickness control line a, it is preferable to arrange a plurality of thickness detection markers 47 at equal intervals, for example, at a distance of 1m from the measurement control section, and the thickness detection markers may be arranged at intervals of about 0.25m or 0.5m, so as to measure the spraying thickness in time during the spraying of the concrete and correct the deviation, as shown in fig. 6a and 16. Several thickness detection markers 47 may also be provided on the vertical line of the sidewall corresponding to each of the opposing measurement control sections, so that the vertical line also becomes a vertical thickness control line b, on which the distance between the thickness detection markers may be 0.5m, as shown in fig. 16.

Use the lead screw to do the injection operation of the side wall of thickness detection sighting rod as an example, the gross thickness control of concrete is slightly surpassing thickness detection sighting rod and is positioning screw's size, scrape the outer unnecessary material of thickness detection sighting rod location base line with the scraper this moment, gain basic unanimous section, expose positioning screw's end, at this moment, the site survey personnel should carry out the location measurement to positioning screw's end again, correct the deviation, the not enough place is mended and is spouted, the place of exceeding is strickled off with scraping the thick stick, then take out positioning screw again, the aperture that positioning screw left will take off with the mortar of scraping is filled up. Then, manually collecting light to carry out leveling and press polishing treatment.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a special-shaped concrete structure by using a BIM technology comprises the following steps:

step 2: selecting a relative measurement control section on the special-shaped concrete structure model, wherein the relative measurement control section is selected at the position where the shape of the special-shaped concrete structure changes;

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step 2, the method for selecting the relative measurement control section is as follows: selecting the position of a relative measurement control section along the extension direction of the special-shaped concrete structure, wherein the relative measurement control section is perpendicular to the tangent of the extension direction at the section, the relative measurement control section is selected at a turning position of the special-shaped concrete structure in a three-dimensional coordinate system, and the number of the relative measurement control sections is selected on a turning section of the turning position and is determined according to the set interval or the set radian or the set arc length of the adjacent relative measurement control sections in the whole turning section on the section center line.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the set distance of the central lines of the adjacent relative measurement control sections at the turning part is as follows: in the turning section, the chord length of the central line arc between the adjacent relative measurement control sections is the set distance, and the set distance is 0.5m-1 m; or,

the radius of gyration at the turn is 5-10m, and the set distance between the adjacent relative measurement control sections is 0.15-0.49 m; or,

the radius of gyration at the turn is 20-30m, and the set distance between adjacent opposite measurement control sections is 1.2-2 m.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, the concrete method for building the building model in the construction site is as follows:

b, arranging vertical battens on at least two end points of each projection line, wherein the height of each vertical batten is the height coordinate value of the corresponding end point of the lower bottom edge of the relative measurement control section at the position, and the vertical battens are fixedly connected with the horizontal pull rod battens;

c, connecting a straight rod to the upper end part of the vertical batten, wherein the straight rod is the bottom edge of the position relative to the measurement control section and is a bottom edge rod;

step D, on the basis of the bottom side rod, finding out vertex angles at each corner of the outer contour on the relative measurement control section, and connecting at least one part of adjacent vertex angles through a straight rod to form a relative measurement control section contour frame;

5. The method of claim 4, wherein: for a groove type special-shaped concrete structure comprising two side walls and a bottom plate, the relative measurement control section has the following characteristics: the two side walls are symmetrical, and therefore, a groove bottom plate and a side wall template are formed by straight-surface templates along the way, and a groove type special-shaped concrete structure frame is formed by the groove bottom plate and the side wall template of the groove;

for the groove type special-shaped concrete structure formed by the flat bottom plate and the side wall, in the step B of the step 4, vertical battens are arranged on two end points of each projection line, the height of each vertical batten is the height coordinate value of two end points of the lower bottom edge of the relative measurement control section of the position, and each vertical batten is fixedly connected with the corresponding horizontal pull rod batten; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

in step D, a model of the tank sidewall is set up by:

after the bottom plate structural framework is built, concrete is poured to form a bottom plate, and then, a side wall structural framework is built: firstly, supporting a side wall outer template according to key control points of the groove side wall on each relative measurement control section, namely two end points at the bottommost surface of the outer surface of the groove side wall, two end points at the uppermost end of the groove side wall and an included angle between the groove side wall and a bottom plate, arranging oblique angle battens outside two side edges of the bottom plate, wherein the cross sections of the oblique angle battens are right triangles, the oblique edges of the oblique angles face inwards, the oblique angles of the oblique edges are the oblique angles of the side walls, and then arranging side wall templates on the oblique surfaces of the oblique angle battens; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

and the upper end of the oblique short batten is fixedly connected with the side wall template, and the lower end of the oblique short batten is fixedly connected with the bottom side rod.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the following measures are also taken in the fixing of the side wall formwork of the trough:

7. The method of claim 6, wherein: the supporting and fixing structure of the support rod and the batten back edge is as follows: a nut is rotatably fixed at the upper end of the supporting rod, a jackscrew is screwed on the nut, a channel-shaped steel supporting plate is fixed on the jackscrew, a supporting strip is embedded in a channel of the steel supporting plate, the side wall of the supporting strip abuts against the wood square back ridge, and the supporting strip is a steel pipe extending along the side wall template in the length direction of the water slide channel; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the lower extreme of bracing piece with the fixed knot of basic raft board constructs is: fixing reinforcing steel bars on the basic raft, arranging battens on the inner sides of the reinforcing steel bars, and abutting the lower ends of the supporting rods against the battens for fixing; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the lower end of the batten back edge and the connecting structure of the side wall template are as follows: the side wall formwork, the batten back edge and a small wood block with the thickness clamped between the batten back edge and the side wall formwork are penetrated together by a steel bar, a groove-shaped steel supporting plate is sleeved at the end of the steel bar outside the batten back edge, two positioning steel bars are arranged in a groove of the steel supporting plate in parallel, the two positioning steel bars are all abutted against the batten back edge, a fixed threaded sleeve is sleeved at the outer end of each steel bar, and a nut is screwed into the threaded sleeve so that the groove-shaped steel supporting plate is positioned and fixed.

8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that:

another aspect of guaranteeing the accuracy of the special-shaped concrete structure is to control the thickness of the poured concrete, and in order to guarantee that the thickness of the poured concrete is consistent with the design, the following scheme is adopted:

and arranging detection marks at some points on the building model, wherein the detection marks are fixed on the building model, the detection marks show the positions of the special-shaped concrete structure on the outer surfaces of the points, and the detection marks are corresponding coordinate values of the outer surfaces of the set points in a coordinate system of the BIM model placed on site.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein: for a groove-type special-shaped concrete structure comprising two side walls and a bottom plate,

the control scheme for the thickness of the cast concrete of the side wall is as follows: on the side wall of the building model, along the length direction of the side wall, a thickness detection marker post is detachably fixed on the building model at a plurality of positions with the same height and/or different heights from the bottom plate, the thickness detection marker post is fixed on a set point of the building model, the length of the thickness detection marker post is the thickness size of the point, or the BIM model is put on site in a coordinate system corresponding to the corresponding coordinate value from the set point to the corresponding point of the outer surface, the thickness detection marker post is detachably and fixedly connected on the building model, and in the floating process after the concrete pouring is finished, the end of the thickness detection marker post is the floating reference of concrete, the concrete part between two adjacent thickness detection marker posts is floated into a plane, and then, taking out the thickness detection marker post, and filling and leveling the hole left by the thickness detection marker post by using concrete.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein: at least distributing side wall concrete spraying key control points on each relative measurement control section, and arranging the thickness detection marker posts on the control points; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the side wall poured concrete thickness control scheme comprises the following steps: the thickness detection marker post is arranged in the following mode: the method for controlling the spraying thickness by setting the positioning screw rod comprises the following steps: spot-welding a nut at the main rib of the side wall, screwing a screw rod with a set length into the nut, controlling the position of the screw rod head to be the control point of the inner wall thickness of the slide way side wall, screwing off and extracting the screw rod after the concrete structure constructed by spraying is leveled, and filling and leveling holes left by the screw rod; and/or a pre-bending thickness detection marker post is arranged on a reinforcing steel bar bound with the building model, the pre-bending thickness detection marker post is hooked and fixed on the reinforcing steel bar, the position of the end of the pre-bending thickness detection marker post is a control point of the outer surface of the special-shaped concrete entity, after the concrete structure constructed by spraying is leveled, the pre-bending thickness detection marker post is cut off, and the remained hole is filled and leveled; after removing the thickness detection marker post, manually collecting light to carry out leveling and press polishing treatment; and/or

The thickness of lateral wall detects the sighting rod setting mode and does: arranging a thickness detection marker post on each relative measurement control section, wherein each thickness detection marker post forms a control line along the length direction of the concrete structure; and/or more densely arranging the thickness detection benches on the control line in the length direction to enable the distance between the adjacent thickness detection benches to be 0.25-0.5 m; and/or, arranging a plurality of thickness detection benchmarks on one relative measurement control section to form a vertical control line vertical to the control line; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the thickness precision control method of the plate surface of the bottom plate comprises the following steps: on the two end points of the relative measurement control section, steel wires are arranged on the steel bars in the bottom plate model, a positioning plate is fixedly connected to the steel wires, the plate surface of the positioning plate is parallel to the plate surface of the bottom surface template of the model of the groove-type special-shaped concrete structure, nails are arranged on the positioning plate, the nail heads are control points, and the control points are obtained by putting the BIM model in a coordinate system corresponding to the site to obtain coordinate values; a steel wire is arranged and extends along the direction of the relative measurement control section, the steel wire is arranged at the top of each nail head, and two ends of the steel wire are fixed; after the coordinate value of the nail head is rechecked, a simple positioning device is arranged, and the simple positioning device is: the two side plates of the bottom plate model are internally provided with a steel bar section, the steel bar section is provided with a vertical rod, the lower end of the vertical rod is propped against the steel wire, and the lower end head of the vertical rod becomes an upper surface control point of the bottom plate; then, the positioning plate and the nails are removed, concrete pouring can be carried out, when the concrete is leveled, the upper surface of the concrete is flush with the ends of the vertical rods and/or the steel wire lines, the part between every two adjacent vertical rods and the steel wire lines is smeared to be a plane, then the steel wire lines are taken down, and the simple positioning device is removed; or, on two endpoints of the relative measurement control section, a steel wire is arranged on a steel bar in the bottom plate model, a positioning plate is fixedly connected on the steel wire, the plate surface of the positioning plate is parallel to the plate surface of the bottom surface template of the model of the groove-type special-shaped concrete structure, a nail is arranged on the positioning plate, the nail head is a control point, the control point is obtained by putting the BIM model in a coordinate system corresponding to the site to obtain coordinate values, and a simple positioning device is arranged, and the simple positioning device is: arranging two vertical rods on the basic raft corresponding to each relative measurement control section position, connecting a cross beam on the two vertical rods, wherein the cross beam is parallel to the upper bottom plate of the relative measurement control section, fixing a plurality of plumbs on the cross beam, and the sagging point of each plumb is the design position of the upper surface of the bottom plate; when concrete is poured, all the plumbs can be collected on the cross beam without hindering the pouring, and when a floating process is carried out, all the plumbs are released and a floating reference is made according to the vertical points of the plumbs; and/or the reinforcing steel bar section is arranged in parallel with the bottom plate; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the bottom plate adopts a concrete pouring process, and the side wall adopts a concrete spraying process; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

when concrete is poured into the groove-type special-shaped concrete structure, the free-falling height of the concrete from the discharge port to the model cannot exceed 3 m.

11. A device used in a method for constructing a special-shaped concrete structure by using a BIM technology and controlling precision in the process of constructing the special-shaped concrete structure is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of pouring a building model of the special-shaped concrete structure, wherein the building model comprises a plurality of section frames which are used for relatively measuring and controlling sections, each section frame is arranged at a position corresponding to the shape change of the concrete structure, the end points of at least one part of sides of each section frame are corner points of the section of the concrete structure at the position of the section frame, straight rods are connected among the corner points to form the section frames, along-the-way straight rods and/or along-the-way straight-surface templates are connected among the section frames, and reinforcing steel bars are bound in and among the section frames to form the building model.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein: the section frame is set along the extension direction of the concrete structure, the section frame is perpendicular to the tangent of the extension direction at the section, and the section frame is selected at the turning position of the concrete structure in a three-dimensional coordinate system; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the shape change is the turning of the concrete structure; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

for a complex special-shaped concrete structure which is changed by bending in a three-dimensional space, a horizontal pull rod is arranged on a projection line of the suspended cross-section frame on a foundation surface, the horizontal pull rods between the adjacent suspended cross-section frames are fixedly connected through a straight rod, and a vertical rod is arranged on the horizontal pull rod and fixedly connected with the corresponding part of the cross-section frame; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the complex special-shaped concrete structure is a groove type special-shaped concrete structure comprising two side walls and a bottom plate, the bottom plate is provided with two side walls, the two side walls are symmetrical, and the straight-face type template is a bottom template and a side template; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

still include thickness control device, this thickness control device is: at some points on said building model, detection marks are provided, which are detachably fixed on the building model, and which show the position of the profiled concrete structure at the outer surface of these points, and which are the corresponding coordinate values of the set point outer surface in the coordinate system of the BIM model placed on site.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein: the set distance of the central lines of the sections of the adjacent section frames in one turning section is the chord length of the central line arc, and the set distance is 0.5m-1 m; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the thickness control device of lateral wall is the thickness and detects the sighting rod, the structure that sets up of thickness detection sighting rod is: spot-welding a nut at the main rib of the side wall, screwing a screw rod with a set length into the nut, and controlling the position of the screw rod head to be a control point of the thickness of the inner wall of the slideway side wall; and/or the thickness detection marker post is structurally characterized in that: a prebending thickness detection marker post is arranged on a steel bar bound with the building model, the prebending thickness detection marker post is hooked and fixed on the steel bar, and the position of the end of the prebending thickness detection marker post is a control point of the outer surface of the special-shaped concrete entity.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein: the turning radius of the turning section is 5-15 m; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

at least arranging key control points for spraying concrete on the side wall on each section frame, arranging the thickness detection marker posts on the control points, and forming a control line along the length direction of the concrete structure by the control points on the plurality of section frames; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the thickness detection marker posts are arranged on the control lines formed by the thickness detection marker posts arranged on the section frames and along the length direction of the concrete structure in a more concentrated mode; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

15. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein: when the turning radius of the turning section is 5-10m, the set distance between the adjacent section frames is 0.15-0.49 m; or,

16. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein: the base surface is a surface of the field, and/or,

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein: the side plate auxiliary supporting structure is as follows: a plurality of oblique angle battens are arranged on two side edges of the bottom template, the section of each oblique angle batten is a right-angled triangle, the oblique edge of each oblique angle batten faces inwards, the inclination angle of each oblique edge is the inclination angle of the side wall, and the side template is supported on the inclined surface of each oblique angle batten; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,

the side plate auxiliary supporting structure comprises an oblique short batten, the upper end of the oblique short batten is fixedly connected with the side template, and the lower end of the oblique short batten is fixedly connected with a straight rod which supports the bottom template in the corresponding cross-section frame; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein: the fixing structure of the oblique short battens and the supporting bottom template is as follows: an anti-skid wood block is fixed on the straight rod of the supporting bottom template, and the oblique short wood beam abuts against the anti-skid wood block; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,