CN106801566A - 一种透光度实时可调的节能降噪窗结构及其优化方法 - Google Patents

一种透光度实时可调的节能降噪窗结构及其优化方法 Download PDF

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CN106801566A
CN106801566A CN201710148287.6A CN201710148287A CN106801566A CN 106801566 A CN106801566 A CN 106801566A CN 201710148287 A CN201710148287 A CN 201710148287A CN 106801566 A CN106801566 A CN 106801566A
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魏延鹏
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Beijing Xiao Tu Science and Technology Ltd. s
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Abstract

本发明公开一种透光度实时可调的节能降噪窗结构及其优化方法。依次设置有第一玻璃层、真空层、第二玻璃层、薄膜调光层和第三玻璃层，五层结构的上端和下端通过U形的封装框架直接压紧贴合封装在一起，靠近所述第一玻璃层的封装框架外侧设置有光强传感器，所述光强传感器将感受到的光强信号转化为电流信号传入耦合器，所述薄膜调光层的两端均设置有电极，两端通过所述电极引出引线，与可调电源进行连接，所述耦合器根据电流信号强弱控制输入所述可调电源的电压，从而实时调节薄膜调光层的透光度。本发明具有组装简单成本低、实时自动调节窗户透光度，大大降低光线污染，隔音降噪效果明显节能环保等优点。

Description

一种透光度实时可调的节能降噪窗结构及其优化方法
技术领域
本发明涉及门窗领域，尤其是一种透光度实时可调的窗结构。
背景技术
据统计，当前我国建筑物的能耗约占社会总能耗的28％，如果对新建建筑物能耗不作控制的话，预计其在2030年就将超过工业能耗，达到全社会总能耗的40％左右，成为社会第一能耗大户。而窗体是建筑物能量损失的主要途径——约有30％～50％的能量是通过窗户流失的。我国的情况则尤其严重，在已有约440亿平方米的建筑物中，超过85％以上使用的是保温、隔热性能差，能耗很高的普通玻璃，直接后果就是我国的平均建筑能耗是发达国家的3倍以上。针对这一情况，建设部提出了到2020年，所有新建建筑都需达到节能65％的目标，为实现这一目标，使用高效节能玻璃已经成为必然的选择。
同时，来源于高速公路、大型经营场所等的环境噪声，有90％通过窗户进入室内，给人们的居住和办公带来了噪声困扰。噪声是造成人们精力不集中和睡眠质量下降的一大因素，此外，还容易导致听力下降等问题。
在室外温度较高且阳光充足的情况下，室内温度会通过与窗体热辐射和传导的方式迅速上升，导致室内空调耗能极具增加。同时在室外温度较低时，室内热量会通过热传导及对流的形式向室外散失，导致室内暖气耗能量增加。而一般采用窗帘只能遮挡掉辐射所产生的能量交换，无法屏蔽传导导致的热量交换。现有的多层门窗结构只能起到很弱的隔音隔热的效果，或者只具有调光一种单一功能，且无法对透光度进行实时调节，或者是组装结构太过于复杂，成本高昂不实用。
本发明提供一种新型的窗体结构及其优化设计方法，结构简单成本低，而且能够大幅降低室外光照及噪声对室内环境产生的影响，同时具有透光度实时调整功能，将会在未来建筑物窗体隔热降噪性能提高方面提供新的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明通过设置有五层玻璃的透光度实时可调的节能降噪窗结构，不仅能够实时自动调节窗户透光度，大大降低光线污染，而且隔音降噪效果明显节能环保，且安装简单成本低。
本发明的一种透光度实时可调的节能降噪窗结构，其特征在于：依次设置有第一玻璃层、真空层、第二玻璃层、薄膜调光层和第三玻璃层，五层结构的上端和下端通过U形的封装框架直接压紧贴合封装在一起，靠近所述第一玻璃层的封装框架外侧设置有光强传感器，所述光强传感器将感受到的光强信号转化为电流信号传入耦合器，所述薄膜调光层的两端均设置有电极，两端通过所述电极引出引线，与可调电源进行连接，所述耦合器根据电流信号强弱控制输入所述可调电源的电压，从而实时调节薄膜调光层的透光度。
所述薄膜调光层为聚氨酯类透明调光薄膜，或者可采用其他类似的树脂或高分子材料的薄膜。
所述可调电源为0-24V可调电源，可根据薄膜材料的不同，对可调电源的电压范围进行调整。
所述第一、二、三玻璃层均为钢化玻璃，也可以采用其他类型的能够实现本发明功能的玻璃。
一种对上述的透光度实时可调的节能降噪窗结构进行优化的方法，其特征在于：
包括以下步骤：
a.利用噪声仪获取室内噪声分布；
b.获取噪声声压级最大处的频谱特征，找出噪声能量过大频率点；
c.建立窗结构数值仿真模型，确定窗结构外部尺寸，确保窗结构自身共振频率远离噪声能量较大的频率点；
d.建立室内全尺寸房间模型，设置窗结构不同的层结构参数，通过迭代计算，获得能够达到最大降噪方案的参数数据，根据参数数据对窗结构进行调整。
所述迭代计算的次数为50次以上。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下的优点和有益效果：
通过依次设置有第一玻璃层、真空层、第二玻璃层、薄膜调光层和第三玻璃层，五层结构同时实现了多种功能，起到了很好的隔音降噪的效果，大大降低了噪音污染；五层结构的上端和下端通过U形的封装框架直接压紧贴合封装在一起，安装方法简单易行，无需使用任何粘结剂和密封装置，成本低，安装效率高；通过传感器和耦合器等的设置，可对窗结构进行实时的透光度调节，非常智能化自动化，无需人工手动调节，减少了光线污染。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明实施例的进一步理解，构成本发明的一部分，并不构成对本发明实施例的限定。
图1为本发明的窗结构的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的优化方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合实施例和附图，对本发明作进一步的详细说明，本发明的示意性实施方式及其说明仅用于解释本发明，并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
参照说明书附图1，一种透光度实时可调的节能降噪窗结构，依次设置有第一玻璃层t1、真空层t2、第二玻璃层t3、薄膜调光层t4和第三玻璃层t5，五层结构通过上端和下端的封装框架f压紧封装在一起，靠近第一玻璃层t1的封装框架外侧设置有光强传感器s，将感受到的光强信号转化为电流信号传入耦合器c，薄膜调光层t4的两端均设置有电极，两端通过电极引出引线，与可调电源V进行连接，耦合器C根据电流信号强弱控制输入可调电源V的电压，从而实时调节薄膜调光层t4的透光度。
薄膜调光层t4为聚氨酯类透明调光薄膜，或者可采用其他类似的树脂或高分子材料的薄膜。
可调电源V可以为0-24V可调电源，也可根据薄膜材料的不同，对可调电源的电压范围进行调整。
第一、二、三玻璃层均为钢化玻璃，也可以采用其他类型的能够实现本发明功能的玻璃。
本发明的窗结构也可以应用到门上，应用到车辆上或火车上或飞机或轮船上等需要调光、隔音、隔热、隔冷的装置上。
实施例2
噪声的传递也主要通过窗体以波动的形式传入室内，在外部噪声级以及频段一定的情况下，室内噪声大小可由窗体的材料、厚度及各夹层之间的关系等参数确定。
基于此，提出一种对实施例1中所述的透光度实时可调的节能降噪窗结构进行优化的方法，包括以下步骤：
a.利用噪声仪获取室内噪声分布；
b.获取噪声声压级最大处的频谱特征，找出噪声能量过大频率点；
c.由于在较大外部噪声的情况下，可能引起窗体结构的共振，形成二次噪声，因此要建立窗结构数值仿真模型，确定窗结构外部尺寸L，D，确保窗结构自身共振频率远离噪声能最较大的频率点；
d.建立室内全尺寸房间模型，设置窗结构不同的层结构参数，例如厚度、密度、传热系数、真空度、透明度等，通过迭代计算，获得能够达到最大降噪方案的参数数据，根据参数数据对窗结构进行调整，迭代计算的次数为50次以上。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种透光度实时可调的节能降噪窗结构，其特征在于：依次设置有第一玻璃层、真空层、第二玻璃层、薄膜调光层和第三玻璃层，五层结构的上端和下端通过U形的封装框架直接压紧贴合封装在一起，靠近所述第一玻璃层的封装框架外侧设置有光强传感器，所述光强传感器将感受到的光强信号转化为电流信号传入耦合器，所述薄膜调光层的两端均设置有电极，两端分别通过所述电极引出引线，与可调电源进行连接，所述耦合器根据电流信号强弱控制输入所述可调电源的电压，从而实时调节薄膜调光层的透光度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种透光度实时可调的节能降噪窗结构，其特征在于：所述薄膜调光层为聚氨酯类透明调光薄膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种透光度实时可调的节能降噪窗结构，其特征在于：所述可调电源为0-24V可调电源。
4.根据权利要求4所述的一种透光度实时可调的节能降噪窗结构，其特征在于：所述第一玻璃层、第二玻璃层、第三玻璃层均为钢化玻璃。
5.一种对权利要求1-4任一项所述的透光度实时可调的节能降噪窗结构进行优化的方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
a.利用噪声仪获取室内噪声分布；
b.获取噪声声压级最大处的频谱特征，找出噪声能量过大频率点；
c.建立窗结构数值仿真模型，确定窗结构外部尺寸，确保窗结构自身共振频率远离噪声能量较大的频率点；
d.建立室内全尺寸房间模型，设置窗结构不同的层结构参数，通过迭代计算，获得能够达到最大降噪方案的参数数据，根据参数数据对窗结构进行调整。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：所述迭代计算的次数为50次以上。
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