CN106797729B - Peanut seed coat protective agent and peanut seed coat agent - Google Patents
Peanut seed coat protective agent and peanut seed coat agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN106797729B CN106797729B CN201710055790.7A CN201710055790A CN106797729B CN 106797729 B CN106797729 B CN 106797729B CN 201710055790 A CN201710055790 A CN 201710055790A CN 106797729 B CN106797729 B CN 106797729B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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Abstract
The invention provides a peanut seed coat protective agent and a peanut seed coat agent, and relates to the technical field of peanut seed treatment. The peanut seed coat protective agent provided by the invention consists of esterified vegetable oil and an emulsifier, and can effectively reduce peanut seed coat shedding on the basis of ensuring the affinity with peanut seed coats. The peanut seed coating agent provided by the invention consists of a film-forming agent, a suspending agent, an emulsifying agent, a coloring agent, bentonite and the peanut seed coating protective agent, and can effectively reduce the peanut seed coating falling rate after dressing and coating peanuts, and simultaneously ensure that the development of peanut cotyledons is not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of peanut seed treatment, in particular to a peanut seed coat protective agent and a peanut seed coat agent.
Background
The peanut is a nut which is rich in yield and wide in eating in China. The peanut fruit contains protein, fat, saccharide, vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin E, vitamin K, mineral calcium, phosphorus, iron, etc., 8 kinds of amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids essential for human body, lecithin, choline, carotene, coarse fiber, etc. The fat content is 44-45%, the protein content is 24-36%, and the sugar content is about 20%. It is rich in vitamin B2, PP, A, D, E, calcium, iron, etc. And contains multiple vitamins such as thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, etc. Has effects in promoting brain cell development and improving memory. In addition, the nutrient components of the peanuts also enable the peanuts to have certain medicinal values, such as anti-aging, hemostasis and coagulation, promotion of bone development, prevention of seed tumors and the like. Meanwhile, the oil extracted from peanut kernels is transparent, light yellow and aromatic, and edible oil can be extracted. Used as lubricant in textile industry and quenching agent in mechanical manufacturing industry.
In the agricultural production of peanuts, the quality of seeds directly influences the production of crops, and the seeds are easily carried by the seeds or infected by pathogenic bacteria and insects in soil during the stage from sowing to seedling formation, so that diseases and insect pests in the early growth stage such as seed decay and incomplete growth are caused, the germination and growth of the seeds are influenced, and the sowing seedling formation rate is reduced. In order to prevent and control adverse effects of adverse circumstances such as plant diseases and insect pests, harm is often reduced by spraying, broadcasting and applying bactericides, pesticides and the like, but the disadvantages of inaccurate standard, damage to natural enemies and the like are easily caused. Therefore, it is important to improve the pesticide application technology, and the seed coating technology using the seed coating agent is a high and new agricultural technology being developed and already used in China.
The seed coating agent is a pesticide formulation developed mainly aiming at seed treatment, and is uniformly coated on the surface of seeds, so that the active ingredients are slowly released, and the seed coating agent has the effects of preventing diseases and pests in seedling stage, improving the field emergence rate of the seeds and the growth vigor of the seedlings and enhancing the stress resistance of the seedlings. The formula composition has a mature mode, mainly comprises a film-forming agent, a suspending agent (xanthan gum), a coloring agent, bentonite and the like according to a certain proportion and pesticide active ingredients, and at present, most registered varieties of seed coating agents are directed at corn and wheat seeds.
Due to the special components and the characteristic of easy shedding of the peanut coats, the seed coating agent produced and processed by the formula combination of the common seed coating agents for corn and wheat increases the shedding rate of the seed coats after the peanut is coated with seeds, and is also a main factor for limiting the popularization and the use of the peanut seed coating agent in China.
Therefore, on the basis of the existing formula, the reduction of the peanut seed coat shedding rate is an important index for the development and molding of the peanut seed coating agent.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a peanut seed coat protective agent to overcome the technical problem of high peanut seed coat shedding rate after seed dressing and coating in the prior art.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a peanut seed coating agent, which is used for overcoming the technical problem that the peanut seed coat shedding rate is increased after the peanut is coated with seed coatings in the prior art.
The invention provides a peanut seed coat protective agent, which consists of esterified vegetable oil and an emulsifier.
Further, the mass ratio of the esterified vegetable oil to the emulsifier is 0.5-3: 1.
further, the mass ratio of the esterified vegetable oil to the emulsifier is 2: 1.
further, the esterified vegetable oil is methyl esterified vegetable oil.
Further, the methyl esterified vegetable oil is methyl esterified peanut oil.
Further, the emulsifier is a lipophilic emulsifier.
Further, the lipophilic emulsifier is alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate.
In addition, the invention also provides a peanut seed coating agent which consists of a film-forming agent, a suspending agent, an emulsifier, a coloring agent, bentonite and the peanut seed coating protective agent.
Further, the peanut seed coat protective agent accounts for 1-5% of the total mass of the peanut seed coating agent.
Further, the peanut seed coat protective agent accounts for 2-4% of the total mass of the peanut seed coating agent.
The peanut seed coat protective agent provided by the invention comprises esterified vegetable oil and an emulsifier, and can effectively reduce peanut seed coat shedding on the basis of ensuring the affinity with peanut seed coats. The peanut seed coating agent provided by the invention contains the peanut seed coating protective agent, and can effectively reduce the peanut seed coating falling rate after dressing and coating peanuts, and meanwhile, the development of peanut cotyledon is not influenced.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below in connection with preferred embodiments. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents, tools or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available by commercial purchase.
The invention provides a peanut seed coat protective agent, which consists of esterified vegetable oil and an emulsifier.
The esterified vegetable oil is generated by transesterification of crude vegetable oil and alcohols, the crude vegetable oil is directly extracted from plant fruits or seeds, the mutual solubility of the crude vegetable oil and an emulsifier is poor, compared with the crude vegetable oil, the esterified vegetable oil and the emulsifier have higher mutual solubility, and the affinity of a peanut seed coat protective agent and a peanut seed coat is enhanced.
In the invention, the esterified vegetable oil can be one or more than two of esterified rapeseed oil, esterified cottonseed oil, esterified peanut oil, esterified corn oil, esterified soybean oil, esterified sunflower seed oil, esterified linseed oil and esterified castor oil.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the esterified vegetable oil to the emulsifier is 0.5-3: 1.
in a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of esterified vegetable oil to emulsifier is 2: 1.
in the present invention, the esterified vegetable oil is a methyl-esterified vegetable oil.
In the invention, the methyl-esterified vegetable oil can be one or more than two of methyl-esterified rapeseed oil, methyl-esterified cottonseed oil, methyl-esterified peanut oil, methyl-esterified corn oil, methyl-esterified soybean oil, methyl-esterified sunflower seed oil, methyl-esterified linseed oil and methyl-esterified castor oil.
In a preferred embodiment, the methyl esterified vegetable oil is methyl esterified peanut oil.
In the present invention, the emulsifier is a lipophilic emulsifier.
Emulsifiers are substances which improve the surface tension between the various constituent phases of an emulsion to form a uniform and stable dispersion or emulsion. Lipophilic emulsifiers are surface-active substances with lipophilic groups in the molecule, which accumulate at the oil interface and reduce the interfacial tension and the energy required to form an emulsion, thus increasing the energy of the emulsion.
In the present invention, the lipophilic emulsifier may be one or more of SP60 (sorbitan monostearate), SP80 (sorbitan monooleate), Ningru 36(α -methylbenzylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate), Nongru 700 (alkylphenol formaldehyde resin polyoxyethylene ether), and SOPO (alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate).
In the invention, the lipophilic emulsifier is alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate.
In addition, the invention also provides a peanut seed coating agent which consists of a film-forming agent, a suspending agent, an emulsifier, a coloring agent, bentonite and the peanut seed coating protective agent.
In the invention, the film forming agent can be one or more than two of acacia, animal glue, pectin, xanthan gum, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamide and sodium polyacrylate.
In the present invention, the suspending agent may be an oil suspending agent or xanthan gum, and may be, for example, but not limited to, vegetable oil or synthetic oils.
In the invention, the emulsifier can be one or two of agricultural milk 600 and agricultural milk 601.
In the invention, the coloring agent can be one of basic rose essence, water-soluble rose bengal and brilliant blue.
In the present invention, the bentonite is organic bentonite.
In the invention, the peanut seed coat protective agent accounts for 1-5% of the total mass of the peanut seed coat agent.
In a preferred embodiment, the peanut seed coat protective agent accounts for 2-4% of the total mass of the peanut seed coat agent.
The peanut seed coat protective agent provided by the invention can effectively reduce peanut seed coat shedding on the basis of ensuring the affinity with peanut seed coats. The peanut seed coating agent provided by the invention contains the peanut seed coating protective agent, and can effectively reduce the peanut seed coating falling rate after dressing and coating peanuts, and meanwhile, the development of peanut cotyledon is not influenced.
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below in connection with preferred embodiments. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Example 1 determination of the germination percentage of test peanut seeds
The peanut seeds are half-watered and placed in a culture dish to be cultured under the conditions of 28 ℃ and 16h light/8 h dark. And respectively measuring the germination rates of the peanut seeds cultured for 24h, 48h and 72 h. Three repeat groups of 100 peanut seeds were simultaneously set.
The germination rate of the peanut seeds can be obtained through the measurement result of the germination rate of the peanut seeds, and the germination rate of the tested peanut seeds meets the normal standard.
Example 2 Synthesis of methyl esterified vegetable oils
In this embodiment, the methyl-esterified vegetable oil is selected from methyl-esterified peanut oil, methyl-esterified soybean oil and methyl-esterified rapeseed oil.
Firstly, the peanut oil, the soybean oil and the rapeseed oil are hydrolyzed, and then the hydrolyzed peanut oil, the soybean oil and the rapeseed oil are respectively subjected to esterification reaction with methanol to generate corresponding methyl esterified peanut oil, methyl esterified soybean oil and methyl esterified rapeseed oil, wherein the conversion rate can reach 90 percent. The specific operation steps are as follows: 20mL of peanut oil, 20mL of soybean oil and 20mL of rapeseed oil were placed in a 100mL round-bottom flask with 25mL of anhydrous methanol and 40mL of 30% NaOH solution, respectively, two zeolites were added, and the mixture was heated and refluxed in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 1 hour. Stopping heating, transferring the higher fatty acid sodium generated in the flask into a beaker filled with 500mL of water, continuously stirring by using a glass rod, and dropwise adding a 10% hydrochloric acid solution into the beaker until the higher fatty acid sodium is completely converted into higher fatty acid to be separated out. The mixture was filtered with a suction flask, and the obtained higher fatty acids were transferred to a 250mL three-necked flask, and 150mL of anhydrous methanol and 15mL of concentrated sulfuric acid were added thereto, followed by heating under reflux at 80 ℃ for 1 hour. Stopping heating, pouring the mixed solution in the flask into a 250mL separating funnel, discarding the solution at the lower layer, washing the methyl ester layer with warm water to remove unreacted methanol, catalyst and the like, then drying with calcium chloride to remove residual water to obtain crude methyl esterified vegetable oil, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain refined methyl esterified vegetable oil.
Example 3 peanut seed coat protectant component screening test design
In this example, the methyl esterified vegetable oil is the methyl esterified peanut oil, the methyl esterified soybean oil and the methyl esterified rapeseed oil provided in example 2;
in this embodiment, the lipophilic emulsifier is selected from SP60, SP80, Ningru 36, Nongru 700 and SOPO.
In the embodiment, an orthogonal test method is selected, and components and proportions which enable the peanut seed coat shedding rate to be low, the potted plant emergence rate to be high and the cotyledon unfolding condition to be good are screened. Methyl esterified rapeseed oil was mixed with SP60, SP80, Ning milk 36, Nongru 700 or SOPO at a ratio of 0.5: 1,1: 1,2: 1 or 3: 1, mixing; methyl esterified soybean oil was mixed with SP60, SP80, Ningru 36, Nongru 700 or SOPO at a ratio of 0.5: 1,1: 1,2: 1 or 3: 1, mixing; separately mixing methyl esterified peanut oil with SP60, SP80, Ningru 36, Nongru 700 or SOPO at a ratio of 0.5: 1,1: 1,2: 1 or 3: 1, mixing; the components are combined and divided into 1-15 groups, orthogonal tests are carried out, and experimental grouping design is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The compositions are subjected to strong cutting and compounding in a strong cutting stirrer according to corresponding proportions, and after the compounded peanut seed coat protective agent is diluted by 10 times, the weight ratio of the peanut seed coat protective agent to the peanut seeds is 1: 100, peanut seeds provided in example 1 were coated.
Example 4 peanut seed coat protectant component ratio Effect
After the damaged and germinated seeds were picked out and discarded, the peanut seeds coated with the peanut seed coat protective agent provided in example 3 and the peanut seeds without any treatment were subjected to seed coat peeling rate and emergence rate detection.
The test steps for detecting the falling rate are as follows: 20g of untreated control group peanut seeds and the peanut seeds coated with the peanut seed coat protective agent provided in the embodiment 3 for 2 hours are respectively placed in a placing tray, the placing tray is placed on an oscillator, the oscillation is carried out for 10 minutes at the rotating speed of 500r/min, then the damage and the falling quantity of the peanut seed coats are investigated, and the falling rate is calculated according to the ratio of the number of the peanut seed coats falling to the total number of the peanut seed coats.
The emergence rate was determined by pot culture test, and the control group of untreated peanut seeds, and the peanut seeds coated with the peanut seed coat protective agent provided in example 3 were planted in flowerpots, 20 seeds were sown in each pot, 5 pots were planted for each treatment, 2cm of soil was covered, the seedlings were placed in a 22 ℃ incubator at constant temperature, and the illumination was 42000LUX, and the emergence rate of peanuts was investigated after 72 hours. Meanwhile, the influence of the seed coats of the peanuts on the cotyledons after the peanuts come out of the soil is observed.
The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
0.5 in Table 2: 1,1: 1,2: 1,3: 1 is the mass ratio of methyl esterified vegetable oil to lipophilic emulsifier.
Test results show that the ratio of the methyl esterified peanut oil to SOPO is 1: 1,2: 1, the peanut seed coat has low shedding rate, but the ratio of the peanut seed coat is 2: 1, compared with a control group, after peanuts are coated with seed coats, the seed leaves are coated with seed coats after the peanuts emerge, and part of the seed leaves cannot be opened, so that the single leaf unfolding of the peanuts is influenced.
Therefore, it can be seen from the experimental results of this example that, as the oil quality of the methyl esterified plant is increased, although the peanut seed coat has a low shedding rate, the peanut seed coat is tightly wrapped after the peanut is planted, and does not shed, which affects the emergence of the peanut and the development of young leaves.
Example 5 Effect of peanut seed coat protectant on the proportion of peanut seed coat in peanut seed coating formulation
Taking 30% thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent as an example, the proportion and the dosage of the peanut seed coat protective agent are determined through tests. The peanut seed coating agent is developed according to the basic formula of the seed coating agent auxiliary agent in China, and the main auxiliary agents are a suspending agent (xanthan gum), an emulsifying agent (agricultural milk 600 and agricultural milk 601), a film-forming agent (polyethylene glycol), a coloring agent (water-soluble rose bengal) and bentonite for processing the peanut seed coating agent.
The methyl esterified peanut oil and an emulsifier SOPO are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 1,2: 1 adding the peanut seed coat protective agent which is combined into the peanut seed coat agent provided by the embodiment respectively by the mass of 1%, 2%, 4% and 5% of the total mass of the peanut seed coat agent provided by the embodiment to serve as an experimental group; taking a peanut seed coating agent without a peanut seed coating protective agent as a control agent group; meanwhile, peanut seeds without any treatment were used as a control group. Respectively processing the peanut seed coating agents of different groups under the action of high-speed rotary cutting of a sand mill, and after the processing is finished, determining the suspension rate of the peanut seed coating agent according to the industry standard NY 618-2002, wherein the suspension rate of the peanut seed coating agent and the suspension rate of the peanut seeds are determined according to the following proportion that 1: after coating with seed dressing at a mass ratio of 100, the peanut seed coat shedding rate and the influence of peanut emergence were measured according to the detection method provided in example 4, and the detection results are shown in table 3.
According to the test results, the ratio of methyl esterified peanut oil to SOPO is 2: the composition 1 is added into the peanut seed coating agent by the mass of 2-4% of the total mass of the peanut seed coating agent provided by the embodiment, so that the suspension rate of the peanut seed coating agent can reach more than 95%, the emergence rate of peanuts can reach more than 85%, and meanwhile, the peanut seed coating agent has a good effect of reducing the shedding rate of peanut seed coats.
TABLE 3
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A peanut seed coat protective agent is characterized by consisting of esterified vegetable oil and an emulsifier.
2. The peanut seed coat protective agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the esterified vegetable oil to the emulsifier is 0.5-3: 1.
3. the peanut seed coat protective agent as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the esterified vegetable oil to the emulsifier is 2: 1.
4. the peanut seed coat protectant of claim 1, wherein said esterified vegetable oil is a methyl esterified vegetable oil.
5. A peanut seed coat protectant according to claim 4, wherein said methyl esterified vegetable oil is methyl esterified peanut oil.
6. The peanut seed coat protective agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a lipophilic emulsifier.
7. The peanut seed coat protective agent as claimed in claim 6, wherein the lipophilic emulsifier is alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate.
8. A peanut seed coating agent, which is characterized by consisting of a film-forming agent, a suspending agent, an emulsifying agent, a coloring agent, bentonite and the peanut seed coat protective agent as claimed in claim 1.
9. The peanut seed coating agent of claim 8, wherein the peanut seed coating protective agent accounts for 1-5% of the total mass of the peanut seed coating agent.
10. The peanut seed coating agent of claim 9, wherein the peanut seed coat protective agent accounts for 2-4% of the total mass of the peanut seed coating agent.
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