CN106788649A - A kind of switch by total power constraint simulates beamforming system - Google Patents
A kind of switch by total power constraint simulates beamforming system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106788649A CN106788649A CN201611113744.XA CN201611113744A CN106788649A CN 106788649 A CN106788649 A CN 106788649A CN 201611113744 A CN201611113744 A CN 201611113744A CN 106788649 A CN106788649 A CN 106788649A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
- H04B7/0626—Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of switch by total power constraint and simulates beamforming system, including：Transmitting terminal rf chain, radio frequency switch assembly and receiving terminal rf chain, the transmitting terminal rf chain are connected with the input of radio frequency switch assembly, and the output end of the radio frequency switch assembly is connected with the receiving terminal rf chain；Wherein, the radio frequency switch assembly includesNIt is individual transmitting RF switch andNIndividual transmitting radio-frequency antenna, the radio frequency switch assembly selects a RF switch to realize point-to-point transmission as RF switch is received, and controls the RF switch state of radio frequency switch assembly to maximize received signal to noise ratio according to channel information；The transmission power of the transmitting radio-frequency antenna of the radio frequency switch assembly by emitter total power constraint, the general power of the emitter evenly distributed to all transmitting radio-frequency antennas of radio frequency switch assembly.The present invention realizes switch simulation Wave beam forming gain using only simple analog switch, can realize the diversity gain of complete spatial multiplexing gain and whole.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of analog beam formation system, more particularly to a kind of switch analog beam by total power constraint
Formation system.
Background technology
In the potential technology of following 5G, it has proved that extensive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) can imitate system spectrum
Rate improves several times.Typical extensive mimo system is cellular communication, wherein base station (BS) equipped with a large amount of antennas servicing shifting
Employ family.Additionally, with the development of high-frequency communication (especially greater than 30GHz), a large amount of antennas be not only it is possible, but also must
The small array gain caused due to compact antenna size must be compensated.
Digital beam-forming is to develop good technology in mimo system, and it has flexibility, and adaptability and performance optimize
Advantage.However, digital beam-forming is too expensive and during too wasted work rate may not apply to extensive MIMO, because each antenna
It is connected with the RF of costliness (radio frequency) chain, generally by power amplifier, modulus or digital analog converter, analog converter and mixed
Frequency device etc. is constituted.
With the development of the development of high-frequency communication, particularly 60GHz, due to the size of compact aerial, substantial amounts of antenna
May and not be still must be for compensating small array gain.In order to save rf chain in digital beam froming (RF chains into
This and power consumption are very high) number, to the Wave beam forming operation of analog domain using phase shifter and power amplifier in RF domains
Method, has regained more concerns.The design of simulation RF frameworks and beamforming algorithm is thorough in some publications
Research.These work show, compared with the conventional architectures using digital beam froming, the performance deficiency formed using analog beam
It is rational by reducing hardware spending cost.Although analog beam is formed with the advantage in terms of power and cost, setting
During meter RF hardware, especially for millimeter wave (mm-wave) carrier signal, completing analog beam formation can run into huge challenge
And integrity problem.In the prior art also it is proposed that some simple analog beams form structure to reduce its hardware complexity
Degree, but to reduce what performance was realized as cost.As phase shifter, the radio-frequency power amplifier with variable gain also ten
Divide necessity, this is still challenging and expensive when being also such that in realizing that analog beam is formed.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are that needs offer is a kind of rationally controls cost, small volume, speed soon, linearly
Bandwidth and the frequency switch simulation beamforming system by total power constraint high.
In this regard, the present invention provides a kind of switch by total power constraint simulates beamforming system, including：Transmitting terminal radio frequency
Chain, radio frequency switch assembly and receiving terminal rf chain, the transmitting terminal rf chain are connected with the input of radio frequency switch assembly, institute
The output end for stating radio frequency switch assembly is connected with the receiving terminal rf chain；Wherein, the radio frequency switch assembly includes N number of hair
RF switch and N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna corresponding with transmitting RF switch are penetrated, N is the number for launching radio-frequency antenna, and N takes
Natural number；The radio frequency switch assembly selects a RF switch as receiving RF switch, with realize transmitting RF switch with
The channel received between the point-to-point transmission between RF switch, and the transmitting RF switch and reception RF switch has height
What this was distributed is independently distributed variable, and the switch simulation beamforming system controls penetrating for radio frequency switch assembly according to channel information
Frequency on off state is maximizing received signal to noise ratio；The transmission power of the transmitting radio-frequency antenna of the radio frequency switch assembly is by emitter
Total power constraint, the general power of the emitter evenly distributed to all transmitting radio-frequency antennas of radio frequency switch assembly.
Further improvement of the present invention is, the input of N number of transmitting RF switch with the transmitting terminal radio frequency
The output end of chain is connected, and the output end of each transmitting RF switch is respectively connecting to one and penetrates correspondingly therewith
Frequency antenna.
Further improvement of the present invention is that the radio frequency switch assembly also includes receiving RF switch and penetrated with reception
Frequency switchs corresponding reception radio-frequency antenna, and the input of the reception RF switch is connected to one-to-one reception therewith and penetrates
Frequency antenna, the input of the output end of the reception RF switch with the receiving terminal rf chain is connected.
Further improvement of the present invention is that in the transmitting terminal rf chain, emitter is connected to by power amplifier
The input of current divider, the output end of the current divider is connected to the transmitting RF switch of the radio frequency switch assembly.
Further improvement of the present invention is, in the receiving terminal rf chain, receiver is connected by low-noise amplifier
To the output end of combiner, the input of the combiner is connected to the reception RF switch of the radio frequency switch assembly.
Further improvement of the present invention is that the baseband receiving signals system model of the receiver is
Receiver receive signal to noise ratio beWherein, Pt/ K is the transmission power for launching radio-frequency antenna；PtFor
The general power of emitter；T is the set for launching radio-frequency antenna；K is the radix of the set T for launching radio-frequency antenna；hjIt is j-th hair
Penetrate radio-frequency antenna and receive the channel coefficients between radio-frequency antenna, hj, 0≤j≤N is to obey multiple Gauss to be distributed CN (0,1)
Independent same distribution variable；X is the base band sending signal of emitter；N~CN (0, σ2) represent receiver white Gaussian noise；|
∑j∈Thj|2It is the signal power of receiver.
Further improvement of the present invention is that each transmitting radio-frequency antenna is sent with its maximized transmission power penetrates
Frequency signal.
Further improvement of the present invention is that the switch simulation beamforming system controls radio frequency to open according to channel information
The RF switch state for closing component is comprised the following steps with maximizing received signal to noise ratio：
Step S1, according to the channel coefficients of N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna, the orthogonal vertical line of N bars is drawn for this N number of channel coefficients,
The complex plane of N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna composition is divided into common 2N sector；
Step S2, to each sector, determines a correspondence set VK；
Step S3, to first set V1, calculate all channel coefficients sums therein
Step S4, calculates set below wherein all of channel coefficients sum successively
Step S5, to all of fk, select of its maximum absolute value；By the f of maximum absolute valuekCorresponding set
VKAs the radix K of the set T of transmitting radio-frequency antenna；
Step S6, the element number K of initialization set T*=1, f*=maxi|hi|2, maxiExpression looks for maximum to all of i
Value, set T*Element obtain the h of maximum absolute valuei, wherein, i is the sequence number of channel, f*It is the element number of initialization set T
K*Channel coefficients sum after=1, hiIt is i-th channel coefficients of channel；
Step S7, from the element number K=2 to N of set T, until f/K ＞ f*, then f*=f/K, K*=K, T*=T0, the public affairs
Formula is to update f*, because f*Always deposit maximum；F is channel coefficients sum, and then obtains the absolute value of channel coefficients sum
Radix K more than first threshold and set T is less than the corresponding set T of Second Threshold*；Wherein, N is antenna total number, the antenna
Total number is corresponding with the number of transmitting RF switch.
Further improvement of the present invention is, in the step S1, depicts N number of channel coefficients hj(j=1；2；…；N)
Two-dimentional complex plane, its trunnion axis and the longitudinal axis correspond to real part and imaginary part respectively；Then to each channel coefficients hjIt is drawn to pass through
The cross line of origin, obtains 2N sector；In the step S2, if i-th channel coefficients hiIn sector, the projection of k is positive number,
Then hi∈Vk；Otherwise
Further improvement of the present invention is that the step S7 includes following sub-step：
Step S701, initializes θ=0, and wherein, θ is the argument of all complex channel sums in set to f=0, and f is initialization
Channel coefficients sum afterwards；
Step S702, according to all channel coefficients hiIn the projection in θ directions, to channel coefficients hiIt is ranked up, if after sequence
Channel coefficients be hπj；
Step S703, generates two set T={ hπ1,hπ2,…,hπjAnd TC={ hπK+1,hπK+2,…,hπN}；
Step S704, as the π of θ ＜ 2, ifSo,T0=T；Wherein, T0
It is the set of the transmitting radio-frequency antenna after initialization；Calculate
Renewal θ be θ+
δ；One minute angle increment, a channel parameter h in correspondence set are calculated by the formulaiIt is changed into channel parameter hj, for handle
Argument θ is updated to new argument θ+δ；By exchanging channel coefficients hiWith channel coefficients hj；Update set T and set TC, until following
Ring terminates.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：Based on channel condition information, multiple transmitting radio-frequency antenna
In each be switched on or disconnect to realize beam forming, can substantially reduce and be used in traditional analog beamforming system
High cost, power consumption and bulky analog phase shifter, the present invention realizes out using only simple analog switch
Close analog beam formed gain, institute selectively a radio-frequency antenna be directly connected to a corresponding rf chain and without other radio frequencies
Any pre-processing device such as chain or phase shifter, the effect of switch simulation beamforming system of the present invention is by selecting one
Point radio-frequency antenna simply realize, and the diversity gain of complete spatial multiplexing gain and whole can be realized.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of digital beam froming switch in the prior art；
Fig. 3 is the principle schematic that analog beam forms switch in the prior art；
Fig. 4 is the principle schematic of day line options in the prior art；
Fig. 5 is the detailed system model schematic of an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is that complex plane is divided into 8 principle schematics of sector by 4 channel coefficients in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is an embodiment of the present invention by increasing antenna amount come the signal of the Normalized Signal/Noise Ratio of simulated receiver
Figure；
Fig. 8 is an embodiment of the present invention averagely obtains receiver by the momentary rate realized to each channel
Average achievable speed emulation schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is probabilistic simulation schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention receiver signal to noise ratio less than given threshold value.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, preferably embodiment of the invention is described in further detail.
As shown in figure 1, this example provides a kind of switch by total power constraint simulates beamforming system, including：Transmitting terminal
Rf chain, radio frequency switch assembly and receiving terminal rf chain, the transmitting terminal rf chain are connected with the input of radio frequency switch assembly
Connect, the output end of the radio frequency switch assembly is connected with the receiving terminal rf chain；Wherein, the radio frequency switch assembly includes
N number of transmitting RF switch and N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna corresponding with transmitting RF switch, N is the individual of transmitting radio-frequency antenna
Number, N takes natural number；The radio frequency switch assembly selects a RF switch as RF switch is received, to realize launching radio frequency
Channel between point-to-point transmission between switch and reception RF switch, and the transmitting RF switch and reception RF switch
Variable is independently distributed with Gaussian Profile, the switch simulation beamforming system controls RF switch group according to channel information
The RF switch state of part is maximizing received signal to noise ratio；The radio frequency switch assembly transmitting radio-frequency antenna transmission power by
The total power constraint of emitter, the general power of the emitter is evenly distributed to all transmitting radio frequencies day of radio frequency switch assembly
Line.
As shown in figure 1, output end of the input of N number of transmitting RF switch with the transmitting terminal rf chain is connected
Connect, the output end of each transmitting RF switch is respectively connecting to an one-to-one transmitting radio-frequency antenna therewith；It is described to penetrate
Frequency switch module also includes receiving RF switch and the reception radio-frequency antenna corresponding with RF switch is received, and the reception is penetrated
The input of frequency switch be connected to it is one-to-one therewith receive radio-frequency antenna, the output end of the reception RF switch is and institute
The input for stating receiving terminal rf chain is connected.
From unlike traditional AF structures, this example proposition is replaced stupid using this simple analog switch of RF switch
The phase shifter of weight and costliness completes the realization of switch simulation Wave beam forming, and this example is referred to as OABF, that is, described is based on
Switch simulation beamforming system abbreviation OABF, i.e. the On-off Analog Beamforming of forward antenna power constraint.Thing
In reality, the RF switch of in the market has been widely used in wireless transceiver, and they have very attracting category
Property, for example, cheaply, small volume and speed it is fast, hardly consume power, linear bandwidth and high-frequency etc..Particularly, this example with
Maximized by the SNR for controlling the on off state of radio-frequency antenna to cause and receiving according to channel information, SNR is signal to noise ratio.Find radio frequency
The optimal subset of antenna looks like a combinatorial optimization problem, that is, usually said NP-hard (nondeterministic polynomial is asked
Topic).
It is noted that this example solves specifically to switch analog beam shape using orthogonal matching pursuit strategy simultaneously
Into, it appears that its difficulty is with antenna amount exponential increase.But it is true opposite with intuition, it has been found that only linear complexity with
Polynomial complexity determines the on off state of each radio-frequency antenna.Importantly, this example is theoretically proved described in this example
Switch simulation beamforming system (OABF) can realize the diversity gain of complete spatial multiplexing gain and whole, based on being opened described in this example
Close analog beam formation system and the RF switch state of radio frequency switch assembly is controlled to maximize reception noise according to channel information
Compare the step of.The radio-frequency antenna includes transmitting radio-frequency antenna and receives radio-frequency antenna.
Simulation Wave beam forming is switched described in this example substantially different with through the abundant subset antenna selecting plan studied, wherein from
Optimal k antenna is selected in N number of antenna altogether.In traditional day line options, each selected antenna is by a RF chain (or
Individual simulation shift unit) connect to realize coherent combination.Therefore, k is generally determined by the quantity that can use RF chains, and Wave beam forming is imitated
The signal transacting of RF chains (or phase shifter) should be come from.And in simulation beamforming system (OABF) is switched described in this example, own
The radio-frequency antenna of selection is directly connected to a RF chain without any pre-processing device, i.e., do not pass through other RF chains and phase shift
Any pre-processing device such as device, the effect of the switch simulation beamforming system is the radio-frequency antenna letter by selecting a part
Singly realize.
The introduction about the construction of OABF is as follows：In order to compare, three of the prior art are looked back first typically existing many days
The structure of line Wave beam forming, digital beam froming, the analog beam of phase alignment are formed and day line options.
In current most wireless system, overall optimum Wave beam forming is realized in numeric field, each of which
An adjoint rf chain is, in order to be translated into baseband digital signal, to be not only the phase of amplitude and signal behind individual antenna
Also corresponding adjustment is made with the situation of numeric field, its structure chart is as shown in Figure 2；In the communication with high-frequency and bandwidth wide
In, the cost of rf chain, especially price and space cost are more much higher than antenna.
For millimetre-wave attenuator, the gain of the size and antenna of antenna is greatly reduced；When being tieed up in low frequency system
Hold antenna gain, Wave beam forming mode needs substantial amounts of antenna to send be essential.However, substantial amounts of antenna is certain to
Dramatically increase the cost of rf chain in digital beamforming system.Therefore, other Wave beam forming schemes have been suggested section
Rf chain is saved, and maintains antenna gain.
One typical scheme is that analog beam is formed, its operation for meeting the Wave beam forming in analog domain, such as Fig. 3 institutes
Show, in analog beam is formed, each antenna is connected with an analog phase shifter, be so to be penetrated in transmitting terminal
(rf chain can be met before receiving terminal combination in other words) after frequency chain separation and may be constructed the wave beam shape of analog radio-frequency signal
Into coefficient.Due to being constrained by analog phase shifter, as a rule only the phase of each aerial signal is controlled.
Analog phase shifter, especially those phase shifters with wide bandwidth and high-frequency ability, are also very expensive and huge
's；The scheme of more low complex degree/cost is exactly a day line options, and an antenna only is connected into rf chain during selection, such as Fig. 4 institutes
Show, antenna selecting plan can also obtain full diversity gains.But, its array gain is onlyWill than full array gain
Small is more.
In the comparing that analog beam forms with day line options, this example has used signal by all radio frequencies of phase alignment
Antenna, and radio-frequency antenna selection simply uses an antenna without any further signal transacting.In this example, one is employed
The structure of the switch simulation beamforming system of new low complex degree between day line options and analog beam formation is planted, is chosen
The transmitting radio-frequency antenna subset of sending signal need not do any radiofrequency signal treatment, and other antennas are all not connected
, as shown in Figure 1.In this example, the RF switch corresponding to selected radio-frequency antenna remains opening and other
Then be closed mode.Therefore, this example is called the switch simulation beamforming system of forward antenna power constraint, referred to as
OABF。
In OABF, subset and radio frequency with more preferable channel condition and similar phase in N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna are chosen
Chain is connected.If the subset of radix is restricted to 1, OABF and deteriorates to antenna selecting plan as shown in Figure 3.The opposing party
Face, if the simulation coefficient of switch simulation beamforming system is restricted to 0 or 1, it is the OABF described in this example.
This example is equivalent to baseband system model, and a simple system model and corresponding symbol are introduced first at this.For
Without loss of generality, this example considers that emitter has N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna, and has a reception radio-frequency antenna at receiver
Point-to-point transmission system.Expand to multiple situations for receiving radio-frequency antenna also very simple.It is assumed that only one data
Stream, therefore have a rf chain per side.J-th transmission antenna and the channel received between radio-frequency antenna are expressed as hj, it is sent out
Penetrate machine to be predicted completely by the reciprocity of some feedback schemes or channel, therefore be entirely known for emitter.I
It is further assumed that all of hj, 0≤j≤N is the independent same distribution variable for obeying multiple Gauss distribution CN (0,1)；Channel system
Number keeps constant during a packet transmission, and is changed independently between different grouping transmission.The channel pattern is tested
Demonstrate,prove and be used for the indoor mm wave communications scene that wherein portable terminal with omnidirectional antenna is moved with walking speed.
More detailed OABF transmission structures are as shown in figure 5, this example PjRepresent j-th transmit power of antenna；In transmitting
At machine, some transmitting radio-frequency antennas form set T, and for sending and transmitting.Then, the baseband receiving signals y of receiver
For,S.t=1 if hi∈T,else Ii=0.
Wherein, n~CN (0, σ2) represent receiver white Gaussian noise；IiIt is indicator variable, T is transmitting radio-frequency antenna
Set, that is, gather { h1,h2…hN}；By experience, selection optimal set T is combinatorial optimization problem to optimize reception SNR, and
With the exponential complexity on antenna amount.
As shown in figure 5, in the transmitting terminal rf chain, emitter is connected to the input of current divider by power amplifier
End, the output end of the current divider is connected to the transmitting RF switch of the radio frequency switch assembly；In the receiving terminal rf chain,
Receiver is connected to the output end of combiner by low-noise amplifier, and the input of the combiner is connected to the radio frequency and opens
Close the reception RF switch of component.
The antenna of this example each transmitting terminal by emitter total power constraint, i.e., the general power of described emitter evenly distributes
To all transmitting radio-frequency antennas of radio frequency switch assembly, it means that this example does not need the variable gain power of any complexity to amplify
Device.
For Performance comparision, this example Main Analysis realize two kinds of basic asymptotic gain properties that transmission beam is formed：Array increases
Benefit and diversity gain.Array gain is referred in the case of N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna altogether, on input signal-to-noise ratio SNR
The increase of average output SNR；Diversity gain refers to the reduction ratio of the average value of the average bit error rate before decline；Contain
The increase of the input signal-to-noise ratio on average output SNR of N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna is referred to as array gain, declinesOn bit error rate PeAverage attenuation rate.
It is contemplated that the situation that the transmission power of each transmitting radio-frequency antenna is limited by the general power of emitter respectively, because
This, Pt/ K is the transmission power of each transmitting radio-frequency antenna.Then, each transmitting radio-frequency antenna is with its maximized transmitting
Power sends radiofrequency signal, and the baseband receiving signals system model of the receiver isTherefore, connect
Receipts machine receive signal to noise ratio beWherein, Pt/ K is the transmission power for launching radio-frequency antenna；PtFor
The general power of emitter；T is the set for launching radio-frequency antenna；K is the radix of the set T for launching radio-frequency antenna；hjIt is j-th hair
Penetrate radio-frequency antenna and receive the channel coefficients between radio-frequency antenna, hj, 0≤j≤N is to obey multiple Gauss to be distributed CN (0,1)
Independent same distribution variable；X is the base band sending signal of emitter；N~CN (0, σ2) represent receiver white Gaussian noise；It is the signal power of receiver.
By formulaIt can be seen that, maximize signal to noise ratio and be equivalent to maximize | ∑j∈Thj|2.It is worth one
It is mentioned that, this example receives the situation of the independent power constraint of emitter different from the transmission power of each transmitting radio-frequency antenna, this example
Need to find a not only absolute value with big channel coefficients sum, and also need to the set with small radix.
In this example, an optimal and linear complexity algorithm OABF is first introduced, to determine set to maximize noise
SNR.Afterwards, this example proves the full diversity gains and full array gain of OABF by providing the bridge algorithm of suboptimum；It is specific as follows
It is described.
The RF switch shape that simulation beamforming system controls radio frequency switch assembly according to channel information is switched described in this example
State is comprised the following steps with maximizing received signal to noise ratio：
Step S1, according to the channel coefficients of N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna, the orthogonal vertical line of N bars is drawn for this N number of channel coefficients,
The complex plane of N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna composition is divided into common 2N sector；
Step S2, to each sector, determines a correspondence set VK；
Step S3, to first set V1, calculate all channel coefficients sums therein
Step S4, calculates set below wherein all of channel coefficients sum successively
Step S5, to all of fk, select of its maximum absolute value；By the f of maximum absolute valuekCorresponding set
VKAs the set T of transmitting radio-frequency antenna, the radix K of set T is obtained；
Step S6, the element number K of initialization set T*=1, f*=maxi|hi|2, maxiExpression looks for maximum to all of i
Value, set T*Element obtain the h of maximum absolute valuei, wherein, i is the sequence number of channel, f*It is the element number of initialization set T
K*Channel coefficients sum after=1, hiIt is i-th channel coefficients of channel；
Step S7, from the element number K=2 to K of set TS, N, until f/K ＞ f*, then f*=f/K, K*=K, T*=T0, f
It is channel coefficients sum, and then obtains the radix K of the absolute value more than first threshold and set T of channel coefficients sum less than second
The corresponding set T of threshold value*；Wherein, N is antenna total number antenna total number corresponding with the number of transmitting RF switch.
As shown in fig. 6, in step S1 described in this example, depicting N number of channel coefficients hj(j=1；2；…；N two dimension) is put down again
Face, its trunnion axis and the longitudinal axis correspond to real part and imaginary part respectively；Then to each channel coefficients hjDraw it and pass through the orthogonal of origin
Line, obtains 2N sector.In step S2 described in this example, if i-th channel coefficients hiIn sector, the projection of k is positive number, then hi∈
Vk；Otherwise
Step S7 described in this example includes following sub-step：
Step S701, initializes θ=0, and wherein, θ is the argument of all complex channel sums in set to f=0, and f is initialization
Channel coefficients sum afterwards；
Step S702, according to all channel coefficients hiIn the projection in θ directions, to channel coefficients hiIt is ranked up, if after sequence
Channel coefficients be hπj；
Step S703, generates two set T={ hπ1,hπ2,…,hπjAnd TC={ hπK+1,hπK+2,…,hπN}；
Step S704, as the π of θ ＜ 2, ifSo,T0=T；Wherein, T0For initial
The set of the transmitting radio-frequency antenna after change；Calculate
Renewal θ is θ+δ；One minute angle increment, a channel parameter h in correspondence set are calculated by the formulaiIt is changed into channel system
Number hj, for argument θ to be updated to new argument θ+δ；By exchanging channel coefficients hiWith channel coefficients hj；Update set T and collection
Close TC, until circulation terminates.
Next, this example proposes some simulation numerical results to show the property of proposed switch simulation beamforming system
Energy.In simulations, in the total power constraint P of emittert=1 time presentation numerical result.For consistency, shifting is being used
Under the hypothesis of phase device, this example still will wait gain scheme to be referred to as the preferred plan of prior art.
As shown in fig. 7, simulation result provides the reception SNR relative to antenna amount；Switch module wave beam described in this example into
Shape system (OABF) can be realized than optimal side in the prior art in each transmitting radio-frequency antenna under emitter total power constraint
The more preferable SNR of case.In Fig. 7, the Normalized Received SNR that refer to of ordinate refer to Normalized Signal/Noise Ratio；It is horizontal
The Number of Antennas of coordinate refer to the quantity of plural form, increase for represent number of antennas；What OABF referred to
It is switch module beamforming system (OABF) described in this example；Optimal Scheme refer to preferred plan in the prior art；
Antenna Selection refer to a day line options.
As shown in figure 8, simulation result provides achievable speed accordingly, by Fig. 8 it can be seen that, switch module described in this example
, away from less than 1.5 bits, this is about each for beamforming system (OABF) and the in the prior art speed difference between preferred plan
The half of the gap under transmitting radio-frequency antenna power constraint.In Fig. 8, the Achievable Rate of ordinate are referred to up to rate；
The Number of Antennas of abscissa refer to the quantity of plural form, increase for represent number of antennas；OABF refers to
Be switch module beamforming system (OABF) described in this example；Optimal Scheme refer to optimal side in the prior art
Case；Antenna Selection refer to a day line options.
As shown in figure 9, simulation architecture draws preferred plan and the switch module beamforming system in the prior art
(OABF) outage probability, as Fig. 9 is seen, two schemes can realize the full-diversity exponent number of N.For N=3, two
Gap between the scheme of kind is about 1dB, this situation much smaller than each transmitting radio-frequency antenna power constraint.In Fig. 9, ordinate
Outage Pribability refer to outage probability；The SNR (dB) of abscissa refers to signal to noise ratio；OABF, N=1 are referred to
Outage probability simulation curve of the switch module beamforming system (OABF) when radio-frequency antenna number N=1 is launched；
Optimal Scheme, N=1 refer to outage probability simulation curve of the optimal case when radio-frequency antenna number N=1 is launched；
Similarly, OABF, N=2 refer to the switch module beamforming system (OABF) launch radio-frequency antenna number N=2 when
Outage probability simulation curve；Optimal Scheme, N=2 refer to optimal case when launching radio-frequency antenna number N=2
Outage probability simulation curve；OABF, N=3 refer to the switch module beamforming system (OABF) in transmitting radio-frequency antenna
Outage probability simulation curve during number N=3；Optimal Scheme, N=3 refer to optimal case in transmitting radio-frequency antenna
Outage probability simulation curve during number N=3.
That is, this example proposes a kind of new switch simulation beamforming system, i.e. on-off analog beam shaping
(OABF), it realizes beam forming gain using only simple analog switch.In order to determine with the every of given channel information
The state of individual interchanger, this example proposes a kind of more excellent algorithm of preferred plan than prior art, i.e., described switch analog wave
The step of beam shaping system controls the RF switch state of radio frequency switch assembly to maximize received signal to noise ratio according to channel information,
SNR is received to be maximized in the case where each transmitting radio-frequency antenna is by independent power constraint respectively.Using polynomial complexity, this example institute
Stating switch module beamforming system (OABF) can realize full diversity gains and full array gain.More specifically, no matter radio frequency
How are the quantity and SNR of antenna, preferred plan (waiting gain beam forming) and switch module beamforming system described in this example
(OABF) the achievable speed gap between is the constant of 3.3 bit/symbols.
Simulation Beam Forming System is switched described in this example incompatible with other analog beams formation scheme, to constitute new mixing
Fit architecture.Other beamforming systems, such as radar, it would however also be possible to employ switch module beamforming system described in this example
(OABF) reducing system cost.
To sum up, this example is based on channel condition information, and each in multiple transmitting radio-frequency antenna is switched on or disconnects with reality
Existing beam forming, can substantially reduce high cost, power consumption and the volume used in traditional analog beamforming system
Huge analog phase shifter, the present invention realizes switch simulation Wave beam forming gain, Suo Youxuan using only simple analog switch
The radio-frequency antenna selected is directly connected to a corresponding rf chain and is set without any pretreatment such as other rf chains or phase shifter
Standby, the effect of switch simulation beamforming system of the present invention is by selecting the radio-frequency antenna of a part come simply real
It is existing, and the diversity gain of complete spatial multiplexing gain and whole can be realized.
Above content is to combine specific preferred embodiment further description made for the present invention, it is impossible to assert
Specific implementation of the invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention,
On the premise of not departing from present inventive concept, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, should be all considered as belonging to of the invention
Protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of switch by total power constraint simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that including：Transmitting terminal rf chain, penetrate
Frequency switch module and receiving terminal rf chain, the transmitting terminal rf chain are connected with the input of radio frequency switch assembly, described to penetrate
The output end of frequency switch module is connected with the receiving terminal rf chain；Wherein, the radio frequency switch assembly includes N number of penetrating
Frequency switch and N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna corresponding with transmitting RF switch, N is the number for launching radio-frequency antenna, and N takes from so
Number；The radio frequency switch assembly selects a RF switch as RF switch is received, to realize transmitting RF switch and receive
Channel between point-to-point transmission between RF switch, and the transmitting RF switch and reception RF switch has Gauss point
Cloth is independently distributed variable, and the switch simulation beamforming system controls the radio frequency of radio frequency switch assembly to open according to channel information
Off status is maximizing received signal to noise ratio；The transmission power of the transmitting radio-frequency antenna of the radio frequency switch assembly is by the total of emitter
Power constraint, the general power of the emitter is evenly distributed to all transmitting radio-frequency antennas of radio frequency switch assembly.
2. the switch by total power constraint according to claim 1 simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that the N
Output end of the input of individual transmitting RF switch with the transmitting terminal rf chain is connected, each transmitting RF switch
Output end is respectively connecting to an one-to-one transmitting radio-frequency antenna therewith.
3. the switch by total power constraint according to claim 1 and 2 simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that institute
Stating radio frequency switch assembly also includes receiving RF switch and the reception radio-frequency antenna corresponding with RF switch is received, described to connect
The input for receiving RF switch is connected to one-to-one reception radio-frequency antenna therewith, and the output end of the reception RF switch is equal
Input with the receiving terminal rf chain is connected.
4. the switch by total power constraint according to claim 3 simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that the hair
Penetrate in the rf chain of end, emitter is connected to the input of current divider, the output end connection of the current divider by power amplifier
To the transmitting RF switch of the radio frequency switch assembly.
5. the switch by total power constraint according to claim 4 simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that described to connect
In receiving end rf chain, receiver is connected to the output end of combiner by low-noise amplifier, and the input of the combiner connects
It is connected to the reception RF switch of the radio frequency switch assembly.
6. the switch by total power constraint according to claim 5 simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that described to connect
The baseband receiving signals system model of receipts machine isReceiver receive signal to noise ratio beWherein, Pt/ K is the transmission power for launching radio-frequency antenna；PtIt is the general power of emitter；T is
Launch the set of radio-frequency antenna；K is the radix of the set T for launching radio-frequency antenna；hjFor j-th transmitting radio-frequency antenna is penetrated with reception
Channel coefficients between frequency antenna, hj, 0≤j≤N is the independent same distribution variable for obeying multiple Gauss distribution CN (0,1)；X is
The base band sending signal of emitter；N~CN (0, σ2) represent receiver white Gaussian noise；|∑j∈Thj|2It is the signal of receiver
Power.
7. the switch by total power constraint according to claim 6 simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that each
Transmitting radio-frequency antenna sends radiofrequency signal with its maximized transmission power.
8. the switch by total power constraint according to claim 6 simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that described to open
Close analog beam formation system and the RF switch state of radio frequency switch assembly is controlled to maximize reception noise according to channel information
Than comprising the following steps：
Step S1, according to the channel coefficients of N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna, the orthogonal vertical line of N bars is drawn for this N number of channel coefficients, will be N number of
The complex plane of transmitting radio-frequency antenna composition is divided into common 2N sector；
Step S2, to each sector, determines a correspondence set VK；
Step S3, to first set V1, calculate all channel coefficients sums therein
Step S4, calculates set below wherein all of channel coefficients sum successively
Step S5, to all of fk, of its maximum absolute value is selected, by the f of maximum absolute valuekCorresponding set VKMake
To launch the set T of radio-frequency antenna, the radix K of set T is obtained；
Step S6, the element number K of initialization set T*=1, f*=maxi|hi|2, maxiExpression looks for maximum to all of i,
Set T*Element obtain the h of maximum absolute valuei, wherein, i is the sequence number of channel, f*It is the element number K of initialization set T*
Channel coefficients sum after=1, hiIt is i-th channel coefficients of channel；
Step S7, from the element number K=2 to N of set T, until f/K ＞ f*, then f*=f/K, K*=K, T*=T0, f is channel
Coefficient sum, and then the radix K of the absolute value more than first threshold and set T of channel coefficients sum is obtained less than Second Threshold pair
The set T for answering*。
9. the switch by total power constraint according to claim 8 simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that the step
In rapid S1, N number of channel coefficients h is depictedj(j=1；2；…；N two-dimentional complex plane), its trunnion axis and the longitudinal axis correspond to real respectively
Portion and imaginary part；Then to each channel coefficients hjIts cross line by origin is drawn, 2N sector is obtained；The step S2
In, if i-th channel coefficients hiIn sector, the projection of k is positive number, then hi∈Vk；Otherwise
10. the switch by total power constraint according to claim 8 simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that described
Step S7 includes following sub-step：
Step S701, initializes θ=0, and wherein, θ is the argument of all complex channel sums in set to f=0, and f is after initializing
Channel coefficients sum；
Step S702, according to all channel coefficients hiIn the projection in θ directions, to channel coefficients hiIt is ranked up, if the letter after sequence
Road coefficient is hπj；
Step S703, generates two set T={ hπ1,hπ2,…,hπjAnd TC={ hπK+1,hπK+2,…,hπN}；
Step S704, as the π of θ ＜ 2, ifSo,Wherein, T0After initialization
Launch the set of radio-frequency antenna；CalculateMore
New θ is θ+δ；One minute angle increment, a channel parameter h in correspondence set are calculated by the formulaiIt is changed into channel coefficients
hj, for argument θ to be updated to new argument θ+δ；By exchanging channel coefficients hiWith channel coefficients hj；Update set T and set
TC, until circulation terminates.
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| CN109936402A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-25 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | The wireless communication device and its control method for having hybrid beam forming |
| WO2021147279A1 (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2021-07-29 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Radio frequency front-end circuit and electronic device |
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