CN106832057A - A kind of preparation method of low polymerization degree chitin - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of low polymerization degree chitin Download PDFInfo
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- CN106832057A CN106832057A CN201710123616.1A CN201710123616A CN106832057A CN 106832057 A CN106832057 A CN 106832057A CN 201710123616 A CN201710123616 A CN 201710123616A CN 106832057 A CN106832057 A CN 106832057A
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0027—2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucans; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/003—Chitin, i.e. 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-(beta-1,4)-D-glucan or N-acetyl-beta-1,4-D-glucosamine; Chitosan, i.e. deacetylated product of chitin or (beta-1,4)-D-glucosamine; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for preparing low polymerization degree chitin, belong to chemistry, chemical industry, biological field.The method is reacted with shrimp and crab shells as raw material by with hydrochloric acid solution, removes the impurity such as calcium carbonate, protein, and low polymerization degree chitin finished product is obtained after washing and drying.It is simple the present invention relates to technological process, common hydrochloric acid reagent has only been used from raw material to finished product, without alkali or other solvents, single step reaction can obtain low polymerization degree chitin finished product of the degree of polymerization between 200~400, can be widely used for the fields such as food, feed, weaving, medicine, cosmetics, agricultural.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that low polymerization degree chitin is prepared from shrimp and crab shells, belong to chemistry, chemical industry, biological neck
Domain.
Background technology
Chitin is extracted from the shell of Crustaceans containing amino, by β-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-N- acetyl-D- Portugals
Grapes glucosamine polymerization composition polysaccharide, be one of shrimp, the main component of crab shell, be also called glutelin, chitin, chitin,
Chitin, chitin, chitin.Biomass of the chitin in nature is very huge, is only second to cellulose, is
The reproducible biomass resource of one class.The preparation method of current chitin mainly has industrial soda acid facture and solvent repeatedly
Dissolving method of reproduction, the degree of polymerization of gained chitin finished product is higher, generally 5000~12000.High polymerization degree chitin is because dividing
Son amount is big, and the crosslinking degree of its macromolecular chain is increasingly complex, causes Stability Analysis of Structures, so solubility property is worse, and is difficult by people
Body absorbs.When it is converted into shitosan and its oligomeric derived product such as oligosaccharides, it is necessary to more consumption of chemical agent could be by
The chitin molecule chain of high polymerization degree is interrupted.By contrast, low polymerization degree chitin often has more advantage, and oligosaccharides is converted at it
During, it is necessary to physical and chemical condition can substantially reduce, this for save drug dosage, reduce production cost and reduce ring
Border pollution etc. is with the incomparable advantage of high polymerization degree chitin.
The preparation method of low polymerization degree chitin mainly includes (1) soda acid facture (Carbohydr repeatedly at present
Polym,1998,35(3):223-231).The method is with 1：21 solid-liquid ratio is by the deacetylated first of the degree of polymerization about 3700 or so
Shell element is put into 40% NaOH, and 2h is heated in 100 DEG C, and repeats this alkali process once.Hereafter will wash and do
Chitin after dry is again with 1：25 solid-liquid ratio processes 2h in putting into 30 DEG C of concentrated hydrochloric acid, then filtration washing and drying, most
The degree of polymerization of the chitosan for obtaining afterwards is about 50~2000.(2) electron beam plasma irradiation method (High Energy
Chemistry,2016,50(2):150-154).The high polymerization degree chitin that the method is directly about 5000 with the degree of polymerization is original
Material, in the atmospheric condition such as 60~90 DEG C of temperature, beam energy 30keV and oxygen, nitrogen, argon gas, ammonia, water vapour, helium
Lower treatment high polymerization degree 1~60min of chitin, the chitin degree of polymerization for obtaining is about 1~6.(3) highly concentrated acid system (Int J
Biol Macromol,2013,52:333-339).The method first prepares high polymerization degree chitin by raw material of shrimp shell, then right
This chitin carries out concentrated acid acidolysis to obtain low polymerization degree product.The step of being directed to is more loaded down with trivial details, mainly includes：By shrimp shell
Boiling boils 1h to remove water-soluble tissue in water, and 2h is then dried in 160 DEG C of baking ovens breaks with by the crystalline texture of chitin.
Then with solid-liquid ratio 1：Shrimp shell is put into 1.5M HCl treatments 30min at room temperature by 15, shrimp shell is washed till to be dried after neutrality and is removed
Calcium shrimp shell.Deliming shrimp shell is obtained the chitin product of high polymerization degree with the naoh treatment 2h of 45 DEG C, 2M.By height polymerization
Degree chitin product is with 1：3h is processed in the 7N hydrochloric acid solutions of 50 70 DEG C of solid-liquid ratio input, the method obtains the polymerization of chitin
Degree about 12.
Above is referred to low polymerization degree chitin preparation method with high polymerization degree chitin as raw material, in preparation process
Its macromolecular chain is interrupted so as to obtain low polymerization degree product.In general, the depolymerisation conditions of chitin are often more harsh, one
As need to use substantial amounts of chemical agent (acid, alkali) or unconventional physical means (electron beam plasma), and long preparation period,
It is also easy to cause the problems such as big low production efficiency, energy consumption, environmental pollution.
With shrimp and crab shells as raw material, with hydrochloric acid solution as solvent, a step obtains low polymerization degree chitin to the present invention.Due to shrimp crab
Chemical composition in shell mainly also includes calcium carbonate and protein in addition to chitin.Therefore low polymerization degree chitin is being obtained
Before, it is necessary to by the inorganic salts and removal of protein in shrimp and crab shells.The reaction principle being directed to is excellent using hydrochloric acid solution
Desalting ability removal shrimp and crab shells in mineral matter (Biomacromolecules, 2003,4 such as calcium carbonate:12-18), Er Qie
Hydrochloric acid also can be by protein hydrolysis (J Biol Chem, 1954,207 under heating condition:501-514), play to a certain extent
Substitute the effect of alkali lye solubilising protein, it is achieved thereby that removed simultaneously using hydrochloric acid solution one step in shrimp and crab shells calcium carbonate and
The purpose of protein.Additionally, chitin can also degrade as long chain carbohydrates under acid and heating condition, cause
Make its macromolecular chain that fracture occur so as to cause the degree of polymerization to decline.Therefore, can using hydrochloric acid solution under the conditions of uniform temperature
By inorganic salts and protein removal, while can also be by degradation of chitin, a step obtains low polymerization degree chitin from shrimp and crab shells.
In addition, need to only use hydrochloric acid solution as solvent in actual production processing, without using alkali lye or other
Chemicals, saves production cost.Production procedure is also simplify because chemicals is single and wastewater treatment difficulty is reduced.
It is directly with shrimp and crab shells as raw material to be additionally, since the method for preparing low polymerization degree chitin involved in the present invention, it is to avoid passed
High polymerization degree chitin is first prepared in system method, then prepares the stream long of low polymerization degree chitin as raw material with high polymerization degree chitin
Journey operation.The features such as preparation method of the present invention has few with short production cycle, drug dosage, product property stabilization, can use
In Glucosamine, functional food additives, cosmetics etc. are prepared, have broad application prospects.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method for preparing low polymerization degree chitin, using chitin prepared by the method
When oligomeric oligosaccharides is converted into, required condition is gentleer, belongs to clean manufacturing and green processing.
The invention provides a kind of method that low polymerization degree chitin is prepared from shrimp and crab shells, it is characterised in that by shrimp and crab shells water
Wash, dry after mix according to a certain percentage with hydrochloric acid solution, heating stirring reaction a period of time.Reaction has obtained insoluble after terminating
In the chitin finished product that low polymerization degree is obtained after the chitin of hydrochloric acid, scrubbed drying.
Described shrimp and crab shells source includes but is not limited to shell-fish shrimp and crab shells.
The particle diameter of shrimp and crab shells is below 300 mesh after the crushing.
The concentration of described hydrochloric acid solution is 2~8wt%.
Described shrimp and crab shells are 1g with the solid-liquid ratio of hydrochloric acid solution：10ml~1g：40ml.
Described heating-up temperature is 90~120 DEG C.
The described reaction time is 3~24h.
The color of the chitin finished product that methods described is prepared is white or faint yellow, and outward appearance is powder, particle or piece
Shape, the degree of polymerization is between 200~400.
The method of testing of the described chitin degree of polymerization is with 0.3mg by chitin finished product：The solid-liquid ratio of 1mL is dissolved in
Obtain mixed liquor in the lithium chloride/dimethylacetamide solvent of 5wt%, and after the characteristic of the mixed liquor is measured through falling ball viscometer
Viscosity, formula (1) (Polymer, 2000,41 is substituted into by inherent viscosity:2463-2469) it is calculated the polymerization of chitin finished product
Degree.
Difference of the inventive method compared with existing low polymerization degree chitin technology of preparing be：Shrimp and crab shells are directly used for former
Material, the chitin finished product of low polymerization degree can be obtained using only the step of hydrochloric acid solution one.In chitin field of deep, the chitin by
It is relatively low in the degree of polymerization and molecular weight, it is easily converted to shitosan, oligosaccharides and the Glucosamine of low polymerization degree.It is of the present invention
The preparation method of low polymerization degree chitin, process is simple, flow is short, efficiency high, can be widely used for food, feed, weaving, doctor
The fields such as medicine, cosmetics, agricultural.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
By crab shell in water washing by soaking, remove meat therein and water-soluble substances, be subsequently dried and crush, obtain 80
Purpose crab shell powder.Crab shell powder is mixed with the hydrochloric acid solution of 5wt%, heating stirring reaction, wherein crab shell and hydrochloric acid solution
Solid-liquid ratio be 1g：20ml, reaction temperature is 110 DEG C, and the reaction time is 7h.React the first insoluble in hydrochloric acid solution after terminating
The washing of shell element is simultaneously dried, and obtains the chitin finished product of low polymerization degree.The finished appearance is white powder, and the degree of polymerization is 300.
Embodiment 2
By shrimp shell in water washing by soaking, remove meat therein and water-soluble substances, be subsequently dried, obtain the shrimp of sheet
Shell.Shrimp shell is mixed with the hydrochloric acid solution of 4wt%, heating stirring reaction, wherein shrimp shell are 1g with the solid-liquid ratio of hydrochloric acid solution：
30ml, reaction temperature is 100 DEG C, and the reaction time is 12h.Chitin insoluble in hydrochloric acid solution is washed and done by reaction after terminating
It is dry, obtain the chitin finished product of low polymerization degree.The finished appearance is faint yellow sheet, and the degree of polymerization is 270.
Embodiment 3
By shrimp shell in water washing by soaking, remove meat therein and water-soluble substances, be subsequently dried and crush, obtain 20
Purpose shrimp shell powder.Shrimp shell powder is mixed with the hydrochloric acid solution of 3wt%, heating stirring reaction, wherein shrimp shell and hydrochloric acid solution
Solid-liquid ratio be 1g：40ml, reaction temperature is 90 DEG C, and the reaction time is 12h.React the first insoluble in hydrochloric acid solution after terminating
The washing of shell element is simultaneously dried, and obtains the chitin finished product of low polymerization degree.The finished appearance is yellowish coloured particles, and the degree of polymerization is 230.
Embodiment 4
By crab shell in water washing by soaking, remove meat therein and water-soluble substances, be subsequently dried and crush, obtain
The crab shell powder of 160 mesh.Crab shell powder is mixed with the hydrochloric acid solution of 2wt%, heating stirring reaction, wherein crab shell is molten with hydrochloric acid
The solid-liquid ratio of liquid is 1g：30ml, reaction temperature is 110 DEG C, and the reaction time is 8h.Reaction will not dissolve in hydrochloric acid solution after terminating
Chitin is washed and dried, and obtains the chitin finished product of low polymerization degree.The finished appearance is white particle, and the degree of polymerization is 400.
Embodiment 5
By crab shell in water washing by soaking, remove meat therein and water-soluble substances, be subsequently dried and crush, obtain
The crab shell powder of 300 mesh.Crab shell powder is mixed with the hydrochloric acid solution of 3wt%, heating stirring reaction, wherein crab shell is molten with hydrochloric acid
The solid-liquid ratio of liquid is 1g：18ml, reaction temperature is 90 DEG C, and the reaction time is 24h.Reaction will not dissolve in hydrochloric acid solution after terminating
Chitin is washed and dried, and obtains the chitin finished product of low polymerization degree.The finished appearance is white powder, and the degree of polymerization is 380.
Embodiment 6
By crab shell in water washing by soaking, remove meat therein and water-soluble substances, be subsequently dried, obtain sheet crab
Shell.Crab shell is mixed with the hydrochloric acid solution of 8wt%, heating stirring reaction, wherein crab shell are 1g with the solid-liquid ratio of hydrochloric acid solution：
15ml, reaction temperature is 90 DEG C, and the reaction time is 3h.Chitin insoluble in hydrochloric acid solution is washed and done by reaction after terminating
It is dry, obtain the chitin finished product of low polymerization degree.The finished appearance is white plates, and the degree of polymerization is 200.
Embodiment 7
By shrimp shell in water washing by soaking, remove meat therein and water-soluble substances, be subsequently dried and crush, obtain 60
Purpose shrimp shell powder.Shrimp shell powder is mixed with the hydrochloric acid solution of 3wt%, heating stirring reaction, wherein shrimp shell and hydrochloric acid solution
Solid-liquid ratio be 1g：20ml, reaction temperature is 110 DEG C, and the reaction time is 9h.React the first insoluble in hydrochloric acid solution after terminating
The washing of shell element is simultaneously dried, and obtains the chitin finished product of low polymerization degree.The finished appearance is pale yellow powder, and the degree of polymerization is 330.
Embodiment 8
By shrimp shell in water washing by soaking, remove meat therein and water-soluble substances, be subsequently dried and crush, obtain
The shrimp shell powder of 120 mesh.Shrimp shell powder is mixed with the hydrochloric acid solution of 6wt%, heating stirring reaction, wherein shrimp shell is molten with hydrochloric acid
The solid-liquid ratio of liquid is 1g：10ml, reaction temperature is 120 DEG C, and the reaction time is 7h.Reaction will not dissolve in hydrochloric acid solution after terminating
Chitin is washed and dried, and obtains the chitin finished product of low polymerization degree.The finished appearance is white particle, and the degree of polymerization is 230.
Embodiment 9
By crab shell in water washing by soaking, remove meat therein and water-soluble substances, be subsequently dried and crush, obtain 60
Purpose crab shell powder.Crab shell powder is mixed with the hydrochloric acid solution of 6wt%, heating stirring reaction, wherein crab shell and hydrochloric acid solution
Solid-liquid ratio be 1g：15ml, reaction temperature is 90 DEG C, and the reaction time is 6h.React the first insoluble in hydrochloric acid solution after terminating
The washing of shell element is simultaneously dried, and obtains the chitin finished product of low polymerization degree.The finished appearance is white powder, and the degree of polymerization is 200.
Embodiment 10
By shrimp shell in water washing by soaking, remove meat therein and water-soluble substances, be subsequently dried and crush, obtain 20
Purpose shrimp shell powder.Shrimp shell powder is mixed with the hydrochloric acid solution of 7wt%, heating stirring reaction, wherein shrimp shell and hydrochloric acid solution
Solid-liquid ratio be 1g：15ml, reaction temperature is 100 DEG C, and the reaction time is 5h.React the first insoluble in hydrochloric acid solution after terminating
The washing of shell element is simultaneously dried, and obtains the chitin finished product of low polymerization degree.The finished appearance is pale yellow powder, and the degree of polymerization is 240.
Embodiment 11
By shrimp shell in water washing by soaking, remove meat therein and water-soluble substances, be subsequently dried and crush, obtain 60
Purpose shrimp shell powder.Shrimp shell powder is mixed with the hydrochloric acid solution of 5wt%, heating stirring reaction, wherein shrimp shell and hydrochloric acid solution
Solid-liquid ratio be 1g：15ml, reaction temperature is 100 DEG C, and the reaction time is 5h.React the first insoluble in hydrochloric acid solution after terminating
The washing of shell element is simultaneously dried, and obtains the chitin finished product of low polymerization degree.The finished appearance is pale yellow powder, and the degree of polymerization is 340.
Embodiment 12
By shrimp shell in water washing by soaking, remove meat therein and water-soluble substances, be subsequently dried and crush, obtain
The shrimp shell powder of 120 mesh.Shrimp shell powder is mixed with the hydrochloric acid solution of 4wt%, heating stirring reaction, wherein shrimp shell is molten with hydrochloric acid
The solid-liquid ratio of liquid is 1g：20ml, reaction temperature is 110 DEG C, and the reaction time is 8h.Reaction will not dissolve in hydrochloric acid solution after terminating
Chitin is washed and dried, and obtains the chitin finished product of low polymerization degree.The finished appearance is pale yellow powder, and the degree of polymerization is 320.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of preparation method of low polymerization degree chitin, it is characterised in that mix shrimp and crab shells with hydrochloric acid solution, stirring, heating
Reaction is washed after a period of time, by the sample drying after washing, you can obtain the chitin finished product of low polymerization degree.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the particle diameter of shrimp and crab shells is below 300 mesh.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that concentration of hydrochloric acid solution is 2~8wt%.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that shrimp and crab shells are 1g with the solid-liquid ratio of hydrochloric acid solution：10ml~
1g：40ml.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that heating-up temperature is 90~120 DEG C.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the reaction time is 3~24h.
7. chitin finished product according to claim 1, it is characterised in that color be it is white or faint yellow, outward appearance be powder,
Particle or sheet, the degree of polymerization is between 200~400.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109134701A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2019-01-04 | 南京林业大学 | A method of the rapidly extracting high purity and low molecular weight chitin from shrimp and crab shells |
| WO2020199349A1 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | 厦门大学 | Nano pore channel-type natural slow and controlled release carrier material and preparation method therefor |
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| US20110282042A1 (en) * | 2009-01-14 | 2011-11-17 | Coyotefoods Biopolymer And Biotechnology, S.R.L. Mi | Obtainment of chitin from shrimp waste by means of microwave and/or autoclaving in combination with organic acids in a single stage |
| CN103936884A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-23 | 广西还珠海洋生物科技有限公司 | Method for extracting chitin from shrimp and crab shells |
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2017
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20110282042A1 (en) * | 2009-01-14 | 2011-11-17 | Coyotefoods Biopolymer And Biotechnology, S.R.L. Mi | Obtainment of chitin from shrimp waste by means of microwave and/or autoclaving in combination with organic acids in a single stage |
| CN103936884A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-23 | 广西还珠海洋生物科技有限公司 | Method for extracting chitin from shrimp and crab shells |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 段久芳: "《天然高分子材料》", 30 September 2016, 华中科技大学出版社 * |
| 陈惠: "《基础生物化学》", 31 August 2014, 中国农业出版社 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109134701A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2019-01-04 | 南京林业大学 | A method of the rapidly extracting high purity and low molecular weight chitin from shrimp and crab shells |
| CN109134701B (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2020-12-22 | 南京林业大学 | Method for rapidly extracting high-purity low-molecular-weight chitin from shrimp and crab shells |
| WO2020199349A1 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | 厦门大学 | Nano pore channel-type natural slow and controlled release carrier material and preparation method therefor |
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Application publication date: 20170613 |