CN106818471A - 一种利用甘蔗健康种子培育高产甘蔗的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种利用甘蔗健康种子培育高产甘蔗的方法,包括脱毒处理、种苗增值、种苗包衣、田地消毒、机械播种和种植砍收,发明内容介绍了详细的培育步骤及甘蔗种芽包衣剂、绿色杀菌消毒剂的制备,由于甘蔗健康种子发芽率高、患病率低、易于搬运和播种,能够提高甘蔗产量和品质,具有极大的经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农业生产领域,特别涉及一种利用甘蔗健康种子培育高产甘蔗的方法。
背景技术
甘蔗,(学名:Saccharum officinarum)甘蔗属,多年生高大实心草本。根状茎粗壮发达。秆高3-5(-6)米。中国台湾、福建、广东、海南、广西、四川、云南等南方热带地区广泛种植。甘蔗适合栽种于土壤肥沃、阳光充足、冬夏温差大的地方。甘蔗是温带和热带农作物,是制造蔗糖的原料,且可提炼乙醇作为能源替代品。
广西是甘蔗种植的主要地区,目前人工种植仍是发展中国家甘蔗种植的主要方式,这种方式用种量大,约占甘蔗总收获量的10%,且这种在运输、储存和选中的过程中需耗费大量人力、种植成本偏高。蔗种在运输和储存过程中,芽点很容易破损,从而导致发芽率降低。
甘蔗“健康种子”是利用进行包衣处理后的甘蔗健康种苗一代种茎单芽进行甘蔗种植的新技术,是甘蔗健康种苗技术的最新发展。目前正在巴西作为一项高效节本的新种植技术进行大面积推广应用。目前关于甘蔗“健康种子”技术的研究只有巴西的Syngenta公司有宣传报道,而目前,关于甘蔗“健康种子”技术内容方面的报道几乎没有。发明人在参加2011年由广西科技厅陈大克书记率领的代表团访问巴西时对该项技术有了初步了解,回国后开始进行甘蔗健康种苗一级种茎单芽茎发芽试验方面的研究,并取得了一定的进展。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对以上问题,提供一种利用甘蔗健康种子培育高产甘蔗的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)脱毒处理:将甘蔗种苗浸入温度为60℃的温水中,完全浸没浸泡1小时后取出,得到脱毒种苗;
(2)种苗增殖:将脱毒种苗接种到增殖培养基,连续培养20-35天后,将种苗接种到生根培养基中,连续培养20-30天后得到0.5-1cm的一级苗;
(3)种苗包衣:将一级苗去掉种茎留下种芽,把取下的种芽浸入提前制好的甘蔗种芽包衣剂中,搅拌15-30分钟后取出,自然晾干得到甘蔗健康种子;
(4)在播种3-5天前,向预播种的田地喷淋绿色杀菌消毒剂,每亩50-100ml;
(5)将获得的甘蔗健康种子用播种机按照200个/亩播到田中,每颗间距20-30cm;
(6)按照常规甘蔗田间管理种植12个月后砍收。
所述的增值培养基配方为MS + 6-BA 1.0 mg/L + GA 0.5 mg/L + 白砂糖30 g/L。
所述的生根培养基配方为MS + NAA 5.0 mg/L + GA 0.3 mg/L + 白砂糖50 g/L。
所述的绿色杀菌消毒剂的制备步骤如下:将苦楝树叶10-15份、茶枯3-5份、洗手果3-5份、马尾松叶10-20份、菊花10-20份和五色梅1-5份一起放入锅内加入100份的水搅拌熬煮2-3小时,将煮好的水滤渣,留下的液体装瓶得到所述的绿色杀菌消毒剂。
所述的甘蔗种芽包衣剂制备方法如下:所述的甘蔗种芽包衣剂包括,0.01-0.03%抗寒活性成分、1-3%杀菌剂、0.6-5%杀虫剂、1-2%肥料、5-8%填充粒、0.1-3%染料、3-5%粘合剂和2-6%稳定剂,其余的是水,将所述的抗寒活性成分、杀菌剂、杀虫剂、肥料、填充粒、染料、粘合剂和稳定剂的成分先研磨至微米级,然后分别用适量水溶解成溶液,依次加入水中,搅拌成悬浮液,得到甘蔗种芽包衣剂;
所述的抗寒活性成分为脱落酸2.2-4.8份,杀菌剂为戊唑醇,杀虫剂成分选用氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂,肥料成分选用二元磷酸铵,例如磷酸氢二氨,填充粒选用木粉、高岭土、珍珠岩和云母,按照重量份数比3:3:0.5:0.5混合,粘合剂选用玉米淀粉,稳定剂按照以下重量份数比的成分混合得到,0.05-0.25%的2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚、0.2-0.5%的腊酯和1.5-3.5%的丁醇,染料选用甲基紫4PBX。
本发明的显著有益效果是:
(1)未经过处理的甘蔗种芽平均发芽率为30%-50%,经过本发明处理后的甘蔗健康种子的发芽率达到80%以上,显著提高发芽率,提高甘蔗产量和经济效益。经过本发明处理后的甘蔗种芽,表面覆盖有包衣,能够有效防止虫鼠害,延长储存时间,且在运输过程中有包衣的保护,种芽不易受损。种子包衣能够起到缓释的作用,本发明中含有一定的肥料和养分,能够伴随种子入地后缓慢释放营养成分,保证种子的发芽。
(2)将甘蔗种芽预先经过脱毒处理,能够提高甘蔗品质与产量,复壮种芽缩短繁种周期,节省费用及不受季节限制,连续进行繁殖和生产,发芽率更高,生长速度更快。
(3)发明选用的甘蔗种芽为一级脱毒苗,单芽茎段直径在0.5-1cm,适合运输和机械播种。
(4)本发明在播种前利用苦楝树叶、茶枯、洗手果、马尾松叶、菊花和五色梅制备的绿色杀菌消毒液对大田进行喷淋消毒,能够预防凤梨病、眼斑病、黄斑病、鞭黑穗病、赤腐病等甘蔗主要病害。
具体实施方式
利用甘蔗健康种子培育高产甘蔗的方法:
(1)脱毒处理:将甘蔗种苗浸入温度为60℃的温水中,完全浸没浸泡1小时后取出,得到脱毒种苗;
(2)种苗增殖:将脱毒种苗接种到增殖培养基,连续培养35天后,将种苗接种到生根培养基中,连续培养30天后得到1cm的一级苗;
(3)种苗包衣:将一级苗去掉种茎留下种芽,把取下的种芽浸入提前制好的甘蔗种芽包衣剂中,搅拌30分钟后取出,自然晾干得到甘蔗健康种子;
(4)在播种3-5天前,向预播种的田地喷淋绿色杀菌消毒剂,每亩100ml;
(5)将获得的甘蔗健康种子用播种机按照200个/亩播到田中,每颗间距30cm;
(6)按照常规甘蔗田间管理种植12个月后砍收。
所述的增值培养基配方为MS + 6-BA 1.0 mg/L + GA 0.5 mg/L + 白砂糖30 g/L。
所述的生根培养基配方为MS + NAA 5.0 mg/L + GA 0.3 mg/L + 白砂糖50 g/L。
所述的绿色杀菌消毒剂的制备步骤如下:将苦楝树叶15份、茶枯3份、洗手果3份、马尾松叶20份、菊花10份和五色梅5份一起放入锅内加入100份的水搅拌熬煮2-3小时,将煮好的水滤渣,留下的液体装瓶得到所述的绿色杀菌消毒剂。
所述的甘蔗种芽包衣剂制备方法如下:所述的甘蔗种芽包衣剂包括,0.03%抗寒活性成分、3%杀菌剂、5%杀虫剂、2%肥料、8%填充粒、3%染料、5%粘合剂和6%稳定剂,其余的是水,将所述的抗寒活性成分、杀菌剂、杀虫剂、肥料、填充粒、染料、粘合剂和稳定剂的成分先研磨至微米级,然后分别用适量水溶解成溶液,依次加入水中,搅拌成悬浮液,得到甘蔗种芽包衣剂;
所述的抗寒活性成分为脱落酸4.8份,杀菌剂为戊唑醇,杀虫剂成分选用氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂,肥料成分选用磷酸氢二氨,填充粒选用木粉、高岭土、珍珠岩和云母,按照重量份数比3:3:0.5:0.5混合,粘合剂选用玉米淀粉,稳定剂按照以下重量份数比的成分混合得到,0.25%的2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚、0.5%的腊酯和3.5%的丁醇和水,染料选用甲基紫4PBX。
对比实验:
分别准备三组甘蔗种芽,每组40颗进行培育,第一组为空白对照组,甘蔗种芽不经过任何处理;第二组为传统包衣剂组,甘蔗种芽经过脱毒处理后用敌委丹浸泡1小时后自然晾干;第三组为健康种子组,甘蔗种芽按照实施例所述步骤处理后得到甘蔗健康种子。将第三组实验组同时播入大田,第一组和第二组采用传统播种和田间管理方式培育,第三组按照实施例进行培育,40天以后分别统计发芽率、测株高和假茎粗,实验结果如下表:
组别 | 空白对照组 | 传统包衣剂组 | 健康种子组 |
发芽率 | 56.5% | 74.3% | 83.6% |
株高 | 7.4cm | 9.04cm | 12.6cm |
假茎粗 | 1.79mm | 3.12mm | 4.91mm |
Claims (5)
1.一种利用甘蔗健康种子培育高产甘蔗的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
脱毒处理:将甘蔗种苗浸入温度为60℃的温水中,完全浸没浸泡1小时后取出,得到脱毒种苗;
种苗增殖:将脱毒种苗接种到增殖培养基,连续培养20-35天后,将种苗接种到生根培养基中,连续培养20-30天后得到0.5-1cm的一级苗;
种苗包衣:将一级苗去掉种茎留下种芽,把取下的种芽浸入提前制好的甘蔗种芽包衣剂中,搅拌15-30分钟后取出,自然晾干得到甘蔗健康种子;
田地消毒:在播种3-5天前,向预播种的田地喷淋绿色杀菌消毒剂,每亩50-100ml;
机械播种:将获得的甘蔗健康种子用播种机按照200个/亩播到田中,每颗间距20-30cm;
种植砍收:按照常规甘蔗田间管理种植12个月后砍收。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用甘蔗健康种子培育高产甘蔗的方法,其特征在于:所述的增值培养基配方为MS + 6-BA 1.0 mg/L + GA 0.5 mg/L + 白砂糖30 g/L。
3.根据权利要求1所述的利用甘蔗健康种子培育高产甘蔗的方法,其特征在于:所述的生根培养基配方为MS + NAA 5.0 mg/L + GA 0.3 mg/L + 白砂糖50 g/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用甘蔗健康种子培育高产甘蔗的方法,其特征在于,所述的绿色杀菌消毒剂的制备步骤如下:将苦楝树叶10-15份、茶枯3-5份、洗手果3-5份、马尾松叶10-20份、菊花10-20份和五色梅1-5份一起放入锅内加入100份的水搅拌熬煮2-3小时,将煮好的水滤渣,留下的液体装瓶得到所述的绿色杀菌消毒剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用甘蔗健康种子培育高产甘蔗的方法,其特征在于,所述的甘蔗种芽包衣剂制备方法如下:所述的甘蔗种芽包衣剂包括,0.01-0.03%抗寒活性成分、1-3%杀菌剂、0.6-5%杀虫剂、1-2%肥料、5-8%填充粒、0.1-3%染料、3-5%粘合剂和2-6%稳定剂,其余的是水,将所述的抗寒活性成分、杀菌剂、杀虫剂、肥料、填充粒、染料、粘合剂和稳定剂的成分先研磨至微米级,然后分别用适量水溶解成溶液,依次加入水中,搅拌成悬浮液,得到甘蔗种芽包衣剂;
所述的抗寒活性成分为脱落酸2.2-4.8份,杀菌剂为戊唑醇,杀虫剂成分选用氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂,肥料成分选用二元磷酸铵,填充粒选用木粉、高岭土、珍珠岩和云母,按照重量份数比3:3:0.5:0.5混合,粘合剂选用玉米淀粉,稳定剂按照以下重量份数比的成分混合得到,0.05-0.25%的2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚、0.2-0.5%的腊酯和1.5-3.5%的丁醇,染料选用甲基紫4PBX。
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