CN106815449A - A kind of determination method on individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of determination method on individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border, the determination method is that the normal young apple tree hat managed is considered as into oval, and foundation meets the individual plant apple tree crown mapping boundary model of the actual geometrical body feature of young apple tree tree crown.I.e. according to individual plant young apple tree tree crown geometry, set up crown mapping three-dimensional coordinate system, derive the vector equation of solar incident ray, any point on tree crown is solved to project to the coordinate on ground, apple tree crown mapping border can be drawn in space coordinates not in the same time with reference to apparent motion of the sun rule, so as to obtain individual plant young apple tree crown mapping boundary function.Determination method of the invention, individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border can be determined with science, can quantitative resolution apple tree shade scope temporal and spatial orientation, determine shading neighbour body spatial dimension and quantity, and then under apple tree intensity of solar radiation simulation calculate lay the foundation.

Description

A kind of determination method on individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border

Technical field

The present invention relates to agriculture field, more particularly to a kind of determination method on individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border.

Background technology

Farming specialty a kind of new approaches and new concept for agricultural sustainable development is provided, have carried out large area and have pushed away in China Wide and application.Wherein, fruit tree-crop interplanting system is the main Agroforestry Models and agricultural land use type in Loess Plateau, Important work is played the aspects such as loess plateau agricultural land used contradiction, raising land utilization ratio and increase local farmers income are coordinated With, and as water and soil conservation, ecological recovery and the effective way and technical measures rebuild.

But, fruit tree-crop interplanting system often due to top fruit sprayer projected boundary determine difficulty, as fruit tree-crop interplanting system The technical bottleneck united in configuration mode and configuration spacing practice.Because solar radiation is to determine Productivity of Ecological System in woods Key, especially the fruit tree-crop interplanting system pair with early stage based on agriculture.

In order to further improve the benefit of fruit tree-crop interplanting system, this is accomplished by setting up, and a relation is concise, accuracy is high Prediction, the comprehensive Mathematical Modeling for evaluating sylvan life solar radiation space-time dynamic.Crown mapping model is set up, can not only be realized to tree The visualization of drop shadow spread on the ground is preced with, may further be used to calculate sylvan life Shading area, crown mapping overlapping area, Shading time And shade scope motion track interior over any time period.Importantly, crown mapping model to be established as sylvan life any The shading neighborhood zone of point provides decision method, to calculate biography of the solar radiation at sylvan life fixed point in all tree crown canopies Defeated path provides accurate foundation, and then the accurate intensity of solar radiation for calculating sylvan life any point, is research sylvan life crop Light feature establishes Research foundation, can be make rational planning for design hybrid system scientific basis can be provided, can also save labour's thing Power, efficiently utilizes agricultural resource and forest resourceies, makes agriculture, woods production fast-developing.

However, in existing crown mapping modelling technique, generally by trees it is crown be summarized in cone, spherosome, The shapes such as cylinder, according to light in geometric optics along straightline propagation principle, it is believed that cylindrical tree crown is projected as two semicircles With the combination of rectangle, spheroidal tree crown is projected as an ellipse, and cone tree crown is projected as a semicircle with triangle Combination, Preliminary Simulation crown mapping shape, and find crown mapping border mainly by shadows such as crown length, hat width and sun altitudes Ring.

And, prior art also has the following disadvantages：(1) plant canopy model shape is single, tree-like with reality to disagree, and leads Cause simulation precision not high enough.(2) model variable is more, there is a problem of that calculating complexity, workload are big.(3) fail to realize agricultural Hybrid system sylvan life solar radiation spatial distribution is dynamically organically combined with the time, and simultaneously to the projection dynamic of individual plant forest System simulation analysis is carried out, causes it to be disturbed and the simulation of agroforestry ecological environment in analysis projection consecutive variations, adjacent soma Etc. the application of aspect be restricted.(4) due to after sunrise, before sunset penumbral effect substantially, model is in this period to actual the moon There is larger error in the simulation of shadow.

The content of the invention

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide one kind can accurately determine individual plant young apple tree crown mapping The determination method on border, so as to overcome the drawbacks described above of prior art.

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are achieved through the following technical solutions：

A kind of determination method on individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border, the individual plant young apple tree crown mapping side The determination method on boundary is that the normal young apple tree hat managed is considered as into oval, and it is actually several that foundation meets young apple tree tree crown The individual plant apple tree crown mapping boundary model of what body characteristics.

Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the determination method on the individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border is basis Individual plant young apple tree tree crown geometry, sets up crown mapping three-dimensional coordinate system, and derive solar incident ray to Amount equation, solves any point on tree crown and projects to the coordinate on ground, can show that apple tree tree crown is thrown with reference to apparent motion of the sun rule Shadow border is in space coordinates not in the same time, so as to obtain individual plant young apple tree crown mapping boundary function.

Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the crown mapping three-dimensional coordinate system of setting up refers to top fruit sprayer knot Analysis is modeled based on structure and crown geometric properties.

Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, it is described set up crown mapping three-dimensional coordinate system be with tree crown center be sit Mark origin (O) sets up space coordinates, then the space coordinates of any point is (x, y, z) on tree crown, then moves the origin of coordinates (O) To butt (O '), then the coordinate of any point is changed into (x ', y ', z ') on tree crown, and

In formula, H_cdFor tree crown lower semiaxis highly, H_bIt is dry height.

Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the vector equation for deriving solar incident ray is according to solar azimuth Calculated with solar zenith angle, and solar azimuth and zenith angle can then be obtained by the calculating of spherical trigonometry, by generation Computing is changed, the sun incidence vector S of any time is represented by：

In formula, h is sun altitude, and A is solar azimuth.

Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the coordinate that any point is projected to ground on the solution tree crown passes through following number Equation is learned to be expressed as：

In formula, x=[- W ,+W], y=[- W ,+W], z=[- Hcd, Hcu], W are crown width radius, H_cdFor under tree crown Semiaxis highly, H_cuFor tree crown upper semiaxis highly, H_bIt is dry height, h is sun altitude, and A is solar azimuth.

Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the vector of any point coordinate coordinate vector group on the ground on the tree crown Determined by the incident vector of sunray.

Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, projected to the coordinate on ground, under utilization according to any point on set tree crown Establish an equation and determine the projected boundary function of individual plant young apple tree tree crown：

In formula, h is sun altitude, and α is the straight line that summit is constituted to tree crown maximum hat width horizontal plane boundary on tree crown With the angle of the plane, β is the folder of summit to tree crown maximum hat width horizontal plane boundary is constituted under tree crown straight line and the plane Angle, a is abscissa of the tree crown center in the subpoint on ground, and b is ordinate of the tree crown center in the subpoint on ground, and k is ovum Round form parameter, W is maximum hat width, y "=l_3″4″(x ") is the line of demarcation of oval top half and semicircle.

Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the correlation between tri- angles of described h, α and β is：0≤h<β、β≤ h<α or α≤h<90°.

Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, in β≤h<During α, according to y " and l_3”4”Situation, individual plant young apple tree tree Hat projected boundary is divided into two kinds of situations：Work as y " less than l_3”4”When, crown mapping border is ellipse；Work as y " more than or equal to l_3”4”When, Crown mapping border is circle.

Above-mentioned technical proposal of the present invention, has the advantages that：

A kind of determination method on individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border of the invention, the method can be determined single with science Strain young apple tree crown mapping border, can quantitative resolution apple tree shade scope temporal and spatial orientation, determine shading neighbour's body Spatial dimension and quantity, and then under apple tree intensity of solar radiation simulation calculate lay the foundation.Meanwhile, the present invention is really Verifying method simulation precision is high, and model variable is few, calculates simple.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is that young apple tree tree crown according to the present invention is crown and its shadow simulation schematic diagram.

Fig. 2A is the geometrical boundary schematic diagram according to individual plant young apple tree crown mapping of the invention.

Fig. 2 B are to extend schematic diagram according to the projection of the geometrical boundary of individual plant young apple tree crown mapping of the invention.

Fig. 3 is the another geometrical boundary schematic diagram according to individual plant young apple tree crown mapping of the invention.

Fig. 4 is the another geometrical boundary schematic diagram according to individual plant young apple tree crown mapping of the invention.

Specific embodiment

Specific embodiment of the invention is described in detail below, in order to further understand the present invention.

All experimental techniques for using unless otherwise specified, are conventional method in following examples.

The determination method on individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border of the invention, now with Ji County of Shanxi Province (35 ° 53 '- 36 ° of 21 ' N, 110 ° of 27 ' -117 ° of 07 ' E) 4 years raw and 6 years raw young apple trees as a example by introduce.

Specific implementation method：

First, the geographic factors such as corresponding height above sea level, longitude, latitude are experimental field being obtained using high-precision GPS；Use the height of tree The tree crown characteristic parameter such as instrument, meter ruler determine that semiaxis on the height of tree, dry height, hat width, tree crown is high, semiaxis is high under tree crown.In Intercropping System Crop is to plant 10 row crops altogether between 0.35m × 0.40m, two row trees plantation, seeding row spacing is started at tree row 0.7m, in a work The basic parameter that the crop flowers phase measures apple tree is as shown in table 1：

Table 1：Basic parameter

The age of tree/a	Tree walking to	Seeding row spacing/(m × m)	The height of tree/m	Crown height/m	On tree crown semiaxis it is high/m	Under tree crown semiaxis it is high/m	Hat width radius/m
								4	Dong-west	4×5	3.37	2.55	1.85	0.70	1.20
6	Dong-west	4×5	3.82	2.97	2.13	0.84	1.67

Note：Semiaxis is high on tree crown refer to crown width the widest part where distance of the horizontal plane away from tree crown upper vertex, tree crown Lower semiaxis is high refer to crown width the widest part where distance of the horizontal plane away from tree crown lower vertex.

Crown Structure and crown geometric properties according to apple tree set up space coordinates as shown in Figure 1, first with tree crown Center is the origin of coordinates (O), then the space coordinates of any point is (x, y, z) on tree crown, and the origin of coordinates (O) then is moved into trunk Base portion (O '), then the coordinate of any point is changed into (x ', y ', z ') on tree crown, now on tree crown the coordinate of any point in X-axis and Y-axis On space coordinates do not change, the space coordinates only on Z axis then there occurs change, i.e.,：

H in formula_cdFor tree crown lower semiaxis highly, H_bIt is dry height.

The incident vector of sunray can be calculated according to solar azimuth and solar zenith angle, and solar azimuth and day Drift angle can then be obtained by the calculating of spherical trigonometry, and by a series of replacement computing, the sun of any time enters directive Amount S is represented by：

In formula, h is sun altitude, and A is solar azimuth.

The sun altitude of any time and azimuth again can by the geographic latitude in testing site location, declination (δ) and Hour angle (ω) is calculated：

CoshsinA=cos δ sin ω (4)

Declination (δ) is the angle formed between solar incident ray and terrestrial equator, the not calculating of same date solar declination Formula is as follows：

δ=0.006918-0.399912cos θ₀+0.069257·sinθ₀-0.006758·cos2θ₀

+0.000907·sin2θ₀-0.002697·cos3θ₀+0.001480·sin3θ₀ (6)

In formula, θ₀=2 π d_n/ 365, d_nIt is the number of days away from January 1 then.

Hour angle (ω) refers to the angular distance between meridian circle where the sun and observer position, computing formula：

ω=true solar time (hour) × 15-180 ° (7)

By the irradiation of solar incident ray, any point can leave any point on projection, i.e. tree crown and sit on ground on tree crown Target vector coordinate vector group on the ground is determined by the incident vector of sunray.According to coordinate transform formula and its linear change Change, then the coordinate that any point is projected to ground on tree crown may be used to lower math equation and be expressed as：

In formula, x=[- W ,+W], y=[- W ,+W], z=[- H_cd,H_cu], W is crown width radius, H_cdFor under tree crown Semiaxis highly, H_cuFor tree crown upper semiaxis highly, H_bIt is dry height, h is sun altitude, and A is solar azimuth.

The straight line constituted to tree crown maximum hat width horizontal plane boundary according to summit on sun altitude, tree crown and the plane Angle (α), tree crown under the straight line that is constituted to tree crown maximum hat width horizontal plane boundary of summit and the plane angle (β) three Correlation between angle, individual plant apple tree tree crown projection on the ground is broadly divided into three kinds of situations, therefore each case Under each self-corresponding crown mapping boundary function.

(1) as 0≤h<During β, the geometric figure of individual plant apple tree crown mapping is oval (Fig. 2A, 2B), the wherein ovum Circular focus O " is the projection of tree crown center O, the farthest endvertex away from goal tree is the subpoint on summit on tree crown (in Fig. 2 B 1 ") of point, nearest endvertex are the subpoint (Fig. 2 B midpoints 2 ") on summit under tree crown, and now its projected boundary function is：

In formula, a be point O " abscissa, b be point O " ordinate；K is the form parameter of oval, between point 1 " to point O " The ratio of distance between distance and point O " to putting 2 ", i.e.,

(2) as β≤h<During α, the geometric figure of individual plant apple tree crown mapping is that oval top half and one are inscribed within The figure (Fig. 3) that the semicircle of the oval is combined into, wherein oval top half are ossphere body tree crown first half surface camber lines Project and summit is the projection (Fig. 3 midpoints 1) on summit on tree crown, circle is tree crown coordinate origin (O) subpoint (figure on the ground The semicircle that 3 midpoint O ") are the center of circle, maximum hat width (W) is radius composition.According to now individual plant apple tree crown projection on the ground Knowable to geometric figure, straight line the y "=l that point 3 " and 4 " determines_3″4″(x ") is the line of demarcation of oval top half and semicircle, then this When the projected boundary function of individual plant apple tree tree crown be：

In formula, a be point O " abscissa, b be point O " ordinate；K is distance between point 1 " to point O " and point O " to point 5 " Between distance ratio, i.e.,

(3) as α≤h<At 90 °, the geometric figure of individual plant apple tree crown mapping is that circle (Fig. 4), i.e. projected boundary are trees Hat coordinate origin (O) on the ground subpoint (Fig. 4 midpoints O ") are that the center of circle, maximum hat width (W) are circle that radius is constituted, its throwing Shadow boundary function is：

F (x ", y ")=(x "-a)²+(y″-b)²-W²=0 (11)

In formula, a be point O " abscissa, b be point O " ordinate.

3 kinds of situation simultaneous are that can obtain formula (12) by more than：

The crown mapping model that utility theory is derived is calculated, and eliminate influence of the penumbral effect to projected boundary, using residual Difference analyses rejecting abnormalities value, obtains the tree crown of 4 years green apple trees and 6 years green apple trees day part in soybean bloom one day Projected boundary numerical value.

In soybean bloom, 4 years East and West direction projected lengths of green apple tree tree crown in the range of goal tree 4.5m, north To projected length in the range of goal tree 1.6m, south orientation projected length is in the range of goal tree 1.3m；6 years green apple trees The East and West direction projected length of tree crown in the range of goal tree 5.1m, north orientation projected length in the range of goal tree 2.1m, south To projected length in the range of goal tree 1.8m.Understood with reference to Intercropping System crop growing spots, work is between 4 years green apple trees The row crop of system shade scope overlay tree row north 3,2 row in the south；6 years green apple tree Intercropping System shade scope overlay tree row north The row crop of face 4,3 row in the south；Make between the fruit tree shade scope of green apple tree Intercropping System is significantly greater than 4 years green apple trees within 6 years System.

Correlation test is carried out to the border measured value that the calculated value and the method for taking pictures on crown mapping border are obtained, as a result such as table Shown in 2：

Table 2：Correlation test result

Moment

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

Life in 4 years

0.872**

0.891**

0.929**

0.921**

0.944**

0.925**

0.924**

0.895**

0.901**

Life in 6 years

0.891**

0.900**

0.932**

0.930**

0.938**

0.943**

0.931**

0.908**

0.887**

Note：It is 0.01 that * represents significance.

Statistics is indicated：4 years green apple trees and 6 years calculated values of green apple tree day part in soybean bloom 0.872 (P is all higher than with measured value coefficient correlation<0.01), this just illustrates the single tree apple tree set up using the inventive method Crown mapping boundary model can preferably simulate 4 years green apple trees and 6 years green apple trees.

In sum, the determination method on a kind of individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border of the invention, according to individual plant children Age apple tree tree crown geometry, sets up crown mapping three-dimensional coordinate system, and derives the vector equation of solar incident ray, Solve any point on tree crown to project to the coordinate on ground, with reference to solar motion rule apple tree crown mapping border can be drawn not Space coordinates in the same time, accordingly rule can obtain individual plant young apple tree crown mapping boundary function.

The above method can determine individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border with science, can quantitative resolution apple tree shade model The temporal and spatial orientation for enclosing, the spatial dimension and quantity for determining shading neighbour's body, and then be the mould of intensity of solar radiation under apple tree Intend calculating to lay the foundation.

Although the present invention is disclosed as above with embodiment, so it is not intended to limit the present invention, any people in the art Member, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can make a variety of selections and modification, therefore protection model of the invention Enclose and limited by claims and its equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of determination method on individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border, it is characterised in that the individual plant young apple tree The determination method on crown mapping border is that the normal young apple tree hat managed is considered as into oval, and foundation meets young apple tree The individual plant apple tree crown mapping boundary model of the actual geometrical body feature of tree crown.

2. the determination method on individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described The determination method on individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border is, according to individual plant young apple tree tree crown geometry, to set up tree crown Projection three-dimensional space coordinates, and the vector equation of solar incident ray is derived, solve any point on tree crown and project to ground Coordinate, apple tree crown mapping border can be drawn in space coordinates not in the same time with reference to apparent motion of the sun rule, so as to obtain single Strain young apple tree crown mapping boundary function.

3. the determination method on individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described It refers to be modeled analysis based on top fruit sprayer structure and crown geometric properties to set up crown mapping three-dimensional coordinate system.

4. the determination method on individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described It is that (O) sets up space coordinates with tree crown center as the origin of coordinates to set up crown mapping three-dimensional coordinate system, then tree crown is taken up an official post The space coordinates of any be (x, y, z), the origin of coordinates (O) is then moved into butt (O '), then on tree crown any point seat Mark is changed into (x ', y ', z '), and

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}^{\&prime;}=x\\ y^{\&prime;}=y\\ z^{\&prime;}=z+H_{cd}+H_b\end{array}\right.---\left(1\right)$

In formula, H_cdFor tree crown lower semiaxis highly, H_bIt is dry height.

5. the determination method on individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described The vector equation for deriving solar incident ray is calculated according to solar azimuth and solar zenith angle, and solar azimuth and day Drift angle can then be obtained by the calculating of spherical trigonometry, and by the computing that replaces, the sun incidence vector S of any time can be represented For：

$S=\left(\begin{array}{c}-\cosh \&CenterDot;\sin A\\ \cos h\&CenterDot;\cos A\\ \sinh \end{array}\right)---\left(2\right)$

In formula, h is sun altitude, and A is solar azimuth.

6. the determination method on individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described The coordinate that any point is projected to ground on tree crown is solved to be expressed as by following math equation：

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}^{\&prime;\&prime;}=x+(z+H_{cd}+H_b)\&CenterDot;\sin A\&CenterDot;\coth \\ y^{\&prime;\&prime;}=y-(z+H_{cd}+H_b)\&CenterDot;\cos A\&CenterDot;\coth \end{array}\right.---\left(8\right)$

In formula, x=[- W ,+W], y=[- W ,+W], z=[- Hcd, Hcu], W are crown width radius, H_cdIt is the lower semiaxis of tree crown Highly, H_cuFor tree crown upper semiaxis highly, H_bIt is dry height, h is sun altitude, and A is solar azimuth.

7. the determination method on individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described The vector of any point coordinate coordinate vector group on the ground is determined by the incident vector of sunray on tree crown.

8. the determination method on individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border according to claim 6, it is characterised in that according to Any point projects the projection for determining individual plant young apple tree tree crown using following equations to the coordinate on ground on set tree crown Boundary function：

In formula, h is sun altitude, and α is the straight line and be somebody's turn to do that summit is constituted to tree crown maximum hat width horizontal plane boundary on tree crown The angle of plane, β is the angle of summit to tree crown maximum hat width horizontal plane boundary is constituted under tree crown straight line and the plane, a Be tree crown center in the abscissa of the subpoint on ground, b is ordinate of the tree crown center in the subpoint on ground, and k is oval Form parameter, W is maximum hat width, y "=l_3″4″(x ") is the line of demarcation of oval top half and semicircle.

9. the determination method on individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described Correlation between tri- angles of h, α and β is：0≤h<β、β≤h<α or α≤h<90°.

10. the determination method on individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border according to claim 9, it is characterised in that in β ≤h<During α, according to y " and l_3”4”Situation, individual plant young apple tree crown mapping border is divided into two kinds of situations：Work as y " less than l_3”4” When, crown mapping border is ellipse；Work as y " more than or equal to l_3”4”When, crown mapping border is circle.