CN106786777A - Simultaneously off-network takes over seamlessly control method to a kind of micro-capacitance sensor based on internal model control - Google Patents

Simultaneously off-network takes over seamlessly control method to a kind of micro-capacitance sensor based on internal model control Download PDF

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CN106786777A
CN106786777A CN201710099260.2A CN201710099260A CN106786777A CN 106786777 A CN106786777 A CN 106786777A CN 201710099260 A CN201710099260 A CN 201710099260A CN 106786777 A CN106786777 A CN 106786777A
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voltage
micro
represent
capacitance sensor
main inverter
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CN106786777B (en
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楼冠男
顾伟
杨权
曹戈
柳伟
陈明
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381Dispersed generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/388Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of micro-capacitance sensor based on internal model control, simultaneously off-network takes over seamlessly control strategy, comprises the steps:Step 10)Microgrid energy manager gathers main operation of power networks information, and the running status according to power network carries out micro-capacitance sensor operator scheme decision-making, and issues operational order to micro-capacitance sensor main inverter;Step 20)When being incorporated into the power networks, main inverter exports rated power using droop control mode, and inverter reference voltage and reference frequency are determined by main power network;During off-grid operation, inverter undertakes the voltage/frequency support of system according to droop control;Step 30)According to inverter output voltage reference instruction and phase angle reference instruction, set up the voltage x current dual-loop controller based on internal model control and improve inverter dynamic performance;Step 40)Based on micro-capacitance sensor operator scheme, the presynchronization control of voltage and phase is carried out, it is to avoid the transient effects of pattern switching.The control strategy can effectively eliminate the transient oscillation that the switching of microgrid operational mode is produced, and smoothness run process effectively improves control stability and dynamic property.

Description

Simultaneously off-network takes over seamlessly control method to a kind of micro-capacitance sensor based on internal model control
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of micro-grid operational control, it particularly relates to a kind of micro-capacitance sensor based on internal model control is simultaneously Off-network takes over seamlessly control method.
Background technology
With traditional energy short supply and the raising to electricity consumption reliability, with the distributed power source of efficient cleaning Based on (distributedgeneration, DG), turn into reference to the micro-capacitance sensor of energy-storage units, load and relative control apparatus A kind of flexible, advanced new power supply mode, is the focus of recent domestic research.Micro- source in microgrid includes photovoltaic, wind Electricity, battery, miniature gas turbine etc., generally by power electronic equipment (such as current transformer) parallel running.For photovoltaic, blower fan Etc. micro- source, its power output size is influenceed larger by weather, peak power or constant power output is typically pressed, referred to as from power supply; The micro- source with energy storage characteristic for battery, fuel cell etc., control relatively flexibly, can both use power limitation control, also may be used As voltage source application, referred to as main power source under island mode.
Microgrid both can be with bulk power grid parallel running, it is also possible to the islet operation under electric network fault, stood alone as local load Power supply, with Supply Security and reliability higher.The primary method of control of microgrid can be attributed to master & slave control and sagging control System.Because master & slave control can easily apply existing commercial inverter, microgrid demonstration project and corresponding research at this stage is still Based on host-guest architecture.It is to rely on a power stability and the larger power supply of capacity to undertake networking power supply (such as energy storage unsteady flow Device), using PQ controls when grid-connected;V/f patterns are worked in isolated island, handling up for active/reactive power is flexibly quickly adjusted, For other DG provide electric voltage frequency support.Therefore, when microgrid is switched between grid-connected/island mode, the control of main inverter Structure processed is also required to adjust accordingly, and how to reduce disturbance of the structure switching of different controllers to dynamic performance, one It has been the difficult point of patten transformation under host-guest architecture since straight.In addition relative to traditional power network, micro-capacitance sensor inertia is small, no matter wind, light etc. A series of disturbances such as the output-power fluctuation of intermittent power supply, load consuming power and model parameter perturbation will cause significantly Momentary fluctuation, how to ensure that DG is quick, accurate responding power demand, load voltage stabilization is kept, to the controlling party of micro-capacitance sensor Method proposes challenge, especially realizes taking over seamlessly for grid-connected/island mode, it has also become the important technology feature of microgrid control. Therefore, micro-capacitance sensor is it is necessary to have a set of effective control system, in active suppression micro-capacitance sensor running supply and demand power disturbance and Control structure disturbs the influence to dynamic performance, influence is controlled in the reasonable scope, or even eliminates disturbance, lifts microgrid Stability, dynamic property, improve the quality of power supply.
The content of the invention
Technical problem:The technical problems to be solved by the invention are:There is provided a kind of micro-capacitance sensor based on internal model control and from Net takes over seamlessly control method, and the control method can avoid micro-capacitance sensor and different inverter controls during off-grid operation pattern switching The loop disturbance that brings of switching, and the internal model control based on disturbance observer can active suppression supply and demand power disturbance, and have Preferable tracking performance and Immunity Performance.
Technical scheme:In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
Simultaneously off-network takes over seamlessly control method to a kind of micro-capacitance sensor based on internal model control, and the control method includes following steps Suddenly:
Step 10) main operation of power networks information is gathered using microgrid energy manager, the operation information choosing according to main power network Micro-capacitance sensor operator scheme is selected, and issues operational order to micro-capacitance sensor main inverter;If main power network normally runs, micro-capacitance sensor is worked in Grid-connect mode;If main grid collapses, micro-capacitance sensor works in off-network pattern;
Step 20) primary inverter power ring uses droop control mode, produces main inverter reference voltage and reference frequency, As shown in formula (1) and formula (2):
winv=wn-m(P-Pn) formula (2)
In formula,Represent the local output voltage reference instruction of main inverter, unit:Kilovolt;vnRepresent main inverter output electricity The rated value of pressure, unit:Kilovolt;N represents the voltage droop characteristic coefficient of distributed power source, unit:Kilovolt/megavar;Q is represented point Cloth power supply reality output reactive power, unit:Megavar;QnRepresent under rated voltage, distributed power source output reactive power, Unit:Megavar;winvRepresent the local angular frequency reference instruction of main inverter, wnRepresent main inverter angular frequency rated value, unit: Radian per second;M represents the frequency droop characteristic coefficient of distributed power source, unit:Radian per second megawatt;P represents distributed power source Reality output active power, unit:Megawatt;PnRepresent under specified angular frequency, distributed power source active power of output, unit: Megawatt;
Step 30) collection micro-capacitance sensor service data, the internal model control based on disturbance observer is applied to voltage x current double Ring controller, improves control system robustness and tracking performance;
Step 40) according to micro-capacitance sensor operational mode, carry out the control of voltage and phase:Micro-capacitance sensor is switched to by grid-connect mode During off-network pattern, last moment operating value is kept, it is to avoid transient disturbance;When micro-capacitance sensor is by off-network pattern switching to grid-connect mode, Presynchronization operation is carried out, deviation is decreased in allowed band.
As preference, described step 30) include:Outer voltage adoption rate integral controller, as shown in formula (3):
In formula,Represent under dq reference frames, electric current loop reference settings valueD axle components, unit:Kilo-ampere;kupTable Show ratio term coefficient, k in voltage ratio integral controlleruiIntegral item coefficient in voltage ratio integral controller is represented, 1/s is represented Integral action;Represent under dq reference frames,D axle components, vodRepresent under dq reference frames, main inverter Output voltage voD axle components, CfRepresent capacitor value, unit in the LC wave filters that inverter terminal is connected:Farad; Represent under dq reference frames, main inverter output voltage voQ axle components, unit:Kilovolt;Represent in dq reference coordinates Under system, electric current loop reference settings valueQ axle components, unit:Kilo-ampere;Represent under dq reference frames,Q axles point Amount, unit:Kilovolt;Dq reference frames refer to the DC rotation coordinate system that abc exchange coordinate systems are obtained by Park Transformation;
Current inner loop adoption rate controller, as shown in formula (4):
In formula, vidRepresent under dq reference frames, the d axles point of the modulation wave voltage of main inverter current controller output Amount, viqRepresent under dq reference frames, the q axle components of the modulation wave voltage of main inverter current controller output, unit:Thousand Volt;kipRepresent ratio term coefficient, i in current ratio controlleridRepresent under dq reference frames, main inverter output current The d axle components of value, iiqRepresent under dq reference frames, the q axle components of main inverter output current value, unit:Kilo-ampere;LfTable Show inductance value, unit in the LC wave filters that inverter terminal is connected:Henry;
According to formula (3) and formula (4), voltage x current bicyclic model is set up as the generalized controlled object, as shown in formula (5):
In formula, G (s) represents the generalized controlled object, kpwmRepresent main inverter voltage gain, RfRepresent filtering in wave filter Resistance, s expression differential;
Shown in internal mode controller feedforward term such as formula (6), shown in disturbance observer feedforward term such as formula (7):
In formula, f (s) represents the low pass filter of internal model control feedforward term, GnS () represents the nominal mould of the generalized controlled object Type;λ represents the time constant filter of f (s), unit:Second;Represent LfNominal value;Represent CfNominal value;Represent Rf Nominal value;Q (s) represents the low pass filter of disturbance observer feedforward term, TfRepresent the time constant filter of Q (s), unit: Second;
Internal model control feedforward term correspondence control system tracking performance, by feedforward compensation by input and output transmission function unit Change, improve setting value tracking performance;Disturbance observer feedforward term correspondence control system Immunity Performance, the operation of real-time estimation micro-capacitance sensor Equivalent power disturbance under operating mode, and by feedforward compensation in electric current loop setting value, system robustness is improved, will be based on disturbance observation The internal model control of device is applied to voltage x current ring, improves control system dynamic property.
As preference, described step 30) in, the local output voltage reference instruction of main inverterIt is defeated with main inverter Go out voltage voDifference by outer voltage eliminate.
As preference, described step 30) in, disturbance observer feedforward term real-time estimation micro-capacitance sensor operating condition is inferior Effect power disturbance, the disturbance includes that the disturbance of distributed power source power output, load consuming power disturbance and model parameter are taken the photograph It is dynamic.
As preference, described step 40) specifically include:Phase is locked to line voltage first, grid side phase angle theta is gatheredg With main inverter phase angle thetainvIt is compared, amount of frequency compensation Δ w is obtained by integral actionc, by amount of frequency compensation Δ wcCompensation In the local angular frequency reference instruction w of main inverterinvIn;To ensure that microgrid side frequency and phase angle follow grid side rated value simultaneously, Both sides phase angle coincidence status certain hour need to be maintained, when setting time is met, frequency presynchronization is completed;It is pre- for amplitude same Step, collection main inverter output voltage voWith grid side rated voltage vgIt is compared, voltage compensation quantity is obtained by integral action Δvc, voltage compensation quantity is compensated in the local output voltage reference instruction of main inverterIn;When microgrid side and the phase angle of grid side Deviation and voltage magnitude deviation are decreased in allowed band simultaneously, and presynchronization process is completed, and are carried out and net operation.
Beneficial effect:Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:In grid-connect mode and off-network pattern Under, primary inverter power ring all produces Voltage loop reference value and frequency reference using droop control, it is to avoid in conventional algorithm The control loop switching that mode transition procedure causes, to realize that seamlessly transitting for microgrid mode of operation lays the foundation;Will be based on disturbing The internal model control of observer is applied to voltage x current double -loop control structure, can not only supply and demand power is not effectively in bucking-out system The influence of balance simultaneously improves the robustness perturbed to model parameter, while optimal control loop tracks performance, further improves mould The dynamic quality of formula handoff procedure.The control method is realized simply, Linear Control structure simply being increased on traditional scheme, is applicable In the inverter algorithm using realizations such as digital signal processor DSPs, with preferable actual promotional value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 (a) is voltage droop control structure chart in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 (b) is frequency droop control structure chart in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the voltage x current double -loop control structure chart based on internal model control in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 (a) is phase presynchronization control block diagram in micro-capacitance sensor transient process in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 (b) is voltage presynchronization control block diagram in micro-capacitance sensor transient process in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the micro-capacitance sensor analogue system figure of middle use in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 (a) is grid-connected in the embodiment of the present invention to turn island mode main inverter output voltage simulation result;
Fig. 6 (b) is grid-connected in the embodiment of the present invention to turn island mode main inverter output current simulation result;
Fig. 7 (a) is to turn island mode main inverter output voltage simulation result using grid-connected without internal model control of tradition;
Fig. 7 (b) is to turn island mode main inverter output current simulation result using grid-connected without internal model control of tradition;
Fig. 8 (a) is island mode main inverter output voltage simulation result in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 (b) is island mode main inverter output current simulation result in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 (c) is island mode micro-capacitance sensor angular frequency simulation result in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and case study on implementation The present invention is in depth described in detail.It should be appreciated that specific implementation case described herein is only used to explain this hair It is bright, it is not used to limit invention.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of micro-capacitance sensor based on internal model control of the embodiment of the present invention and off-network take over seamlessly controlling party Method, comprises the steps:
Step 10) main operation of power networks information is gathered using microgrid energy manager, the operation information choosing according to main power network Micro-capacitance sensor operator scheme is selected, and issues operational order to micro-capacitance sensor main inverter.If main power network normally runs, micro-capacitance sensor is worked in Grid-connect mode;If main grid collapses, micro-capacitance sensor works in off-network pattern.
Step 20) primary inverter power ring uses droop control mode, produces main inverter reference voltage and reference frequency, As shown in formula (1) and formula (2):
winv=wn-m(P-Pn) formula (2)
In formula,Represent the local output voltage reference instruction of main inverter, unit:Kilovolt;vnRepresent main inverter output electricity The rated value of pressure, unit:Kilovolt;N represents the voltage droop characteristic coefficient of distributed power source, unit:Kilovolt/megavar;Q is represented point Cloth power supply reality output reactive power, unit:Megavar;QnRepresent under rated voltage, distributed power source output reactive power, Unit:Megavar;winvRepresent the local angular frequency reference instruction of main inverter, wnRepresent main inverter angular frequency rated value, unit: Radian per second;M represents the frequency droop characteristic coefficient of distributed power source, unit:Radian per second megawatt;P represents distributed power source Reality output active power, unit:Megawatt;PnRepresent under specified angular frequency, distributed power source active power of output, unit: Megawatt.
In practice, vnAnd wnIt is taken as grid side rated value.When micro-grid connection is run, the local output voltage ginseng of main inverter Examine instructionWith angular frequency reference instruction winvClamped down on by bulk power grid, active power of output Pn, reactive power Qn.Micro-capacitance sensor off-network is transported During row, main inverter is supported as the voltage/frequency that main power source undertakes system, maintains power-balance.
Step 30) collection micro-capacitance sensor service data, the internal model control based on disturbance observer is applied to voltage x current double Ring controller, improves control system robustness and tracking performance.
Specifically, step 30) include:Outer voltage adoption rate integral controller, as shown in formula (3):
In formula,Represent under dq reference frames, electric current loop reference settings valueD axle components, unit:Kilo-ampere;kup Represent ratio term coefficient, k in voltage ratio integral controlleruiRepresent integral item coefficient, 1/s tables in voltage ratio integral controller Show integral action;Represent under dq reference frames,D axle components, vodRepresent under dq reference frames, main inversion Device output voltage voD axle components, CfRepresent capacitor value, unit in the LC wave filters that inverter terminal is connected:Farad;Represent under dq reference frames, main inverter output voltage voQ axle components, unit:Kilovolt;Represent in dq with reference to seat Under mark system, electric current loop reference settings valueQ axle components, unit:Kilo-ampere;Represent under dq reference frames,Q axles point Amount, unit:Kilovolt;Dq reference frames refer to the DC rotation coordinate system that abc exchange coordinate systems are obtained by Park Transformation;
Current inner loop adoption rate controller, as shown in formula (4):
In formula, vidRepresent under dq reference frames, the d axles point of the modulation wave voltage of main inverter current controller output Amount, viqRepresent under dq reference frames, the q axle components of the modulation wave voltage of main inverter current controller output, unit:Thousand Volt;kipRepresent ratio term coefficient, i in current ratio controlleridRepresent under dq reference frames, main inverter output current The d axle components of value, iiqRepresent under dq reference frames, the q axle components of main inverter output current value, unit:Kilo-ampere;LfTable Show inductance value, unit in the LC wave filters that inverter terminal is connected:Henry;
According to formula (3) and formula (4), voltage x current bicyclic model is set up as the generalized controlled object, as shown in formula (5):
In formula, G (s) represents the generalized controlled object, kpwmRepresent main inverter voltage gain, RfRepresent filtering in wave filter Resistance, s expression differential;
Shown in internal mode controller feedforward term such as formula (6), shown in disturbance observer feedforward term such as formula (7):
In formula, f (s) represents the low pass filter of internal model control feedforward term, GnS () represents the nominal mould of the generalized controlled object Type;λ represents the time constant filter of f (s), unit:Second;Represent LfNominal value;Represent CfNominal value;Represent Rf Nominal value;Q (s) represents the low pass filter of disturbance observer feedforward term, TfRepresent the time constant filter of Q (s), unit: Second;
Internal model control feedforward term correspondence control system tracking performance, by feedforward compensation by input and output transmission function unit Change, improve setting value tracking performance;Disturbance observer feedforward term correspondence control system Immunity Performance, the operation of real-time estimation micro-capacitance sensor Equivalent power disturbance under operating mode, and by feedforward compensation in electric current loop setting value, system robustness is improved, will be based on disturbance observation The internal model control of device is applied to voltage x current ring, improves control system dynamic property.
Preferably, described step 30) in, to improve current inner loop response speed, the control of current inner loop adoption rate Device, the local output voltage reference instruction of main inverterWith main inverter output voltage voDifference by outer voltage eliminate.
Step 30) in, equivalent power disturbance under disturbance observer feedforward term real-time estimation micro-capacitance sensor operating condition is described to disturb It is dynamic to include the disturbance of distributed power source power output, load consuming power disturbance and model parameter perturbation.
Step 30) in, the design focal point of internal mode controller feedforward term and disturbance observer feedforward term is respectively filtering time Constant λ and Tf.In actual debugging process, model indifference is assumed initially that, debugging λ makes controller tracking performance optimal;Add Disturbance observer feedforward term, debugs TfRaising system Immunity Performance.
Step 40) according to micro-capacitance sensor operational mode, carry out the control of voltage and phase:Micro-capacitance sensor is switched to by grid-connect mode During off-network pattern, last moment operating value is kept, it is to avoid transient disturbance;When micro-capacitance sensor is by off-network pattern switching to grid-connect mode, Presynchronization operation is carried out, deviation is decreased in allowed band.Described step 40) specifically include:Line voltage is locked first Phase.Second order improper integral is preferably used in the present embodiment and extracts positive-sequence component, unbalanced load etc. can be avoided to influence.Collection electricity Net side phase angle thetagWith main inverter phase angle thetainvIt is compared, amount of frequency compensation Δ w is obtained by integral actionc, by frequency compensation Amount Δ wcCompensate in the local angular frequency reference instruction w of main inverterinvIn;To ensure that microgrid side frequency and phase angle follow electricity simultaneously Net side rated value, need to maintain both sides phase angle coincidence status certain hour, and when setting time is met, frequency presynchronization is completed;It is right In amplitude presynchronization, collection main inverter output voltage voWith grid side rated voltage vgIt is compared, is obtained by integral action Voltage compensation quantity Δ vc, voltage compensation quantity is compensated in the local output voltage reference instruction of main inverterIn;When microgrid side and electricity The phase angular displacement of net side and voltage magnitude deviation are decreased in allowed band simultaneously, and presynchronization process is completed, and are carried out and net operation.
By above step, form the micro-capacitance sensor based on internal model control and take over seamlessly control method.Micro-capacitance sensor off-network/ Under grid-connect mode, power ring uses droop control, it is to avoid the control loop that different operational mode switchings cause switches;Will be based on disturbing The internal model control of observer is applied to voltage x current ring, realizes the active suppression of power disturbance influence in micro-capacitance sensor operating process The improvement of system and setting value tracking performance, improves the stability of a system and dynamic property.It is smooth compared to other micro-capacitance sensors to cut Method is changed, this control method inhibits control structure to disturb and power disturbance simultaneously.
Shown in micro-capacitance sensor voltage droop control block diagram such as 2 (a) in the embodiment of the present invention, frequency droop control block diagram is as schemed Shown in 2 (b).Voltage droop control obtains Voltage Reference by the relation between main inverter output reactive power and output voltage Value.Frequency droop control obtains inverter reference frequency by the relation between main inverter active power of output and frequency, enters And obtain inverter phase angle.
The voltage x current double -loop control block diagram based on internal model control in the embodiment of the present invention as indicated at 3, the control block diagram Mainly include three parts, a part is basic voltage x current dual-loop controller, and a part is disturbance observer feedforward term, finally A part is internal mode controller feedforward term.The bicyclic middle current inner loop adoption rate controller of voltage x current, loop error is by voltage Controller is eliminated.Disturbance observer goes out equivalent power by comparing electric current loop setting value and inverter output voltage, real-time estimation Disturbance, and feedforward compensation is in current setting value.Internal mode controller feedforward term is passed input and output by setting value feedforward compensation Delivery function is unitization, improves tracking performance.By above-mentioned effect, feedback channel is complementary to one another with feedforward path, meets two certainly By degree design criteria, tracking performance improvement synchronous with Immunity Performance in micro-capacitance sensor operating process is realized, improve system and move State quality.
Shown in phase angle presynchronization control block diagram such as 4 (a) in the embodiment of the present invention, link is extracted by grid phase and is based on Second order improper integral extracts grid side dq conversion fixed phases, is that micro-grid connection operation or presynchronization operating process provide phase Angle refers to;When presynchronization instruction triggers presynchronization module, passing ratio integration adjustment inverter side angular frequency makes inverter side Phase angle synchronously follows grid side phase angle.Shown in voltage magnitude presynchronization control block diagram such as 4 (b) in the embodiment of the present invention, pass through Proportional integral adjustment inverter output voltage follows grid side voltage magnitude.When micro-capacitance sensor side and grid side phase angle difference, voltage amplitude Value difference issues grid-connected instruction when being both less than threshold values, effectively realize the seamless switching of off-network to grid-connect mode.
One embodiment is enumerated below.
Analogue system as shown in figure 5, by energy manager, static switch STS, main inverter (energy-storage units) and it is some from Inverter (photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter/wind-powered electricity generation inverter) and power load etc. are constituted.Energy manager gathers grid side signal, determines Micro-capacitance sensor operational mode.Under different operational modes, wind-powered electricity generation inverter, photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter are in PQ control models, therefore micro- electricity Net operation operation it is important that main inverter control method.Under normal circumstances, micro-grid connection operation, STS closures.Micro-capacitance sensor side Voltage, frequency are decided by grid side, and main inverter exports rated active power and reactive power according to the droop control of setting.When Main electric network fault, system enters off-network pattern, and STS disconnects, and main inverter provides microgrid frequency, voltage branch according to droop control Support.Micro-capacitance sensor models are emulated based on MATLAB/Simulink platform buildings, respectively to micro-capacitance sensor and off-network pattern switching and isolated island There is loading or emulated situations such as off-load in micro-capacitance sensor, compare the grid control method of the embodiment of the present invention with it is traditional The difference of grid control method.Traditional and off-network control method is to follow current controller controlled quentity controlled variable in switching moment Previous controller controlled quentity controlled variable, only includes basic voltage x current ring feedback passage, without setting value internal model control feedforward term With load current disturbance observation feedforward path.
Fig. 6 is that micro-capacitance sensor turns isolated island simulation result using the micro-grid connection of control method of the present invention.Relative to planned Isolated island, unplanned isolated island realizes taking over seamlessly that difficulty is higher, when especially having larger power transmission at interconnection.Master during beginning Invertor operation in grid-connect mode, due to rated active power P in droop controlnAnd reactive power QnBe zero, then inverter zero power Rate is exported, and bearing power is all supplied by power network;During 0.2s, electric network fault causes microgrid to enter island mode, and bearing power is complete Portion is supplied by micro-capacitance sensor, and the supply of grid side power is zero.Fig. 6 (a) gives micro-capacitance sensor by grid-connected to islet operation pattern switching During main inverter output voltage waveforms, abscissa represents time, unit:Second, ordinate represents output voltage, unit:Volt. As shown in Fig. 6 (a), initial output voltage is consistent with grid side rated value, into isolated island after reduction, but instantaneous process is very short, two There is not vibration in individual cycle regulation stabilization, three-phase voltage.Fig. 6 (b) gives micro-capacitance sensor by grid-connected to islet operation pattern switching During main inverter output current wave, abscissa represents time, unit:Second, ordinate represents output current, unit:Peace. As shown in Fig. 6 (b), because the sagging specified power setting of main inverter is 0, initial microgrid side main inverter electric current is output as zero, Output current quickly increases after into island mode, and three-phase does not occur vibration.From Fig. 6 (a), Fig. 6 (b), using this Control method can realize the seamless switching of grid-connected/islet operation pattern, and process is smooth, switching time is short, and this is due to switching Process the whole series control loop is consistent, the switching of non-generator controller, and the internal mode controller feedforward term that newly increases and disturbance Observation feedforward term is able to estimate in advance and compensating disturbance that raising system tracking performance and Immunity Performance improve system and move Step response.
In order to show the advantage of micro-capacitance sensor operation control strategy in the embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 7 is using conventional control strategy Micro-capacitance sensor simulation result.Main inverter runs on grid-connect mode during beginning, due to rated active power P in droop controlnWith Reactive power QnIt is zero, then inverter zero energy output, bearing power is all supplied by power network;During 0.2s, electric network fault causes Microgrid enters island mode, and bearing power is all supplied by micro-capacitance sensor, and the supply of grid side power is zero.Fig. 7 (a) gives micro- electricity Net represents time, unit by main inverter output voltage waveforms in the grid-connected mode handover procedure to islet operation, abscissa:Second, Ordinate represents output voltage, unit:Volt.As shown in Fig. 7 (a), initial output voltage is consistent with grid side rated value, into orphan Reduced behind island, it is necessary to eight or nine cycles could be stablized.Fig. 7 (b) gives micro-capacitance sensor by grid-connected to islet operation pattern switching mistake Main inverter output current wave in journey, abscissa represents time, unit:Second, ordinate represents output current, unit:Peace.Such as Shown in Fig. 7 (b), because the sagging specified power setting of main inverter is 0, initial microgrid side main inverter electric current is output as zero, enters Entering output current after island mode increases, and the initial stage occurs in that certain distortion and vibration occurs in transient process, though this be due to Right state follow can necessarily gentle running, but the control loop generator controller switching in pattern conversion process causes control There is vibration in process processed.And due to the compensating action using pursuit gain feedforward term and disturbance feedforward in the embodiment of the present invention, such as Can realize that running takes over seamlessly shown in Fig. 6 (a), 6 (b).
Fig. 8 carries out the simulation result that plus-minus carries operation under showing micro-capacitance sensor island mode using the inventive method.System Isolated island idle mode being run on first, load being put into during 0.2s, load is cut off during 0.4s.Fig. 8 (a) gives micro-capacitance sensor main inversion Device output voltage waveforms, abscissa represents time, unit:Second, ordinate represents output voltage, unit:Volt.Fig. 8 (b) gives Micro-capacitance sensor main inverter output current wave, abscissa represents time, unit:Second, ordinate represents output current, unit:Peace. Fig. 8 (c) gives micro-capacitance sensor main inverter angular frequency waveform, and abscissa represents time, unit:Second, ordinate represents output electricity Stream, unit:Radian per second.As seen from the figure, when loading operation under island mode, output voltage is somewhat reduced, output current increases For load provides power, only there is very small shake, quickly into steady-state value;Now according to the sagging coefficient system of setting Frequency reduction 0.5Hz (i.e. angular frequency reduction π rad, about 311rad), meets droop characteristic.It is defeated when then carrying out off-load operation Go out voltage to recover to rated value in one or two cycle, and electric current recovers to zero output, and 100 π are back to angular frequency liter.This control Method processed has good dynamic regulation performance to micro-capacitance sensor under island mode.
The control method of the embodiment of the present invention be based on internal model control micro-capacitance sensor and off-network takes over seamlessly control method.Pin Different controller switchings under supply and demand power power disturbance, especially different operation modes present in micro-capacitance sensor running are drawn The structural perturbation for rising.This control method uses droop control in power ring, it is to avoid different controller switchings.Additionally, using bag The improvement voltage x current twin nuclei of feedforward term containing internal model control and disturbance observation feedforward term, improve control system Immunity Performance and Tracking performance, realizes and off-network seamless switching, has smoothed dynamic process, effectively improves the dynamic property and electric energy matter of micro-capacitance sensor Amount.
The basic principles, principal features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.Those skilled in the art should Understand, the present invention do not limited by above-mentioned specific embodiment, the description in above-mentioned specific embodiment and specification be intended merely into One step illustrates principle of the invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also have various change and Improve, these changes and improvements all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The scope of protection of present invention will by right Ask book and its equivalent thereof.

Claims (5)

1. simultaneously off-network takes over seamlessly control method to a kind of micro-capacitance sensor based on internal model control, it is characterised in that the control method bag Include following step:
Step 10) main operation of power networks information is gathered using microgrid energy manager, the operation information selection according to main power network is micro- Electric grid operating pattern, and issue operational order to micro-capacitance sensor main inverter;If main power network normally runs, micro-capacitance sensor works in grid-connected Pattern;If main grid collapses, micro-capacitance sensor works in off-network pattern;
Step 20) primary inverter power ring uses droop control mode, main inverter reference voltage and reference frequency is produced, such as formula (1) and shown in formula (2):
winv=wn-m(P-Pn) formula (2)
In formula,Represent the local output voltage reference instruction of main inverter, unit:Kilovolt;vnRepresent main inverter output voltage Rated value, unit:Kilovolt;N represents the voltage droop characteristic coefficient of distributed power source, unit:Kilovolt/megavar;Q represents distributed Power supply reality output reactive power, unit:Megavar;QnRepresent under rated voltage, distributed power source output reactive power, it is single Position:Megavar;winvRepresent the local angular frequency reference instruction of main inverter, wnRepresent main inverter angular frequency rated value, unit:Arc Degrees second;M represents the frequency droop characteristic coefficient of distributed power source, unit:Radian per second megawatt;P represents distributed power source reality Border active power of output, unit:Megawatt;PnRepresent under specified angular frequency, distributed power source active power of output, unit:Million Watt;
Step 30) collection micro-capacitance sensor service data, the internal model control based on disturbance observer is applied to the bicyclic control of voltage x current Device processed, improves control system robustness and tracking performance;
Step 40) according to micro-capacitance sensor operational mode, carry out the control of voltage and phase:Micro-capacitance sensor switches to off-network by grid-connect mode During pattern, last moment operating value is kept, it is to avoid transient disturbance;When micro-capacitance sensor is by off-network pattern switching to grid-connect mode, carry out Presynchronization is operated, and deviation is decreased in allowed band.
2. control method is taken over seamlessly according to the micro-capacitance sensor based on internal model control described in claim 1 and off-network, its feature exists In described step 30) include:Outer voltage adoption rate integral controller, as shown in formula (3):
In formula,Represent under dq reference frames, electric current loop reference settings valueD axle components, unit:Kilo-ampere;kupRepresent electricity Ratio term coefficient, k in pressure pi controlleruiIntegral item coefficient in voltage ratio integral controller is represented, 1/s represents integration Effect;Represent under dq reference frames,D axle components, vodRepresent under dq reference frames, main inverter output Voltage voD axle components, CfRepresent capacitor value, unit in the LC wave filters that inverter terminal is connected:Farad;Represent Under dq reference frames, main inverter output voltage voQ axle components, unit:Kilovolt;Represent under dq reference frames, Electric current loop reference settings valueQ axle components, unit:Kilo-ampere;Represent under dq reference frames,Q axle components, it is single Position:Kilovolt;Dq reference frames refer to the DC rotation coordinate system that abc exchange coordinate systems are obtained by Park Transformation;
Current inner loop adoption rate controller, as shown in formula (4):
In formula, vidRepresent under dq reference frames, the d axle components of the modulation wave voltage of main inverter current controller output, viqRepresent under dq reference frames, the q axle components of the modulation wave voltage of main inverter current controller output, unit:Kilovolt; kipRepresent ratio term coefficient, i in current ratio controlleridRepresent under dq reference frames, main inverter output current value D axle components, iiqRepresent under dq reference frames, the q axle components of main inverter output current value, unit:Kilo-ampere;LfRepresent inverse Become inductance value, unit in the LC wave filters that device terminal is connected:Henry;
According to formula (3) and formula (4), voltage x current bicyclic model is set up as the generalized controlled object, as shown in formula (5):
In formula, G (s) represents the generalized controlled object, kpwmRepresent main inverter voltage gain, RfRepresent filter resistance, s in wave filter Represent differential;
Shown in internal mode controller feedforward term such as formula (6), shown in disturbance observer feedforward term such as formula (7):
In formula, f (s) represents the low pass filter of internal model control feedforward term, GnS () represents the nominal model of the generalized controlled object;λ Represent the time constant filter of f (s), unit:Second;Represent LfNominal value;Represent CfNominal value;Represent RfMark Title value;Q (s) represents the low pass filter of disturbance observer feedforward term, TfRepresent the time constant filter of Q (s), unit:Second;
Internal model control feedforward term correspondence control system tracking performance, it is by feedforward compensation that input and output transmission function is unitization, Improve setting value tracking performance;Disturbance observer feedforward term correspondence control system Immunity Performance, real-time estimation micro-capacitance sensor operation work Equivalent power disturbance under condition, and by feedforward compensation in electric current loop setting value, system robustness is improved, will be based on disturbance observer Internal model control be applied to voltage x current ring, improve control system dynamic property.
3. control method is taken over seamlessly according to the micro-capacitance sensor based on internal model control described in claim 1 and off-network, its feature exists In described step 30) in, the local output voltage reference instruction of main inverterWith main inverter output voltage voDifference by Outer voltage is eliminated.
4. control method is taken over seamlessly according to the micro-capacitance sensor based on internal model control described in claim 1 and off-network, its feature exists In described step 30) in, equivalent power disturbance under disturbance observer feedforward term real-time estimation micro-capacitance sensor operating condition is described Disturbance includes the disturbance of distributed power source power output, load consuming power disturbance and model parameter perturbation.
5. control method is taken over seamlessly according to the micro-capacitance sensor based on internal model control described in claim 1 and off-network, its feature exists In described step 40) specifically include:Phase is locked to line voltage first, grid side phase angle theta is gatheredgWith main inverter phase angle thetainv It is compared, amount of frequency compensation Δ w is obtained by integral actionc, by amount of frequency compensation Δ wcCompensate in the local angular frequency of main inverter Rate reference instruction winvIn;To ensure that microgrid side frequency and phase angle follow grid side rated value simultaneously, both sides phase angle need to be maintained to overlap State certain hour, when setting time is met, frequency presynchronization is completed;For amplitude presynchronization, collection main inverter output Voltage voWith grid side rated voltage vgIt is compared, voltage compensation quantity Δ v is obtained by integral actionc, voltage compensation quantity is mended Repay in the local output voltage reference instruction of main inverterIn;Phase angular displacement and voltage magnitude deviation when microgrid side and grid side It is decreased in allowed band simultaneously, presynchronization process is completed, carries out and net operation.
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