CN106785836A - A kind of fiber amplifier for suppressing optical fiber laser output intensity noise - Google Patents
A kind of fiber amplifier for suppressing optical fiber laser output intensity noise Download PDFInfo
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
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Abstract
一种抑制光纤激光器输出强度噪声的光纤放大器，包括第一和第二1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器、980nm激光二极管、980/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器、掺Er光纤、1480nm激光二极管、保偏光纤滤波器、1:99保偏光纤耦合器、可调光纤衰减器、光电探测器、反馈控制器、激光二极管驱动器。两个激光二极管输出的泵浦光注入掺Er光纤，形成激光增益，放大激光功率；在光纤放大器中加入了1480nm泵浦波长，可将部分Er离子从基态能级直接泵浦到激光上能级，实现对放大器增益的宽带控制；采用对激光强度噪声的反馈控制环路，即可实现对驰豫振荡频率附近及低频噪声的有效抑制。
A fiber amplifier for suppressing output intensity noise of a fiber laser, comprising first and second 1480/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber-optic isolation wavelength-division multiplexers, 980nm laser diodes, 980/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber-optic isolation wavelength-division multiplexers, Er-doped Optical fiber, 1480nm laser diode, polarization maintaining fiber filter, 1:99 polarization maintaining fiber coupler, adjustable fiber attenuator, photodetector, feedback controller, laser diode driver. The pump light output by the two laser diodes is injected into the Er-doped fiber to form laser gain and amplify the laser power; a 1480nm pump wavelength is added to the fiber amplifier to directly pump some Er ions from the ground state energy level to the upper laser energy level , realizing broadband control of the amplifier gain; adopting the feedback control loop of laser intensity noise, the effective suppression of the noise near the relaxation oscillation frequency and low frequency can be realized.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及光电子技术领域中的光纤放大器，具体涉及一种抑制光纤激光器输出强度噪声的光纤放大器。The invention relates to an optical fiber amplifier in the field of optoelectronic technology, in particular to an optical fiber amplifier capable of suppressing output intensity noise of an optical fiber laser.
背景技术Background technique
低噪声、单频、窄线宽的C波段(波长为1528.77nm～1560.61nm)激光源在高速激光通信、相干激光探测和微波光子学等领域具有广泛的应用。这类光源主要包括半导体激光器和掺Er光纤激光器。与半导体激光器相比，掺Er光纤激光器的线宽更窄，可达到1kHz以内，而自由运转的半导体激光器的线宽通常为100kHz以上。但是，掺Er光纤激光器通常存在较强的强度噪声，该噪声是由弛豫振荡造成的，弛豫振荡的峰值频率一般位于200kHz～2MHz。Low-noise, single-frequency, narrow-linewidth C-band (wavelength 1528.77nm-1560.61nm) laser sources are widely used in high-speed laser communication, coherent laser detection and microwave photonics. Such light sources mainly include semiconductor lasers and Er-doped fiber lasers. Compared with semiconductor lasers, the linewidth of Er-doped fiber lasers is narrower and can reach within 1kHz, while the linewidth of free-running semiconductor lasers is usually above 100kHz. However, Er-doped fiber lasers usually have strong intensity noise, which is caused by relaxation oscillation, and the peak frequency of relaxation oscillation is generally located at 200kHz-2MHz.
对于上述激光强度噪声，可采用光纤放大器进行抑制。D.Q.Pan等人提出利用掺Er光纤放大器的增益饱和效应来抑制激光强度噪声(Z Q Pan,J Zhou,F Yang,Q Ye,H WCai,R H Qu and Z J Fang,Low-frequency noise suppression of a fiber laserbased on a round-trip EDFA power stabilizer,Laser Physics,23(2013),03510501-03510504)，公开了双程光纤放大器装置，包括单频光纤激光器、光环形器、掺Er光纤、光纤波分复用器、可调光衰减器、法拉第反射镜和泵浦光源。从单频光纤激光器中产生的激光通过光环形器进入掺Er光纤，在泵浦光源的作用下，在掺Er光纤内形成增益，从而实现对激光的第一次放大，被放大的激光通过光纤波分复用器和可调光衰减器，被法拉第反射镜反射后再依次通过可调光衰减器和光纤波分复用器，再次从反向进入掺Er光纤，实现第二次放大，最后通过光环形器输出。该装置可以抑制激光强度噪声的基本机制是，通过调节可调光衰减器的插入损耗，在特定的插入损耗下，双程光纤放大器的输出功率与输入功率微分等于零，即输出功率对输入功率的变化不敏感，从而实现对输出激光强度噪声的抑制。从实验结果来看，该装置可以对1kHz以内的激光强度噪声产生显著的抑制效果，而对10kHz以上的噪声则没有明显的影响。因此，该装置和方法难以抑制驰豫振荡频率(通常位于200kHz～2MHz)附近的强度噪声，而该频率范围内的噪声是光纤激光器输出强度噪声的主要成分。For the above-mentioned laser intensity noise, fiber amplifiers can be used to suppress it. D.Q.Pan and others proposed to use the gain saturation effect of Er-doped fiber amplifier to suppress laser intensity noise (Z Q Pan, J Zhou, F Yang, Q Ye, H WCai, R H Qu and Z J Fang, Low-frequency noise suppression of a fiber laserbased on a round-trip EDFA power stabilizer, Laser Physics, 23(2013), 03510501-03510504), discloses a double-pass fiber amplifier device, including a single-frequency fiber laser, an optical circulator, an Er-doped fiber, and a fiber wavelength division multiplexer , adjustable optical attenuator, Faraday mirror and pump light source. The laser light generated from the single-frequency fiber laser enters the Er-doped fiber through the optical circulator, and under the action of the pump light source, a gain is formed in the Er-doped fiber, thereby realizing the first amplification of the laser, and the amplified laser passes through the fiber The wavelength division multiplexer and the adjustable optical attenuator are reflected by the Faraday mirror and then pass through the adjustable optical attenuator and the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer in turn, and then enter the Er-doped optical fiber from the reverse direction to realize the second amplification, and finally output via optical circulator. The basic mechanism that the device can suppress laser intensity noise is that by adjusting the insertion loss of the adjustable optical attenuator, under a specific insertion loss, the differential of the output power and input power of the two-way fiber amplifier is equal to zero, that is, the difference between the output power and the input power Insensitive to changes, so as to suppress the output laser intensity noise. From the experimental results, the device can significantly suppress the laser intensity noise within 1kHz, but has no obvious effect on the noise above 10kHz. Therefore, it is difficult for the device and method to suppress the intensity noise around the relaxation oscillation frequency (usually located at 200kHz-2MHz), and the noise in this frequency range is the main component of the output intensity noise of the fiber laser.
此外，对于光纤激光器的输出强度噪声，还可采用半导体激光放大器进行抑制。华南理工大学的杨中民团队提出，采用半导体激光放大器对激光进行放大，并对半导体激光放大器的驱动电流进行反馈控制的方式抑制激光强度噪声(Qilai Zhao,Shanhui Xu,Kaijun Zhou,Changsheng Yang,Can Li,Zhouming Feng,Mingying Peng,Huaqiu Deng,and Zhongmin Yang,Broad-bandwidth near-shot-noise-limited intensity noisesuppression of a single-frequency fiber laser,Optics Letters,41(2016),1333-1335)。该研究组搭建了半导体激光放大器装置，包括激光二极管(LD)、保偏波分复用器(PM-WDM)、短腔光纤激光器、保偏光纤隔离器(PM-ISO)、可调光衰减器(VOA)、偏振控制器(PC)、光纤耦合半导体光放大器(SOA)、光纤带通滤波器(BPF)、1:99光纤耦合器、光电探测器、低通滤波器(LPF)、放大器(AMP)和半导体光放大器的驱动器。LD产生的980nm泵浦光经过PM-WDM后，进入短腔光纤激光器；短腔光纤激光器产生的1550nm激光通过PM-WDM和PM-ISO后，进入VOA，对激光功率进行适当衰减；而后通过PC进入SOA，1550nm激光功率从4mW放大到17.5mW左右；放大后的激光再通过BPF，以滤除1550nm之外的自发辐射光；而后通过1:99光纤耦合器，其99％端口作为半导体激光放大器的输出口，1％端口连接PD，将激光强度起伏转化为电信号，再通过LPF、AMP，输入半导体光放大器的驱动器，驱动器连接SOA，形成对激光强度噪声的反馈控制环路。在环路不闭合的状态下，激光通过半导体激光放大器后，驰豫振荡频率附近的激光强度噪声降低了50dB左右。在环路闭合的状态下，进一步显著降低了1kHz以下的低频噪声，使0.8kHz到50MHz的激光强度噪声降低到-150dB/Hz左右。上述采用半导体激光放大器并通过反馈控制的方式虽然可以获得较好的噪声抑制效果，但能够达到的激光输出功率受到半导体激光放大器功率容量的限制，通常单模光纤耦合的半导体激光放大器输出功率不超过18dBm(即63mW)。In addition, the output intensity noise of the fiber laser can also be suppressed by a semiconductor laser amplifier. Yang Zhongmin’s team from South China University of Technology proposed to use a semiconductor laser amplifier to amplify the laser and to control the driving current of the semiconductor laser amplifier to suppress laser intensity noise (Qilai Zhao, Shanhui Xu, Kaijun Zhou, Changsheng Yang, Can Li, Zhouming Feng, Mingying Peng, Huaqiu Deng, and Zhongmin Yang, Broad-bandwidth near-shot-noise-limited intensity noise suppression of a single-frequency fiber laser, Optics Letters, 41(2016), 1333-1335). The research group built a semiconductor laser amplifier device, including laser diode (LD), polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer (PM-WDM), short cavity fiber laser, polarization maintaining fiber isolator (PM-ISO), adjustable optical attenuation (VOA), polarization controller (PC), fiber-coupled semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), fiber bandpass filter (BPF), 1:99 fiber coupler, photodetector, low-pass filter (LPF), amplifier (AMP) and drivers for semiconductor optical amplifiers. The 980nm pump light generated by the LD enters the short-cavity fiber laser after passing through the PM-WDM; the 1550nm laser generated by the short-cavity fiber laser passes through the PM-WDM and PM-ISO and then enters the VOA to properly attenuate the laser power; and then passes through the PC Entering the SOA, the 1550nm laser power is amplified from 4mW to about 17.5mW; the amplified laser then passes through the BPF to filter out the spontaneous emission light beyond 1550nm; then passes through the 1:99 fiber coupler, and 99% of its ports are used as semiconductor laser amplifiers The output port of the 1% port is connected to the PD, which converts the fluctuation of the laser intensity into an electrical signal, and then enters the driver of the semiconductor optical amplifier through the LPF and AMP, and the driver is connected to the SOA to form a feedback control loop for the laser intensity noise. When the loop is not closed, after the laser passes through the semiconductor laser amplifier, the laser intensity noise near the relaxation oscillation frequency is reduced by about 50dB. In the closed state of the loop, the low-frequency noise below 1kHz is further significantly reduced, and the laser intensity noise from 0.8kHz to 50MHz is reduced to about -150dB/Hz. Although the above-mentioned method of using a semiconductor laser amplifier and feedback control can obtain a better noise suppression effect, the laser output power that can be achieved is limited by the power capacity of the semiconductor laser amplifier. Usually, the output power of a single-mode fiber-coupled semiconductor laser amplifier does not exceed 18dBm (ie 63mW).
总之，现有的通过光纤放大器的增益饱和效应抑制光纤激光器的强度噪声的方法，仅能抑制低频噪声，无法抑制驰豫振荡频率附近的噪声，而该频率附近的噪声是激光强度噪声的主要成分。而采用半导体激光放大器并通过反馈控制的方式，虽然可以获得较好的噪声抑制效果，但输出功率较低。In conclusion, the existing methods for suppressing the intensity noise of fiber lasers through the gain saturation effect of fiber amplifiers can only suppress low-frequency noise, but cannot suppress noise near the relaxation oscillation frequency, which is the main component of laser intensity noise . However, the semiconductor laser amplifier and feedback control method can obtain better noise suppression effect, but the output power is lower.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是针对背景技术存在的缺陷，研究设计一种抑制光纤激光器输出强度噪声的光纤放大器，可以有效抑制弛豫振荡频率附近及低频激光强度噪声，即有效抑制光纤激光器输出强度噪声中的主要成分，同时提高激光输出功率。The purpose of the present invention is to aim at the defect that the background technology exists, research and design a kind of fiber amplifier that suppresses the output intensity noise of the fiber laser, can effectively suppress the laser intensity noise near the relaxation oscillation frequency and low frequency, that is, effectively suppress the output intensity noise of the fiber laser main components while increasing the laser output power.
本发明的解决方案是针对背景技术不能同时获得高功率和低强度噪声激光输出的弊病，本发明采用包含第一1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器、第二1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器、980nm激光二极管、980/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器、掺Er光纤、1480nm激光二极管、保偏光纤滤波器、1:99保偏光纤耦合器、可调光纤衰减器、光电探测器、反馈控制器、激光二极管驱动器的光纤放大器，具有较高的功率容量，可对激光功率进行显著放大；并且，除了常规的980nm泵浦波长，本发明在光纤放大器中同时采用了1480nm泵浦波长，通过该波长激光的泵浦，可将部分Er离子从基态能级直接泵浦到激光上能级，再通过能级内的快速弛豫到达激光发射子能级，可实现对放大器增益的宽带控制；采用对激光强度噪声的反馈控制环路，即可实现对驰豫振荡频率附近及低频噪声的有效抑制，从而可同时获得高功率和低强度噪声激光输出。该光纤放大器的工作原理：980nm激光二极管输出的980nm泵浦光通过980/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器注入掺Er光纤，同时，1480nm激光二极管输出的1480nm泵浦光通过第二1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器注入掺Er光纤，在其中形成激光增益；输入激光依次通过第一1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器和980/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器，再通过掺Er光纤，激光功率得到放大；1480nm泵浦光将部分Er离子从基态能级直接泵浦到激光上能级，再通过能级内的快速弛豫到达激光发射子能级，该弛豫时间为ns量级，使得对激光增益的调制带宽可达到100MHz以上；由第二1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器、保偏光纤滤波器、1:99保偏光纤耦合器、可调光纤衰减器、光电探测器、反馈控制器、激光二极管驱动器、1480nm激光二极管形成对激光强度噪声的反馈控制环路，通过反馈控制光纤放大器的增益，则可抑制弛豫振荡频率附近和低频激光强度噪声；本发明即以此实现其发明目的。The solution of the present invention is aimed at the disadvantage that the background technology cannot simultaneously obtain high-power and low-intensity noise laser output. Isolation wavelength division multiplexer, 980nm laser diode, 980/1550 polarization maintaining fiber isolation wavelength division multiplexer, Er-doped fiber, 1480nm laser diode, polarization maintaining fiber filter, 1:99 polarization maintaining fiber coupler, tunable fiber The optical fiber amplifier of the attenuator, photodetector, feedback controller, and laser diode driver has higher power capacity and can significantly amplify the laser power; and, in addition to the conventional 980nm pump wavelength, the present invention simultaneously The pump wavelength of 1480nm is adopted. Through the pumping of laser with this wavelength, some Er ions can be directly pumped from the ground state energy level to the upper energy level of the laser, and then reach the laser emission sub-level through the fast relaxation in the energy level, which can be achieved. Broadband control of amplifier gain is realized; the feedback control loop of laser intensity noise can be used to effectively suppress the noise near the relaxation oscillation frequency and low frequency, so that high power and low intensity noise laser output can be obtained at the same time. The working principle of the fiber amplifier: the 980nm pump light output by the 980nm laser diode is injected into the Er-doped fiber through the 980/1550 polarization maintaining fiber isolation wavelength division multiplexer, and at the same time, the 1480nm pump light output by the 1480nm laser diode is passed through the second 1480/ The 1550 polarization-maintaining fiber-isolated wavelength division multiplexer is injected into the Er-doped fiber to form laser gain; the input laser passes through the first 1480/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber-isolated wavelength-division multiplexer and 980/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber-isolated wavelength division multiplexer in turn The laser power is amplified through the Er-doped optical fiber; the 1480nm pump light directly pumps some Er ions from the ground state energy level to the upper laser energy level, and then reaches the laser emission sub-level through the fast relaxation in the energy level. , the relaxation time is on the order of ns, so that the modulation bandwidth of the laser gain can reach more than 100MHz; the second 1480/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber isolation wavelength division multiplexer, polarization-maintaining fiber filter, 1:99 polarization-maintaining fiber Couplers, adjustable fiber attenuators, photodetectors, feedback controllers, laser diode drivers, and 1480nm laser diodes form a feedback control loop for laser intensity noise, and the relaxation oscillation frequency can be suppressed by controlling the gain of the fiber amplifier through feedback Nearby and low frequency laser intensity noise; this is how the present invention achieves its inventive objectives.
本发明提出的一种抑制光纤激光器输出强度噪声的光纤放大器，其特征在于，所述光纤放大器包括第一1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器、第二1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器、980nm激光二极管、980/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器、掺Er光纤、1480nm激光二极管、保偏光纤滤波器、1:99保偏光纤耦合器、可调光纤衰减器、光电探测器、反馈控制器、激光二极管驱动器；A fiber amplifier for suppressing output intensity noise of a fiber laser proposed by the present invention is characterized in that the fiber amplifier includes a first 1480/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber isolation wavelength division multiplexer, a second 1480/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber isolation wave Division multiplexer, 980nm laser diode, 980/1550 polarization maintaining fiber isolation wavelength division multiplexer, Er-doped fiber, 1480nm laser diode, polarization maintaining fiber filter, 1:99 polarization maintaining fiber coupler, adjustable fiber attenuator , photodetector, feedback controller, laser diode driver;
1480nm激光二极管的输出端口连接第二1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器的反射端口，第一1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器的公共端口连接980/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器的直通端口，980/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器的公共端连接掺Er光纤的一端，掺Er光纤的另一端连接第二1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器的公共端，第二1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器的直通端连接保偏光纤滤波器的公共端，保偏光纤滤波器的反射端连接1:99保偏光纤耦合器的输入端，1:99保偏光纤耦合器的1％输出端口连接可调光纤衰减器的一端，可调光纤衰减器的另一端依次连接光电探测器、反馈控制器、激光二极管驱动器、1480nm激光二极管；工作时，输入激光从第一1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器的直通端口输入，输出激光从1:99保偏光纤耦合器的99％输出端口输出。The output port of the 1480nm laser diode is connected to the reflection port of the second 1480/1550 polarization maintaining fiber isolation wavelength division multiplexer, and the common port of the first 1480/1550 polarization maintaining fiber isolation wavelength division multiplexer is connected to the 980/1550 polarization maintaining fiber isolation wavelength division multiplexer The straight-through port of the WDM, the common end of the 980/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber-optic isolation WDM is connected to one end of the Er-doped fiber, and the other end of the Er-doped fiber is connected to the second 1480/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber-isolation WDM The common end of the second 1480/1550 polarization maintaining fiber isolation wavelength division multiplexer is connected to the common end of the polarization maintaining fiber filter, and the reflection end of the polarization maintaining fiber filter is connected to the 1:99 polarization maintaining fiber coupler The input end of the 1:99 polarization maintaining fiber coupler is connected to one end of the adjustable fiber attenuator, and the other end of the adjustable fiber attenuator is connected to the photodetector, feedback controller, laser diode driver, 1480nm laser Diode; when working, the input laser is input from the through port of the first 1480/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber-optic isolation wavelength division multiplexer, and the output laser is output from the 99% output port of the 1:99 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler.
本发明光纤放大器采用两个不同波长的激光二极管泵浦注入掺Er光纤，其中，980nm和1480nm激光二极管可以输出较高的功率，在掺Er光纤中形成较高的增益，具有较高的泵浦-激光转化效率，可获得较高的输出功率(200mW以上)；并且，1480nm激光二极管输出的泵浦光可以将部分Er离子从基态能级直接泵浦到激光上能级，再通过能级内的快速弛豫到达激光发射子能级，该弛豫时间为ns量级，使得对激光增益的调制带宽可达到100MHz以上；通过对光纤放大器的增益的宽带反馈控制，则可抑制弛豫振荡频率附近和低频激光强度噪声。因而本发明具有同时获得高功率和低强度噪声激光输出的特点。The optical fiber amplifier of the present invention adopts two laser diodes with different wavelengths to pump and inject Er-doped optical fiber, wherein, the 980nm and 1480nm laser diodes can output higher power, form higher gain in Er-doped optical fiber, and have higher pumping efficiency. -Laser conversion efficiency, high output power (above 200mW); and, the pump light output by the 1480nm laser diode can directly pump some Er ions from the ground state energy level to the upper laser energy level, and then pass through the energy level The fast relaxation reaches the laser emission sub-level, and the relaxation time is on the order of ns, so that the modulation bandwidth of the laser gain can reach more than 100MHz; through the broadband feedback control of the gain of the fiber amplifier, the relaxation oscillation frequency can be suppressed Nearby and low frequency laser intensity noise. Therefore, the present invention has the characteristics of simultaneously obtaining high-power and low-intensity noise laser output.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明提供的一种抑制光纤激光器输出强度噪声的光纤放大器的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of optical fiber amplifier that suppresses the output intensity noise of fiber laser provided by the present invention;
图2为掺Er光纤介质的传统敏化泵浦(a)和谐振泵浦(b)的能级结构图；Figure 2 is the energy level structure diagram of traditional sensitization pump (a) and resonant pump (b) of Er-doped fiber medium;
图中：1-1.第一1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器，1-2.第二1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器，2.980nm激光二极管，3.980/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器，4.掺Er光纤，5.1480nm激光二极管，6.保偏光纤滤波器，7.1:99保偏光纤耦合器，8.可调光纤衰减器，9.光电探测器，10.反馈控制器，11.激光二极管驱动器。In the figure: 1-1. The first 1480/1550 polarization maintaining fiber isolation wavelength division multiplexer, 1-2. The second 1480/1550 polarization maintaining fiber isolation wavelength division multiplexer, 2.980nm laser diode, 3.980/1550 polarization maintaining Polarization fiber isolation wavelength division multiplexer, 4. Er-doped fiber, 5.1480nm laser diode, 6. Polarization maintaining fiber filter, 7.1:99 polarization maintaining fiber coupler, 8. Adjustable fiber attenuator, 9. Photodetector , 10. Feedback controller, 11. Laser diode driver.
具体实施方式detailed description
本实施方式中：第一、第二1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器1-1和1-2：型号HPMIWDM-5548-B-S-F-01-N-B-0.8，泵浦波长1460～1490nm，激光波长1530～1565nm，功率容量1W，直通支路插入损耗0.7dB，反射支路插入损耗0.5dB，光越科技(深圳)有限公司制造，C1-1和C1-2表示公共端口，P1-1和P1-2表示直通端口，R1-1和R1-2表示反射端口；In this embodiment: the first and second 1480/1550 polarization-maintaining optical fiber isolation wavelength division multiplexers 1-1 and 1-2: model HPMIWDM-5548-BSF-01-NB-0.8, pump wavelength 1460-1490nm, The laser wavelength is 1530~1565nm, the power capacity is 1W, the insertion loss of the direct branch is 0.7dB, and the insertion loss of the reflection branch is 0.5dB. It is manufactured by Guangyue Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. C 1-1 and C 1-2 represent common ports, P 1-1 and P 1-2 represent straight-through ports, R 1-1 and R 1-2 represent reflective ports;
980nm激光二极管2：型号SC962UF76P-20R，波长980nm，输出功率750mW(@驱动电流1.1A)，单模光纤耦合输出，美国OCLARO INC.制造；980nm laser diode 2: Model SC962UF76P-20R, wavelength 980nm, output power 750mW (@ drive current 1.1A), single-mode fiber-coupled output, manufactured by OCLARO INC. in the United States;
980/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器3：型号HPMIWDM-5598-B-S-F-01-N-B-0.8，泵浦波长960～990nm，激光波长1530～1565nm，功率容量1W，直通支路插入损耗0.7dB，反射支路插入损耗0.5dB，光越科技(深圳)有限公司制造，C3表示公共端口，P3表示直通端口，R3表示反射端口；980/1550 polarization-maintaining optical fiber isolation wavelength division multiplexer 3: model HPMIWDM-5598-BSF-01-NB-0.8, pump wavelength 960-990nm, laser wavelength 1530-1565nm, power capacity 1W, through branch insertion loss 0.7 dB, the reflection branch insertion loss is 0.5dB, manufactured by Optics Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., C 3 indicates the common port, P 3 indicates the through port, and R 3 indicates the reflection port;
掺Er光纤4：型号Er110-4/125，吸收系数110dB/m，长度250mm，美国NLIGHT INC.制造；Er-doped fiber 4: type Er110-4/125, absorption coefficient 110dB/m, length 250mm, manufactured by NLIGHT INC. of the United States;
1480nm激光二极管5：型号AF4B142FG80L，波长1480nm，输出功率320mW(@驱动电流1A)，单模光纤耦合输出，日本ANRITSU CORP.制造；1480nm laser diode 5: model AF4B142FG80L, wavelength 1480nm, output power 320mW (@ drive current 1A), single-mode fiber-coupled output, manufactured by ANRITSU CORP. in Japan;
保偏光纤滤波器6：型号PMDWDM-1-34-NNN-BBB-0.8，波长1550nm，带宽(@0.5dB)0.4nm，插入损耗(反射支路)0.3dB，光越科技(深圳)有限公司制造，C6表示公共端口，P6表示直通端口，R6表示反射端口；Polarization maintaining fiber filter 6: model PMDWDM-1-34-NNN-BBB-0.8, wavelength 1550nm, bandwidth (@0.5dB) 0.4nm, insertion loss (reflection branch) 0.3dB, Guangyue Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Manufacturing, C 6 indicates the common port, P 6 indicates the through port, R 6 indicates the reflection port;
1:99保偏光纤耦合器7：型号HPMFC-1550-1-01-F-01-NNN-BBB-P-0.8，波长1550nm，分束比1:99，插入损耗0.3dB，光越科技(深圳)有限公司制造，I7表示输入端口，S7,01表示1％输出端口，S7,99表示99％输出端口；1:99 polarization maintaining fiber coupler 7: model HPMFC-1550-1-01-F-01-NNN-BBB-P-0.8, wavelength 1550nm, beam splitting ratio 1:99, insertion loss 0.3dB, Optical Technology ( Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., I 7 means input port, S 7,01 means 1% output port, S 7,99 means 99% output port;
可调光纤衰减器8：型号PMVOA-55-22-BB-0.8，波长1550nm，最大衰减范围30dB，光越科技(深圳)有限公司制造；Adjustable optical fiber attenuator 8: model PMVOA-55-22-BB-0.8, wavelength 1550nm, maximum attenuation range 30dB, manufactured by Guangyue Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.;
光电探测器9：型号DET10C，响应波长700～1800nm，上升时间10ns，美国THORLABSINC.制造；Photodetector 9: Model DET10C, response wavelength 700-1800nm, rise time 10ns, manufactured by THORLABSINC. in the United States;
反馈控制器10：型号IFC-50B，带宽10MHz，群时延<50ns@12MHz，低频增益>80dB，美国THORLABS INC.制造；Feedback controller 10: Model IFC-50B, bandwidth 10MHz, group delay<50ns@12MHz, low frequency gain>80dB, manufactured by THORLABS INC. in the United States;
激光二极管驱动器11：型号ADA4870，带宽70MHz，输出电流1A，美国ANALOGDEVICES INC.制造。Laser diode driver 11: model ADA4870, bandwidth 70MHz, output current 1A, manufactured by American ANALOGDEVICES INC.
本实施方式中的实施例：Examples in this implementation mode:
980nm激光二极管2的输出端口连接980/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器3的反射端口R3，第一1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器1-1的公共端口C1-1连接980/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器3的直通端口P3，980/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器3公共端C3连接掺Er光纤4的一端，掺Er光纤4的另一端连接第二1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器1-2的公共端C1-2，第二1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器1-2的直通端P1-2连接保偏光纤滤波器6的公共端C6，保偏光纤滤波器6的反射端R6连接1:99保偏光纤耦合器7的输入端I7，1:99保偏光纤耦合器7的1％输出端口S7,01连接可调光纤衰减器8的一端，可调光纤衰减器8的另一端依次连接光电探测器9、反馈控制器10、激光二极管驱动器11、1480nm激光二极管5，1480nm激光二极管5的输出端连接第二1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器1-2的反射端R1-2。The output port of the 980nm laser diode 2 is connected to the reflection port R 3 of the 980/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber-optic isolation wavelength division multiplexer 3, and the common port C 1-1 of the first 1480/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber-optic isolation wavelength division multiplexer 1-1 1 Connect to the straight-through port P 3 of the 980/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber-optic isolation wavelength division multiplexer 3 , the common port C of the 980/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber-optic isolation wavelength division multiplexer 3 3 Connect one end of the Er-doped fiber 4 , the Er-doped fiber 4 The other end of the second 1480/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber-optic isolation wavelength division multiplexer 1-2 is connected to the common terminal C 1-2 , and the second 1480/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber-optic isolation wavelength division multiplexer 1-2 straight-through terminal P 1-2 Connect the common end C 6 of the polarization maintaining fiber filter 6, the reflection end R 6 of the polarization maintaining fiber filter 6 is connected to the input end I 7 of the 1:99 polarization maintaining fiber coupler 7, 1:99 polarization maintaining fiber coupling The 1% output port S 7,01 of the device 7 is connected to one end of the adjustable optical fiber attenuator 8, and the other end of the adjustable optical fiber attenuator 8 is connected to the photodetector 9, the feedback controller 10, the laser diode driver 11, and the 1480nm laser diode in sequence 5. The output end of the 1480nm laser diode 5 is connected to the reflection end R 1-2 of the second 1480/1550 polarization-maintaining optical fiber isolation wavelength division multiplexer 1-2 .
980nm激光二极管2输出的980nm泵浦光通过980/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器3注入掺Er光纤4，同时，1480nm激光二极管5输出的1480nm泵浦光通过第二1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器1-2注入掺Er光纤4，在其中形成激光增益；输入激光依次通过第一1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器1-1和980/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器3，再通过掺Er光纤4后，激光功率得到放大；1480nm泵浦光将部分Er离子从基态能级直接泵浦到激光上能级，再通过能级内的快速弛豫到达激光发射子能级(如图2(b)所示)，该弛豫时间为ns量级，使得对激光增益的调制带宽可达到100MHz以上；由第二1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器1-2、保偏光纤滤波器6、1:99保偏光纤耦合器7、可调光纤衰减器8、光电探测器9、反馈控制器10、激光二极管驱动器11、1480nm激光二极管5形成激光强度噪声的反馈控制环路，通过反馈控制光纤放大器的增益，则可抑制弛豫振荡频率附近和低频激光强度噪声；输出激光从1:99保偏光纤耦合器7的99％输出端口S7,99输出。The 980nm pump light output by the 980nm laser diode 2 is injected into the Er-doped fiber 4 through the 980/1550 polarization maintaining fiber isolation wavelength division multiplexer 3, and at the same time, the 1480nm pump light output by the 1480nm laser diode 5 passes through the second 1480/1550 polarization maintaining The fiber-isolated wavelength division multiplexer 1-2 is injected into the Er-doped fiber 4 to form laser gain; the input laser passes through the first 1480/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber-optic isolation wavelength-division multiplexer 1-1 and 980/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber in sequence After isolating the wavelength division multiplexer 3 and passing through the Er-doped fiber 4, the laser power is amplified; the 1480nm pump light directly pumps some Er ions from the ground state energy level to the upper energy level of the laser, and then passes through the fast relaxation within the energy level. The relaxation time reaches the laser emission sub-level (as shown in Figure 2(b)), and the relaxation time is on the order of ns, so that the modulation bandwidth of the laser gain can reach more than 100MHz; the second 1480/1550 polarization maintaining fiber isolates the Demultiplexer 1-2, polarization maintaining fiber filter 6, 1:99 polarization maintaining fiber coupler 7, adjustable fiber attenuator 8, photodetector 9, feedback controller 10, laser diode driver 11, 1480nm laser diode 5 Form a feedback control loop for laser intensity noise, and control the gain of the fiber amplifier through feedback to suppress laser intensity noise near the relaxation oscillation frequency and low frequency; the output laser is from 99% of the output port of the 1:99 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 7 S 7,99 out.
第一1480/1550保偏光纤隔离波分复用器1-1用于滤除后向传播的1480nm泵浦光，避免泵浦光影响光纤激光源的正常工作；保偏光纤滤波器6用于滤除激光波长以外的自发辐射光。The first 1480/1550 polarization-maintaining fiber-optic isolation wavelength division multiplexer 1-1 is used to filter out the 1480nm pump light propagating backward, so as to prevent the pump light from affecting the normal operation of the fiber laser source; the polarization-maintaining fiber filter 6 is used for Spontaneous emission light outside the laser wavelength is filtered out.
根据本实施例中所采用的元器件特性，所述激光强度噪声的反馈控制环路的环路带宽为10MHz左右，显著大于常规光纤激光器的弛豫振荡的峰值频率(一般位于200kHz～2MHz)，通过调试反馈控制器10的增益或可调光纤衰减器8的插入损耗，可有效抑制弛豫振荡频率附近和低频激光强度噪声；与之对比，若对980nm激光二极管2进行反馈控制，掺Er光纤4中的用来起敏化作用的Yb离子吸收980nm的泵浦光，产生能级跃迁，而后再通过弛豫过程将能量传递给Er离子，如图2(a)所示。而该弛豫过程所需时间一般在10μs以上，使环路控制带宽难以达到100kHz以上，会严重限制噪声抑制效果。According to the characteristics of components used in this embodiment, the loop bandwidth of the feedback control loop of the laser intensity noise is about 10MHz, significantly greater than the peak frequency of the relaxation oscillation of conventional fiber lasers (generally located at 200kHz～2MHz), By debugging the gain of the feedback controller 10 or the insertion loss of the adjustable fiber attenuator 8, the noise near the relaxation oscillation frequency and the low-frequency laser intensity noise can be effectively suppressed; in contrast, if the 980nm laser diode 2 is feedback-controlled, the Er-doped fiber The Yb ion used for sensitization in 4 absorbs the pump light at 980nm to generate an energy level transition, and then transfers the energy to the Er ion through the relaxation process, as shown in Figure 2(a). However, the time required for the relaxation process is generally more than 10 μs, making it difficult to achieve a loop control bandwidth of more than 100 kHz, which will seriously limit the noise suppression effect.
在输出功率方面，单频保偏光纤激光器的输出功率可达到77mW左右，(参考文献1：杨昌盛，徐善辉，李灿，莫树培，冯洲明，姜中宏，杨中民，1.5μm波段连续单频光纤激光器的研究进展，中国科学：化学，43(2013)，1407-1417)，高掺杂掺Er光纤的泵浦-激光转化效率可达到29％以上(参考文献1)，结合本实施例中各元器件的插损特性，并考虑各元件的连接损耗，光纤放大器输出功率可达到200mW以上。In terms of output power, the output power of a single-frequency polarization-maintaining fiber laser can reach about 77mW, (reference 1: Yang Changsheng, Xu Shanhui, Li Can, Mo Shupei, Feng Zhouming, Jiang Zhonghong, Yang Zhongmin, 1.5μm band continuous single-frequency fiber laser Research progress in Chinese Science: Chemistry, 43(2013), 1407-1417), the pump-laser conversion efficiency of highly doped Er-doped fiber can reach more than 29% (reference 1), combined with each element in this embodiment The insertion loss characteristics of the device, and considering the connection loss of each component, the output power of the optical fiber amplifier can reach more than 200mW.
采用更高功率的激光二极管可进一步提高激光输出功率，如不考虑泵浦光功率的限制，光纤放大器的输出功率主要受限于非线性效应，而单模掺Er光纤4和传导光纤的非线性效应阈值大于10W(参考文献1)，即在10W输出功率以下，非线性效应可忽略。因此，本发明具有较高的功率容量和良好的功率扩展性，可同时获得高功率和低强度噪声激光输出。Using a higher power laser diode can further increase the laser output power. If the limitation of the pump light power is not considered, the output power of the fiber amplifier is mainly limited by the nonlinear effect, and the nonlinearity of the single-mode Er-doped fiber 4 and the guide fiber The effect threshold is greater than 10W (Reference 1), that is, below the 10W output power, the nonlinear effect is negligible. Therefore, the invention has high power capacity and good power expansion, and can simultaneously obtain high power and low intensity noise laser output.
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