CN106828400B - Commercial vehicle active control anti-collision mechanism capable of protecting pedestrians and vehicles at multiple angles - Google Patents

Commercial vehicle active control anti-collision mechanism capable of protecting pedestrians and vehicles at multiple angles Download PDF

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CN106828400B
CN106828400B CN201710122892.6A CN201710122892A CN106828400B CN 106828400 B CN106828400 B CN 106828400B CN 201710122892 A CN201710122892 A CN 201710122892A CN 106828400 B CN106828400 B CN 106828400B
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vehicle
collision
electric control
vehicles
camera
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CN106828400A (en
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张佳旭
郑宏宇
程成
赵明新
李雪松
宗长富
张友朋
赵梦迪
王建涛
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Jilin University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/34Protecting non-occupants of a vehicle, e.g. pedestrians
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/24Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles
    • B60R19/26Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles comprising yieldable mounting means
    • B60R19/36Combinations of yieldable mounting means of different types
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/48Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects combined with, or convertible into, other devices or objects, e.g. bumpers combined with road brushes, bumpers convertible into beds
    • B60R19/483Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects combined with, or convertible into, other devices or objects, e.g. bumpers combined with road brushes, bumpers convertible into beds with obstacle sensors of electric or electronic type

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a commercial vehicle tail anti-collision device, and discloses a commercial vehicle active control anti-collision mechanism for protecting pedestrians and vehicles at multiple angles, which has multiple anti-collision functions, can actively control the parameters of the mechanism to reduce the damage of the collision to the vehicles and the pedestrians, absorbs the impact energy when the vehicles collide with the rear by utilizing the cooperation of a spring and a damper, and actively controls the collisions at different positions, thereby reducing the damage of the rear collision of the vehicles to the vehicles and passengers; meanwhile, the camera and the radar which are installed on the mechanism can realize active control of the spring damper through an electric control system, the damage caused by impact is reduced to the maximum extent through actively adjusting the parameters of the spring and the damper, the radar and the camera are matched to work by utilizing multiple driving modes, pedestrians, particularly children, buildings, vehicles and the like are protected, and safe driving is realized.

Description

一种多角度保护行人和车辆的商用车主动控制防撞机构An active control anti-collision mechanism for commercial vehicles that protects pedestrians and vehicles from multiple angles

技术领域:Technical field:

本发明涉及商用车的主动安全,用于商用车在行驶过程中保护行人和车辆的防撞机构。The invention relates to the active safety of a commercial vehicle, which is an anti-collision mechanism used for protecting pedestrians and vehicles during the running of the commercial vehicle.

技术背景:technical background:

世界范围内,每年有超过50万人死于交通事故,1000万人受伤于交通事故中,平均每分钟就至少有一人死于交通事故,并且随着我国经济社会的不断发展,商用车的产量和保有量不断增加,而公路发展、交通管理却相对落后,导致交通事故发生率逐年攀升,其中商用车的追尾事故占了很大比例;商用车尤其是货车,其车身高度较高,车身长度较长,而乘用车车身高度相对较低,在行驶时发生追尾事故,乘用车极易钻入商用车底部产生严重的后果,即使加装普通的防护装置,也很难实现不同位置撞击产生最大的防护效果;与此同时,由于商用车尾部对驾驶员的盲区较大,在行驶时对行人和建筑物的碰撞也时有发生,而目前商用车的防撞装置还一直使用被动安全的防撞结构。鉴于此,开发一种商用车的主动安全装置势在必行。Worldwide, more than 500,000 people die in traffic accidents every year, and 10 million people are injured in traffic accidents. On average, at least one person dies in traffic accidents every minute. With the continuous development of China's economy and society, the output of commercial vehicles The number of roads and vehicles keeps increasing, while the development of roads and traffic management are relatively backward, leading to an increase in the incidence of traffic accidents year by year, of which rear-end accidents of commercial vehicles account for a large proportion; commercial vehicles, especially trucks, have a high body height and a long body length. Longer, and the body height of passenger cars is relatively low, rear-end collision accidents occur during driving, passenger cars can easily get into the bottom of commercial vehicles and cause serious consequences, even if ordinary protective devices are installed, it is difficult to achieve collisions at different positions Produce the greatest protective effect; at the same time, due to the large blind spot of the driver at the rear of the commercial vehicle, collisions with pedestrians and buildings also occur from time to time while driving, and the current anti-collision devices of commercial vehicles still use passive safety anti-collision structure. In view of this, it is imperative to develop an active safety device for commercial vehicles.

商用车防撞机构有很多种,但目前国内外公开的专利多数为被动安全的防撞装置。专利CN 205524103 U在重型车尾部加装一个保险杠的方式进行缓冲撞击,目的在于防止小型车钻入重型车尾部,既可防止发生小型车钻入重型车尾部造成严重的人员和车辆损失,又可缓冲撞击降低碰撞的强度。该专利的想法较好,属于被动安全的范畴,本人对商用车发生追尾事故的分析和对商用车事故的总结,提出一种商用车主动安全的防碰撞机构,该机构主要目的在于在各种路况下采用四种驾驶模式的方式来对车辆的行驶状况作出监测,并对可能发生的事故作出分析,主动控制防撞机构的刚度和阻尼参数来降低碰撞的危害,实现多角度对行人尤其儿童、车辆进行保护,同时还可以实现驾驶员尾部无盲区倒车和转向行驶,可大大降低对行人和建筑物的碰撞。There are many kinds of anti-collision mechanisms for commercial vehicles, but most of the patents disclosed at home and abroad are passive safety anti-collision devices. Patent CN 205524103 U installs a bumper at the rear of a heavy vehicle to buffer the impact, the purpose is to prevent small vehicles from entering the rear of heavy vehicles, which can prevent small vehicles from entering the rear of heavy vehicles and cause serious personnel and vehicle losses, and It can cushion the impact and reduce the intensity of the impact. The idea of this patent is better, and it belongs to the category of passive safety. I have analyzed the rear-end accidents of commercial vehicles and summarized commercial vehicle accidents, and proposed an active safety anti-collision mechanism for commercial vehicles. Under road conditions, four driving modes are used to monitor the driving conditions of the vehicle, and analyze possible accidents, and actively control the stiffness and damping parameters of the anti-collision mechanism to reduce the harm of collisions, and realize multi-angle protection of pedestrians, especially children. , the vehicle is protected, and at the same time, it can also realize the driver's tail without blind spot for reversing and turning, which can greatly reduce the collision of pedestrians and buildings.

发明内容:Invention content:

本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的问题,提供一种应用于商用车保护行人和车辆的防撞机构,该机构可以实现主动降低碰撞对行人和车辆的损伤,并且为商用车提供了更安全的驾驶环境。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an anti-collision mechanism applied to commercial vehicles to protect pedestrians and vehicles, which can actively reduce the damage to pedestrians and vehicles caused by collisions, and provides A safer driving environment.

为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案实现的:In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to realize:

一种多角度保护行人和车辆的商用车主动控制防撞机构,其特征在于包括磁流变液阻尼器、电控弹簧、机械弹簧、防撞梁、单片机电控系统、雷达系统、摄像头、可滑动的尾部横梁;其中磁流变液阻尼器与电控弹簧相连接,在工作中相互配合;防撞梁用来接受外界撞击;单片机电控系统用来接收所述雷达和摄像头采集的有效行人和车辆信息进而控制所述磁流变液阻尼器的阻尼和电控弹簧的刚度;可滑动的尾部横梁用来安装弹簧并承受载荷。An active control anti-collision mechanism for commercial vehicles that protects pedestrians and vehicles from multiple angles, and is characterized in that it includes a magneto-rheological fluid damper, an electronically controlled spring, a mechanical spring, an anti-collision beam, a single-chip electronic control system, a radar system, a camera, Sliding rear crossbeam; the magnetorheological fluid damper is connected with the electric control spring to cooperate with each other during work; the anti-collision beam is used to accept external impact; the single-chip electronic control system is used to receive the effective pedestrians collected by the radar and camera and vehicle information to control the damping of the magneto-rheological fluid damper and the stiffness of the electronically controlled spring; the slidable rear beam is used to install the spring and bear the load.

技术方案中所述的使用两个可以实现多自由度调节的磁流变液阻尼器和两个与磁流变液阻尼器配合使用的电控弹簧,其中两个电控弹簧横向左右对称嵌入尾部横梁,其一端固定于尾部横梁的内部,另一端与滑轮铰接,滑轮同时与磁流变液阻尼器的一端铰接,实现二者的配合使用,这样防撞机构可以实现多角度防撞功能,在发生不同角度碰撞时,可产生不同的防撞效果;当发生碰撞时,电控弹簧被压缩距离小于30毫米的过程中其刚度最小,阻尼器阻尼最大,当电控弹簧压缩距离大于或等于30毫米时,电控弹簧开始逐渐增大其刚度,阻尼器开始逐渐减小其阻尼,这样可实现阻尼器受力的角度的快速变化使得所述电控弹簧向压缩方向移动,延长强烈撞击时间。The technical solution uses two magneto-rheological fluid dampers that can achieve multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment and two electronically controlled springs that are used in conjunction with the magnetorheological fluid dampers, wherein the two electronically controlled springs are embedded in the tail laterally and symmetrically One end of the beam is fixed inside the tail beam, the other end is hinged to the pulley, and the pulley is hinged to one end of the magneto-rheological fluid damper at the same time to realize the cooperative use of the two, so that the anti-collision mechanism can realize the multi-angle anti-collision function. When a collision occurs at different angles, different anti-collision effects can be produced; when a collision occurs, the electric control spring has the smallest stiffness when the compression distance is less than 30 mm, and the damper damping is the largest. When the electric control spring compression distance is greater than or equal to 30 mm mm, the electric control spring begins to increase its stiffness gradually, and the damper begins to gradually reduce its damping, so that the rapid change of the angle of the damper's force can make the electric control spring move in the compression direction, prolonging the strong impact time.

技术方案中所述的防撞梁为内部为刚性结构,在其外表面附有橡胶材料,其内侧上端中点处固定安装所述机械弹簧,可使防撞梁多方向移动,同时机械弹簧可以降低机构的成本;下端设置有两铰接支座,用铰链连接磁流液变阻尼器,防撞梁外侧用来安装摄像头和雷达。The anti-collision beam described in the technical solution is a rigid structure inside, and rubber material is attached to its outer surface. Reduce the cost of the mechanism; the lower end is provided with two hinged supports, which are hinged to connect the magneto-fluid damper, and the outside of the anti-collision beam is used to install cameras and radars.

技术方案中所述的可滑动的尾部横梁两端均有一段滑轨,两端结构对称,左端和右端两电控弹簧分别嵌入滑轨,可横向运动。Both ends of the slidable tail crossbeam described in the technical proposal have a section of slide rail, and the structures at both ends are symmetrical. Two electrically controlled springs at the left end and right end are respectively embedded in the slide rail, and can move laterally.

技术方案中所述的采用三个摄像头,分别安装于防撞梁外侧的三个不同位置,其中一个安装于防撞梁中间位置附近,另外两个分别安装于防撞梁的左、右两端,且三个安装位置水平共线;在汽车行驶过程中,可以分别采集尾部左侧、尾部中间和尾部右侧的车辆、行人和建筑物信息,并将此信息传输到单片机电控系统,同时这三个摄像头也可以实现将车辆尾部左侧、尾部中间和尾部右侧三个主要影响驾驶员驾驶视野的实时画面传输到驾驶室,消除商用车尾部的盲区,使得驾驶员在倒车或转弯时,避免了对行人尤其是儿童以及其他车辆的碰撞。The three cameras mentioned in the technical solution are installed at three different positions on the outside of the anti-collision beam, one of which is installed near the middle of the anti-collision beam, and the other two are respectively installed at the left and right ends of the anti-collision beam , and the three installation positions are horizontally collinear; during the driving process, the information of vehicles, pedestrians and buildings on the left side of the tail, the middle of the tail and the right side of the tail can be collected respectively, and the information can be transmitted to the electronic control system of the single chip microcomputer, and at the same time These three cameras can also realize the real-time transmission of three real-time images that mainly affect the driver's driving field of vision, namely, the left side of the rear, the middle of the rear and the right side of the rear of the vehicle, to the cab, eliminating the blind spot at the rear of the commercial vehicle, allowing the driver to reversing or turning. , avoiding collisions to pedestrians, especially children, and other vehicles.

技术方案中所述的采用1个雷达,安转于防撞梁外侧的中间位置,其作用主要用来在车辆行驶时测量尾部车辆与该车的距离和相对速度,该雷达得到的数据只需要作为控制摄像头开关、电控弹簧刚度和磁流变液阻尼器阻尼大小的依据,无需传输到驾驶室。One radar is used in the technical proposal, and it is installed in the middle of the outer side of the anti-collision beam. Its function is mainly used to measure the distance and relative speed between the rear vehicle and the vehicle when the vehicle is driving. The data obtained by the radar only needs As the basis for controlling the switch of the camera, the stiffness of the electronically controlled spring and the damping size of the magneto-rheological fluid damper, it does not need to be transmitted to the cab.

技术方案中所述的雷达和摄像头配合使用,分为四种工作模式,分别是高速公路行驶工作模式、国道或省道的工作模式、城市或乡村等较为复杂路况的工作模式、倒车的工作模式;当处于高速公路行驶模式时,雷达测出后车距该车尾部小于或等于3米时,且相对车速大于或等于20公里/小时,摄像头才开始工作,否则摄像头不工作,可以减少车辆电能的损耗;当处于国道或省道行驶模式时,车速相对高速行驶时较低,雷达测出后车距该车尾部小于或等于2米时,且相对车速大于或等于10公里/小时时,摄像头才开始工作,否则摄像头不工作,这样更有利于汽车节能;当处于城市或乡村模式时,由于路况较为复杂,雷达和摄像头全部开启,并且将摄像头采集的画面传到驾驶时以供驾驶员参考,避免撞伤行人或撞击到自行车或其他车辆;当处于倒车工作模式时,摄像头和雷达全部打开,用于保护行人、车辆和建筑物。The radar and the camera described in the technical proposal are used together and are divided into four working modes, which are the working mode of highway driving, the working mode of national road or provincial road, the working mode of more complex road conditions such as cities or villages, and the working mode of reversing. ; When in the highway driving mode, the camera will start to work when the radar detects that the distance between the rear car and the rear of the car is less than or equal to 3 meters, and the relative speed is greater than or equal to 20 km/h, otherwise the camera will not work, which can reduce the vehicle power loss; when in the driving mode of the national road or provincial road, the speed of the vehicle is relatively low when driving at high speed, when the radar detects that the distance between the rear car and the rear of the car is less than or equal to 2 meters, and the relative speed is greater than or equal to 10 km/h, the camera It starts to work, otherwise the camera does not work, which is more conducive to the energy saving of the car; when it is in urban or rural mode, due to the complicated road conditions, both the radar and the camera are turned on, and the images collected by the camera are transmitted to the driver for reference. , to avoid hitting pedestrians or hitting bicycles or other vehicles; when in reverse mode, the camera and radar are all turned on to protect pedestrians, vehicles and buildings.

技术方案中所述的3个摄像头采集该车尾部不同位置的车辆信息,在3种模式下当雷达测出后车与前车车距小于或等于1米时,根据各个摄像头所采集到尾部车辆面积的大小来判断尾部车辆的位置,当即将追尾的车辆位于商用车尾部中间位置时,控制左右两电控弹簧和阻尼器刚度和阻尼大小一致;当即将追尾的的车辆位于商用车尾部的左侧时,左侧弹簧刚度和阻尼器阻尼由小到大随碰撞开始到迅速增大,而右侧弹簧刚度和阻尼器的阻尼大小一直保持最大值,这样可以有效提高左侧碰撞的缓冲效果,降低碰撞的危害;当即将追尾的的车辆位于商用车尾部的右侧时,右侧弹簧刚度和阻尼器阻尼由小到大随碰撞开始到迅速增大,而左侧弹簧刚度和阻尼器的阻尼大小一直保持最大值,这样可以有效提高右侧碰撞的缓冲效果,降低碰撞的危害;此时左右两端的电控弹簧和阻尼器的刚度和阻尼大小不一致。The three cameras described in the technical solution collect vehicle information at different positions at the rear of the car. In the three modes, when the radar detects that the distance between the rear vehicle and the front vehicle is less than or equal to 1 meter, the rear vehicle detected by each camera The size of the area is used to determine the position of the rear vehicle. When the vehicle that is about to collide is located in the middle of the rear of the commercial vehicle, control the stiffness and damping of the left and right electronically controlled springs and dampers to be consistent; when the vehicle that is about to collide is located at the left of the rear of the commercial vehicle When moving sideways, the left spring stiffness and damper damping increase rapidly from small to large with the start of the collision, while the right spring stiffness and damper damping size always maintain the maximum value, which can effectively improve the buffering effect of the left collision. Reduce the hazard of collision; when the vehicle that is about to collide is located on the right side of the rear of the commercial vehicle, the spring stiffness and damper damping of the right side increase rapidly from small to large as the collision begins, while the spring stiffness and damper damping of the left side The size has been kept at the maximum value, which can effectively improve the buffering effect of the right side collision and reduce the damage of the collision; at this time, the stiffness and damping size of the electronically controlled springs and dampers at the left and right ends are inconsistent.

与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1,现有的商用车防撞机构只能靠防撞材料或结构的吸能来缓减撞击,本发明采用弹簧加阻尼器来吸收撞击能量缓冲撞击强度,而且可以实现左、中、右三个位置追尾的主动控制,充分利用材料吸能的优点的同时,还将弹簧和阻尼器应用到该装置中;于此同时,由于碰撞发生的随机性,在不同位置撞击时,各个弹簧阻尼器协同作用,将撞击对车辆的伤害降到最低,也可有力的保护商用车对行人和建筑物。1. The existing anti-collision mechanism of commercial vehicles can only rely on the energy absorption of the anti-collision material or structure to slow down the impact. The present invention uses a spring plus a damper to absorb the impact energy and buffer the impact intensity, and can realize the left, middle and right three The active control of rear-end collision at each position makes full use of the advantages of material energy absorption, and also applies springs and dampers to the device; at the same time, due to the randomness of collisions, each spring damper The synergistic effect minimizes the damage to vehicles caused by collisions, and can also effectively protect commercial vehicles from pedestrians and buildings.

2,通过加装摄像头和雷达,并且采用可实现主动控制的磁流变液阻尼器和电控弹簧,由于磁流变液阻尼器的阻尼和电控弹簧的刚度调节迅速,在发生瞬间的碰撞时,可更好地实现防撞结构所要达到的理想效果,同时在碰撞发生到结束的过程中主动变化机构的阻尼、刚度和结构受力方向,最大限度缓减冲击,看似一个简单的商用车防撞机构,但实际具有较多对驾驶员驾驶起很大作用的功能,结构较为简单,有效提高了碰撞和驾驶的安全性。2. By adding a camera and radar, and using a magneto-rheological fluid damper and an electronically controlled spring that can be actively controlled, due to the rapid adjustment of the damping of the magneto-rheological fluid damper and the stiffness of the electronically controlled spring, the instantaneous collision At the same time, it can better realize the ideal effect of the anti-collision structure, and at the same time actively change the damping, stiffness and structural force direction of the mechanism during the collision to the end, so as to minimize the impact. It seems that a simple commercial It is a car anti-collision mechanism, but it actually has more functions that play a great role in the driver's driving. The structure is relatively simple, which effectively improves the safety of collisions and driving.

3,通过设置四种驾驶模式,驾驶员可轻松调节不同的驾驶模式,既可减轻驾驶员遇复杂路况的驾驶困难,又可实现在各种路况下队行人尤其是儿童、建筑物和车辆的保护,并且实现汽车的节能环保。3. By setting four driving modes, the driver can easily adjust different driving modes, which can not only alleviate the driver's driving difficulties in complex road conditions, but also realize the safety of pedestrians, especially children, buildings and vehicles under various road conditions. Protection, and realize the energy saving and environmental protection of the car.

4,通过实现实时采集商用车尾部的车辆和行人信息,可以使驾驶员轻松实现转弯调头。4. By realizing real-time collection of vehicle and pedestrian information at the rear of the commercial vehicle, the driver can easily turn around.

附图说明:Description of drawings:

下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明:Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:

附图1是本发明带滑道的尾部横梁结构图。Accompanying drawing 1 is the tail beam structural diagram with slideway of the present invention.

附图2是本发明防撞梁的结构图。Accompanying drawing 2 is the structural diagram of anti-collision beam of the present invention.

附图3是本发明安装后的简图。Accompanying drawing 3 is the sketch map after the present invention is installed.

附图4是本发明正常工作的侧视简图。Accompanying drawing 4 is a schematic side view of the normal operation of the present invention.

附图5带滑道的尾部横梁装配简图。Accompanying drawing 5 is the assembly diagram of the tail beam with slideway.

附图6发明机构的俯视简图。Accompanying drawing 6 is the schematic top view of the inventive mechanism.

图中,1,防撞梁;2,防撞梁弹簧固定支座;3,右端摄像头;4,连接阻尼器的铰支座;5,雷达;6,机械弹簧;7,磁流变液阻尼器;8,带滑到的尾部横梁;9,尾部横梁与车架连接的拉杆;10,车架;11,尾部横梁上与拉杆连接的铰支座;12,尾部横梁滑道内连接电控弹簧的铰支座;13,滑轮的滑道;14,与车架固定连接的螺栓孔;15,中部的摄像头;16,右端摄像头;17,商用车尾部简图;18,商用车行驶时尾部左侧车辆;19,商用车行驶时尾部中间车辆;20,商用车行驶时尾部右侧车辆;21,嵌入滑道的滑轮;22,电控弹簧;23,尾部横梁弹簧固定支座。In the figure, 1, the anti-collision beam; 2, the spring fixed support of the anti-collision beam; 3, the camera at the right end; 4, the hinge support connected to the damper; 5, the radar; 6, the mechanical spring; 7, the magnetorheological fluid damping 8, the tail beam with slide; 9, the tie rod connecting the tail beam and the frame; 10, the frame; 11, the hinge support on the tail beam connected with the tie rod; 12, the electric control spring connected in the tail beam slideway 13, the slideway of the pulley; 14, the bolt hole fixedly connected with the frame; 15, the camera in the middle; 16, the camera at the right end; 17, the sketch of the rear of the commercial vehicle; 18, the left of the rear of the commercial vehicle Side vehicle; 19, the vehicle in the middle of the tail when the commercial vehicle is running; 20, the vehicle on the right side of the tail when the commercial vehicle is running; 21, the pulley embedded in the slideway; 22, the electric control spring; 23, the rear beam spring fixed support.

具体实施方式:Detailed ways:

下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的描述。The specific implementation manner of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

参看图1,带有滑道的尾部横梁8通过铰链将铰接支座11与商用车的车架10连接,上端的留有的四个固定安装孔14将其与车架1进行螺栓固定连接,这样便使得如图2的尾部横梁8与车架1固定,与车架形成一体。尾部横梁8在其滑道13内可以使得两个小滑轮21自由滑动,两个电控弹簧22一端与滑道内的铰接支座12连接,一端各自铰接一个小滑轮21。另一个弹簧6固定在横梁的弹簧固定支座23上。Referring to Fig. 1, the tail beam 8 with the slideway connects the hinged support 11 with the vehicle frame 10 of the commercial vehicle through a hinge, and the four fixed installation holes 14 left at the upper end make it bolted to the vehicle frame 1, In this way, the rear beam 8 as shown in Figure 2 is fixed to the vehicle frame 1 and is integrated with the vehicle frame. The tail crossbeam 8 can make two small pulleys 21 slide freely in its slideway 13, two electrically controlled springs 22 one ends are connected with the hinged support 12 in the slideway, and one end is respectively hinged a small pulley 21. Another spring 6 is fixed on the spring fixed support 23 of crossbeam.

参看图2,防撞梁外侧安装了左侧摄像头3,中间摄像头15,右侧摄像头16和雷达5,内侧有与弹簧安装的支座2、与阻尼器安装的支座4。图1的尾部横梁8与图2的防撞梁1通过弹簧6和阻尼器7进行连接,两个磁流变液阻尼器7通过铰接的分别连接滑轮21和防撞梁的铰支座12,固定弹簧通过尾部横梁的弹簧支座23与防撞梁的弹簧支座2固定连接,这样便形成了一个具有弹性特性和阻尼特性的缓冲机构。Referring to Fig. 2, the left side camera 3 is installed on the outside of the anti-collision beam, the middle camera 15, the right side camera 16 and the radar 5, the inboard has the bearing 2 installed with the spring, the bearing 4 installed with the damper. The tail crossbeam 8 of Fig. 1 is connected with the anti-collision beam 1 of Fig. 2 through the spring 6 and the damper 7, and the two magneto-rheological fluid dampers 7 are respectively connected to the pulley 21 and the hinge support 12 of the anti-collision beam by hinge, The fixed spring is fixedly connected with the spring support 2 of the anti-collision beam through the spring support 23 of the tail beam, so that a buffer mechanism with elastic properties and damping properties is formed.

参看图3,整体安装之后的简图,当防撞梁受到冲击力时,就会将力传递到机械弹簧6和阻尼器7,阻尼器由于与滑轮21铰接电控弹簧22,这样便可实现弹簧,阻尼器多个缓冲机构来缓减冲击,最大限度的降低瞬间的撞击对车辆和人员的损伤。Referring to Figure 3, the schematic diagram after the overall installation, when the anti-collision beam is impacted, the force will be transmitted to the mechanical spring 6 and the damper 7, and the damper is hinged with the pulley 21 to the electric control spring 22, so that it can be realized Springs, dampers and multiple buffer mechanisms to slow down the impact and minimize the damage to vehicles and personnel caused by instantaneous impacts.

参看图4,商用车在行驶过程中,左侧摄像头3,中间摄像头15,右侧摄像头16和雷达5可实时监测尾部的车辆、行人和建筑物信息,可以使驾驶员获知尾部的路面信息,同时,三个区域的监测信息可以通过传输到单片机电控系统,如果即将发生追尾的车辆19位于商用车的中间位置,则电控系统接收到该信号并控制左右两侧的电控弹簧和阻尼器开始工作,此时左右两端的电控弹簧和阻尼器的刚度和阻尼大小变化相同;如果即将发生的碰撞位于防撞梁的两侧,则电控系统则控制两侧的电控弹簧和阻尼器的刚度和阻尼大小变化不同。左侧发生碰撞,左侧的刚度和阻尼值较右侧的小且变化更大,同理,右侧发生碰撞,右侧的刚度和阻尼值较左侧的小且变化更大。Referring to Fig. 4, when the commercial vehicle is running, the left camera 3, the middle camera 15, the right camera 16 and the radar 5 can monitor the vehicle, pedestrian and building information at the rear in real time, so that the driver can know the road surface information at the rear, At the same time, the monitoring information of the three areas can be transmitted to the electronic control system of the single chip microcomputer. If the vehicle 19 that is about to collide is located in the middle of the commercial vehicle, the electronic control system receives the signal and controls the electronically controlled springs and dampers on the left and right sides. At this time, the stiffness and damping of the electronically controlled springs and dampers at the left and right ends are the same; The stiffness and damping of the actuator vary in magnitude. If there is a collision on the left side, the stiffness and damping values on the left side will be smaller and more variable than those on the right side.

参看图5带滑道的尾部横梁装配简图,该简图是安装机械弹簧6、阻尼器7和滑轮21后的结构简图,该结构中,机械弹簧6与阻尼器7有一定夹角,且与尾部横梁8不共面。Referring to Figure 5, the assembly diagram of the tail crossbeam with slideway is a schematic diagram of the structure after installing the mechanical spring 6, the damper 7 and the pulley 21. In this structure, the mechanical spring 6 and the damper 7 have a certain angle, And it is not coplanar with the rear beam 8 .

参看图6该发明机构的俯视图,该俯视图可结合图3和图5可清晰表达该机构的空间结构。Referring to FIG. 6 for a top view of the mechanism of the invention, the top view can clearly express the spatial structure of the mechanism in combination with FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 .

Claims (2)

1. An active control anti-collision mechanism of a commercial vehicle for protecting pedestrians and vehicles from multiple angles is characterized by comprising a magnetorheological fluid damper, an electric control spring, a mechanical spring, an anti-collision beam, a single-chip microcomputer electric control system, a radar system, a camera and a slidable tail cross beam; the magnetorheological fluid damper is connected with the electric control spring and is matched with the electric control spring in work, two magnetorheological fluid dampers capable of achieving multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment and two electric control springs matched with the magnetorheological fluid damper are used, the two electric control springs are transversely and bilaterally symmetrically embedded into the tail cross beam, one ends of the two electric control springs are fixed inside the tail cross beam, the other ends of the two electric control springs are hinged with the pulley, and the pulley is hinged with one end of the magnetorheological fluid damper simultaneously to achieve the matching use of the two electric control springs, so that the anti-collision mechanism can achieve a multi-angle anti-collision function and can generate different anti-collision effects when collision is carried out at different angles; when collision occurs, the rigidity of the electric control spring is minimum and the damping of the damper is maximum in the process that the compression distance of the electric control spring is less than 30 millimeters, when the compression distance of the electric control spring is greater than or equal to 30 millimeters, the rigidity of the electric control spring begins to be gradually increased, and the damping of the damper begins to be gradually reduced, so that the electric control spring can move towards the compression direction due to the rapid change of the stress angle of the damper, and the strong impact time is prolonged; the anti-collision beam is used for receiving external impact, the interior of the anti-collision beam is of a rigid structure, rubber materials are attached to the outer surface of the anti-collision beam, the mechanical spring is fixedly mounted at the middle point of the upper end of the inner side of the anti-collision beam, the anti-collision beam can move in multiple directions, two hinged supports are arranged at the lower end of the anti-collision beam, the magnetorheological damper is connected through a hinge, and a camera and a radar are mounted on the outer side of the anti-collision beam; the singlechip electric control system is used for receiving effective pedestrian and vehicle information acquired by the radar and the camera so as to control the damping of the magnetorheological fluid damper and the rigidity of the electric control spring; the slidable tail cross beam is used for mounting the springs and bearing load, two ends of the slidable tail cross beam are respectively provided with a section of sliding rail, the two ends of the slidable tail cross beam are symmetrical in structure, and the two electric control springs at the left end and the right end are respectively embedded into the sliding rails and can transversely move; the magnetorheological fluid damper and the electric control spring are used for increasing the buffering during collision, increasing the collision time, reducing the collision acceleration and converting the collision process of the rear-end collision commercial vehicle of the passenger vehicle from a rigid process into a flexible process; when the distance between a rear vehicle and a front vehicle is measured by a radar to be less than or equal to 1 m in 3 modes, the position of a tail vehicle is judged according to the area of the tail vehicle collected by each camera, and when the rear-end vehicle is located at the middle position of the tail of the commercial vehicle, the rigidity and the damping of a left electric control spring, a right electric control spring and a damper are controlled to be consistent; when the vehicle which will collide with the rear is positioned on the left side or the right side of the tail of the commercial vehicle, the rigidity and the damping of the electric control spring and the damper at the left end and the right end are inconsistent.
2. The active control collision avoidance mechanism for commercial vehicles for protecting pedestrians and vehicles from multiple angles as claimed in claim 1, wherein three cameras are adopted and respectively installed at three different positions outside the collision avoidance beam, one of which is installed near the middle position of the collision avoidance beam, the other two of which are respectively installed at the left and right ends of the collision avoidance beam, and the three installation positions are horizontally collinear; in the running process of the automobile, the information of vehicles, pedestrians and buildings on the left side of the tail part, the middle of the tail part and the right side of the tail part can be respectively collected and transmitted to the single chip microcomputer electric control system, and meanwhile, the three cameras can also realize the transmission of three real-time pictures which mainly affect the driving visual field of a driver on the left side of the tail part, the middle of the tail part and the right side of the tail part of the vehicle to a cab, so that a blind area of the tail part of the commercial vehicle is eliminated, and the collision of the drivers on the pedestrians and other vehicles is avoided when the drivers back up or turn; the method is characterized in that 1 radar is arranged at the middle position of the outer side of an anti-collision beam and mainly used for measuring the distance and the relative speed between a tail vehicle and the vehicle when the vehicle runs, and data obtained by the radar only needs to be used as a basis for controlling the camera switch, the rigidity of an electric control spring and the damping of a magnetorheological fluid damper and does not need to be transmitted to a cab; the radar and the camera are matched for use and are divided into four working modes, namely a highway driving working mode, a national road or provincial road working mode, an urban or rural working mode and a reversing working mode; when the vehicle is in a highway driving mode, when the distance between the vehicle and the tail part of the vehicle is less than or equal to 3 meters after the radar detects that the relative speed is greater than or equal to 20 kilometers per hour, the camera starts to work, otherwise, the camera does not work, so that the loss of the electric energy of the vehicle can be reduced; when the vehicle is in a national road or provincial road running mode, the vehicle speed is lower when the vehicle runs at a relatively high speed, the distance between the vehicle and the tail part of the vehicle after being measured by the radar is less than or equal to 2 meters, and the relative vehicle speed is greater than or equal to 10 kilometers per hour, the camera starts to work, otherwise, the camera does not work, so that the energy conservation of the vehicle is facilitated; when the vehicle is in the urban or rural mode, the radar and the camera are all started due to the complex road condition, and the picture acquired by the camera is transmitted to the driver for reference when driving, so that the pedestrian is prevented from being injured or the bicycle or other vehicles are prevented from being impacted; when the vehicle is in a reversing working mode, the camera and the radar are all opened and are used for protecting pedestrians, vehicles and buildings; the 3 cameras collect the vehicle information of different positions of the tail part of the vehicle.
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