CN106786816A - Active balancing charging apparatus - Google Patents

Active balancing charging apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106786816A
CN106786816A CN201510801474.0A CN201510801474A CN106786816A CN 106786816 A CN106786816 A CN 106786816A CN 201510801474 A CN201510801474 A CN 201510801474A CN 106786816 A CN106786816 A CN 106786816A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
unit
voltage
battery module
charger
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201510801474.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈莆堦
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Reduce Carbon Energy Develop Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Reduce Carbon Energy Develop Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Reduce Carbon Energy Develop Co Ltd filed Critical Reduce Carbon Energy Develop Co Ltd
Priority to CN201510801474.0A priority Critical patent/CN106786816A/en
Publication of CN106786816A publication Critical patent/CN106786816A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0026
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0036Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using connection detecting circuits
    • H02J7/0091
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B40/00Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of method charged to secondary cell the invention discloses active balancing charging apparatus and using it, secondary cell includes an electricity accumulating unit, battery module of the electricity accumulating unit comprising multiple series connection;Active balancing charging apparatus include a control unit, a charhing unit, a detecting voltage unit and a temperature detecting unit, wherein, control unit is coupled with charhing unit, and detecting voltage unit is coupled with control unit and each battery module, and temperature detecting unit is coupled with control unit;Charhing unit includes one first charger, a first switch, multiple second chargers and multiple second switches, wherein, first charger is coupled with electricity accumulating unit and an external power source, the number of the second charger and second switch is equal with the number of battery module, each second charger is coupled with a battery module and electric power source respectively, each battery module is coupled with one second charger respectively, and each battery module is only charged in the same time by the first charger or one second charger.

Description

Active balancing charging apparatus
Technical field
The present invention relates to the charging device of secondary cell, in details of the words, espespecially a kind of active balance is filled Electric installation and the method charged to secondary cell using the charging device.
Background technology
Secondary cell be it is a kind of can charge/discharge repeatedly battery, secondary cell is largely used as various movable types Device is (for example:Vapour/locomotive, mobile phone etc.) power source.With various wheeled apparatus not Same need for electricity, generates various different sizes (for example:Charge capacity, voltage etc.) secondary cell; , mainly comprising an electricity accumulating unit and a control circuit, electricity accumulating unit is mainly comprising multiple batteries for secondary cell Core battery string in series, each battery string is further connected, and electricity accumulating unit is used to accumulate electric power, Control circuit for electronic circuit, control circuit is electrically connected with electricity accumulating unit, electricity accumulating unit is by control Circuit is electrically connected with the electrical equipment or charging device of outside, so that electricity accumulating unit charge/discharge.
, it is necessary to balance the charging of each battery string when secondary cell is charged, it is to avoid single battery core The battery of string is overcharged, influences the life-span of battery and the security of charging, existing charging dress Put using consumption electric power means or stop the purpose that charging facility reaches each battery string charging balance, its In, consumption electric power means mainly use the balancing circuitry of power consumption form that voltage is reached into default saturation electricity The electric power of the battery string of pressure is consumed, and stopping charging facility is designed using loop, makes voltage The battery string for reaching default saturation voltage stops to charge.
But, the consumption electric power means that existing charging device is used, charging power drain efficiency is poor, Temperature rises during charging causes security low, and, the termination charging facility that existing charging device is used, Long the time required to charging, charge efficiency is low.
The content of the invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to providing a kind of active balancing charging apparatus and using the active The method that formula balancing charging apparatus are charged to secondary cell, by the loop initiated, makes secondary electricity Multiple charging battery modules balance in pond.
The active balancing charging apparatus that the present invention is provided are used to charge secondary cell, secondary cell bag Containing an electricity accumulating unit, battery module of the electricity accumulating unit comprising multiple series connection;
The active balancing charging apparatus include a control unit, a charhing unit, a detecting voltage Unit and a temperature detecting unit, wherein, control unit is electronic circuit, control unit and the list that charges Unit's coupling, for controlling charhing unit, detecting voltage unit to be coupled with control unit and each battery module, Detecting voltage unit is voltage detection circuit, the voltage for detecting each battery module, temperature detecting list Unit and control unit coupling, temperature detecting unit is temperature detection circuit, for detecting electricity accumulating unit Temperature;
Charhing unit includes one first charger, a first switch, multiple second chargers and multiple the Two switches, wherein, the first charger is coupled with electricity accumulating unit and an external power source, for each electricity Pond module is charged, and first switch is coupled with the first charger and electricity accumulating unit, for controlling first Circuit on/off between charger and electricity accumulating unit, control unit control first switch, the second charger And the number of second switch is equal with the number of battery module, each second charger respectively with a battery mould Block and electric power source are coupled, and each battery module is coupled with one second charger respectively, each second switch difference Coupled with one second charger and a battery module, for control each second charger and battery module it Between circuit on/off, control unit controls the charging voltage of each second switch, the first charger output to be V1, the charging voltage of the second charger output is V2, and the quantity of the second charger is n, V1 > n × V2。
Foregoing active balancing charging apparatus, wherein, control unit and a wireless communication unit Connection, wireless communication unit is used for voltage and temperature to the electricity accumulating unit in high in the clouds transmission secondary cell Numerical value.
Secondary cell is filled using foregoing active balancing charging apparatus present invention also offers one kind The method of electricity, comprises the steps of:
Collect battery information:Detecting voltage unit detects the voltage of each battery module, temperature detecting unit Detect the temperature of electricity accumulating unit, voltage and temperature detecting that control unit is detected according to detecting voltage unit The temperature of unit detecting, controls charhing unit;
Early stage equilibrium charging:If at least the voltage of a battery module is less than average voltage level, first switch Remain off, open circuit is formed between the first charger and electricity accumulating unit, voltage is less than average voltage The second switch of the battery module coupling of value switches to conducting state, and other second switches remain open shape State, charhing unit charging battery module only to voltage less than average voltage level;When each battery module Voltage is equal to or during higher than average voltage level, stops early stage equilibrium charging;The average voltage level by The internal impedance value of battery module is determined;
Entirety charges:If the voltage of each battery module is equal to or higher than average voltage level, each second opens Guan Jun is remained off, and first switch switches to conducting state, the first charger and electricity accumulating unit shape Into path, the first charger is to each charging battery module;Satisfy when the voltage of an at least battery module is equal to During with magnitude of voltage, stop all charging;
Later stage equilibrium charging:If at least the voltage of a battery module is equal to saturation voltage value, first switch Disconnect, the first charger forms open circuit with electricity accumulating unit, voltage is equal to the battery module of saturation voltage value The second switch of coupling disconnects, and voltage is cut less than the second switch that the battery module of saturation voltage value is coupled It is changed to conducting state, charhing unit charging battery module only to voltage less than saturation voltage value;When each When battery module voltages are equal to saturation voltage value, each second switch disconnects, and completes secondary cell Charge;
Overtemperature protection:When the temperature of electricity accumulating unit is equal to or more than default safe temperature, first opens Close and second switch is remained off, stop to charge electricity accumulating unit;
Each battery module is only charged in the same time by the first charger or one second charger.
The present invention passes through the first charger to each charging battery module, and in an at least battery module voltages During equal to saturation voltage value, each second charger does not only reach the battery module of saturation voltage value to voltage Charge, each battery module is only charged in the same time by the first charger or one second charger, charges Power drain efficiency high, is difficult the safety issues such as initiation temperature rising during charging, and charging is taken Between it is short.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit box schematic diagram of the active balancing charging apparatus of one embodiment of the invention;
The method that Fig. 2 charges for the active balancing charging apparatus of one embodiment of the invention to secondary cell Flow chart;
Fig. 3 performs the electricity of early stage charge step for the active balancing charging apparatus of one embodiment of the invention Road block schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 performs the electricity of all charge steps for the active balancing charging apparatus of one embodiment of the invention Road block schematic diagram.
Description of reference numerals:1- electricity accumulating units;11- battery modules;2- control units;3- charhing units; The chargers of 31- first;32- first switches;The chargers of 33- second;34- second switches;4- detecting voltages Unit;5- temperature detecting units;9- electric power sources.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 is the circuit box schematic diagram of a kind of active balancing charging apparatus of one embodiment of the invention, Show the state that active balancing charging apparatus are coupled with the electricity accumulating unit 1 of secondary cell, electricity accumulating unit 1 Battery module 11 comprising multiple series connection, battery module 11 is composed in series by multiple batteries, battery mould Block 11 can also be single battery.
The active balancing charging apparatus are detectd comprising a control unit 2, a charhing unit 3, a voltage Survey the temperature detecting unit 5 of unit 4 and, wherein, control unit 2 be electronic circuit, control unit 2 with Charhing unit 3 is coupled, for controlling charhing unit 3, detecting voltage unit 4 and control unit 2 and each electricity Pond module 11 is coupled, and detecting voltage unit 4 is voltage detection circuit, for detecting each battery module 11 Voltage, there is provided control unit 2 controls the foundation of charhing unit 3, temperature detecting unit 5 and control unit 2 couplings, temperature detecting unit 5 is temperature detection circuit, the temperature for detecting electricity accumulating unit 1, there is provided Control unit 2 controls the foundation of charhing unit 3.
Charhing unit 3 includes one first charger 31, a first switch 32, multiple second chargers 33 And multiple second switches 34, wherein, the first charger 31 and the coupling of 1 and one external power source of electricity accumulating unit 9 Connect, for being charged to each battery module 11, electric power source 9 can be to provide the generator or civil power of electric power, First switch 32 is coupled with the first charger 31 and electricity accumulating unit 1, for controlling the first charger 31 and storing Circuit on/off between electric unit 1, and control unit 2 control first switch 32, the second charger 33 and The number of second switch 34 is equal with the number of battery module 11, and each second charger 33 is electric with one respectively Pond module 11 and electric power source 9 are coupled, and each battery module 11 is coupled with one second charger 33 respectively, so that Each second charger 33 is charged to each battery module 11 respectively, and each first switch 34 is filled with one second respectively The battery module 11 of electrical equipment 33 and one is coupled, for switching between each second charger 33 and battery module 11 Circuit on/off, and control unit 2 controls each second switch 34, the charging of the output of the first charger 31 Voltage is V1, and the charging voltage of the output of the second charger 33 is V2, and the quantity of the second charger 33 is n, V1 > n × V2.
When being charged to secondary cell using the active balancing charging apparatus of previous embodiment, first will be main Dynamic formula balancing charging apparatus are coupled with secondary cell and external power source 9, you can filled using active balance Electric installation charges to secondary cell.
As shown in Fig. 2 secondary cell is charged using the active balancing charging apparatus of previous embodiment Method, comprises the steps of:
Collect battery information:Detecting voltage unit 4 detects the voltage of each battery module 11, temperature detecting list Unit 5 detects the temperature of electricity accumulating unit 1, voltage and temperature that control unit 2 is detected according to detecting voltage unit 4 The temperature control charhing unit 3 of the degree detecting of detecting unit 5.
Early stage equilibrium charging:If as shown in figure 3, at least the voltage of a battery module 11 is less than average voltage Value, first switch 32 is remained off, and the first charger 31 forms open circuit, voltage with electricity accumulating unit 1 The second switch 34 coupled less than the battery module 11 of average voltage level switches to conducting state, and other the Two switches 34 are remained off, the battery module 11 only to voltage less than average voltage level of charhing unit 3 Charge;It is equal to when the voltage of each battery module 11 or during higher than average voltage level, stops early stage balance Charge.The average voltage level is determined by the internal impedance value of battery module 11.
Entirety charges:If as shown in figure 4, the voltage of each battery module 11 is equal to or higher than average voltage Value, then each second switch 34 is remained off, and first switch 32 switches to conducting state, first Charger 31 forms path with electricity accumulating unit 1, and the first each battery module 11 of charger 31 pairs charges;When extremely When the voltage of a few battery module 11 is equal to saturation voltage value, stop all charging.
Later stage equilibrium charging:If at least the voltage of a battery module 11 is equal to saturation voltage value, first opens Close 32 to disconnect, the first charger 31 forms open circuit with electricity accumulating unit 1, voltage is equal to the electricity of saturation voltage value The second switch 34 of the coupling of pond module 11 is disconnected, and voltage is coupled less than the battery module 11 of saturation voltage value Second switch 34 switch to conducting state, the battery only to voltage less than saturation voltage value of charhing unit 3 Module 11 charges;When the voltage of each battery module 11 is equal to saturation voltage value, each second switch 34 Disconnect, complete the charging of secondary cell.
Overtemperature protection:When the temperature of electricity accumulating unit 1 is equal to or more than default safe temperature, first opens Pass 32 and second switch 34 are remained off, and termination is charged to electricity accumulating unit 1, it is to avoid secondary cell Damaged because temperature is too high during charging.
Each battery module 11 is only charged in the same time by the first charger 31 or one second charger 33.
The initial stage that secondary cell charges, if at least the voltage of a battery module 11 is less than average voltage level, Early stage equilibrium charging is then carried out, to protect battery module 11, it is to avoid a certain battery mould in electricity accumulating unit 1 The power reservoir capacity reduction of block 11.
If the voltage of each battery module 11 is equal to or more than average voltage level, all chargings are carried out, First charger 31 to electricity accumulating unit 1 in all battery modules 11 charge, each battery module 11 can be quick Charging, if however, active balancing charging apparatus and secondary cell are coupled, collecting battery information When, the voltage of each battery module 11 is equal to or more than average voltage level, then can not perform early stage balance Charge, directly perform all charging.
At least the voltage of a battery module 11 is equal to saturation voltage value, then perform later stage equilibrium charging, profit With output voltage V2 relatively low each second charger 33 respectively to each battery module 11 of not yet full charging Continue to charge.Accordingly, charhing unit 3 can effectively utilize first charger 31 and multiple second is filled 33 pairs of each battery modules 11 of electrical equipment charge, the charging balance of each battery module 11, perform charging institute Balance can be obtained between the volume of elapsed time and charhing unit 3.
The active balancing charging apparatus of another embodiment of the present invention be on the basis of previous embodiment, Control unit is further connected with a wireless communication unit, and wireless communication unit is used for battery supplier High in the clouds management system transmission secondary cell electricity accumulating unit 1 voltage value and Temperature numerical, high in the clouds pipe Reason system can monitor the voltage and temperature of secondary cell, record the charging times, every time of secondary cell The voltage value of charging and charging consumed time, judge whether secondary cell occurs exception accordingly, when When the voltage and temperature anomaly of secondary cell, high in the clouds management system can contact the user couple of secondary cell Secondary cell is repaired or replaced, and when secondary cell completes to charge, high in the clouds management system also can be actively Notify user.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of active balancing charging apparatus, for being charged to secondary cell, secondary cell bag Containing an electricity accumulating unit, battery module of the electricity accumulating unit comprising multiple series connection;It is characterized in that:
The active balancing charging apparatus include a control unit, a charhing unit, a detecting voltage Unit and a temperature detecting unit, wherein, control unit is electronic circuit, control unit and the list that charges Unit's coupling, for controlling charhing unit, detecting voltage unit to be coupled with control unit and each battery module, Detecting voltage unit is voltage detection circuit, the voltage for detecting each battery module, temperature detecting list Unit and control unit coupling, temperature detecting unit is temperature detection circuit, for detecting electricity accumulating unit Temperature;
Charhing unit includes one first charger, a first switch, multiple second chargers and multiple the Two switches, wherein, the first charger is coupled with electricity accumulating unit and an external power source, for each electricity Pond module is charged, and first switch is coupled with the first charger and electricity accumulating unit, for controlling first Circuit on/off between charger and electricity accumulating unit, control unit control first switch, the second charger And the number of second switch is equal with the number of battery module, each second charger respectively with a battery mould Block and electric power source are coupled, and each battery module is coupled with one second charger respectively, each second switch difference Coupled with one second charger and a battery module, for control each second charger and battery module it Between circuit on/off, control unit controls the charging voltage of each second switch, the first charger output to be V1, the charging voltage of the second charger output is V2, and the quantity of the second charger is n, V1 > n × V2。
2. active balancing charging apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that control is single Unit is connected with a wireless communication unit, and wireless communication unit is used for the storage in high in the clouds transmission secondary cell The voltage and Temperature numerical of electric unit.
3. the active balancing charging apparatus described in a kind of usage right requirement 1 fill to secondary cell The method of electricity, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of:
Collect battery information:Detecting voltage unit detects the voltage of each battery module, temperature detecting unit Detect the temperature of electricity accumulating unit, voltage and temperature detecting that control unit is detected according to detecting voltage unit The temperature control charhing unit of unit detecting;
Early stage equilibrium charging:If at least the voltage of a battery module is less than average voltage level, first switch Remain off, open circuit is formed between the first charger and electricity accumulating unit, voltage is less than average voltage The second switch of the battery module coupling of value switches to conducting state, and other second switches remain open shape State, charhing unit charging battery module only to voltage less than average voltage level;When each battery module Voltage is equal to or during higher than average voltage level, stops early stage equilibrium charging;The average voltage level by The internal impedance value of battery module is determined;
Entirety charges:If the voltage of each battery module is equal to or higher than average voltage level, each second opens Guan Jun is remained off, and first switch switches to conducting state, the first charger and electricity accumulating unit shape Into path, the first charger is to each charging battery module;Satisfy when the voltage of an at least battery module is equal to During with magnitude of voltage, stop all charging;
Later stage equilibrium charging:If at least the voltage of a battery module is equal to saturation voltage value, first switch Disconnect, the first charger forms open circuit with electricity accumulating unit, voltage is equal to the battery module of saturation voltage value The second switch of coupling disconnects, and voltage is cut less than the second switch that the battery module of saturation voltage value is coupled It is changed to conducting state, charhing unit charging battery module only to voltage less than saturation voltage value;When each When battery module voltages are equal to saturation voltage value, each second switch disconnects, and completes secondary cell Charge;
Overtemperature protection:When the temperature of electricity accumulating unit is equal to or more than default safe temperature, first opens Close and second switch is remained off, stop to charge electricity accumulating unit;
Each battery module is only charged in the same time by the first charger or one second charger.
CN201510801474.0A 2015-11-19 2015-11-19 Active balancing charging apparatus Pending CN106786816A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107681740A (en) * 2017-11-07 2018-02-09 联华聚能科技股份有限公司 The method of equilibrium cell voltage
CN110571897A (en) * 2018-06-04 2019-12-13 日本影像系统株式会社 Battery charger and battery system

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101867205A (en) * 2010-06-02 2010-10-20 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 Device and method for maintaining lithium ion battery pack
CN102118039A (en) * 2009-12-30 2011-07-06 易维特科技股份有限公司 Balanced charging system, charging module, charger and charging method of battery pack
CN103051034A (en) * 2013-01-24 2013-04-17 河南环宇赛尔新能源科技有限公司 Equalizing charging device and control method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102118039A (en) * 2009-12-30 2011-07-06 易维特科技股份有限公司 Balanced charging system, charging module, charger and charging method of battery pack
CN101867205A (en) * 2010-06-02 2010-10-20 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 Device and method for maintaining lithium ion battery pack
CN103051034A (en) * 2013-01-24 2013-04-17 河南环宇赛尔新能源科技有限公司 Equalizing charging device and control method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107681740A (en) * 2017-11-07 2018-02-09 联华聚能科技股份有限公司 The method of equilibrium cell voltage
CN110571897A (en) * 2018-06-04 2019-12-13 日本影像系统株式会社 Battery charger and battery system

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Application publication date: 20170531