CN106825894B - A kind of diffusion welding craft of heat exchanger core body - Google Patents
A kind of diffusion welding craft of heat exchanger core body Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106825894B CN106825894B CN201710036447.8A CN201710036447A CN106825894B CN 106825894 B CN106825894 B CN 106825894B CN 201710036447 A CN201710036447 A CN 201710036447A CN 106825894 B CN106825894 B CN 106825894B
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- heat exchanger
- exchanger core
- core body
- welding
- cover board
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/001—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by extrusion or drawing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/14—Preventing or minimising gas access, or using protective gases or vacuum during welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of diffusion welding crafts of heat exchanger core body, comprising the following steps: (1) welding pretreatment: assembled heat exchanger core body being sent into diffusion brazier, will be evacuated under 0.01Pa in furnace；(2) diffusion welding (DW): it is warming up to 800-850 DEG C with 15-20 DEG C/min rate, keeps the temperature 30min；It then is warming up to 1100-1150 DEG C with 10-15 DEG C/min rate, keeps the temperature 3h, pressure applied 8-9.5MPa, rear 1h are reduced to 4-6MPa before preceding 2h is kept；Subsequent vacuum cooled is to room temperature；(3) post weld heat treatment: heat exchanger core temperature is increased to 1150-2000 DEG C, keeps the temperature more than 20h, is then cooled down in a manner of water quenching.The present invention reduces the brittlement phase being easy to appear in diffusion welding (DW), improves the quality of the welding point of heat exchanger core body by controlling to welding temperature, diffusion time, pressure and other parameters, while joined heat treatment step after diffusion welding (DW).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind to have high temperature suitable for petrochemical industry, aerospace, gas turbine, high temperature gas cooled reactor etc.
The stainless heat exchanger in high pressure service demand field concretely relates to the diffusion welding craft method of the heat exchanger core body.
Background technique
Compact efficient heat exchanger is widely used in fields such as petrochemical industry, aerospaces.In special Service Environment, such as high temperature
Air cooled reactor, heat exchanger service temperature have reached about 600 DEG C, and pressure has reached about 7MPa, it is also necessary to bear cyclic thermal stres, and have
There are high heat-exchanging performance, compactedness, these requirements limit use of the compact efficient heat exchanger under similar bad working environments.Plate wing
Formula heat exchanger is brazed by being superimposed, and high temperature and pressure service ability is limited, and the printed circuit sheet heat exchanger of diffusion welding (DW) is shown
Carry out excellent high temperature high voltage resistant characteristic, thus increase the high temperature high voltage resistant ability of printed circuit sheet heat exchanger and improves heat transfer system
Number, it is significant.
Diffusion welding (DW) is so that welding surface is contacted with each other under certain temperature and pressure, by micro-plastic deformation or is passed through
The micro liquid phase that is generated on welding surface and the physical contact for expanding welding surface, it is then mutual by the atom of long period
A kind of welding method to realize combination is spread, mainly by technological parameters such as control welding temperature, diffusion time, pressure come real
It is existing.Weld interval is elongated, and connector welded rate improves, but too long soaking time can make joint area generate brittlement phase, and leads
Cause joint mechanical property decline.Pressure, which becomes larger, to be conducive to improve welding quality, but excessively high pressure be easy to cause deformation of core,
Therefore diffusion welding craft is very big by these effects of process parameters.Since stainless steel diffusion welding (DW) temperature is very high, in the present context very
Stable clamp pressure is seldom arrived, diffusion welding (DW) warming and cooling rate is affected by tooling, assembly precision is not high, and stainless steel expands
It dissipates weldering and is easy to appear brittlement phase in the process, these are all easy to produce welding defect, and yield rate is caused to reduce.
Summary of the invention
Based on above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of diffusion welding craft of heat exchanger core body.
The adopted technical solution is that:
A kind of diffusion welding craft of heat exchanger core body, comprising the following steps:
(1) welding pretreatment: by assembled heat exchanger core body be sent into diffusion brazier, will be evacuated in furnace 0.01Pa it
Under；
(2) diffusion welding (DW): it is warming up to 800-850 DEG C with 15-20 DEG C/min rate, keeps the temperature 30min；Then with 10-15 DEG C/
Min rate is warming up to 1100-1150 DEG C, keeps the temperature 3h, pressure applied 8-9.5MPa, rear 1h are reduced to 4- before preceding 2h is kept
6MPa；Subsequent vacuum cooled is to room temperature；
(3) post weld heat treatment: heat exchanger core temperature is increased to 1150-2000 DEG C, is kept the temperature more than 20h, then with water
Quenching mode cools down.
In above-mentioned steps (1), heat exchanger core body is process by 617 alloys.
Preferably, in step (1): the heat exchanger core body include upper metal cover board, lower metal cover board and several among
Metal plate longitudinally etches on the top bottom two sides of the bottom surface of upper metal cover board, the top surface of lower metal cover board and intermetallic metal plate
Half borehole structure, lateral etches the second semicircle pore structure, on upper metal cover board, several intermetallic metal plates and lower metal cover board
Under successively stack assembling；After being completed, between neighbouring intermetallic metal plate, the top intermetallic metal plate and upper metal cover board
Between and the first semicircle pore structure between bottom intermetallic metal plate and lower metal cover board is corresponding is combined into the first circular hole,
Two semicircle pore structures correspondence is combined into the second circular hole.
Preferably, the upper metal cover board, lower metal cover board and several intermetallic metal plates are to be processed to make by 617 alloys
At.
Preferably, the heat exchanger core body is assembled in welding tooling, the welding tooling include top cover, pedestal,
Assembling jig and pressure control mass block, the assembling jig and pedestal detachable connection, stack heat exchanger core body in assembling jig
Component is connected by screw bolts between pedestal and top cover, is provided at the top of bolt pre- for being supplied to heat exchanger core body component
The fastening nut of clamp force is provided with pressure control hole in the middle part of top cover, and movable pressing board, the pressure control quality are provided at pressure control hole
Block is placed on the top of movable pressing board, is additionally provided with locating rod between the top cover and pedestal, in the edge of top cover and pedestal
It is provided with location hole compatible with locating rod, assembling process sequentially includes the following steps:
Assembling jig is packed into pedestal by a, and installs bolt；
B is sequentially overlapped lower metal cover board, intermetallic metal plate and upper metal cover board from bottom to up in assembling jig, and puts
Set locating rod；
Top cover is directed at locating rod and bolt by c, installs nut with torque-indicating wrench；
D takes out assembling jig；
E places movable pressing board and pressure control mass block.
Preferably, the upper metal cover board, lower metal cover board and intermetallic metal the plate electricity consumption before being assembled using welding tooling
Deposition method adds 3.5 μm of pure-nickel-layers on surface.
Preferably, in step (3): the post weld heat treatment carries out in vacuum high temperature furnace.
The method have the benefit that:
(1) the invention proposes a set of diffusion welding craft, which includes welding temperature, diffusion time, pressure and other parameters
Control, while joined diffusion post weld heat treatment, reduce the brittlement phase being easy to appear in diffusion welding (DW), improves heat exchanger core body
Welding point quality.
(2) present invention devises a kind of compact efficient heat exchanger core body, resistance to using heat exchanger made of the heat exchanger core body
High temperature and pressure is had excellent performance, while having high heat-transfer performance, is able to satisfy the demand of special dimension.
(3) Welder for above-mentioned heat exchanger core body for the assembly welding one of diffusion welding (DW) has also been devised in the present invention
Dress, which can satisfy assembly precision requirement, while provide stable pressure at a temperature of the high-temperature soldering of diffusion welding (DW), reduce
Deformation of core improves yield rate to meet welding requirements, and core in welding can rapid temperature rise and drop, reduce welding
The influence of tooling.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described with specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of heat exchanger core body intermetallic metal plate involved in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of metal cover board on heat exchanger core body involved in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of metal cover board under heat exchanger core body involved in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram after heat exchanger core body involved in the present invention combination；
Fig. 5 is the overall structure diagram of welding tooling involved in the present invention, shows the situation that core is not added in figure；
Fig. 6 is the overall structure diagram of welding tooling involved in the present invention, and the situation that core is added is shown in figure；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of top cover in welding tooling involved in the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of pedestal in welding tooling involved in the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram of assembling jig in welding tooling involved in the present invention；
Figure 10 is the structural schematic diagram of pressure control mass block in welding tooling involved in the present invention；
Figure 11 is the structural schematic diagram of the bolt used in welding tooling involved in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of diffusion welding craft methods of stainless heat exchanger core, by the process and combine
Self-control welding tooling can be very good to improve the quality of welding point, reduces welding defect, improves yield rate.Meanwhile the present invention
Also the structure of heat exchanging device core has carried out unique design, and the heat exchanger using heat exchanger core body preparation has very high heat exchange
Efficiency and compactedness can be on active service at high temperature under high pressure, be suitble to use under special occasions.
Before being diffused the explanation of Welding, it is necessary to first heat exchanging device core and make by oneself welding tooling structure into
Row is discussed in detail.
As shown in Figs 1-4, a kind of compact efficient heat exchanger core body, including upper metal cover board 1, lower metal cover board 2 and several
A intermetallic metal plate 3.Top bottom two sides in the bottom surface of upper metal cover board 1, the top surface of lower metal cover board 2 and intermetallic metal plate 3 is equal
The first semicircle pore structure 4 of longitudinal etching, the second semicircle of lateral etches pore structure 5.Upper metal cover board 1, several intermetallic metal plates 3
It is successively stacked with lower about 2 metal cover board.After stacking combination, as shown in figure 4, between neighbouring intermetallic metal plate, the top
The first semicircle orifice knot between intermetallic metal plate and upper metal cover board and between bottom intermetallic metal plate and lower metal cover board
Structure is corresponding to be combined into the first circular hole, and the second semicircle pore structure correspondence is combined into the second circular hole.The aperture of first circular hole is greater than second
The aperture of circular hole.
Above-mentioned first semicircle pore structure 4 is in the bottom surface of upper metal cover board 1, the top surface of lower metal cover board 2 and intermetallic metal plate 3
Top bottom two sides lay at equal intervals, between adjacent first semicircle pore structure 4 formed separate spine 6, the second semicircle pore structure 5
It is laid at equal intervals on separating spine 6.
Above-mentioned upper metal cover board 1, lower metal cover board 2 and several intermetallic metal plates 3 are processed by 617 alloys
's.
The each element content of 617 alloys is as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1
Each component of heat exchanger core body designed by the present invention (upper metal cover board 1, lower metal cover board 2 and intermetallic metal plate 3)
Using the semicircle pore structure of laterally and longitudinally equal chemical etching, thus there is the very strong ability for destroying boundary layer, fluid can be enhanced
Disturbance, improve heat exchange property.After heat exchanger core body combination simultaneously, the first semicircle pore structure is combined into the first circular hole hole knot
Structure, the second semicircle pore structure are combined into the second circular hole pore structure, due to smooth circular hole pore structure, are conducive to reduce stress collection
In, thus there is good high-temperature and high-presure resistent ability.
Since welding temperature is at 1120 DEG C or so, only tools for bolts ' pretension or spring pre-tightening are not able to satisfy in diffusion welding (DW) and stablize
Pressure requirements, simultaneously because the microchannel structure of the second semicircle pore structure 5 etc., more demanding to assembly precision, thus need
Novel welding tooling.
As shown in Figure 11-Figure 5, a kind of welding tooling, for the assembly welding of above-mentioned compact efficient heat exchanger core body, including top
Lid 7, pedestal 8, assembling jig 9 and pressure control mass block 10.The assembling jig 9 and pedestal 8 are detachable connection, in assembling jig
Each component of heat exchanger core body is stacked in 9 (is sequentially placed lower metal cover board 2, intermetallic metal plate 3 and upper metal cover board from bottom to up
1) it, is connected between pedestal 8 and top cover 7 using bolt 11, is provided at the top of bolt 11 for being supplied to heat exchanger core body portion
The fastening nut of part pretightning force.The middle part of top cover 7 is provided with pressure control hole, movable pressing board 12 is provided at pressure control hole, is used for
Place pressure control mass block 10.The pressure control mass block 10 is placed on the top of movable pressing board 12.Pressure control mass block 10 is for adjusting
At this moment pressure needs to adjust pressure using pressure control mass block because the pretightning force of bolt is easy relaxation in the case where welding high temperature,
The welding later period also can reduce the pressure of pressure control mass block application, is conducive to reduce deformation of core in this way, improves welding quality.
As to further design of the invention, it is additionally provided with locating rod 13 between the top cover 7 and pedestal 8, in top cover 7
The edge of pedestal 8 is provided with location hole 14 compatible with locating rod 13.Locating rod 13 is passed through from location hole 14, can be with
Prevent top cover 7 and pedestal 8 from misplacing in the horizontal direction.
Further, above-mentioned assembling jig 9 includes bottom plate 901, is vertically provided on the top periphery of bottom plate 901 several
A limit straight panel 902 and limit gusset 903, limit straight panel 902 and limit gusset 903 are crowded around into for being suitble to place heat exchanger core
The space of each component of body.Be provided on pedestal 8 with the compatible straight hole 801 of limit straight panel 902, and with limit gusset 903
Compatible corner apertures 802.Assembling jig is connect with pedestal using the detachable mode of grafting.
Further, the bolt 11 includes the first cylinder 1101 and the second cylinder 1102, the bottom end of the first cylinder 1101
It is fixedly connected with pedestal 8, the top of the first cylinder 1101 is connect with the bottom end of the second cylinder 1102, the office on the second cylinder 1102
Position, which installs, is equipped with external screw thread compatible with nut.The diameter of first cylinder 1101 is greater than the diameter of the second cylinder 1102,
The junction of first cylinder 1101 and the second cylinder 1102 is formed with limiting stand.The bolt 11 can give certain pretightning force,
So that each plate body of composition heat exchanger core body closely connects, while thickness two parts are set, is formed with limiting stand, can prevent
In welding process, excessive deformation of each plate body in vertical direction of heat exchanger core body is formed.
Further, the pedestal 8 and movable pressing board 12 are all made of hollow design, under conditions of not influencing intensity,
The thermal capacity for reducing tooling improves the speed of heating cooling, reduces welding defect.
The diffusion welding craft of present invention heat exchanger core, comprising the following steps:
(1) welding pretreatment: assembled heat exchanger core body is sent into diffusion brazier, will be evacuated in furnace before diffusion welding (DW)
Under 0.01Pa.
(2) diffusion welding (DW): it is warming up to 800-850 DEG C with 15-20 DEG C/min rate, 30min is kept the temperature, so that each position temperature of core
Degree is uniform；It then is warming up to 1100-1150 DEG C with 10-15 DEG C/min rate, with the best welding temperature that this temperature is 617 alloys
Degree keeps the temperature about 3h, and pressure applied 8-9.5MPa, rear 1h are reduced to 4-6MPa before preceding 2h is kept, and facilitate to reduce in this way
Deformation of core improves welding quality；Subsequent the rapid vacuum cooling is to room temperature.
(3) post weld heat treatment: heat exchanger core temperature is increased to 1150-2000 DEG C in vacuum high temperature furnace, heat preservation is super
20h is crossed, then the fast cooling in a manner of water quenching, to reduce joint brittlement phase, improves welding joint mechanical property.
The total process of the welding of present invention heat exchanger core is illustrated below:
1. pair being assembled into each metal plate (upper metal cover board 1, lower metal cover board 2 and several intermediate gold of heat exchanger core body
Belong to plate 3) the conventional removing oxide layer of surface progress, oil removing, cleaning, drying and processing.
2. the surface Means of Electrodeposition in upper metal cover board 1, lower metal cover board 2 and several intermetallic metal plates 3 is added
About 3.5 μm of pure-nickel-layers.
3. assembling: with the assembly welding one tooling voluntarily developed, firm grip after metal plate assembling is carried out, to prevent gold
Belong to the dislocation between plate, and the adjusting for being clamped power can be required according to diffusion welding craft, guarantees the quality of welding.Specific step
It is rapid as follows:
Assembling jig is packed into pedestal by a, and installs bolt.
B is sequentially overlapped lower metal cover board, intermetallic metal plate and upper metal cover board from bottom to up in assembling jig, and puts
Set locating rod.
Top cover is directed at locating rod and bolt by c, and wherein bolt lower end is relatively thick, upper end is thinner, is arranged on narrower portion top
Partial threads install nut with torque-indicating wrench, give assembling jig certain chucking power.
D takes out assembling jig.
E places movable pressing board and pressure control mass block.
4. diffusion welding (DW):
(1) assembled heat exchanger core body is sent into diffusion brazier, will be evacuated under 0.01Pa in furnace before diffusion welding (DW).
(2) it is warming up to 800-850 DEG C with 15-20 DEG C/min rate, 30min is kept the temperature, so that each spot temperature of core is uniform；
1100-1150 DEG C/min is warming up to 10-15 DEG C/min afterwards, take this temperature as the best welding temperature of 617 alloys, heat preservation is about
3h, 1100-1150 DEG C of heat preservation zones, pressure applied 8-9.5MPa, rear 1h are reduced to 4-6MPa, have in this way before preceding 2h is kept
Help reduce deformation of core, spread atom sufficiently, improves welding quality；Early period, pressure was higher, and joint interface can be made close
In conjunction with raising interfacial contact area, later stage reduces, and facilitates the overall deformation for reducing core, improves welding quality.Heat preservation
After the completion, the rapid vacuum cooling is to room temperature.
(3) post weld heat treatment keeps the temperature 20h or more, the fast cooling in a manner of water quenching, to subtract at 1150-2000 DEG C or so
Brittlement phase at few joint interface, improves welding joint mechanical property.
Above-mentioned PWHT procedures carry out in vacuum high temperature furnace.
Using water quenching cooling method and furnace is cold and air cools down the power to final finished in above-mentioned PWHT procedures
Learning performance influences, and data comparison is as shown in table 2 below, keeps other conditions consistent.
Table 2
It can be seen that according to the correlation data in table 2, cold compared to furnace by the way of water quenching fast cooling and air is cold
But it is remarkably improved the mechanical property of final finished.
The related technology contents that do not address in aforesaid way are taken or are used for reference prior art and can be realized.
It should be noted that under the introduction of this specification, any equivalent substitute side made by those skilled in the art
Formula or obvious variant, should all be within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of diffusion welding craft of heat exchanger core body, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
(1) welding pretreatment: assembled heat exchanger core body is sent into diffusion brazier, will be evacuated under 0.01Pa in furnace；
(2) diffusion welding (DW): it is warming up to 800-850 DEG C with 15-20 DEG C/min rate, keeps the temperature 30min；Then with 10-15 DEG C/min speed
Rate is warming up to 1100-1150 DEG C, keeps the temperature 3h, pressure applied 8-9.5MPa, rear 1h are reduced to 4-6MPa before preceding 2h is kept；
Subsequent vacuum cooled is to room temperature；
(3) post weld heat treatment: heat exchanger core temperature is increased to 1150-2000 DEG C, is kept the temperature more than 20h, then with water quenching
Mode cools down；
In step (1): the heat exchanger core body includes upper metal cover board, lower metal cover board and several intermetallic metal plates, upper
The top bottom two sides of the bottom surface of metal cover board, the top surface of lower metal cover board and intermetallic metal plate longitudinally etches the first semicircle orifice knot
Structure, lateral etches the second semicircle pore structure, upper metal cover board, several intermetallic metal plates and lower metal cover board successively stack up and down
Assembling；After being completed, between neighbouring intermetallic metal plate, between the top intermetallic metal plate and upper metal cover board and most
The first semicircle pore structure between lower section intermetallic metal plate and lower metal cover board is corresponding to be combined into the first circular hole, the second semicircle orifice knot
Structure correspondence is combined into the second circular hole.
2. a kind of diffusion welding craft of heat exchanger core body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the upper metal cover
Plate, lower metal cover board and several intermetallic metal plates are processed by 617 alloys.
3. a kind of diffusion welding craft of heat exchanger core body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the heat exchanger core body
It is assembled in welding tooling, the welding tooling includes top cover, pedestal, assembling jig and pressure control mass block, the assembly
Fixture and pedestal detachable connection, stack heat exchanger core body component in assembling jig, are connected between pedestal and top cover using bolt
It connects, the fastening nut for being supplied to heat exchanger core body component pretightning force is provided at the top of bolt, is set in the middle part of top cover
It is equipped with pressure control hole, movable pressing board is provided at pressure control hole, the pressure control mass block is placed on the top of movable pressing board, the top
It is additionally provided with locating rod between lid and bottom seat, the edge of top cover and pedestal is provided with location hole compatible with locating rod,
Assembling process sequentially includes the following steps:
Assembling jig is packed into pedestal by a, and installs bolt；
B is sequentially overlapped lower metal cover board, intermetallic metal plate and upper metal cover board from bottom to up in assembling jig, and places and determine
Position bar；
Top cover is directed at locating rod and bolt by c, installs nut with torque-indicating wrench；
D takes out assembling jig；
E places movable pressing board and pressure control mass block.
4. a kind of diffusion welding craft of heat exchanger core body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the upper metal cover
Plate, lower metal cover board and intermetallic metal plate are assembling preceding Means of Electrodeposition in 3.5 μm of pure nickels of surface addition using welding tooling
Layer.
5. a kind of diffusion welding craft of heat exchanger core body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3): described
Post weld heat treatment carries out in vacuum high temperature furnace.
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