CN106808078A - A kind of diffusion welding method of dissimilar metal - Google Patents
A kind of diffusion welding method of dissimilar metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN106808078A CN106808078A CN201710017274.5A CN201710017274A CN106808078A CN 106808078 A CN106808078 A CN 106808078A CN 201710017274 A CN201710017274 A CN 201710017274A CN 106808078 A CN106808078 A CN 106808078A
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- limiting tool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/14—Preventing or minimising gas access, or using protective gases or vacuum during welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/001—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by extrusion or drawing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of diffusion welding method of dissimilar metal, the dissimilar metal to-be-welded pieces for assembling are carried out with the thermal expansion in welding process using the outside limiting tool and internal stay tool of special design to constrain, so that radial direction solder side obtains enough and uniform welding pressure, ensured for dissimilar metal Diffusion Welding provides reliable welding, the theory that the present invention proposes expansion constraint pressurization carries out the radially pressurization of dissimilar metal interface, by being radially expanded for inside and outside side limiting tool constraint part to be welded, the axial compressive force that Diffusion Welding equipment or frock apply constrains the axial expansion of part to be welded, the bulbs of pressure are made effectively to be applied on different-metal material welding interface, obtain joint performance and the excellent welding of dissimilar metal fitting of sealing, and the soldering of whole weld interface is all right, there is obvious concentration gradient in weld interface, meet diffusion characteristic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of diffusion welding method of dissimilar metal, belong to welding technology field.
Background technology
Diffusion welding (DW) (Diffusion Welding) is a kind of advanced solid phase joining technique, can carry out internal multiple spot, big
The connection of area construction, and electric arc accessibility is bad, or is difficult with fusion welding method or irrealizable connection at all.Due to weldering
Part is non-fusible, and Diffusion Welding technology has stronger advantage in the connection side face of dissimilar metal, can obtain combination property better than normal
Advise the welding point of melting welding.Welding temperature, pressure and soaking time are the major parameters of diffusion technology for welding, and pressure is generally axle
To pressurization.
In order to improve carrier rocket reliability and meet valve loss of weight requirement, carrier rocket fill valve employs Al alloy shell
The attachment structure form of body and stainless steel valve seat, be spirally connected and the mode of shrink fit of original adoption carry out both and connect, such as Fig. 1
It show between Al-alloy casing 1 and stainless steel valve seat 2 and is spirally connected and hot pressing structure type, due to not forming real connection, in length
Al-alloy casing easily forms the problem that leakage channel causes product failure with stainless steel valve base chamber during phase military service.
Aluminium alloy and stainless steel are that one of combination of materials for being connected is most difficult in dissimilar metal component, and especially large area connects
Connect, and pressure is that cylinder radially pressurizes shown in Fig. 1 b, difficulty is just more prominent.Can realize that aluminium alloy is connected with stainless steel large area
Technology have soldering, blast weldering, diffusion welding (DW) etc., aluminum steel soldered fitting is intolerant to air corrosion, and Joint Reliability energy is relatively low；It is quick-fried
The technical process of fried weldering is relative complex；《Plough groove type cylinder connector vacuum diffusion welding process》In 201310301515.0 patents
Propose and the vacuum diffusion bonding of plough groove type copper nozzle realized by the way of cylinder pressurization, the patent only limit to small size,
The connection of copper product of the same race, the welding of copper is easier than dissimilar material joining, and the plasticity and toughness of copper are good, small by what is proposed in patent
Angle assembling is easier to realize being brought into close contact for surface to be welded, and many of complexity are wanted in the connection of foreign material, and two kinds of materials are huge
Physical and chemical performance difference, makes it use welding method to connect relatively difficult；Pressurizeed in 201310301515.0 patents and only carry out
The expansion constraint of copper overcoat is to be capable of achieving both connections, and for foreign material, such as aluminium alloy and stainless steel steel xenogenesis
Material, only expansion constraint is cannot to realize both connections at all in the outer part.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of diffusion welding method of dissimilar metal, the method is by using particular design
Welding tooling and welding technique, obtain joint performance and the excellent welding of dissimilar metal fitting of sealing, and whole welding
The soldering at interface is all right, and weld interface has obvious concentration gradient, meets diffusion characteristic.
What above-mentioned purpose of the invention was mainly achieved by following technical solution：
A kind of diffusion welding method of dissimilar metal, comprises the following steps：
Step (1), the first hardware to be welded is fitted into the second hardware to be welded, and ensures that first treats
The outer surface of welding metal structural member is brought into close contact with the inner surface of the second hardware to be welded, obtains Combination Welding part,
First hardware to be welded and the second hardware to be welded are dissimilar metal, and the first metal structure to be welded
The coefficient of expansion of the coefficient of expansion of part less than the second hardware to be welded；
Step (2), inner support limiting tool and outside limiting tool are respectively mounted to Combination Welding part, will the spacing work of inner support
Dress loads inside the first hardware to be welded, by outside limiting tool (4) installed in the second hardware to be welded
Outside, and the outer surface of inner support limiting tool is brought into close contact with the inner surface of the first hardware to be welded, the spacing work in outside
The inner surface of dress is brought into close contact with the outer surface of the second hardware to be welded；The spacing work of the inner support limiting tool and outside
The coefficient of expansion for filling material therefor is respectively less than the coefficient of expansion of the first hardware to be welded, and it is to be welded that fusing point is above first
The fusing point of hardware, inner support limiting tool and outside limiting tool are used to constrain the radial direction of Combination Welding part in welding process
Expansion；
Step (3), vacuum diffusion bonding is carried out to Combination Welding part, apply axially pressure in welding process to Combination Welding part
Power, the axial expansion of constraint combination weldment；
After the completion of step (4), welding, inner support limiting tool and outside limiting tool are removed, obtain welding of dissimilar metal fitting.
It is to be welded by first by assembly tooling in the step (1) in the diffusion welding method of above-mentioned dissimilar metal
Hardware is fitted into the second hardware to be welded, and the assembly tooling is step column construction, wherein one-level step
The external diameter of column construction matches with the internal diameter of the first hardware to be welded, the external diameter of two stage steps column construction and second
The internal diameter of hardware to be welded matches.
In the diffusion welding method of above-mentioned dissimilar metal, in assembling process, assembly tooling is loaded second first to be welded
Connect inside hardware, the first hardware to be welded is sleeved on the outer surface of one-level step column construction, first treats
It is interference fit between welding metal structural member and the second hardware to be welded；By pressing the first metal knot to be welded
Component is pressed into the second hardware to be welded, and the assembly tooling is to be welded with the first hardware to be welded and second
Gap cooperation is between hardware；The assembly tooling is nonmetallic materials.
In the diffusion welding method of above-mentioned dissimilar metal, first hardware to be welded and the second gold to be welded
The magnitude of interference of interference fit is 0.1-0.3mm between category structural member；First hardware to be welded is to be welded with second
Hardware contact height vertically is 2-10mm；The assembly tooling is treated with the first hardware to be welded and second
The fit clearance that gap coordinates between welding metal structural member is 0.05-0.1mm.
In the diffusion welding method of above-mentioned dissimilar metal, the outer surface of first hardware to be welded opens up ring
Connected in star, the annular groove is single groove, double flute or multiple-grooved.
In the diffusion welding method of above-mentioned dissimilar metal, the depth of the annular groove is 0.5-1mm, length vertically
It is the 1/4-1/2 of the first hardware total length to be welded to spend.
In the diffusion welding method of above-mentioned dissimilar metal, inner support limiting tool is step cylindricality knot in the step (2)
Structure, the wherein external diameter of one-level step column construction match with the internal diameter of the first hardware to be welded, outside limiting tool
It is the cylindrical structure of both ends open, internal diameter matches with the external diameter of the second hardware to be welded.
In the diffusion welding method of above-mentioned dissimilar metal, the inner support limiting tool is equal with the material of outside limiting tool
For nonmetallic, specially molybdenum, ceramics or graphite.
In the diffusion welding method of above-mentioned dissimilar metal, the external diameter of the one-level step column construction is to be welded with first
The internal diameter of hardware matches, and fit clearance is 0.05-0.1mm, and the outside limiting tool internal diameter is to be welded with second
The external diameter of hardware matches, and fit clearance is 0.05-0.1mm.
In the diffusion welding method of above-mentioned dissimilar metal, the wall thickness of the outside limiting tool is more than 20mm.
In the diffusion welding method of above-mentioned dissimilar metal, diffusion in vacuum is carried out to Combination Welding part in the step (3)
The process conditions of welding are：Welding temperature is 520 DEG C -560 DEG C, and soaking time is 90-120min, and axial constraint pressure P is 10-
15MPa。
In the diffusion welding method of above-mentioned dissimilar metal, first hardware to be welded and the second gold to be welded
Belonging to the material of structural member includes following three kinds combinations：First hardware to be welded is stainless steel, the second metal knot to be welded
Component is aluminium；First hardware to be welded is stainless steel, and the second hardware to be welded is copper；First metal to be welded
Structural member is stainless steel, and the second hardware to be welded is titanium alloy.
In the diffusion welding method of above-mentioned dissimilar metal, the first hardware plated surface active layer to be welded,
Active layer material is nickel or silver, and active layer thickness is 5-15 microns.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art：
(1), the present invention carries out the assembling of dissimilar metal to-be-welded pieces using the assembly tooling of special design, effective to ensure
The axiality of assembling before weldering, it is ensured that the welding quality and welded rate of welding point.
(2), the present invention is to be welded to the dissimilar metal for assembling using the outside limiting tool and internal stay tool for specially designing
Fitting carries out the expansion constraint in welding process so that radial direction solder side obtains enough and uniform welding pressure, is xenogenesis gold
Category Diffusion Welding provides reliable welding and ensures.
(3), be assemblied in the less to-be-welded pieces of the coefficient of expansion inside the larger to-be-welded pieces of the coefficient of expansion by the present invention, makes
The problem in the absence of Stress Release under cooling and normal temperature state is obtained, the welding quality of weldment has been ensured.
(4), the theory for proposing expansion constraint pressurization of the invention carries out the radially pressurization of dissimilar metal interface, by interior outside
Limiting tool constrains being radially expanded for part to be welded, and the axial compressive force of applying constrains the axial expansion of part to be welded, there is the bulbs of pressure
Being applied on different-metal material welding interface for effect, obtains the weldment for meeting and requiring.
(5) welding method of the present invention is used, the soldering of the whole weld interface of postwelding metallographic observation is all right, weld interface
In the presence of obvious concentration gradient, meet diffusion characteristic.
(6), the present invention is by carrying out notching construction design to the less to-be-welded pieces of the coefficient of expansion, and cross-notching form
And size optimizes design, coordinate the use of assembly tooling, reduce assembling pressure, reduce weldment deformation, it is more efficient
Ensure that welding quality.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is to be spirally connected between Al-alloy casing and stainless steel valve seat in the prior art and hot pressing structure type figure, wherein scheming
1a is spiro connection structure form figure, and Fig. 1 b are hot pressing structure type figure.
Fig. 2 is that assembly tooling of the present invention is shown with the first hardware to be welded, the second hardware assembling to be welded
It is intended to；
Fig. 3 is inner support limiting tool of the present invention, outside limiting tool, the first hardware to be welded to be welded with second
Hardware assembling schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the first hardware structural representation to be welded of the invention, and wherein Fig. 4 a are to open single slot structure schematic diagram,
Fig. 4 b are to open dual-slot structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is that the first hardware to be welded of the invention and the second hardware even circumferential pressurization to be welded are illustrated
Figure；
Fig. 6 is LD10 aluminium alloys and stainless steel Diffusion Bonded Joint micro-organization chart in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
The diffusion welding method of dissimilar metal of the present invention specifically includes following steps：
(1) first hardware to be welded 1 is fitted into the second hardware to be welded 2 by assembly tooling 5,
And ensure that the outer surface of the first hardware to be welded 1 is brought into close contact with the inner surface of the second hardware to be welded 2, obtain
To Combination Welding part, wherein the first hardware to be welded 1 and the second hardware to be welded 2 are dissimilar metal, and the
The coefficient of expansion of one hardware to be welded 1 less than the second hardware to be welded 2 the coefficient of expansion, the in the present embodiment
One hardware to be welded 1 is stainless steel, and the second hardware to be welded 2 is aluminium.
It is illustrated in figure 2 assembly tooling of the present invention and the first hardware to be welded, the second hardware to be welded
First hardware to be welded 1 is loaded the second hardware to be welded by assembling schematic diagram, the present invention by assembly tooling 5
In 2, assembly tooling 5 is step column construction, the wherein external diameter of one-level step column construction 5-1 and the first metal structure to be welded
The internal diameter of part 1 matches, and the external diameter of two stage steps column construction 5-2 matches with the internal diameter of the second hardware to be welded 2.
In assembling process, assembly tooling 5 is loaded inside the second hardware to be welded 2 first, it is to be welded by first
Hardware 1 is sleeved on the outer surface of one-level step column construction 5-1, and the first hardware to be welded 1 is to be welded with second
It is interference fit to connect between hardware 2, and the magnitude of interference is 0.1-0.3mm.By pressing the first hardware to be welded 1
It is pressed into the second hardware to be welded 2, the hardware to be welded 1 of assembly tooling 5 and first and the second metal to be welded
Gap cooperation is between structural member 2, gap is as small as possible, and fit clearance is 0.05-0.1mm.
First hardware to be welded 1 and the second hardware to be welded 2 contact height vertically are 2-10mm.
Assembly tooling 5 plays importing, it is ensured that assembling is not skewed, assembly tooling 5 is removed afterwards, by the first hardware to be welded 1
Pressure is downwardly applied to, is coordinated with the second hardware to be welded 2.Assembly tooling 5 is nonmetallic materials, is poly- in the present embodiment
Acid imide.
The first hardware structural representation to be welded of the invention is illustrated in figure 4, wherein Fig. 4 a are to open single slot structure
Schematic diagram, Fig. 4 b are to open dual-slot structure schematic diagram.The outer surface of the first hardware to be welded 1 opens up annular groove 1-1, institute
It is single groove, double flute or multiple-grooved to state annular groove.The depth of annular groove 1-1 is 0.5-1mm, and length vertically is first to be welded
Meet the 1/4-1/2 of the total length of hardware 1.Additionally, as shown in fig. 4 a, the end face of the first hardware to be welded 1 is adopted
With chamfer design, the fifth wheels such as metal inclusion, the angle of chamfering 1-3 are not resulted in while the oxide-film for wiping out aluminum alloy surface
Scope is 30-45 °.
(2) inner support limiting tool 3 and outside limiting tool (4), are respectively mounted to Combination Welding part, will inner support it is spacing
Frock 3 loads inside the first hardware to be welded 1, and outside limiting tool 4 is arranged on into the second hardware to be welded 2
Outside, and the outer surface of inner support limiting tool 3 is brought into close contact with the inner surface of the first hardware to be welded 1, outer lateral spacing
The inner surface of position frock 4 is brought into close contact with the outer surface of the second hardware to be welded 2.Inner support limiting tool 3 and outer lateral spacing
The coefficient of expansion of the position material therefor of frock 4 is respectively less than the coefficient of expansion of the first hardware to be welded 1, and fusing point is above first
The fusing point of hardware to be welded 1, inner support limiting tool 3 and outside limiting tool 4 are used to constrain combination weldering in welding process
Fitting is radially expanded.
It is illustrated in figure 3 inner support limiting tool of the present invention, outside limiting tool, the first hardware to be welded and second
Hardware assembling schematic diagram to be welded.Inner support limiting tool 3 is step column construction, wherein one-level step post as seen from the figure
The external diameter of shape structure 3-1 matches with the internal diameter of the first hardware to be welded 1, and fit clearance is 0.05-0.1mm.Outside
Limiting tool 4 is the cylindrical structure of both ends open, and internal diameter matches with the external diameter of the second hardware to be welded 2, between cooperation
Gap is 0.05-0.1mm.Inner support limiting tool 3 is nonmetallic with the material of outside limiting tool 4, for example, can be molybdenum, ceramics
Or graphite.And the wall thickness of side limiting tool 4 is more than 20mm.
(3) vacuum diffusion bonding, is carried out to Combination Welding part, axial compressive force is applied to Combination Welding part in welding process,
The axial expansion of constraint combination weldment.It is illustrated in figure 5 the first hardware to be welded of the invention and the second gold to be welded
Category structural member even circumferential pressurization schematic diagram, be to the process conditions that Combination Welding part carries out vacuum diffusion bonding：Welding temperature
It it is 520 DEG C -560 DEG C, soaking time is 90-120min, axial constraint pressure P is 10-15MPa.
First hardware to be welded 1 is combined with the material of the second hardware to be welded 2 including following three kinds：The
One hardware to be welded 1 is stainless steel, and the second hardware to be welded 2 is aluminium；First hardware to be welded 1 is
Stainless steel, the second hardware to be welded 2 is copper；First hardware to be welded 1 is stainless steel, the second metal to be welded
Structural member 2 is titanium alloy.
The plated surface active layer of first hardware to be welded 1, active layer material is nickel or silver, and active layer thickness is 5-15
Micron.
(4) after the completion of, welding, inner support limiting tool 3 and outside limiting tool 4 are removed, obtains welding of dissimilar metal fitting.
Embodiment 1
Illustrated by taking the Diffusion Welding of dissimilar metal aluminium alloy and stainless steel as an example below.Aluminium and steel are typical xenogenesis
Metal welding jointses, are also one of combination of materials that weldering is most difficult in dissimilar metal, and 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steels are used in the present embodiment
With LD10 aluminium-alloy pipes.
(1), welding point design：
(1), the joint form of aluminium Baogang：Because the thermal coefficient of expansion of aluminium is much larger than stainless steel, joint is in normal temperature or relatively low
At a temperature of, aluminium amount of contraction makes aluminum steel joint more firm more than stainless steel steel；
(2), the mode that cylindrical interference coordinates：Aluminium-alloy pipe inwall, stainless steel tube outer wall are processed as into interference before weldering to match somebody with somebody
Close the face of cylinder, mentality of designing：1. the oxide-film of aluminum alloy surface is removed by way of interference is sheared, oxide-film is reduced to diffusion
The adverse effect of welding procedure；2. enable aluminum alloy to realize being brought into close contact with stainless steel, it is equiatomic beneficial to Fe, Al in welding process
Dispersal behavior is produced.
(2), welding tooling design：
With reference to aluminum steel diffusion welding (DW) feature, the present invention devises two kinds of outside limiting tool and inner support limiting tool, wherein interior
Support limiting tool is served only for cylinder fit structure.
(1), outside limiting tool：Outside limiting tool plays a part of to suppress the expansion of aluminium alloy outer wall, by stainless steel
Expansion make aluminium/steel be brought into close contact realize diffusion purpose.Tool structure：The external surface size of weldment is adapted to, weldment can be complete
It is fitted into frock entirely, fit clearance is controlled in 0.05mm-0.1mm.Frock selection principle：A. frock material melting point should be higher than that and be welded
Product material fusing point, b. frock materials are difficult that physical reaction occurs with product to be welded；C. frock material thermal expansion coefficient is far below
Thermal expansion coefficient of aluminum alloy, such as molybdenum, ceramics, graphite；D. frock material good processability.
(2), inner support limiting tool：Inner support limiting tool plays two effects：
A. positioning action：The frock material is made of nonmetallic materials, and frock longitudinal section is in " L-type ", outside dimension point
Not with stainless steel internal diameter, aluminium alloy internal diameter interference fits, it is ensured that the axiality of workpiece assembling to be welded, prevent from axially applying pressure not
The aluminum steel that balance causes spreads the generation of interracial contact unfavorable condition.Different length can be obtained using frock external diameter jump value not
Rust steel and aluminium alloy diffusion joint.
B. the effect of stainless steel medial expansion is constrained：In intensification welding process, stainless steel medial expansion is constrained, promote aluminum steel
Diffusion Welding interface produces enough bulbs of pressure to realize that aluminum steel is welded.Using frock material with outside limiting tool material phase
Together.
(3), aluminum steel diffusion technology for welding control technology
(1) quality control on the surface of front connector, is welded；
For diffusion welding (DW), material surface machining state directly affects joint quality, therefore joint surface roughness will be use up
May be low.Joint can make to contain air and oxide in weld seam in the presence of excessive interface impurity and greasy dirt, so as to influence welding to join
Several stability and contamination weldering vacuum drying oven.Therefore after being machined test specimen solder side to be welded, need to use alcohol before weldering
Or acetone carries out wiping and goes to degrease and surface impurity, to increase the stability of welding process.
Additionally, aluminium alloy inner surface, stainless steel outer surface need to strictly control perpendicularity, because excessive out of plumb surface will
The laminating degree of influence welding and assembling process aluminium/steel mating surface can be produced, therefore during actual welding, it is desirable to the processing of weld interface is hung down
Straight degree control is within 0.05mm.
(2), in welding process technological parameter control
Process parameter optimizing control is the necessary condition for realizing aluminum steel connection, and Control Welding Process is also product final mass
Effective guarantee, control Diffusion Welding temperature, soaking time, welding pressure, the magnitude of interference, metallic intermediate layer etc. are to aluminum steel diffusion welding (DW)
The influence that joint is produced, carries out parameter optimization, realizes that aluminum steel joint high-quality is connected.
Due to special product structure form, aluminium alloy 1 is that cylinder is radially connected with the connected mode of stainless steel 2, such as Fig. 5
It is shown.It is difficult to realize the radially uniform pressurization of aluminum steel linkage interface using conventional machinery axial direction pressuring method.This patent is proposed
The theory pressurizeed using expansion constraint is carried out aluminum steel interface and radially pressurizeed：In Diffusion Welding temperature-rise period, aluminium alloy and stainless steel
There is difference of expansion stress in both, can produce certain pressure in aluminum steel weld interface, but in the case of being constrained without periphery, the pressure compared with
It is small, therefore the periphery expansion (axially, radially) of constraint aluminium alloy and stainless steel simultaneously, the bulbs of pressure can be promoted effectively to be applied to
On aluminum steel weld interface.Constraint aluminium alloy directly passes through with stainless steel shaft to the axial mechanical pressure of applying, the constraint is expanded through
Equipment is to be capable of achieving；The outer radial periphery expansion of constraint aluminium alloy need to be realized by outside 3 and internal stay tool 4.
(3), aluminum steel joint vacuum diffusion welding performance rating technology
The difference of aluminum steel physical and chemical performance makes its welding point be also easy to produce weld metal zone brittle intermetallic thing, while technological specification does not conform to
In the case of reason, easily there are the defects such as non-soldering, hole in weld seam inside, to ensure aluminum steel diffusion welding line joint quality, realizes
Reliability and the uniformity connection of weld seam are, it is necessary to carry out the destructive detection such as metallographic cutting inspection, mechanics properties testing of test specimen
Etc. being evaluated.Simultaneously according to design objective require, aluminum steel Diffusion Welding joint also need by hydraulic pressure strength, helium Mass Spectrometer Method and
The circumstantial evidence methods such as high/low temperature checking are detected.
(4), aluminum steel dissimilar metal vacuum diffusion bonding
After ensureing that welding quality, test specimen solder side are machined, still need to be carried out using alcohol or acetone before weldering
Wipe, remove weldment surface and oil contaminant and impurity, as needed, stainless steel surfaces can 5-10 μm of nickel plating.After weldment is cleaned up, adopt
0Cr18Ni9 stainless steels are uniformly pressed into LD10 aluminium-alloy pipes with the mode of press-in assembling, and are fitted into graphite frock, be put into
In diffusion in vacuum stove, welding parameter is adjusted, start welding.Welding condition is specially：520 DEG C -560 DEG C of temperature, during insulation
Between 90-120min, axial constraint pressure P be 10-15MPa.
(5), postwelding processing
Postwelding is processed according to the requirement of drawing size.Due to aluminium alloy and the difference of stainless steel dissimilar material thermophysical property
It is different, its formed joint larger heat input or larger mechanical impact force effect under, may butt joint produce it is unfavorable
Influence, therefore ensure that aluminum steel joint bears less machining stress using fine feed.
(6), the performance detection of postwelding joint
The performance detection of aluminum steel Diffusion Welding joint can be by following detection means：
(1), non-destructive testing：It is because Diffusion Welding is the infusible mode of Solid-phase welding, i.e. raw material therefore molten with conventional
Weld the weld defect for producing different, except a small number of volumetric defects, be such as mingled with, intermetallic compound etc., most weld defect
Be area-type defect, do not weld such as and, crackle etc., therefore expanded by the way of C-scan ultrasound detection is combined with X-ray detection
Dissipate the detection of plumb joint defect.
(2), aluminum steel Diffusion Welding joint can also take hydraulic pressure, airtight, explosion, vibration etc. with actual condition identical index
Tested.
(3), destructive testing：Metallographic Analysis and mechanical property test are tested.Postwelding is to LD10/0Cr18Ni9 Diffusion Weldings
Head carries out metallographic and shearing test, and the soldering of the whole weld interface of metallographic observation is all right.
It is illustrated in figure 6 LD10 aluminium alloys and stainless steel Diffusion Bonded Joint micro-organization chart in the embodiment of the present invention.Welding
There is obvious concentration gradient in interface, meet diffusion characteristic.Shearing strength of joint reaches 110MPa.
The above, optimal specific embodiment only of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in,
Should all be included within the scope of the present invention.
The content not being described in detail in description of the invention belongs to the known technology of professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of diffusion welding method of dissimilar metal, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
Step (1), the first hardware (1) to be welded is fitted into the second hardware (2) to be welded, and ensures first
The outer surface of hardware (1) to be welded is brought into close contact with the inner surface of the second hardware (2) to be welded, is combined
Weldment, first hardware (1) to be welded and the second hardware (2) to be welded are dissimilar metal, and first
The coefficient of expansion of the coefficient of expansion of hardware (1) to be welded less than the second hardware (2) to be welded；
Step (2), inner support limiting tool (3) and outside limiting tool (4) are respectively mounted to Combination Welding part, will inner support it is spacing
Frock (3) loads the first hardware (1) inside to be welded, by outside limiting tool (4) installed in the second metal to be welded
The outside of structural member (2), and the outer surface of inner support limiting tool (3) is tight with the inner surface of the first hardware (1) to be welded
Closely connected conjunction, the inner surface of outside limiting tool (4) is brought into close contact with the outer surface of the second hardware (2) to be welded；It is described
The coefficient of expansion of inner support limiting tool (3) and outside limiting tool (4) material therefor is respectively less than the first hardware to be welded
(1) the coefficient of expansion, fusing point is above the fusing point of the first hardware (1) to be welded, inner support limiting tool (3) and outer lateral spacing
Position frock (4) is for constraining being radially expanded for Combination Welding part in welding process；
Step (3), vacuum diffusion bonding is carried out to Combination Welding part, axial compressive force is applied to Combination Welding part in welding process,
The axial expansion of constraint combination weldment；
After the completion of step (4), welding, inner support limiting tool (3) and outside limiting tool (4) are removed, obtain different-metal material welding
Part.
2. the diffusion welding method of a kind of dissimilar metal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step (1)
The first hardware (1) to be welded is fitted into the second hardware (2) to be welded by assembly tooling (5), the dress
It is step column construction with frock (5), the wherein external diameter of one-level step column construction (5-1) and the first hardware to be welded
(1) internal diameter matches, the internal diameter phase of the external diameter of two stage steps column construction (5-2) and the second hardware (2) to be welded
Matching.
3. the diffusion welding method of a kind of dissimilar metal according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is first in assembling process
Assembly tooling (5) is first loaded into the second hardware (2) inside to be welded, by the first hardware (1) suit to be welded
In the outer surface of one-level step column construction (5-1), the first hardware (1) to be welded and the second hardware to be welded
(2) it is interference fit between；The first hardware (1) to be welded is pressed into the second hardware to be welded by being pressed
(2) in, between the assembly tooling (5) and the first hardware (1) to be welded and the second hardware (2) to be welded
For gap coordinates；The assembly tooling (5) is nonmetallic materials.
4. the diffusion welding method of a kind of dissimilar metal according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Described first is to be welded
The magnitude of interference of interference fit is 0.1-0.3mm between hardware (1) and the second hardware (2) to be welded；Described
One hardware (1) to be welded is 2-10mm with the second hardware (2) to be welded contact height vertically；The dress
With the cooperation that gap between frock (5) and the first hardware (1) to be welded and the second hardware (2) to be welded coordinates
Gap is 0.05-0.1mm.
5. the diffusion welding method of a kind of dissimilar metal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described first is to be welded
The outer surface of hardware (1) opens up annular groove (1-1), and the annular groove is single groove, double flute or multiple-grooved.
6. the diffusion welding method of a kind of dissimilar metal according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The annular groove
The depth of (1-1) is 0.5-1mm, and length vertically is the 1/4-1/2 of the first hardware (1) total length to be welded.
7. the diffusion welding method of a kind of dissimilar metal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step (2)
Inner support limiting tool (3) is step column construction, wherein the external diameter of one-level step column construction (3-1) and the first metal to be welded
The internal diameter of structural member (1) matches, and outside limiting tool (4) is the cylindrical structure of both ends open, internal diameter and the second gold to be welded
The external diameter of category structural member (2) matches.
8. the diffusion welding method of a kind of dissimilar metal according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The spacing work of inner support
Dress (3) is nonmetallic, specially molybdenum, ceramic or graphite with the material of outside limiting tool (4).
9. the diffusion welding method of a kind of dissimilar metal according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The one-level step post
The external diameter of shape structure (3-1) matches with the internal diameter of the first hardware (1) to be welded, and fit clearance is 0.05-0.1mm,
Outside limiting tool (4) internal diameter matches with the external diameter of the second hardware (2) to be welded, and fit clearance is 0.05-
0.1mm。
10. the diffusion welding method of a kind of dissimilar metal according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The outside is spacing
The wall thickness of frock (4) is more than 20mm.
11. according to a kind of diffusion welding method of one of claim 1-10 described dissimilar metal, it is characterised in that：The step
Suddenly it is to the process conditions that Combination Welding part carries out vacuum diffusion bonding in (3)：Welding temperature is 520 DEG C -560 DEG C, during insulation
Between be 90-120min, axial constraint pressure P be 10-15MPa.
12. according to a kind of diffusion welding method of one of claim 1-10 described dissimilar metal, it is characterised in that：Described
One hardware (1) to be welded is combined with the material of the second hardware (2) to be welded including following three kinds：First is to be welded
It is stainless steel to connect hardware (1), and the second hardware (2) to be welded is aluminium；First hardware (1) to be welded is
Stainless steel, the second hardware (2) to be welded is copper；First hardware (1) to be welded is stainless steel, and second is to be welded
Hardware (2) is titanium alloy.
13. according to a kind of diffusion welding method of one of claim 1-10 described dissimilar metal, it is characterised in that：Described
One hardware (1) plated surface active layer to be welded, active layer material is nickel or silver, and active layer thickness is 5-15 microns.
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