CN106810875B - Graphene-containing heat-conducting and electricity-conducting composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Graphene-containing heat-conducting and electricity-conducting composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN106810875B
CN106810875B CN201510873045.4A CN201510873045A CN106810875B CN 106810875 B CN106810875 B CN 106810875B CN 201510873045 A CN201510873045 A CN 201510873045A CN 106810875 B CN106810875 B CN 106810875B
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任文才
马超群
成会明
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a graphene-containing heat-conducting and electricity-conducting composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of new materials and application thereof. The heat and electricity conducting filler mixed with the silver powder and the graphene is uniformly mixed with the organic polymer elastic material such as vinyl silicone oil, and more smooth heat and electricity conducting networks are constructed in the organic polymer matrix through the synergistic effect of the silver powder and the large-particle-size filler and the high-heat and electricity conducting graphene, so that the organic polymer composite material with excellent heat and electricity conducting performance, good elasticity and flexibility is obtained. The composite material has the advantages of simple preparation process, high thermal conductivity up to 12W/mK, high electrical conductivity up to 500S/m, high electromagnetic shielding performance up to 45dB, high elasticity and compressibility, and good filling of thermal interface gaps. The composite material can be used as a high-performance heat-conducting interface material, a heat-conducting and electric-conducting high polymer material or an electromagnetic shielding material.

Description

Graphene-containing heat-conducting and electricity-conducting composite material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new materials and application thereof, in particular to a graphene-containing heat-conducting and electricity-conducting composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the development of science and technology, polymer composite materials are widely used in various fields, such as heat-conducting interface materials, electric-conducting rubber materials, electromagnetic shielding materials and the like. This is because the polymer composite material itself has advantages of light weight, flexibility, compressibility, corrosion resistance, and the like, compared to a metal material. Generally, polymer composites are prepared by adding fillers with desired properties (e.g., thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, electromagnetic shielding) to a polymer matrix. The theory of the heat-conducting and electric-conducting polymer (figure 1) considers that the volume fraction of the fillers is more than 60% to achieve higher heat-conducting and electric-conducting performance, so that the fillers are ensured to be mutually contacted to form a communicated heat-conducting and electric-conducting network. The addition of a large amount of heat-conducting filler not only increases the cost and the weight, but also reduces the elasticity and increases the hardness of the material, but the heat-conducting property is difficult to obviously improve.
Since the discovery of graphene, the graphene is receiving wide attention due to its excellent properties (such as excellent conductivity, mechanical properties, etc.), and its ultrahigh thermal conductivity (about 5000W/mK) makes the graphene have a great application prospect in the field of thermal management. However, the graphene raw materials which can be mass-produced at present are all in a powder state, the sheet diameter of the graphene is generally below 20 μm, the sheet diameter is too small, and the graphene is difficult to be added in a large amount when being used as a heat-conducting and electric-conducting filler singly. Therefore, the single use of graphene as a filler is not beneficial to the construction of a heat-conducting and electricity-conducting network, and considering that the production cost of the existing high-quality graphene powder is still high, the single use of graphene to prepare the high-performance heat-conducting and electricity-conducting composite material is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a graphene-containing heat-conducting and electric-conducting organic polymer composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The filler in the prepared composite material has the distribution characteristics of uniform distribution and close packing. Through the synergistic effect of aluminum powder and other large-particle-size heat and electricity conducting fillers and high-heat and electricity conducting graphene, more and smoother heat and electricity conducting networks are constructed in the organic polymer matrix, and the heat and electricity conducting performance of the material is remarkably improved compared with the situation that a single filler is added.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a graphene-containing heat and electricity conducting composite material is formed by uniformly distributing heat and electricity conducting fillers in an organic high polymer material matrix, wherein: the heat and electricity conducting filler is graphene and a heat and electricity conducting material with a large particle size, the organic polymer material matrix is an organic polymer elastic material, and the weight percentage of the filler in the composite material is 50-90%.
The graphene and the large-particle-size heat and electricity conducting material are closely stacked in an organic polymer material matrix, and a plurality of closely overlapped heat and electricity conducting networks are constructed, so that the heat and electricity conducting composite material is formed. In the heat and electricity conducting filler, the weight ratio of graphene to the large-particle-size heat and electricity conducting material is 1: (10-50).
The large-particle-size heat and electricity conducting material is of a three-dimensional spherical structure, and specifically is one or more of aluminum powder, copper powder, silver powder, crystalline flake graphite and spherical graphite.
The organic polymer material is an organic polymer elastic material with good elasticity and flexibility, such as vinyl silicone oil, methyl vinyl silicone rubber, polydimethylsiloxane, polyurethane and the like.
In the heat-conducting and electric-conducting filler, the sheet diameter range of graphene with a two-dimensional sheet structure is 0.1-20 mu m; the particle size range of the large-particle-size heat and electricity conducting material with the three-dimensional spherical structure is 20-180 mu m.
The composite material has the advantages of thermal conductivity up to 12W/mK, electric conductivity up to 500S/m, electromagnetic shielding performance up to 45dB, and good flexibility and compressibility.
The graphene-containing heat-conducting and electricity-conducting composite material is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) fully mixing the heat-conducting and electric-conducting filler, the organic high polymer material and the curing agent to uniformly disperse the filler in the organic high polymer material to obtain a mixed material; the charging sequence in the step is as follows: firstly, adding a curing agent into an organic polymer material, uniformly mixing, and then adding a heat-conducting and electric-conducting filler; in the step, one or more of a high-speed stirrer, a shearing emulsifying machine, a kneading machine or a double-roll open mill are used for fully mixing the filler, the organic high polymer material and the curing agent, so that the filler is ensured to be uniformly dispersed in the matrix. The curing agent is hydrogen-containing silicone oil, 2, 4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide or 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-di (tert-butylperoxy) hexane and the like.
(2) And (2) further mixing the mixed material obtained in the step (1) in an extrusion mode by using a double-roller open mill, and heating, pressurizing, curing and molding the extruded material to obtain the graphene-containing heat-conducting and electric-conducting composite material.
The prepared graphene-containing heat-conducting and electricity-conducting composite material can be used as a heat-conducting interface material, a heat-conducting and electricity-conducting high polymer material or an electromagnetic shielding material.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, silver powder and other large-particle-size heat and electricity conducting fillers with three-dimensional structures are used in an optimized matching manner with two-dimensional lamellar structure graphene, so that a large amount of fillers can be added into a matrix, the fillers in the matrix have the arrangement characteristics of uniform distribution and close packing, and more smooth heat and electricity conducting networks are constructed in an organic polymer matrix through the synergistic effect of aluminum powder and other large-particle-size heat and electricity conducting fillers and high-heat and electricity conducting graphene. Compared with the condition of adding single filler, the heat conduction and electric conductivity of the material are obviously improved.
2. The polymer composite material with excellent heat and electric conductivity is prepared by the method, the preparation process flow is simple, the needed raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, industrial mass production is easy to realize through process amplification, and the cost has obvious advantages compared with the traditional products in related application fields.
3. The composite material prepared by the invention has the advantages of thermal conductivity up to 12W/mK, electric conductivity up to 500S/m, electromagnetic shielding performance up to 45dB, and good elasticity and flexibility. Meanwhile, the heat conducting and electricity conducting electromagnetic shielding performance is achieved. Can be used as a high-performance heat-conducting interface material, a heat-conducting and electric-conducting polymer material or an electromagnetic shielding material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of heat and electricity conduction of polymer composite.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a preparation process of the graphene-containing heat-conducting and electricity-conducting composite material.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a thermal conductive and electrical conductive composite material containing graphene.
Fig. 4 is an optical photograph of a thermally and electrically conductive composite material containing graphene.
Fig. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of the graphene-containing thermally and electrically conductive composite material.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a preparation process of the graphene-containing heat and electricity conductive composite material of the present invention, and the composite material of the present invention can be prepared by a simple process shown in the figure.
The graphene/silver powder composite material is prepared by matching fillers such as silver powder and the like with different particle sizes/sheet diameters and high heat conduction and electric conduction characteristics with graphene in an optimized ratio. The synergistic effect of silver powder and other large-particle-size fillers and graphene nanofillers is fully exerted, and the three-dimensional spherical structure and the two-dimensional lamellar structure are complemented on the filler shape, so that the filler is tightly stacked. The large-particle-size filler establishes a main heat-conducting and electric-conducting path, the graphene nano filler realizes more and better microcosmic connection, and interface thermal resistance and resistance are reduced, so that the high-performance heat-conducting and electric-conducting composite material containing graphene is prepared.
The thermal conductivity of the material was tested using the TIM Tester 1400 materials thermal resistance thermal conductivity Tester, manufactured by ANALYSIS TECH, USA. The conductivity of the material was tested using an RTS-9 model dual electrical test four probe tester from four probe technologies, Guangzhou. Meanwhile, a WILTRON 54169A network analyzer is utilized to test the electromagnetic shielding performance of a sample with the thickness of 1.5mm in a frequency range of 8-12 GHz.
Example 1:
firstly, 100g of vinyl silicone oil and 1g of hydrogen-containing silicone oil are mixed in a kneader, and then two types of particles with the particle sizes of 60 micrometers and 20 micrometers are sequentially added according to the proportion of 3: 1, 250g of mixed spherical aluminum powder and 10g of graphene powder in a weight ratio for 2 hours. The mixture was taken out and thinned 10 times using a two-roll mill or the like. Taking out the mixture, tabletting according to the required thickness, and curing the pressed piece body at 140 ℃ for 5min to obtain the graphene-containing high-performance heat-conducting and electric-conducting composite material.
The microscopic cross-sectional morphology of the prepared graphene-containing composite material is observed by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the obvious arrangement characteristics of uniform distribution and close packing of the filler can be found. The large-particle-size filler establishes a main heat conduction and electric conduction path, the graphene nanofiller realizes more and better microcosmic connection, and the interface thermal resistance and the resistance are reduced, as shown in fig. 3.
The macro morphology of the prepared graphene-containing composite material is shown in an optical photograph in fig. 4, and the material has good flexibility and elasticity.
The microstructure of the prepared graphene-containing composite material is shown in a scanning electron micrograph in fig. 5. As can be seen from the photo, the spherical aluminum powder and the graphene are uniformly distributed in the silica gel matrix. Spherical aluminum powder and graphene micro-sheets are closely stacked, and a large-particle-size three-dimensional spherical structure of the aluminum powder and a two-dimensional nanosheet structure of the graphene act synergistically to form more smooth high-efficiency heat-conducting and electricity-conducting networks in an organic polymer matrix.
By using the instrument and the method in the specification, the thermal conductivity of the sample is 4.6W/mK, the electric conductivity is 100S/m, and the electromagnetic shielding performance can reach 25 dB. Since other embodiments are similar to the sample of this example in appearance and testing method, further description is omitted.
Example 2:
100g of methyl vinyl silicone rubber and 1g of 2, 4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide are mixed in a kneader, and then two types of particles with the particle sizes of 60 mu m and 20 mu m are added in sequence according to the proportion of 3: 1, 250g of mixed spherical aluminum powder and 10g of graphene powder in a weight ratio for 2 hours. The mixture was taken out and thinned 10 times using a two-roll mill or the like. Taking out the mixture, tabletting according to the required thickness, and curing the pressed piece body at 160 ℃ for 5min to obtain the graphene-containing high-performance heat-conducting and electric-conducting composite material.
The macro and micro appearance of the prepared graphene-containing composite material is the same as that of the graphene-containing composite material in the embodiment 1, the material has good flexibility and elasticity, and the filler is uniformly distributed in the silica gel matrix, closely stacked and cooperated to form a high-efficiency heat-conducting and electricity-conducting network.
By using the instrument and the method in the specification, the thermal conductivity of the sample is 4.5W/mK, the electric conductivity is 105S/m, and the electromagnetic shielding performance can reach 25 dB.
Example 3:
firstly, 100g of vinyl silicone oil and 1g of hydrogen-containing silicone oil are mixed in a kneader, and then two types of particles with the particle sizes of 60 mu m and 20 mu m are sequentially added according to the proportion of 2: 1, mixing 400g of spherical aluminum powder and 10g of graphene powder in a weight ratio for 2 hours. The mixture was taken out and thinned 10 times using a two-roll mill or the like. Taking out the mixture, tabletting according to the required thickness, and curing the pressed piece body at 140 ℃ for 5min to obtain the graphene-containing high-performance heat-conducting and electric-conducting composite material.
The macro and micro appearance of the prepared graphene-containing composite material is the same as that of the graphene-containing composite material in the embodiment 1, the material has good flexibility and elasticity, and the filler is uniformly distributed in the silica gel matrix, closely stacked and cooperated to form a high-efficiency heat-conducting and electricity-conducting network.
By using the instrument and the method in the specification, the thermal conductivity of the sample is measured to be 5.4W/mK, the electrical conductivity can reach 150S/m, and the electromagnetic shielding performance can reach 29 dB.
Example 4:
firstly, 100g of vinyl silicone oil and 1g of hydrogen-containing silicone oil are mixed in a kneader, and then two types of particles with the particle sizes of 60 micrometers and 20 micrometers are sequentially added according to the proportion of 3: mixing 400g of spherical aluminum powder and 20g of graphene powder in a weight ratio of 1 for 2 hours. The mixture was taken out and thinned 10 times using a two-roll mill or the like. Taking out the mixture, tabletting according to the required thickness, and curing the pressed piece body at 140 ℃ for 5min to obtain the graphene-containing high-performance heat-conducting and electric-conducting composite material.
The macro and micro appearance of the prepared graphene-containing composite material is the same as that of the graphene-containing composite material in the embodiment 1, the material has good flexibility and elasticity, and the filler is uniformly distributed in the silica gel matrix, closely stacked and cooperated to form a high-efficiency heat-conducting and electricity-conducting network.
By using the instrument and the method in the specification, the thermal conductivity of the sample is 7.1W/mK, the electric conductivity can reach 180S/m, and the electromagnetic shielding performance can reach 33 dB.
Example 5:
firstly, 100g of vinyl silicone oil and 1g of hydrogen-containing silicone oil are mixed in a kneader, and then two types of particles with the particle sizes of 60 mu m and 20 mu m are sequentially added according to the weight ratio of 4: 1, 500g of mixed spherical aluminum powder and 20g of graphene powder in weight ratio for 2 hours. The mixture was taken out and thinned 10 times using a two-roll mill or the like. Taking out the mixture, tabletting according to the required thickness, and curing the pressed piece body at 140 ℃ for 5min to obtain the graphene-containing high-performance heat-conducting and electric-conducting composite material.
The macro and micro appearance of the prepared graphene-containing composite material is the same as that of the graphene-containing composite material in the embodiment 1, the material has good flexibility and elasticity, and the filler is uniformly distributed in the silica gel matrix, closely stacked and cooperated to form a high-efficiency heat-conducting and electricity-conducting network.
By using the instrument and the method in the specification, the thermal conductivity of the sample is measured to be 8.2W/mK, the electric conductivity can reach 240S/m, and the electromagnetic shielding performance can reach 38 dB.
Example 6:
firstly, 100g of vinyl silicone oil and 1g of hydrogen-containing silicone oil are mixed in a kneader, and then two types of particles with the particle sizes of 60 micrometers and 20 micrometers are sequentially added according to the proportion of 3: 1 weight proportion of 700g of mixed spherical copper powder and 20g of graphene powder, and mixing for 2 hours. The mixture was taken out and thinned 10 times using a two-roll mill or the like. Taking out the mixture, tabletting according to the required thickness, and curing the pressed piece body at 140 ℃ for 5min to obtain the graphene-containing high-performance heat-conducting and electric-conducting composite material.
The macro and micro appearance of the prepared graphene-containing composite material is the same as that of the graphene-containing composite material in the embodiment 1, the material has good flexibility and elasticity, and the filler is uniformly distributed in the silica gel matrix, closely stacked and cooperated to form a high-efficiency heat-conducting and electricity-conducting network.
By using the instrument and the method in the specification, the thermal conductivity of the sample is measured to be 8.6W/mK, the electric conductivity can reach 320S/m, and the electromagnetic shielding performance can reach 40 dB.
Example 7:
firstly, 100g of vinyl silicone oil and 1g of hydrogen-containing silicone oil are mixed in a kneader, and then two particle sizes of 80 μm and 30 μm are sequentially added according to the weight ratio of 2.5: mixing 300g of flake graphite and 20g of graphene powder in a weight ratio of 1 for 2 hours. The mixture was taken out and thinned 10 times using a two-roll mill or the like. Taking out the mixture, tabletting according to the required thickness, and curing the pressed piece body at 140 ℃ for 5min to obtain the graphene-containing high-performance heat-conducting and electric-conducting composite material.
The macro and micro appearance of the prepared graphene-containing composite material is the same as that of the graphene-containing composite material in the embodiment 1, the material has good flexibility and elasticity, and the filler is uniformly distributed in the silica gel matrix, closely stacked and cooperated to form a high-efficiency heat-conducting and electricity-conducting network.
By using the instrument and the method in the specification, the thermal conductivity of the sample is measured to be 9.3W/mK, the electric conductivity can reach 370S/m, and the electromagnetic shielding performance can reach 42 dB.
Example 8:
firstly, 100g of vinyl silicone oil and 1g of hydrogen-containing silicone oil are mixed in a kneader, and then two types of particles with the particle sizes of 80 microns and 30 microns are sequentially added according to the proportion of 3: 1g of spherical graphite and 20g of graphene powder which are mixed according to the weight ratio for 2 hours. The mixture was taken out and thinned 10 times using a two-roll mill or the like. Taking out the mixture, tabletting according to the required thickness, and curing the pressed piece body at 140 ℃ for 5min to obtain the graphene-containing high-performance heat-conducting and electric-conducting composite material.
The macro and micro appearance of the prepared graphene-containing composite material is the same as that of the graphene-containing composite material in the embodiment 1, the material has good flexibility and elasticity, and the filler is uniformly distributed in the silica gel matrix, closely stacked and cooperated to form a high-efficiency heat-conducting and electricity-conducting network.
By using the instrument and the method in the specification, the thermal conductivity of the sample is 10.0W/mK, the electrical conductivity can reach 390S/m, and the electromagnetic shielding performance can reach 43 dB.
Example 9:
firstly, 100g of vinyl silicone oil and 1g of hydrogen-containing silicone oil are mixed in a kneader, and then two types of particles with the particle sizes of 60 micrometers and 20 micrometers are sequentially added according to the proportion of 3: 1g of the mixed spherical silver powder and 20g of the graphene powder in the weight ratio for 2 hours. The mixture was taken out and thinned 10 times using a two-roll mill or the like. Taking out the mixture, tabletting according to the required thickness, and curing the pressed piece body at 140 ℃ for 5min to obtain the graphene-containing high-performance heat-conducting and electric-conducting composite material.
The macro and micro appearance of the prepared graphene-containing composite material is the same as that of the graphene-containing composite material in the embodiment 1, the material has good flexibility and elasticity, and the filler is uniformly distributed in the silica gel matrix, closely stacked and cooperated to form a high-efficiency heat-conducting and electricity-conducting network.
The instrument and the method in the specification are utilized to measure that the thermal conductivity of the sample is 12.0W/mK, the electric conductivity can reach 500S/m, and the electromagnetic shielding performance can reach 45 dB.
Comparative example 1:
firstly, 100g of vinyl silicone oil and 1g of hydrogen-containing silicone oil are mixed in a kneader, then 30g of graphene powder is added, and the mixture is mixed for 2 hours. The mixture was taken out and thinned 10 times using a two-roll mill or the like. Taking out the mixture, tabletting according to the required thickness, and curing the pressed piece body at 140 ℃ for 5min to obtain the composite material with graphene independently used as the filler.
By using the instrument and the method in the specification, the thermal conductivity of the sample is measured to be 2.0W/mK, the electric conductivity is 40S/m, and the electromagnetic shielding performance can reach 15 dB.
Comparative example 2:
firstly, 100g of vinyl silicone oil and 1g of hydrogen-containing silicone oil are mixed in a kneader, and then two types of particles with the particle sizes of 60 mu m and 20 mu m are added according to the proportion of 3: 1 weight portion of mixed spherical aluminum powder is 800g, and the mixture is mixed for 2 hours. The mixture was taken out and thinned 10 times using a two-roll mill or the like. Taking out the mixture, tabletting according to the required thickness, and curing the pressed tablet body at 140 ℃ for 5min to obtain the comparative example material.
By using the instrument and the method in the specification, the thermal conductivity of the sample is 3.0W/mK, the electric conductivity is 70S/m, and the electromagnetic shielding performance can reach 18 dB.
The above-mentioned embodiments are provided only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and any method that can be substituted or modified equivalently according to the technical solution and the inventive concept thereof should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A thermal and electric conduction composite material containing graphene is characterized in that: the heat-conducting and electric-conducting composite material is formed by uniformly distributing heat-conducting and electric-conducting fillers in an organic polymer material matrix, wherein: the heat and electricity conducting filler is graphene and a heat and electricity conducting material with a large particle size, the organic polymer material matrix is an organic polymer elastic material, and the filler accounts for 50-90 wt% of the composite material;
the graphene and the large-particle-size heat and electricity conducting material are closely stacked in an organic polymer material matrix, and a multi-stage closely-lapped heat and electricity conducting network is constructed, so that the heat and electricity conducting composite material is formed, wherein in the heat and electricity conducting filler, the weight ratio of the graphene to the large-particle-size heat and electricity conducting material is 1 (10 ~ 50);
the large-particle-size heat and electricity conducting material is one or more of aluminum powder, copper powder, silver powder, crystalline flake graphite and spherical graphite; the organic polymer material is vinyl silicone oil or methyl vinyl silicone rubber.
2. The graphene-containing heat and electricity conductive composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat and electricity conductive filler contains graphene with a flake size of 0.1 ~ 20 μm and a large-particle size heat and electricity conductive material with a particle size of 20 ~ 180 μm.
3. The graphene-containing thermally and electrically conductive composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the thermal conductivity of the composite material can reach 12W/mK, the electrical conductivity can reach 500S/m, and the electromagnetic shielding performance can reach 45 dB.
4. The preparation method of the graphene-containing heat and electricity conductive composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) fully mixing the heat-conducting and electric-conducting filler, the organic high polymer material and the curing agent to uniformly disperse the filler in the organic high polymer material to obtain a mixed material;
(2) and (2) further mixing the mixed material obtained in the step (1) in an extrusion mode by using a double-roller open mill, and heating, pressurizing, curing and molding the extruded material to obtain the graphene-containing heat-conducting and electric-conducting composite material.
5. The preparation method of the graphene-containing heat and electricity conductive composite material according to claim 4, wherein: the charging sequence in the step (1) is as follows: firstly, adding a curing agent into an organic polymer material, uniformly mixing, and then adding a heat-conducting and electric-conducting filler; in the step (1), the filler, the organic polymer material and the curing agent are fully mixed by one or more of a high-speed stirrer, a shearing emulsifying machine, a kneading machine or a double-roll open mill, so as to ensure that the filler is uniformly dispersed in the matrix.
6. The preparation method of the graphene-containing heat and electricity conductive composite material according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: the curing agent is hydrogen-containing silicone oil, 2, 4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide or 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-di (tert-butylperoxy) hexane.
7. The use of the graphene-containing thermally and electrically conductive composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the composite material is applied to heat-conducting interface materials, heat-conducting and electric-conducting high polymer materials or electromagnetic shielding materials.
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