CN106824007A - A kind of liquid distribution trough with mass transfer function - Google Patents
A kind of liquid distribution trough with mass transfer function Download PDFInfo
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- CN106824007A CN106824007A CN201710095186.7A CN201710095186A CN106824007A CN 106824007 A CN106824007 A CN 106824007A CN 201710095186 A CN201710095186 A CN 201710095186A CN 106824007 A CN106824007 A CN 106824007A
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- liquid
- hole
- air rising
- ctst
- rising hole
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
- B01D3/32—Other features of fractionating columns ; Constructional details of fractionating columns not provided for in groups B01D3/16 - B01D3/30
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention is a kind of liquid distribution trough with mass transfer function.The structure of the distributor includes catch tray, CTST calottes, air rising hole, liquid distributing hole, catheter and liquid barrier;Wherein, parallel rectangle air rising hole is provided with described catch tray, the side long of air rising hole is welded with vertical liquid barrier;CTST calottes are provided with above air rising hole;Described CTST calottes are rectangular drum like structure, and the long edge position of rectangle is two pieces of jet trays, are two end plates at short side, the lower weld of end plate at the short side edge of air rising hole, top with separate plate weld;Distance of the jet tray top away from the top of end plate is 30 50mm, and distance of the bottom away from catch tray is 5 20mm;Described liquid distributing hole distribution on the collection tray, a catheter is welded with immediately below each liquid distributing hole.The present invention eliminates the problems of above-mentioned traditional distributor;Mass transfer effect is had concurrently while playing gas and liquid collecting, distribution, fully utilize the useful space in tower.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of chemical tower trim apparatus, more particularly to a kind of liquid distribution trough with mass transfer function.
Background technology:
Used as chemical industry mass transfer, separate fundamental equipments, packed tower is using the filler in tower as gas-liquid two-phase
The mass transfer apparatus of contact member.Being uniformly distributed for tower section of handing down of air-liquid two is efficient mass transfer, and component is divided in effective journey
From guarantee.To avoid the bad distribution of liquid, it is ensured that distributing homogeneity, tower domestic demand sets liquid distribution trough and redistributor.
The quality of distributed mass significantly affects the operating flexibility of filler separative efficiency and tower.Therefore, liquid distribution trough and redistributor
It is particularly important filler tower internals.
As the liquid re-distributor of two sections filler is accepted, while playing a part of to collect, redistributing, correct in time
The concentration difference on tower section caused due to wall stream, bias current, channel that filler self performance is caused etc..Distributor shape is many
It is many, configurations, therefore advantage differs and same.It is divided into pressure-type and gravity-type by motive force;It is divided into hole stream, weir by outflow mode
Film Flow on stream, conduit stream and draining plate etc.;It is divided into tubular type, slot type, disc type by structure shape.
Disc type distributor is widely used, and cloth liquid disk is provided with liquid distributing hole and riser road, and gas rises from riser, gas,
Liquid passage is separate;Liquid is carried out uniformly through liquid distributing hole simultaneously.Porose disc formula and slotted disc type two are divided into according to riser difference again
Kind.
Because above-mentioned distributor is in design, gas-liquid shunting, pursue low pressure drop, the air-liquid passage of distributor be it is separate,
Riser and catch tray are seamless welding, and distributor is that collection, the effect of distribution have been carried out to air-liquid.And because
The stop and liquid that riser flows to liquid flow irregularity in itself diametrically so that the liquid on catch tray is present
In concentration distribution difference, liquid level drop, a large amount of occupancy towers the problems such as effective volume.
The content of the invention:
It is an object of the invention to be directed to the deficiency that traditional trough-tray liquid distributor is present, provide a kind of with mass transfer work(
The liquid distribution trough of energy.The distributor enters cover body by the space set between jet tray bottom and catch tray as liquid
Passage, while using the channel liquid by the gas of high-speed motion be carried in riser mix, mass transport process is fully entered
OK;One side liquid mixes in riser, on the other hand strengthens the flowing of liquid on catch tray, so as to effectively eliminate dense
The problems such as degree distributional difference, liquid level drop.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of liquid distribution trough with mass transfer function, the structure of the distributor includes catch tray, CTST calottes, rises gas
Hole, liquid distributing hole, catheter and liquid barrier;
Wherein, parallel rectangle air rising hole is provided with described catch tray, the side long of air rising hole is welded with vertical liquid barrier;
Wherein, air rising hole percent opening on the collection tray is 22%-35%, is spaced 30-70mm, Central Symmetry distribution;Air rising hole width
Mutually it is all 20-60mm;The height of liquid barrier is 10-30mm;CTST calottes are provided with above air rising hole;
Described CTST calottes are rectangular drum like structure, and the long edge position of rectangle is two pieces of jet trays, the same air rising hole of length
The length on side long, is two end plates, width 5-20mm wider than the short side of air rising hole at short side;The a height of 150-250mm of CTST calottes,
Top is provided with separating plate, and the length of separating plate is equal to the length on air rising hole side long, and the both sides of separating plate are growing end plate 15-
90 are turned over downwards at 50mm0, and extend 50-80mm vertically downward, block the gas-liquid mixture for ejecting;
The lower weld of end plate at the short side edge of air rising hole, top with separate plate weld;Jet tray top is away from end plate
The distance at top is 30-50mm;Distance of the bottom away from catch tray is 5-20mm, the height of the height less than liquid barrier in the gap of formation
5~20mm of degree;
On the collection tray, square is evenly distributed, liquid distributing hole density 300-1000/m for described liquid distributing hole distribution2;Position
In the outside of jet tray;A diameter of 6-10mm of liquid distributing hole;Spacing between adjacent liquid distributing hole is 30-80mm;In catch tray
A catheter is welded with immediately below bottom, each liquid distributing hole;The length 30-50mm of catheter, internal diameter is 16-30mm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
Separated for existing traditional distributor air-liquid passage, air-liquid is not contacted on distributor this tower internals, is only divided
Cloth is acted on, and wastes space in tower;Because riser is to stop and the liquid stream in itself radially of liquid flowing on catch tray
There is concentration distribution difference, liquid level, design and have mass transfer energy concurrently in dynamic inhomogeneities, the liquid on catch tray
The liquid distributor of power.The distributor eliminates above-mentioned traditional distributor and is deposited by the air-liquid hybrid mode in liter gas hood
Problem;The distributor has mass transfer effect concurrently while gas and liquid collecting, distribution is played, and fully utilizes the effective sky in tower
Between.
The liquid distribution trough (1) is carrying out having mass transfer function concurrently while air-liquid is uniformly distributed, and takes full advantage of empty in tower
Between;In structure, traditional distributor gas-liquid two-phase passage is independent, and distributor is air-liquid collect, has been distributed,
This device is in combination with air rising hole and catheter, while riser road top combines the cap of big flux solid mass-transferring CTST
Cover so that gas-liquid two-phase is fully contacted in passage, carries out interphase mass transfer;Because delivery hole is combined with air rising hole on catch tray
Together so that (2) are by the air-liquid hybrid mode in riser, one side liquid mixes in riser, on the other hand strengthens
The flowing of liquid on catch tray, so as to eliminate concentration distribution difference, liquid level drop etc. existing for above-mentioned traditional distributor
Problem, fully utilizes the useful space in tower.
Liquid distribution trough of the invention by test, most of distributed point flow rate relative deviation within 4%, distributor
Can be excellent.During atmospheric distillation or compression rectification etc. are to the insensitive Component seperation of pressure drop, the liquid distributor because
Distinctive mass transfer function, can realize maximally utilizing for space in tower.
Brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 has the trough-tray liquid distributor upward view of mass transfer function;
Fig. 2 has the trough-tray liquid distributor sectional view of mass transfer function;
Wherein:1-catch tray;2-CTST calottes;3-air rising hole;4-liquid distributing hole;5-catheter;6-liquid barrier;
7-separating plate;8-both sides jet tray;9-end plate;
Fig. 3 CTST calotte schematic diagrames;
Fig. 4 empty tower gas velocities F0Each cloth liquid point flow rate figure when=1.5;
Fig. 5 empty tower gas velocities F0Each cloth liquid point relative deviation figure when=1.5;
Influence figure of Fig. 6 sprinkle densities to distributor pressure drop;
Fig. 7 empty tower gas velocities F0Liquid level when=1.5 under each sprinkle density.
Specific embodiment:
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Trough-tray liquid distributor with mass transfer function of the invention, as described in Fig. 1-3, mainly by catch tray (1),
CTST calottes (2), air rising hole (3), liquid distributing hole (4), catheter (5), liquid barrier (6) are constituted;Concrete structure is for example following;
Parallel rectangle air rising hole (3) is provided with described catch tray (1), the side long of air rising hole (3) is welded with vertical gear
Liquid plate (6);Wherein, percent opening of the air rising hole (3) on catch tray (1) is 22%-35%, is spaced 30-70mm, Central Symmetry point
Cloth;Air rising hole (3) width is mutually all 20-60mm, and the height of liquid barrier (6) is 10-30mm;Air rising hole (3) is provided with above
CTST calottes (2);
The main body of described CTST calottes (2) is to project the tubular structure that shape is rectangle, and the long edge position of rectangle is two pieces of sprays
Plate (8) is penetrated, the length on length same air rising hole (3) side long is two end plates (9) at short side, and width is wider than the short side of air rising hole (3)
5-20mm, (both sides are grown apart from equal);CTST calottes (2) a height of 150-250mm, top is provided with separating plate (7), separating plate
(7) length on length same air rising hole (3) side long, the both sides of separating plate (7) be turned over downwards 90 at end plate 15-50mm growing0,
And extend 50-80mm vertically downward, block the gas-liquid mixture for ejecting;
The lower weld of end plate (9) is welded on the short side edge of air rising hole (3), top with separating plate (7);Jet tray (8)
Height be different from the height of end plate (9), the distance at top of the top away from end plate (9) is 30-50mm, is going out for gas-liquid mixture
Mouthful;Distance of the bottom away from catch tray (1) is 5-20mm, the height 5~20mm of the height less than liquid barrier (6) in the gap of formation;
The gap of formation is the passage that liquid enters CTST calottes (2) cover body;
Described liquid distributing hole (4) is distributed on catch tray (1), and square is evenly distributed, liquid distributing hole density 300-1000/
m2;Positioned at the outside of jet tray (8);
A diameter of 6-10mm of liquid distributing hole (4);Spacing between adjacent liquid distributing hole (4) is 30-80mm;In catch tray (1)
Bottom, be welded with a catheter (5) immediately below each liquid distributing hole (4);The length 30-50mm of catheter (5), internal diameter is
16-30mm。
Embodiment 1
As shown in figure 1, the trough-tray liquid distributor with mass transfer function of the invention, mainly by catch tray (1), CTST
Calotte (2), air rising hole (3), liquid distributing hole (4), catheter (5), liquid barrier (6) are constituted;Catch tray is provided with air rising hole on (1)
(3);Rectangle air rising hole (3) both sides are provided with height 30mm liquid barriers (6);Air rising hole (3) top is provided with CTST calottes (2),
CTST calottes (2) height 200mm, is made up of separating plate (7), both sides jet tray (8), end plate (9), rectangle calotte both sides jet tray
(8) 10mm bottoms gap is provided between bottom and catch tray, is the passage that liquid enters cover body;Catch tray is provided with liquid distributing hole on (1)
(4), liquid distributing hole (4) diameter 6mm, 300/m of liquid distributing hole density2;Liquid distributing hole (4) lower section is provided with catheter (5), catheter
(5) length 50mm.
As shown in Fig. 2 the distributor is on the basis of catch tray (1);Liquid distributing hole (4) is opened up, comprehensive liquid load, liquid level are high
Degree, discharge coefficient correlation formula, liquid distributing hole diameter 6mm, spacing 50mm, square are evenly distributed;Rectangle air rising hole (3) is opened up,
It is 27% to adjust percent opening, and rectangle hole width is 30mm;
As shown in figure 3, liquid barrier (6), height 30mm are welded in rectangle air rising hole (3) both sides;Rectangle air rising hole (3) top is
It is CTST calottes (2) part;
As shown in figure 1, wherein CTST cap heights 200mm, length and rectangle air rising hole (3) are isometric, and width is than rectangle liter
Stomata (3) width 20mm, each 10mm in both sides, end plate (9) bottom and catch tray (1) are welded;Both sides jet tray (8) lower end is away from catch tray
(1) 10mm, sets the bottom gap, is the passage that liquid enters cover body, and upper end is away from separating plate (7) 50mm, and the space is mixed as gas-liquid
The outlet of compound;Separating plate (7) 50mm wider than cover body, each 25mm in both sides, extend downwards 70mm, block and eject gas-liquid mixed
Thing, prevents entrainment.
Its principle is:Gas rises through the air rising hole (3) on plate, because rising gas passages shrink, speed is uprised, and gas becomes
It is the jet of high-speed motion.The gas that passes through forms low pressure in CTST calottes at a high speed, is dropped by jet tray lower end gap of keeping on file in advance
The liquid suction on plate will be collected, and be sufficiently mixed contact therewith, carry out interphase mass transfer.
Liquid from upper strata packing section is enriched with catch tray (1), forms certain altitude liquid layer;By jet tray lower end
Pre- gap of keeping on file, liquid is drawn into mixing in CTST calottes (2) riser by the gas of high-speed motion, and further lifting, membrane,
Broken, air-liquid two-phase is fully contacted, and enhances mass transport process.
Liquid by catheter (5) after liquid distributing hole (4) even cloth by entering next packing section.
Traditional distributor because the riser stop and liquid flowed to liquid flow irregularity in itself diametrically,
So that there is concentration distribution difference, liquid level in the liquid on catch tray.CTST calottes are sharp by setting bottom gap
The three-dimensional process intensification for drawn liquid into gas, lifted, mix, spraying liquid flowing, so as to solving above-mentioned tradition
The problem that distributor is present.
Gas rises through the air rising hole (3) on plate, and the gas for passing through at a high speed is contacted in CTST calottes with liquid.Come from
The liquid of upper strata packing section is enriched with catch tray (1), forms certain altitude liquid layer;By pre- gap of keeping on file, by the passage liquid
Body is carried to mixing in CTST calottes (2) riser, and further lifting, membrane, broken, air-liquid by the gas of high-speed motion
Two-phase is fully contacted, and enhances mass transport process.
Liquid by catheter (5) after liquid distributing hole (4) even cloth by entering next packing section.
A set of a diameter of 580mm lucite tower test system is built, the distributor has been carried out with air-water system
Distribution performance is tested.
The main several parts such as including water system, ventilating system, metering section, distributor of distributor Performance Test System.
Blower fan is opened, regulating butterfly valve aperture, the differential manometer of observation connection Pitot tube is sized depending on counting to;Open after a period of stabilisation
Centrifugal pump, will be promoted to diameter 580mm freezing mask column overheads in cyclic water tank;First it is distributed in advance through comb distributor;Then through dividing
After the dispersion of cloth device, water tank is returned;Water size is controlled by valve and flowmeter, display;Ensure the level that distributor is installed.Experiment
Arrange empty tower gas velocity F0Hydrodynamic calculations research under=1.5.Before experiment starts, blower fan is first opened, regulating butterfly valve aperture is arrived
Required gas velocity;After a period of stabilisation, water circulating pump is opened, control valve is observed under each fluid flow successively from small to large
Kinetic energy factor, pressure drop, after after stabilization, timing connects liquid metering, and records above-mentioned each measured value.
Using the concept of statistics large deviations, each distributed point outflow uniformity is estimated, relative deviation represents each
Distributed point flow rate and the relative size of AFR departure, work as relative deviation>10%, in distributing homogeneity performance;It is relatively inclined
Difference 4%-6%, distributing homogeneity performance is good;Relative deviation<4%, distributing homogeneity performance is excellent;Evaluation result shows:Except indivedual
Outside distributed point flow rate deviation is larger, within 4%, distributor performance is excellent to most of distributed point flow rate relative deviation.
The distributor few for cloth liquid point quantity can judge distributor by each cloth liquid o'clock as a distributed point with this
The quality of performance.Calculate each distributed point flow rate, relative deviation as shown below;
Same operating difference sprinkle density under each liquid distributing hole flow rate as shown in figure 4, it can be found that:
As sprinkle density increases, each liquid distributing hole flow rate difference reduces, and distribution tends to uniform.Because close with spraying
Degree increase, height of liquid layer is raised, and air-liquid mixes aggravation in calotte space, and liquid distributing hole is influenceed gradually by dripping drops impact
Diminish, each point flow rate tends to uniform.
Fig. 5 is each cloth liquid point relative deviation, by evaluation of result, it is seen that:When empty tower gas velocity is 7.5m3/(h.m2)
When, there are 9 distributed point flow rate deviations more than 4%;When empty tower gas velocity is 19.7m3/(h.m2) when, only 1 distributed point flow rate is inclined
Difference illustrates that the liquid distributor distributed mass is excellent, operating flexibility 1 more than 4%:2.6.
It means that during atmospheric distillation or compression rectification etc. are to the insensitive Component seperation of pressure drop, the New
Body distributor can realize maximally utilizing for space in tower because of distinctive mass transfer function.
Distributor pressure drop is as shown in Figure 6:
The main cause that pressure drop is produced is the castering action to partially liq, so as to cause pressure drop compared to traditional distributor
It is higher.By bottom gap, by mixing in gas lift to calotte space, broken, air-liquid two-phase is fully contacted liquid, realizes vertical
Mass transport process in body space, this is the main feature of CTST column plates.Fig. 6 shows by the air-liquid hybrid mode in riser,
One side liquid mixes in riser, on the other hand strengthens the flowing of liquid on catch tray, so as to eliminate above-mentioned tradition point
Existing for cloth device the problems such as concentration distribution difference, liquid level drop.
Same operating difference sprinkle density under each liquid distributing hole flow rate as shown in fig. 7, it can be found that;
Liquid level is about the same, because as sprinkle density increases, height of liquid layer is raised, air-liquid is empty in calotte
Interior mixing aggravation, strengthens the flowing of liquid on catch tray, and the influence that dripping drops impact to liquid fluctuating is tapered into, liquid
Layer height difference diminishes.
Trough-tray liquid distributor with mass transfer function proposed by the present invention, is retouched by preferred embodiment
State, person skilled substantially can not depart from present invention, spirit and scope to enter structure as herein described and equipment
Row change or suitably change with combining realize this technology invention.In particular, all similar replacements and change
Apparent to those skilled in the art, they are considered as being included in spirit of the invention, scope and content.
Embodiment 2
Modification distributor between CTST calottes both sides jet tray and catch tray bottom gap parameter, settings height of base slot of the downcomer be 5mm,
Other specification keeps constant.Distribution performance test has been carried out to the distributor by above-mentioned steps.Result shows:Compared to implementation
Distributor in example 1, height of liquid layer raises 3- on the distributor pressure drop reduction 50-70Pa, catch tray under the conditions of same operation
The cloth liquid point quantity of 5mm, cloth liquid point flow rate relative deviation more than 4% is reduced to 1-3, and distributor quality gets a promotion, but
Operating flexibility drops to 1:2.2.
Because height of base slot of the downcomer is reduced to 5mm, liquid diminishes into the passage of CTST calottes, resistance increase, identical bar
The lifting capacity of liquid diminishes under part, and distributor pressure drop reduction, the height of liquid layer also resulted on catch tray comparatively speaking will
Raise, so each cloth liquid point flow rate just more tends towards stability.But liquid layer rising results in the drop of operating flexibility under the same terms
It is low.
Embodiment 3
Air rising hole perforated area parameter in modification distributor, it is 21% to set percent opening, and the width of rectangular opening is reduced to 22mm.
Other specification keeps constant.Distribution performance test has been carried out to the distributor by above-mentioned steps.Result shows:Compared to implementation
Distributor in example 1, the pressure drop under the conditions of same operation raises height of liquid layer reduction 2-3mm, cloth liquid on 80-100Pa, catch tray
Cloth liquid point quantity of the point flow rate relative deviation more than 4% reduces 1-2, not showed increased.Distributor quality gets a promotion,
Operating flexibility rises to 1:3.2.
Because after reducing air rising hole perforated area, the gas velocity after gas is passed through becomes higher, corresponding CTST caps
Pressure in cover will be lower, has more liquid to be inhaled into, and distributor pressure drop just has an obvious increase, but same liquid
The lifting capacity increase of body.Compared to the distributor in embodiment 1, height of liquid layer has declined, but liquid on catch tray is not
Disconnected is inhaled into, sprays, and this process strengthens the mobility of liquid, eliminates liquid level drop problem, concentration difference problem, together
When operating flexibility increase.
Unaccomplished matter of the present invention is known technology.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of liquid distribution trough with mass transfer function, it is characterized by the structure of the distributor include catch tray, CTST calottes,
Air rising hole, liquid distributing hole, catheter and liquid barrier;
Wherein, parallel rectangle air rising hole is provided with described catch tray, the side long of air rising hole is welded with vertical liquid barrier;Its
In, air rising hole percent opening on the collection tray is 22%-35%, is spaced 30-70mm, Central Symmetry distribution;Air rising hole width is identical
It is 20-60mm;The height of liquid barrier is 10-30mm;CTST calottes are provided with above air rising hole;
Described CTST calottes are rectangular drum like structure, and the long edge position of rectangle is two pieces of jet trays, and length is with air rising hole side long
Length, at short side be two end plates, width 5-20mm wider than the short side of air rising hole;The a height of 150-250mm of CTST calottes, top
Be provided with separating plate, the length of separating plate with air rising hole side long length, the both sides of separating plate grow at end plate 15-50mm to
Lower 90 degree of turnover, and extend 50-80mm vertically downward;
The lower weld of end plate at the short side edge of air rising hole, top with separate plate weld;Top of the jet tray top away from end plate
Distance be 30-50mm, distance of the bottom away from catch tray is 5-20mm, the height 5- of the height in the gap of formation less than liquid barrier
20mm;
On the collection tray, square is evenly distributed, liquid distributing hole density 300-1000/m for described liquid distributing hole distribution2, and positioned at spray
Penetrate the outside of plate;In the bottom of catch tray, a catheter is welded with immediately below each liquid distributing hole.
2. there is the liquid distribution trough of mass transfer function as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized by a diameter of 6-10mm of liquid distributing hole;
Spacing between adjacent liquid distributing hole is 30-80mm;The length 30-50mm of catheter, internal diameter is 16-30mm.
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CN108165304A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-06-15 | 宁夏百川通清洁能源有限公司 | A kind of method and system that special solvent oil is extracted from stable light hydrocarbon |
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