CN106828400B - Commercial vehicle active control anti-collision mechanism capable of protecting pedestrians and vehicles at multiple angles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a commercial vehicle tail anti-collision device, and discloses a commercial vehicle active control anti-collision mechanism for protecting pedestrians and vehicles at multiple angles, which has multiple anti-collision functions, can actively control the parameters of the mechanism to reduce the damage of the collision to the vehicles and the pedestrians, absorbs the impact energy when the vehicles collide with the rear by utilizing the cooperation of a spring and a damper, and actively controls the collisions at different positions, thereby reducing the damage of the rear collision of the vehicles to the vehicles and passengers; meanwhile, the camera and the radar which are installed on the mechanism can realize active control of the spring damper through an electric control system, the damage caused by impact is reduced to the maximum extent through actively adjusting the parameters of the spring and the damper, the radar and the camera are matched to work by utilizing multiple driving modes, pedestrians, particularly children, buildings, vehicles and the like are protected, and safe driving is realized.

Description

An active control anti-collision mechanism for commercial vehicles that protects pedestrians and vehicles from multiple angles

Technical field:

The invention relates to the active safety of a commercial vehicle, which is an anti-collision mechanism used for protecting pedestrians and vehicles during the running of the commercial vehicle.

technical background:

Worldwide, more than 500,000 people die in traffic accidents every year, and 10 million people are injured in traffic accidents. On average, at least one person dies in traffic accidents every minute. With the continuous development of China's economy and society, the output of commercial vehicles The number of roads and vehicles keeps increasing, while the development of roads and traffic management are relatively backward, leading to an increase in the incidence of traffic accidents year by year, of which rear-end accidents of commercial vehicles account for a large proportion; commercial vehicles, especially trucks, have a high body height and a long body length. Longer, and the body height of passenger cars is relatively low, rear-end collision accidents occur during driving, passenger cars can easily get into the bottom of commercial vehicles and cause serious consequences, even if ordinary protective devices are installed, it is difficult to achieve collisions at different positions Produce the greatest protective effect; at the same time, due to the large blind spot of the driver at the rear of the commercial vehicle, collisions with pedestrians and buildings also occur from time to time while driving, and the current anti-collision devices of commercial vehicles still use passive safety anti-collision structure. In view of this, it is imperative to develop an active safety device for commercial vehicles.

There are many kinds of anti-collision mechanisms for commercial vehicles, but most of the patents disclosed at home and abroad are passive safety anti-collision devices. Patent CN 205524103 U installs a bumper at the rear of a heavy vehicle to buffer the impact, the purpose is to prevent small vehicles from entering the rear of heavy vehicles, which can prevent small vehicles from entering the rear of heavy vehicles and cause serious personnel and vehicle losses, and It can cushion the impact and reduce the intensity of the impact. The idea of this patent is better, and it belongs to the category of passive safety. I have analyzed the rear-end accidents of commercial vehicles and summarized commercial vehicle accidents, and proposed an active safety anti-collision mechanism for commercial vehicles. Under road conditions, four driving modes are used to monitor the driving conditions of the vehicle, and analyze possible accidents, and actively control the stiffness and damping parameters of the anti-collision mechanism to reduce the harm of collisions, and realize multi-angle protection of pedestrians, especially children. , the vehicle is protected, and at the same time, it can also realize the driver's tail without blind spot for reversing and turning, which can greatly reduce the collision of pedestrians and buildings.

Invention content:

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an anti-collision mechanism applied to commercial vehicles to protect pedestrians and vehicles, which can actively reduce the damage to pedestrians and vehicles caused by collisions, and provides A safer driving environment.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to realize:

An active control anti-collision mechanism for commercial vehicles that protects pedestrians and vehicles from multiple angles, and is characterized in that it includes a magneto-rheological fluid damper, an electronically controlled spring, a mechanical spring, an anti-collision beam, a single-chip electronic control system, a radar system, a camera, Sliding rear crossbeam; the magnetorheological fluid damper is connected with the electric control spring to cooperate with each other during work; the anti-collision beam is used to accept external impact; the single-chip electronic control system is used to receive the effective pedestrians collected by the radar and camera and vehicle information to control the damping of the magneto-rheological fluid damper and the stiffness of the electronically controlled spring; the slidable rear beam is used to install the spring and bear the load.

The technical solution uses two magneto-rheological fluid dampers that can achieve multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment and two electronically controlled springs that are used in conjunction with the magnetorheological fluid dampers, wherein the two electronically controlled springs are embedded in the tail laterally and symmetrically One end of the beam is fixed inside the tail beam, the other end is hinged to the pulley, and the pulley is hinged to one end of the magneto-rheological fluid damper at the same time to realize the cooperative use of the two, so that the anti-collision mechanism can realize the multi-angle anti-collision function. When a collision occurs at different angles, different anti-collision effects can be produced; when a collision occurs, the electric control spring has the smallest stiffness when the compression distance is less than 30 mm, and the damper damping is the largest. When the electric control spring compression distance is greater than or equal to 30 mm mm, the electric control spring begins to increase its stiffness gradually, and the damper begins to gradually reduce its damping, so that the rapid change of the angle of the damper's force can make the electric control spring move in the compression direction, prolonging the strong impact time.

The anti-collision beam described in the technical solution is a rigid structure inside, and rubber material is attached to its outer surface. Reduce the cost of the mechanism; the lower end is provided with two hinged supports, which are hinged to connect the magneto-fluid damper, and the outside of the anti-collision beam is used to install cameras and radars.

Both ends of the slidable tail crossbeam described in the technical proposal have a section of slide rail, and the structures at both ends are symmetrical. Two electrically controlled springs at the left end and right end are respectively embedded in the slide rail, and can move laterally.

The three cameras mentioned in the technical solution are installed at three different positions on the outside of the anti-collision beam, one of which is installed near the middle of the anti-collision beam, and the other two are respectively installed at the left and right ends of the anti-collision beam , and the three installation positions are horizontally collinear; during the driving process, the information of vehicles, pedestrians and buildings on the left side of the tail, the middle of the tail and the right side of the tail can be collected respectively, and the information can be transmitted to the electronic control system of the single chip microcomputer, and at the same time These three cameras can also realize the real-time transmission of three real-time images that mainly affect the driver's driving field of vision, namely, the left side of the rear, the middle of the rear and the right side of the rear of the vehicle, to the cab, eliminating the blind spot at the rear of the commercial vehicle, allowing the driver to reversing or turning. , avoiding collisions to pedestrians, especially children, and other vehicles.

One radar is used in the technical proposal, and it is installed in the middle of the outer side of the anti-collision beam. Its function is mainly used to measure the distance and relative speed between the rear vehicle and the vehicle when the vehicle is driving. The data obtained by the radar only needs As the basis for controlling the switch of the camera, the stiffness of the electronically controlled spring and the damping size of the magneto-rheological fluid damper, it does not need to be transmitted to the cab.

The radar and the camera described in the technical proposal are used together and are divided into four working modes, which are the working mode of highway driving, the working mode of national road or provincial road, the working mode of more complex road conditions such as cities or villages, and the working mode of reversing. ; When in the highway driving mode, the camera will start to work when the radar detects that the distance between the rear car and the rear of the car is less than or equal to 3 meters, and the relative speed is greater than or equal to 20 km/h, otherwise the camera will not work, which can reduce the vehicle power loss; when in the driving mode of the national road or provincial road, the speed of the vehicle is relatively low when driving at high speed, when the radar detects that the distance between the rear car and the rear of the car is less than or equal to 2 meters, and the relative speed is greater than or equal to 10 km/h, the camera It starts to work, otherwise the camera does not work, which is more conducive to the energy saving of the car; when it is in urban or rural mode, due to the complicated road conditions, both the radar and the camera are turned on, and the images collected by the camera are transmitted to the driver for reference. , to avoid hitting pedestrians or hitting bicycles or other vehicles; when in reverse mode, the camera and radar are all turned on to protect pedestrians, vehicles and buildings.

The three cameras described in the technical solution collect vehicle information at different positions at the rear of the car. In the three modes, when the radar detects that the distance between the rear vehicle and the front vehicle is less than or equal to 1 meter, the rear vehicle detected by each camera The size of the area is used to determine the position of the rear vehicle. When the vehicle that is about to collide is located in the middle of the rear of the commercial vehicle, control the stiffness and damping of the left and right electronically controlled springs and dampers to be consistent; when the vehicle that is about to collide is located at the left of the rear of the commercial vehicle When moving sideways, the left spring stiffness and damper damping increase rapidly from small to large with the start of the collision, while the right spring stiffness and damper damping size always maintain the maximum value, which can effectively improve the buffering effect of the left collision. Reduce the hazard of collision; when the vehicle that is about to collide is located on the right side of the rear of the commercial vehicle, the spring stiffness and damper damping of the right side increase rapidly from small to large as the collision begins, while the spring stiffness and damper damping of the left side The size has been kept at the maximum value, which can effectively improve the buffering effect of the right side collision and reduce the damage of the collision; at this time, the stiffness and damping size of the electronically controlled springs and dampers at the left and right ends are inconsistent.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1. The existing anti-collision mechanism of commercial vehicles can only rely on the energy absorption of the anti-collision material or structure to slow down the impact. The present invention uses a spring plus a damper to absorb the impact energy and buffer the impact intensity, and can realize the left, middle and right three The active control of rear-end collision at each position makes full use of the advantages of material energy absorption, and also applies springs and dampers to the device; at the same time, due to the randomness of collisions, each spring damper The synergistic effect minimizes the damage to vehicles caused by collisions, and can also effectively protect commercial vehicles from pedestrians and buildings.

2. By adding a camera and radar, and using a magneto-rheological fluid damper and an electronically controlled spring that can be actively controlled, due to the rapid adjustment of the damping of the magneto-rheological fluid damper and the stiffness of the electronically controlled spring, the instantaneous collision At the same time, it can better realize the ideal effect of the anti-collision structure, and at the same time actively change the damping, stiffness and structural force direction of the mechanism during the collision to the end, so as to minimize the impact. It seems that a simple commercial It is a car anti-collision mechanism, but it actually has more functions that play a great role in the driver's driving. The structure is relatively simple, which effectively improves the safety of collisions and driving.

3. By setting four driving modes, the driver can easily adjust different driving modes, which can not only alleviate the driver's driving difficulties in complex road conditions, but also realize the safety of pedestrians, especially children, buildings and vehicles under various road conditions. Protection, and realize the energy saving and environmental protection of the car.

4. By realizing real-time collection of vehicle and pedestrian information at the rear of the commercial vehicle, the driver can easily turn around.

Description of drawings:

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:

Accompanying drawing 1 is the tail beam structural diagram with slideway of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing 2 is the structural diagram of anti-collision beam of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing 3 is the sketch map after the present invention is installed.

Accompanying drawing 4 is a schematic side view of the normal operation of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing 5 is the assembly diagram of the tail beam with slideway.

Accompanying drawing 6 is the schematic top view of the inventive mechanism.

In the figure, 1, the anti-collision beam; 2, the spring fixed support of the anti-collision beam; 3, the camera at the right end; 4, the hinge support connected to the damper; 5, the radar; 6, the mechanical spring; 7, the magnetorheological fluid damping 8, the tail beam with slide; 9, the tie rod connecting the tail beam and the frame; 10, the frame; 11, the hinge support on the tail beam connected with the tie rod; 12, the electric control spring connected in the tail beam slideway 13, the slideway of the pulley; 14, the bolt hole fixedly connected with the frame; 15, the camera in the middle; 16, the camera at the right end; 17, the sketch of the rear of the commercial vehicle; 18, the left of the rear of the commercial vehicle Side vehicle; 19, the vehicle in the middle of the tail when the commercial vehicle is running; 20, the vehicle on the right side of the tail when the commercial vehicle is running; 21, the pulley embedded in the slideway; 22, the electric control spring; 23, the rear beam spring fixed support.

Detailed ways:

The specific implementation manner of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to Fig. 1, the tail beam 8 with the slideway connects the hinged support 11 with the vehicle frame 10 of the commercial vehicle through a hinge, and the four fixed installation holes 14 left at the upper end make it bolted to the vehicle frame 1, In this way, the rear beam 8 as shown in Figure 2 is fixed to the vehicle frame 1 and is integrated with the vehicle frame. The tail crossbeam 8 can make two small pulleys 21 slide freely in its slideway 13, two electrically controlled springs 22 one ends are connected with the hinged support 12 in the slideway, and one end is respectively hinged a small pulley 21. Another spring 6 is fixed on the spring fixed support 23 of crossbeam.

Referring to Fig. 2, the left side camera 3 is installed on the outside of the anti-collision beam, the middle camera 15, the right side camera 16 and the radar 5, the inboard has the bearing 2 installed with the spring, the bearing 4 installed with the damper. The tail crossbeam 8 of Fig. 1 is connected with the anti-collision beam 1 of Fig. 2 through the spring 6 and the damper 7, and the two magneto-rheological fluid dampers 7 are respectively connected to the pulley 21 and the hinge support 12 of the anti-collision beam by hinge, The fixed spring is fixedly connected with the spring support 2 of the anti-collision beam through the spring support 23 of the tail beam, so that a buffer mechanism with elastic properties and damping properties is formed.

Referring to Figure 3, the schematic diagram after the overall installation, when the anti-collision beam is impacted, the force will be transmitted to the mechanical spring 6 and the damper 7, and the damper is hinged with the pulley 21 to the electric control spring 22, so that it can be realized Springs, dampers and multiple buffer mechanisms to slow down the impact and minimize the damage to vehicles and personnel caused by instantaneous impacts.

Referring to Fig. 4, when the commercial vehicle is running, the left camera 3, the middle camera 15, the right camera 16 and the radar 5 can monitor the vehicle, pedestrian and building information at the rear in real time, so that the driver can know the road surface information at the rear, At the same time, the monitoring information of the three areas can be transmitted to the electronic control system of the single chip microcomputer. If the vehicle 19 that is about to collide is located in the middle of the commercial vehicle, the electronic control system receives the signal and controls the electronically controlled springs and dampers on the left and right sides. At this time, the stiffness and damping of the electronically controlled springs and dampers at the left and right ends are the same; The stiffness and damping of the actuator vary in magnitude. If there is a collision on the left side, the stiffness and damping values on the left side will be smaller and more variable than those on the right side.

Referring to Figure 5, the assembly diagram of the tail crossbeam with slideway is a schematic diagram of the structure after installing the mechanical spring 6, the damper 7 and the pulley 21. In this structure, the mechanical spring 6 and the damper 7 have a certain angle, And it is not coplanar with the rear beam 8 .

Referring to FIG. 6 for a top view of the mechanism of the invention, the top view can clearly express the spatial structure of the mechanism in combination with FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 .

Claims (2)

1. An active control anti-collision mechanism of a commercial vehicle for protecting pedestrians and vehicles from multiple angles is characterized by comprising a magnetorheological fluid damper, an electric control spring, a mechanical spring, an anti-collision beam, a single-chip microcomputer electric control system, a radar system, a camera and a slidable tail cross beam; the magnetorheological fluid damper is connected with the electric control spring and is matched with the electric control spring in work, two magnetorheological fluid dampers capable of achieving multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment and two electric control springs matched with the magnetorheological fluid damper are used, the two electric control springs are transversely and bilaterally symmetrically embedded into the tail cross beam, one ends of the two electric control springs are fixed inside the tail cross beam, the other ends of the two electric control springs are hinged with the pulley, and the pulley is hinged with one end of the magnetorheological fluid damper simultaneously to achieve the matching use of the two electric control springs, so that the anti-collision mechanism can achieve a multi-angle anti-collision function and can generate different anti-collision effects when collision is carried out at different angles; when collision occurs, the rigidity of the electric control spring is minimum and the damping of the damper is maximum in the process that the compression distance of the electric control spring is less than 30 millimeters, when the compression distance of the electric control spring is greater than or equal to 30 millimeters, the rigidity of the electric control spring begins to be gradually increased, and the damping of the damper begins to be gradually reduced, so that the electric control spring can move towards the compression direction due to the rapid change of the stress angle of the damper, and the strong impact time is prolonged; the anti-collision beam is used for receiving external impact, the interior of the anti-collision beam is of a rigid structure, rubber materials are attached to the outer surface of the anti-collision beam, the mechanical spring is fixedly mounted at the middle point of the upper end of the inner side of the anti-collision beam, the anti-collision beam can move in multiple directions, two hinged supports are arranged at the lower end of the anti-collision beam, the magnetorheological damper is connected through a hinge, and a camera and a radar are mounted on the outer side of the anti-collision beam; the singlechip electric control system is used for receiving effective pedestrian and vehicle information acquired by the radar and the camera so as to control the damping of the magnetorheological fluid damper and the rigidity of the electric control spring; the slidable tail cross beam is used for mounting the springs and bearing load, two ends of the slidable tail cross beam are respectively provided with a section of sliding rail, the two ends of the slidable tail cross beam are symmetrical in structure, and the two electric control springs at the left end and the right end are respectively embedded into the sliding rails and can transversely move; the magnetorheological fluid damper and the electric control spring are used for increasing the buffering during collision, increasing the collision time, reducing the collision acceleration and converting the collision process of the rear-end collision commercial vehicle of the passenger vehicle from a rigid process into a flexible process; when the distance between a rear vehicle and a front vehicle is measured by a radar to be less than or equal to 1 m in 3 modes, the position of a tail vehicle is judged according to the area of the tail vehicle collected by each camera, and when the rear-end vehicle is located at the middle position of the tail of the commercial vehicle, the rigidity and the damping of a left electric control spring, a right electric control spring and a damper are controlled to be consistent; when the vehicle which will collide with the rear is positioned on the left side or the right side of the tail of the commercial vehicle, the rigidity and the damping of the electric control spring and the damper at the left end and the right end are inconsistent.

2. The active control collision avoidance mechanism for commercial vehicles for protecting pedestrians and vehicles from multiple angles as claimed in claim 1, wherein three cameras are adopted and respectively installed at three different positions outside the collision avoidance beam, one of which is installed near the middle position of the collision avoidance beam, the other two of which are respectively installed at the left and right ends of the collision avoidance beam, and the three installation positions are horizontally collinear; in the running process of the automobile, the information of vehicles, pedestrians and buildings on the left side of the tail part, the middle of the tail part and the right side of the tail part can be respectively collected and transmitted to the single chip microcomputer electric control system, and meanwhile, the three cameras can also realize the transmission of three real-time pictures which mainly affect the driving visual field of a driver on the left side of the tail part, the middle of the tail part and the right side of the tail part of the vehicle to a cab, so that a blind area of the tail part of the commercial vehicle is eliminated, and the collision of the drivers on the pedestrians and other vehicles is avoided when the drivers back up or turn; the method is characterized in that 1 radar is arranged at the middle position of the outer side of an anti-collision beam and mainly used for measuring the distance and the relative speed between a tail vehicle and the vehicle when the vehicle runs, and data obtained by the radar only needs to be used as a basis for controlling the camera switch, the rigidity of an electric control spring and the damping of a magnetorheological fluid damper and does not need to be transmitted to a cab; the radar and the camera are matched for use and are divided into four working modes, namely a highway driving working mode, a national road or provincial road working mode, an urban or rural working mode and a reversing working mode; when the vehicle is in a highway driving mode, when the distance between the vehicle and the tail part of the vehicle is less than or equal to 3 meters after the radar detects that the relative speed is greater than or equal to 20 kilometers per hour, the camera starts to work, otherwise, the camera does not work, so that the loss of the electric energy of the vehicle can be reduced; when the vehicle is in a national road or provincial road running mode, the vehicle speed is lower when the vehicle runs at a relatively high speed, the distance between the vehicle and the tail part of the vehicle after being measured by the radar is less than or equal to 2 meters, and the relative vehicle speed is greater than or equal to 10 kilometers per hour, the camera starts to work, otherwise, the camera does not work, so that the energy conservation of the vehicle is facilitated; when the vehicle is in the urban or rural mode, the radar and the camera are all started due to the complex road condition, and the picture acquired by the camera is transmitted to the driver for reference when driving, so that the pedestrian is prevented from being injured or the bicycle or other vehicles are prevented from being impacted; when the vehicle is in a reversing working mode, the camera and the radar are all opened and are used for protecting pedestrians, vehicles and buildings; the 3 cameras collect the vehicle information of different positions of the tail part of the vehicle.

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