CN106779294A - Airplane operation error detection method and system - Google Patents
Airplane operation error detection method and system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
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Abstract
The invention provides airplane operation error detection method and system.A kind of airplane operation error detection system may include information gathering component, for gathering aircraft parameter；Operation encoding pack, is encoded to form the sequence of operation for estimating performed operation according to the aircraft parameter gathered by described information acquisition component and operating each according to scheduled operation encoding scheme；Operations Analyst component, for assessing whether the sequence of operation is included faulty operation and determined whether to produce alarm based on faulty operation according to consensus sequence.Present invention also offers corresponding airplane operation error detection method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of aircraft, more particularly to airplane operation error detection method and system.
Background technology
Pilot undertakes in the whole flight profile, mission profile of landing is flown to from and important controls aircraft and management flight
Task, for security requirement equipment very high or function, once there is manual operation mistake in manipulation process, thereafter
Fruit will be very serious, or even aviation disaster accident occurs.
In recent years, with the raising of civil aircraft automatization level, civil aircraft thing caused by plant equipment and automated system factor
Therefore gradually decrease, meanwhile, the improper operation reason of civil aircraft driver accounts for accident ratio and increases year by year.Statistics shows, artificially
Accident occupies very big ratio in aircraft accident caused by bust.It is generally believed that in civil aviation accident, human error
The ratio that caused accident accounts for total number of accident is not less than 70%.Although the operation setting automatization level of present aircraft is higher, by
Civil aircraft accident is gradually reduced caused by plant equipment and automated system factor, but flight operation stills need the artificial of pilot
Intervention, pilot's perception that prolonged notice is concentrated, work in shifts causes decline and human error presence just
Mean the generation of accident, event.Numerous known, people can malfunction in itself, expect that people does not malfunction to ensure flight safety
Idea is unpractical.We can only place hope on improve aircraft system mistake proofing in itself and fault tolerance significantly controlling and
Reduce human error.
At present, for aircraft pilot human error research based on based on theoretical research, avoiding human error
The measure used in behavior mainly including the error-preventive design of airborne equipment, the Redundancy Design of system and is related to safe flight
Envelope protection etc. applies safeguard measure for the equipment and system that pilot may be made to malfunction, and can not directly from the behaviour of pilot
Make to recognize potential risks in behavior.Human factor is a system engineering for complexity, and the behavior of people is uncontrollable.According to
The research of NASA, people is uncontrollable aircraft supervisor, how to recognize that its operation behavior characteristic turns into industry before its operational error
The emphasis of boundary's research, is also the technical problems to be solved by the invention.
Therefore, in order to improve the safety operation level of aircraft, it is necessary to detect, control and/or reduce pilot not
Work as operation behavior.
The content of the invention
The present invention is studied for aircraft manual operation factor, and is designed for aircraft pilot's manual operation mistake row
It is the mobile system or apparatus/method that are identified, detect and manage.The present invention devises a kind of airline pilots in the phase on duty
Between machine on basic operation behavior detection system and method.Major function of the invention includes：Pilot operator behavior is encoded, flown
The detection of office staff's operation behavior, the automatic identification of human error and management, human error's alarm and prompting.The present invention can be solved preferably
Certainly human error problem：Quantificational description to pilot's basic operation behavior, that is, set up pilot's basic operation row
It is coding rule, the digital coding storehouse of S.O.P. is set up on the basis of coding rule, forms reference operation sequence
Row；Real-time monitoring is carried out to driver's operation behavior, real-time operation code is formed, both contrast, and can in time find driver's
Faulty operation, and design a kind of detection system, pilot is reminded by system in time, it is to avoid its after faulty operation still not
Know, ultimately result in pilot and lose accurate judgement to context-aware.
According to one embodiment of present invention, there is provided a kind of airplane operation error detection system, including：Information is adopted
Collection component, for gathering aircraft parameter；Operation encoding pack, for the aircraft parameter that basis is gathered by described information acquisition component
To estimate performed operation and each operation encoded to form the sequence of operation according to scheduled operation encoding scheme；Operation
Analytic unit, for assessing whether the sequence of operation is included faulty operation and determined based on faulty operation according to consensus sequence
Whether generation is alerted.
On the one hand, the Operations Analyst component is made comparisons the sequence of operation with the consensus sequence described to determine
Whether the sequence of operation includes the faulty operation not being inconsistent with the consensus sequence.
On the one hand, state of flight of the Operations Analyst component according to residing for aircraft come select appropriate consensus sequence with
Assess the sequence of operation.
On the one hand, each operation is associated with predefined accident probability, Operations Analyst component statistics with it is described
The associated accident probability of faulty operation in the sequence of operation to generate accumulation accident probability, and in the accumulation accident probability
Determine to produce alarm during more than danger threshold.
On the one hand, the Operations Analyst Assembly calculation is general with the accident that the faulty operation in the sequence of operation is associated
The weighted value of rate generates accumulation accident probability.
On the one hand, the Operations Analyst component assesses the sequence of operation and is likely to result in accident based on PDA models
Accident probability, the PDA models include the cognition on perceiving P, decision-making D and action A.
On the one hand, the Operations Analyst component sets up the incidence matrix of the consensus sequence and the sequence of operation, and
Assess whether the sequence of operation includes that faulty operation and the faulty operation are likely to result in accident using the PDA models
Accident probability.
On the one hand, the PDA modelings cause the behavior of the faulty operation to generate path, and the behavior generates road
Footpath includes the multiple influence factor PIF for making pilot perform operation, many on behavior generation path described in the PDA model evaluations
The quantitative evaluation value that individual influence factor PIF causes the accident, and the quantitative evaluation value is weighted summation to generate accumulation thing
Therefore probability, and determine to produce alarm when the accumulation accident probability exceedes danger threshold.
On the one hand, the multiple influence factor PIF include it is following at least one：Pilot's physical factors, pilot's heart
Intelligence state, pilot's recall info, pilot's personality factors, unit correlative factor, environmental factor, tissue correlative factor.
On the one hand, the alarm includes at least one of warning, attention, prompting, state grade.
On the one hand, the airplane operation error detection system also includes：Alarm component, it is in the Operations Analyst component
It is determined that producing at least one of audible alarm, presentation of information alarm, light display alarm when producing alarm.
On the one hand, the airplane operation error detection system also includes onboard maintenance system to record warning information.
On the one hand, the aircraft parameter include it is following at least one：The side-play amount of control stick, stroke；Flight parameter；Behaviour
Make the current state of part；Functional unit transformation period；And the current data of aircraft components.
On the one hand, each operation in the sequence of operation and consensus sequence is encoded into including following one or many
Person：Represent the abbreviated code of operating main body and action；Represent the sequence code of running order；Represent the condition code of operational attribute；Represent
The position code of operation object position；Represent the timing code of operating time；And whether correctly verified for verification operation coding
Code.
On the one hand, the operational attribute includes at least one of operation plyability, connectivity, the property of can read.
On the one hand, the operating time include operation at the beginning of between, the duration, and/or with previously/subsequent operation
Time interval.
In another embodiment in accordance with the invention, there is provided a kind of airplane operation error detection method, including：Collection
Aircraft parameter；Performed operation is estimated according to the aircraft parameter for being gathered and each is grasped according to scheduled operation encoding scheme
Encoded to form the sequence of operation；Assess whether the sequence of operation includes faulty operation according to consensus sequence；And
Determine whether to produce alarm based on faulty operation.
On the one hand, the airplane operation error detection method also includes：By the sequence of operation and the consensus sequence
Make comparisons with the faulty operation for determining the sequence of operation whether to include and not being inconsistent with the consensus sequence.
On the one hand, the airplane operation error detection method also includes：State of flight according to residing for aircraft is selected
Appropriate consensus sequence is assessing the sequence of operation.
On the one hand, each operation is associated with predefined accident probability, and methods described also includes：Statistics and the behaviour
Make the associated accident probability of the faulty operation in sequence to generate accumulation accident probability and super in the accumulation accident probability
Alarm is produced when crossing danger threshold.
On the one hand, the airplane operation error detection method also includes：Calculate and the mistake behaviour in the sequence of operation
Make the weighted value of associated accident probability to generate accumulation accident probability.
On the one hand, the airplane operation error detection method also includes：The sequence of operation is assessed based on PDA models
The accident probability of accident is likely to result in, the PDA models include the cognition on perceiving P, decision-making D and action A.
On the one hand, the airplane operation error detection method also includes：The consensus sequence is set up with the operation sequence
The incidence matrix of row；And assess whether the sequence of operation includes faulty operation and the mistake using the PDA models
Maloperation is likely to result in the accident probability of accident.
On the one hand, the PDA modelings cause the behavior of the faulty operation to generate path, and the behavior generates road
Footpath includes the multiple influence factor PIF for making pilot perform operation, many on behavior generation path described in the PDA model evaluations
The quantitative evaluation value that individual influence factor PIF causes the accident, and the quantitative evaluation value is weighted summation to generate accumulation thing
Therefore probability, and alarm is produced when the accumulation accident probability exceedes danger threshold.
On the one hand, the multiple influence factor PIF include it is following at least one：Pilot's physical factors, pilot's heart
Intelligence state, pilot's recall info, pilot's personality factors, unit correlative factor, environmental factor, tissue correlative factor.
On the one hand, the alarm includes at least one of warning, attention, prompting, state grade.
On the one hand, the airplane operation error detection method also includes：Audio is produced to accuse when it is determined that to produce alarm
At least one of alert, presentation of information alarm, light display alarm.
On the one hand, the airplane operation error detection method also includes：Warning information is recorded by onboard maintenance system.
On the one hand, the aircraft parameter include it is following at least one：The side-play amount of control stick, stroke；Flight parameter；Behaviour
Make the current state of part；Functional unit transformation period；And the current data of aircraft components.
On the one hand, each operation in the sequence of operation and consensus sequence is encoded into including following one or many
Person：Represent the abbreviated code of operating main body and action；Represent the sequence code of running order；Represent the condition code of operational attribute；Represent
The position code of operation object position；Represent the timing code of operating time；And whether correctly verified for verification operation coding
Code.
On the one hand, the operational attribute includes at least one of operation plyability, connectivity, the property of can read.
On the one hand, the operating time include operation at the beginning of between, the duration, and/or with previously/subsequent operation
Time interval.
Alerted in time in generation mistake during flight operation present invention can apply to aircraft pilot and point out flight
Member notes, so as to avoid or reduce the aircraft accident and event caused by human error.Method proposed by the invention, system and
Design will provide good practical basis for international aircraft human factor research, will also be widely applied to aircraft pilot people
For in the exploitation of error detection equipment and system.Other airborne vehicles the present disclosure applies equally to need manual operation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows airline pilots' operation behavior coding method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows stages operating flow chart of mushing according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows aircraft one-level position feature schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 shows the block diagram of airplane operation error detection system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 shows alarm schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 shows PDA model frameworks schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 shows the flow chart of airplane operation error detection method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiments and the drawings, the invention will be further described, but should not limit guarantor of the invention with this
Shield scope.
According to an aspect of the present invention, in order to be able to preferably solve the problems, such as human operational error, can be to aircraft handling
Member's basic operation behavior carries out quantificational description, that is, pilot's basic operation behavior coding rule is set up, in coding rule
The digital coding storehouse of reference operation program is set up on basis, reference operation sequence is formed.Operation behavior coding can be such as
Completed by planemaker, airline or third party etc., and the reference operation sequence for being formed can be widely used in
All aircrafts of same model, or some types or the special reference operation sequence of task customization can be directed to, the present invention exists
This respect is unrestricted.
Further aspect of the invention, can be carried out in real time during aircraft flight is operated to driver's operation behavior
Monitoring, forms real-time operation sequence, and real-time operation sequence is contrasted with the reference operation sequence of prepared in advance/loading, can
To find the faulty operation of driver in time.In the case where bust is detected, airplane operation error detection of the invention
Method and system can in time remind pilot or take appropriate remedial measure, it is to avoid pilot after faulty operation still not
Know, ultimately result in pilot and lose accurate judgement to context-aware.
It is described in detail for operation behavior coding and bust detection individually below.
Operation behavior is encoded
According to an aspect of the present invention, the measure from system design view prevention operating mistake mainly has：
1st, the effective information feedback of system equipment：In design using reminder flag so that faulty operation will not continue to carry out
Go down, i.e., when there is manual operation mistake, system can provide clear and definite feedback information in itself, remind operator to correct wrong
By mistake.
2nd, Interlocking System：When machine state does not allow to take certain to operate, with appropriate circuit or mechanism controls, it is to avoid
The causing trouble due to human operational error.
3rd, " uniqueness " design：Refer to that system operatio only has a kind of state (requiring correct position) to be received, other
State is all to repel, and this can just be inherently eliminated faulty operation.
4th, " permission mistake " design：Quite a few in manual operation mistake is forgotten and is slipped up and cause, " tolerance
Mistake " design refers to allow above-mentioned mistake to exist, the safety without jeopardizing aircraft.For example, using the method for sequential control, completely
It is controlled it is prevented that poor by operation sequence (operation of latter program only can be just carried out after previous program is finished)
Wrong appearance.
5th, the working automation degree of machine is improved：The automaticity of machine is higher, and the quantity and program of operation just heal
Less, simpler, the skill set requirements to operator are also lower, therefore the possibility of error is also just fewer.
According to the present invention it is possible to the measure of the prevention operating mistake of 5 aspects of the above is reached by a kind of implementation,
Digital coding storehouse is set up to S.O.P., reference operation sequence is formed.During airplane operation, will can be directed to
The real-time operation code that driver's operation detects and formed is contrasted with the reference operation sequence, to find whether driver enters
Faulty operation is gone.
The premise for doing this work is the quantificational description to pilot's basic operation behavior, that is, set up pilot
Basic operation behavior coding rule.Therefore, present aspect is studied pilot's basic operation behavioural characteristic, and attempt by
The action of driver is encoded, and realizes its standardization expression and quantificational description, is that computer automatic detection and identification is artificially poor
Mistake provides a kind of new resolving ideas, enriches and improves existing alarm and prompting function, reduces the difficulty that driver has found faulty operation
Degree, is that mistake prevention and risk averse provide reference, fundamentally improves flight safety level.
Fig. 1 shows airline pilots' operation behavior coding method according to an embodiment of the invention.The operation row
For coding method is progressively decomposed anatomy to ensure driver's operation behavior correctly by by complicated operating process, and can
Including following steps：
Step 102：Driver's program and operation are recorded comprehensively.
For example, observable pilot makes the set of the sequence of operations that it is carried out that aircraft state changes.Can be using behaviour
Carry out logging program as flow chart, operation is recorded using human-machine operation figure, so as to record the driver that observes directly from first
Each event that individual operation is operated to last, from each step that first element is acted to last, so that more clear
Describe whole operation flow clearly.Further, it is also possible to the purpose of every thing feelings to being recorded, the place for occurring, complete
Sequentially, party, the method for use etc. are investigated item by item.
Step 110：It is former by 5W1H analytic approach (Five Ws and one H, also referred to as six what analytic approach) and ECRS analyses
Then the driver's program for being recorded and operation are analyzed, then analyze principle according to ECRS to set up most succinct operation stream
Journey.
Step 110 specifically may include sub-step 112 (task analysis), sub-step 114 (rule analysis), sub-step 116
(usage frequency of statistics action) and sub-step 118 (drawing therbligs).Illustrate individually below.
Sub-step 112：Task analysis
Task analysis is to carry out macroscopic analysis by object of whole operation flow, and analysis purpose is to look for recorded operation
The gaps and omissions of flow and unnecessary repetition part, so as to obtain most perfect flow.As an example, coming to task referring to Fig. 2
Analysis is illustrated.
Fig. 2 is stages operating flow chart of mushing according to an embodiment of the invention.Ramp-up period refers to by
Fly end and terminate the stage that height rises to cruising altitude.Program and Operations Analyst process are introduced in order to clearer, we are climbing
Driver's operating process is recorded as a example by the stage of liter and is compared with Standard Operations Manual, be analyzed by analysis principle.As showing
Example and it is unrestricted, the task analysis for ramp-up period operating process is as shown in table 1 below.
The ramp-up period operating procedure of table 1
As above task analysis can obtain the entire flow for every kind of task, while recorded operating process can be found out
Gaps and omissions and it is unnecessary repeat part.Task analysis above in relation to ramp-up period operating process is only an example, ability
Such as but not limited to, field technique personnel (can change speed, regulation cruise for other aerial missions under the teachings of the present invention
Highly, land etc.) operating process analysis is carried out, without deviating from the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is returned to, after the task analysis for performing step 112, rule analysis 114 can be continued executing with.
Sub-step 114：Rule analysis
According to 5W1H methods to it is recorded the fact putd question to item by item using enquirement technology, to obtain the content of 5W1H.Herein only
By taking the sub-fraction during climbing as an example, if there is accumulated ice situation and static air temperature less than 40 degrees below zero, next
Operation be to open Engine Anti-Ice, adoptable enquirement is as follows：
Ask：What is completed
Answer：Open engine 1,2 electric switches on the anti-icing panel of upper plate.
Ask：Why
Answer：If the anti-icing program recommended is not used, engine stall, overtemperature, or engine damage may be caused.
Ask：Do where
Answer：Driving cabin.
Ask：Why herein
Answer：Driving cabin is the place of driver's work.
Ask：When open
Answer：Have or the pre- situation in respect of icing conditions.
Ask：Why open at this moment
Answer：Postponing opening Engine Anti-Ice can cause engine damage or flame-out.
Ask：Whom opened by
Answer：Driver.
Ask：Driver why is needed to operate
Answer：Driving cabin can not possibly have other people.
Ask：How to do
Answer：Driver stretches out a hand, and pressing the engine 1 on the anti-icing panel of upper plate, 2 electric switches respectively with forefinger makes it
Open, withdraw hand.
Ask：Why he will so open
Answer：Again without the thing of other suitable pressing electric switches in driving cabin.
Next action is regulation TILT knobs after opening Engine Anti-Ice, and adoptable enquirement is as follows：
Ask：What is completed
Answer：Have adjusted TILT knobs.
Ask：Why
Answer：With the change of aircraft flight vertical height, dangerous weather condition position changes with aircraft angulation,
In order to more fully grasp weather condition, then need to adjust weather radar angle.
Ask：Do where
Answer：Driving cabin.
Ask：Why herein
Answer：Driving cabin is the place of driver's work.
Ask：When adjust
Answer：When aircraft flight vertical height changes.
Ask：Why adjust at this moment
Answer：Do not change now adjustment TILT knobs may result in it is incomplete to the reception of dangerous weather information.
Ask：Whom opened by
Answer：Driver.
Ask：Driver why is needed to operate
Answer：Driving cabin can not possibly have other people.
Ask：How to do
Answer：Driver stretches out a hand, and TILT knobs are handled with thumb and forefinger, according to navigation Show Selection Range, receives
Turn round and stretch out the hand.
Ask：Why he will so open
Answer：Again without the thing of other suitable rotations in driving cabin.
First operation is to close landing light after reaching 10000 feet, and adoptable enquirement is as follows：
Ask：What is completed
Answer：Close the left and right landing light selecting switch on upper plate exterior lighting panel.
Ask：Why
Answer：Aircraft flight is to no longer needing exterior lighting, energy saving after certain altitude.
Ask：Do where
Answer：Driving cabin.
Ask：Why herein
Answer：Driving cabin is the place of driver's work.
Ask：When close
Answer：After flying height is more than 10000ft.
Ask：Why close at this moment
Answer：Below 10000ft had better not carry out needing to spend time taking operation auxiliary equipment to work.
Ask：Whom closed by
Answer：Driver.
Ask：Driver why is needed to operate
Answer：Driving cabin can not possibly have other people.
Ask：How to do
Answer：Driver stretches out a hand, the left and right landing light on upper plate exterior lighting panel is pressed with forefinger and selects to open
Pass closes it, withdraws hand.
Ask：Why he will so close
Answer：It is adapted to by the thing for compressing switch without other again in driving cabin.
The enquirement of other operations in ramp-up period operating process is as above.
By above rule analysis, the 5W1H of each task/operation can be understood.
Sub-step 116：The usage frequency of statistics action
By being analyzed the operational motion it is recognized that driver to the operation for being recorded, and to action usage frequency
Counted (for example, using man-machine interaction mode).Further, it is also possible to be screened to statistics, Outliers are rejected.
Sub-step 118：Draw therbligs.
The program performed based on more than and operation note, task analysis, rule analysis, action usage frequency statistics, can be with
Determine elemental motion (that is, therbligs) feature set.Operation of the driver in flight course is although ever-changing, but it completes to appoint
A series of actions of business, can be made up of some elemental motions, and these elemental motions are used as therbligs.
Step 120：Checking therbligs reliability.
For based on the therbligs that flight operation draws is performed, bus therbligs reliability can be verified with many-side.For example, each
The applicable scope of therbligs, the reliability for being applied to different type of machines etc..As an example, the present invention is with the basic operation of pilot
Behavior is analyzed as reference, after by six big principles and ECRS analysis operations flow and operating procedure, it is determined that 19
Individual elemental motion, this 19 elemental motions are also called 19 therbligs.The title of the basic therbligs for below using and definition only conduct
Example and it is unrestricted, those skilled in the art can be based on principle of the invention for other airborne vehicles basic operation behavior come
Corresponding therbligs is defined, without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.
Therbligs title, definition
(1) stretch out (Reach-Rh)
Definition：The movement of empty-handed or pin, stretches to target.
Starting point：When hand or pin start initially towards the moment of purpose thing.
Terminal：When the moment that hand or pin arrive at purpose thing terminates.
Analysis：
1. towards during purpose thing or when a certain therbligs completes defensive position or pin must stretch back there is " stretching out " therbligs in hand or pin.
2. " stretching out " in way often has " pre-determined bit " association.
3. " stretch out " and often occur after " relieving ", or occurred before " taking ", " pressing " or " stepping on ".
(2) taking (Grasp-Gp)
Definition：Object is fully controlled using finger or palm.
Starting point：When finger or palm are around an object, it is intended to control the moment of the object to start.
Terminal：When object, fully controlled moment terminates.
Analysis：
1. the continuous taking after object is fully controlled referred to as " is handled ".
2. the definition of this therbligs focuses on finger or palm around object, wears gloves taking and also should be attributed to " hold
Take " because the purpose of gloves is to protect hand.
3. " taking " often occurs between " stretching out " and " handling ".
(3) (Whirl-Wl) is rotated
Definition：Object is operated around a central shaft.
Starting point：Start the moment of its circumferentially setting in motion the power that object applies to point to the center of circle along radius.
Terminal：The moment that object recovers inactive state terminates.
Analysis：
1. this therbligs often occurs between " taking " and " relieving ", thereafter often with " inspection ".
2. operate more skillfully, this therbligs time is shorter.
(4) (Press-Ps) is pressed
Definition：The effect of power is imposed to object using finger or palm to change object status.
Starting point：When finger or palm contacts object, it is intended to start the moment of the object applying power.
Terminal：The moment terminated to the process of object applying power.
Analysis：
1. " press " and generally include following three situation：
A. by static, now suffered maximum of making a concerted effort.
B. object speed reaches maximum, suffered to make a concerted effort to be zero.
C. finger or palm terminate to object force, and object recovers static.
2. " press " and often occur after " stretching out ".
(5) (Pull Out-PO) is extracted
Definition：To object applying power so that object is moved to the direction that power is originated.
Starting point：Start the moment of the effect to object applying power.
Terminal：The moment that the effect of power terminates.
Analysis：
1. can be with " pressing " after this therbligs.
2. the connection and tightness the time required to " extracting " often with object are relevant.
(6) step on (Tread-Td)
Definition：Object is fully controlled using pin.
Starting point：When pin touches object, it is intended to control the moment of the object to start.
Terminal：When object, fully controlled moment terminates.
Analysis：
1. this therbligs can not be cancelled.
2. it is similar with " taking ", step on and often occur between " stretching out " and " handling ".
(7) (Release-Re) is decontroled
Definition：Controlled object is decontroled.
Starting point：The moment that hand or pin initially move off object starts.
Terminal：The moment that hand or pin leave object completely terminates.
Analysis：
1. it is the opposite therbligs of " taking " " handling ", is time-consuming minimum in all therbligs.
2. the main forms in driver's operating process " are decontroled " to be picked and placeed out to touch.
3. extensive interpretation, a part of body controls the releasing of object state, can also be considered as " relieving ".
(8) (Inspect-It) is checked
Definition：Whether inspection things satisfies the criteria.
Starting point：Start the moment of checkout facility things.
Terminal：The result whether acceptable moment being determined.
Analysis：
1. this therbligs be the thing of eye fixation one, and brain judging whether it is qualified.
2. this therbligs it is important that the reaction of psychology.
When 3. checking, according to operational circumstances often with functions such as vision, the sense of hearing, tactiles.
(9) quote (Report-Rt)
Definition：Brief description to present case is made by Expression of language.
Starting point：Start the moment for explaining the situation.
Terminal：The moment that situation explanation terminates.
Analysis：
1. this therbligs is normal after " inspection ".
2. this therbligs it is important that the uniformity of brain and mouth.
3. determined by the state of mind, the light condition etc. of people the time required to " quoting ".
(10) (Search-Sh) is found
Definition：Eyes or hand grope a destination locations.
Starting point：Eyes start the moment for being devoted to finding.
Terminal：Project is it has been found that moment.
Analysis：
1. the therbligs of psychological activity is focused on.
2. more complexity is operated, remembers more unstable, searching is time-consuming the more.
(11) (Select-St) is selected
Definition：From similar projects, one of them is chosen.
Starting point：The emphasis of searching is the starting point of selection.
Terminal：Project is selected.
Analysis：
1. occur typically between " stretching out " and " taking ".
2. it is often compound with " taking " to occur
3. project is smaller, selects more time-consuming.
(12) (Plan-Pn) is planned
Definition：During operation is carried out, to determine the consideration that next step is done.
Starting point：Start the moment for considering.
Terminal：Determine the moment of action.
Analysis：
1. in operation, this therbligs is entirely the think time of psychology, and very difficult correctly observing is come.
2. it is often compound with other therbligs to occur.
3. operate more skillfully, the time of this therbligs is shorter.
(13) handle (Hold-Hd)
Definition：Finger or the continuous taking object of palm and remains stationary state.
Starting point：Started object fixation in the moment in a certain orientation with hand.
Terminal：When object in a certain orientation, and need not start the moment of a time therbligs by fixation again.
Analysis：
1. continuous " taking " midway stops suddenly.
2. safeguard that body also should be regarded as " handling " with diagonal imbalance.
(14) (Position-Ps) is positioned
Definition：Object is put the action carried out for the purpose of particular orientation.
Starting point：Start to reverse or slide the moment of object a to orientation.
Terminal：Object has been placed in the moment in correct orientation.
Analysis：
1. alignment has following situation everywhere：
A. according to necessarily to direction be aligned.
B. several directions.
C. any direction.
2. often with " relieving " after this therbligs.
(15) pre-determined bit (Pre-Position-PP)
Definition：By object in position prior to alignment, first put in preparation alignment position.
Origin And Destination：It is identical with " positioning " terminus.
Analysis：
1. seldom individually occur, it is nearly all compound with other therbligs to occur.
2. the very difficult correct differentiation of its terminus.
(16) (Rest-Rt) is rested
Definition：Driver is stopped.
Starting point：The moment being stopped.
Terminal：The moment resumed work.
Analysis：
1. occur generally between operation cycle and operation cycle.
2. depending on the short-sighted flight progress of the length of time of having a rest.
(17) delay (Unavoidable Delay-UD)
Definition：In operation, occur because of uncontrollable factor it is inevitable delay, make operating interruptions.
Starting point：Start the moment of waiting.
Terminal：Waiting terminates, and continues the moment resumed work.
Analysis：
1. because program needs, and waiting facilities or other people work, or wait to be tested etc..
2. driver's greenly or personal habits and cause and delay.
(18) thus prolong (Avoidable Delay-AD)
Definition：In operation sequence, operating interruptions are made because of the accident of driver (intentional or carelessness).
Starting point：Start the moment paused.
Terminal：The moment of start-up operation.
Analysis：
1. when this kind of " therefore prolonging " occurs, it is not necessary to take change whole operation program into account.
2. " therefore prolonging " is typically due to driver's method of work mistake, caused by not noting or neglecting.
(19) (Find-Fd) is found
Definition：The snap action that things has found.
Starting point：Eyes begin look for the moment of things.
Terminal：Eyes have found the moment of things.
Above therbligs collects and obtains table 2 below.
The therbligs table of table 2
Step 122：Determine coding rule.
Before driver's basic operation behavior coding is carried out, some basic principles are formulated, for example：Uniqueness, opening
Property, terseness, normalization, uniformity, adaptability, generalization, stability, identifiability and operability, it is strict during coding
In accordance with above principle.
Step 124：Establishment code.
After coding rule is set up, for driver, each operational motion can be encoded respectively, determine that its is unique
Mark, such that it is able to show with passing through code simple and clear office staff operation reference actions.Complete code structure includes behaviour
Make main body, action, operation object, place and error-preventive design, by abbreviated code, sequence code, condition code, position code, time
Code and verification representation, the position of these yards can exchange.
Code as coded object unique mark, except can accurate definition main body, action, operation object, time, carry
For coded object for information about, outside the content such as classification, attribute, feature of reflection coded object, can also be artificial comprising being reduced
The measure code of mistake and avoid code transfer omit redundant code.
(1) abbreviated code
Due to the operating main body being related in driver's actual mechanical process --- the body part of people is less, and driver
Basic operation therbligs is less (for example, the present invention provide as an example 19 therbligs), therefore can use mnemonic code form, just
In grasp.Mnemonic code is the most frequently used one kind in abbreviated code, and it extracts several by by the title of coded object, specification etc. are chosen
Individual crucial letter, as the part in code or code after reducing the staff, is memonic by the mode of association, readily appreciates.
Represent operating main body and elemental motion by abbreviated code, body part and elemental motion abbreviated code and its binary representation are as follows
Shown in table 3.
The body part of table 3 and elemental motion abbreviated code and its binary representation
(2) sequence code
In a certain mission phase of aircraft, multi-pass operation same target is may relate to, or in once-through operation object
During same elemental motion is repeated several times, it is therefore desirable to sequence code come to act order be accurately positioned so that table
Reveal process variances.Sequence code is a kind of most simple, the most frequently used code, and it is to assign the Native digits of order or letter to compile
Code object.Coding is simple, easy to use, it is easy to manage, it is easy to add, to the order of coded object without any regulation.
(3) condition code
In order to keep the continuity of action, it is to avoid the action in driver's operating process is omitted, it is artificial poor to be reduced or avoided
Mistake, the attribute of elemental motion is divided into following three class by us, and is represented with condition code, selects suitable when using as needed
Code is simultaneously combined by putting in order for predetermined face.
Condition code (combinations of features code) is usually used in facet classification system, and it is by its same logic when coded object is classified
If feature or attribute are divided into dried noodle, classification is encoded respectively by its rule in each face, selects its each face when using as needed
In code and combined by putting in order for predetermined face.Code structure has preferably flexibility, can be individual event,
It can also be multinomial combination.Because condition code is classified by facet, then change and expand convenient, a condition code can both reflect entirely
The information characteristics of record, can be used separately reflection information local characteristicses again, using very flexibly, be particularly adapted to dynamic combined
Quick search, summation etc. are operated, and the use value of condition code is especially big in the design of information management system.But condition code
Code capacity utilization rate is low.
Driver's basic operation behavior property classification and its concrete meaning are as shown in table 4 below.If driver's operational motion
Condition code requirement is not met, it may be considered that cause it to note with alarm.
The behavior property classification of table 4 and its binary representation
(4) position code
Because operation object refers to the object that uses in certain particular flight stage, needs position encoded to operation object are examined
Content of both considering：Mission phase and use object.Aircraft flight phases are more refined, cockpit is more, if only
It is that all stages and equipment are proceeded by into simple code from 1, the hash routine of code can be increased on the contrary, therefore can be by layer
Subcategory number writes code by the way of successively being split to part from entirety.
A kind of conventional code for linear classification system of layer code, it is to be by the subordinate of object of classification, hierarchical relationship
A kind of code for putting in order.Code is divided into some levels during coding, the taxonomical hierarchy with coded object is corresponding.Can be bright
Really show the classification of object of classification, code has strict membership in itself, and each level code all has certain implication, structure
Simply, capacity is big, is easy to computer to sue for peace and collects.Need to first classify when designing this code, encode and formulate classification declaration afterwards.
Additionally, for cockpit, in order to embody the resemblance of equipment, restriction action class from coding
Type, can be defined to its profile with a kind of characteristic value, thus cockpit position code be actually by layer code and
State position feature value (position feature confirms that such as Fig. 3 shows aircraft one-level position feature schematic diagram according to aircraft configuration,
Other 2,3 grades can be refined according to diverse location) common expression, this representation is a kind of compound key.Compound key is
It is made up of two or more complete independent codes, with larger flexibility, it is easy to expand, identification division uses spirit
It is living.
Therefore, the compound key being made up of layer code and condition code can obtain and pilot flying's operating process in use
The clear expression of the operation object position arrived.Mission phase layer code and operation equipment characteristic value are as shown in table 5 and table 6.
The mission phase layer code of table 5 and its binary representation
The profile characteristic value of table 6 and its binary representation
(5) timing code
It is generally believed that in the accident of civil aviaton, accident accounts for the ratio of total number of accident and is not less than 70% caused by human error.
Once appearance action missing in manipulation process, its consequence will be very serious, or even great aviation disaster accident occurs.In order to
The omission of driver's operational motion is avoided, we define driver and must at the appointed time connect a certain dynamic by condition code
Make fundamentally to avoid action from lacking, and the time for being related among these includes action duration in itself, and
The action completes moment to the time of next action beginning.By being represented the time by timing code, that is, compiling
Time attribute is added in code, timing code form is：XxHxxMxxS, xx therein represents numeral.
(6) check code
Check code is usually to be characterized by the check bit in coding structure.This code is consciously in the knot of original code
In structure design, by the mathematical method of prior regulation, calculate check code and be attached in original code, when using together with original code
Input, this computer-chronograph can use same mathematical algorithms, and check bit is calculated by the code digit being input into, and by it with it is defeated
Enter check bit to be compared, to check the operation code of input whether wrong.
By taking the elemental motion that ramp-up period is related to as an example, each action is encoded, obtain benchmark as shown in table 7
The sequence of operation.
The ramp-up period code of table 7
Note：
1. the digit and concrete numerical value of above operation code are merely illustrative, can design as needed in practice.
2. check code is calculated each action code by computer CRC algorithm, forms 5 bit checks code, above by
XXXXX represents that occurrence is automatically generated in generation is encoded by computer.
3. latter 8 in position code are the unique marks according to equipment under aircraft configuration, can by hierachical decomposition method by
Layer is decomposed, the coding of all devices that this patent is carried out with A320 aircrafts as source.
4. timing code is divided into before action and this 2 times of duration.
Flight operation error detection
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided the solution of pilot operator error detection and step is realized, such as
It is following detailed description of.
Fig. 4 shows the block diagram of airplane operation error detection system according to an embodiment of the invention.The mistake is visited
Examining system may include：Information gathering component 410, for gathering aircraft parameter；Operation encoding pack 420, for basis by information
The aircraft parameter of the collection of acquisition component 410 come estimate performed operation and according to scheduled operation encoding scheme to each operate into
Row encodes to form the sequence of operation；Operations Analyst component 430, for whether including mistake come evaluation operation sequence based on consensus sequence
Maloperation simultaneously determines whether to produce alarm based on faulty operation.The error detection system also optionally includes alarm component 440,
For the generation alarm when Operations Analyst component 430 determines to produce alarm.The following specifically describes the operation of each component.
Information gathering component 410 can gather the output number for manipulating relevant device by the bus in aircraft and data-interface
According to including but not limited to：The side-play amount of control stick, stroke；Flight parameter (including attitude, speed, acceleration, height etc. are basic
Flying quality)；The current state (including indicator lamp, button, knob position) of functional unit；Functional unit transformation period (including
Gps time, peration data transformation period)；Aircraft Major Systems and equipment current data (including engine, fuel oil, undercarriage
Deng).For example, information gathering component 410 may include：AFDX capture cards, for gathering by the aircraft of ARINC664 bus transfers
The aircraft parameters such as position, attitude, avionics parameter, engine parameter, fuel oil parameter, alarm parameter；ARINC429 capture cards, are used for
The power system parameters such as the systematic parameter that collection passes through ARINC429 bus transfers, undercarriage, hydraulic pressure, fuel oil；Discrete magnitude
Capture card, for gathering the control information such as aircraft brake, undercarriage, engine；Operating walk way analog acquisition card, for gathering
The analog signalses of the operation generation of commanding apparatus (including side lever, pedal, throttle platform, control panel etc.) are simultaneously digitized.
Operation encoding pack 420 can be according to the change of aircraft state (for example, the aircraft gathered by information gathering component 410
Parameter) carry out the action that pilot estimation is taken, the sequence of operation is formed according to scheduled operation encoding scheme.Specifically, according to
Estimated pilot's action, operation encoding pack 420 can be according to operation behavior encoding scheme as described above to flight
A series of actions that member performs is encoded successively, and the sequence of operation is formed in real time.The sequence of operation can have with it is as shown in table 7
The similar structure of consensus sequence.
Whether Operations Analyst component 430 differently can include that mistake is grasped according to consensus sequence come evaluation operation sequence
Make and determine whether to produce alarm based on faulty operation.In one embodiment, Operations Analyst component 430 can by the sequence of operation with
Whether consensus sequence is made comparisons with the faulty operation for determining the sequence of operation to include and not being inconsistent with consensus sequence.In further embodiment
In, the state of flight that Operations Analyst component 430 can be according to residing for aircraft is entered with the sequence of operation selecting appropriate consensus sequence
Row compares.For example, consensus sequence can include the database of concordance list, thus Operations Analyst component 430 can rapidly from
Appropriate consensus sequence is positioned in the database to be made comparisons with the sequence of operation.In a further embodiment, Operations Analyst group
Part 430 can determine the accident probability being associated with the faulty operation when faulty operation is found.Operations Analyst component 430 can be with
The accident probability that statistics is associated with the faulty operation in the sequence of operation is to generate accumulation accident probability and general in accumulation accident
Determine to produce alarm when rate exceedes danger threshold.Be can determine that when accumulation accident probability is less than danger threshold and do not produce alarm,
To avoid unnecessary false-alarm.
Alarm component 440 can the generation alarm when Operations Analyst component 430 determines to produce alarm.For example, when operation point
Analysis component 430 can provide alarm command when determining to produce alarm to alarm component 440, and alarm component 440 is correspondingly generated
Alarm.Alarm component 440 can be exclusively used in the airplane operation error detection system alarm component, or with flight be
Component altogether, such as unit warning system, aircraft control display screen etc..Operations Analyst component 430 can be according to degree of danger
(for example, accident probability) selects different alarm levels and/or accident alert mode, to cause alarm component 440 by difference
Mode proposes alarm.Alarm level may include at least one of such as warning, attention, prompting, state grade.Accident alerts mould
Formula may include for example to be alerted to crew and/or by OMS (airborne maintenance by cas system (unit warning system)
System) record warning information.For example, the method that can be shown by voice and CAS message, is proposed according to alarm level to pilot
Alarm.Alarm can be carried out by modes such as voice, warning light, page prompts, and specific alarm level needs different type of machines specific
Defined in design.Specific alarm level definition and alarm lifting definition will alert theory to design according to overall aircraft.As people
It is the alarm of mistake, for example, may be defined as more than Advise (prompting) level.
Fig. 5 shows alarm schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the invention.Under normal circumstances, aircraft system will be flown and be joined
Number is supplied to display controller, so as to be shown over the display.For example, display controller passes through DF data files
ARINC661 buses are sent to display unit, and display can be by ARINC661 protocol analysis DF files, and according to agreement about
Surely picture is carried out to show (for example, PDF pictures show, ND pictures show, EICAS pictures show).Correspondingly, in Operations Analyst
In the case that component 430 determines to produce picture display alarm, warning information can be sent to aircraft system by Operations Analyst component 430
System or display controller, so as to correspondingly carry out alarm show.As described above, aircraft system can also be by its other party
Formula produces alarm, such as audible alarm, light alarm etc..
Below it is non-limiting as an example, illustrate that Operations Analyst component 430 determines that faulty operation causes the probability of accident
Some embodiments.
According to one embodiment of present invention, each operation can be associated with predefined accident probability.In behaviour
The component 430 that performs an analysis finds the accident probability that can determine to be associated with the faulty operation during faulty operation, and in operation sequence
Occur that the accumulation accident probability of these faulty operations can be determined during multiple faulty operations in row.For example, Operations Analyst component 430
Accumulation accident probability can be generated by calculating the weighted value of the accident probability that be associated with the faulty operation in the sequence of operation.When
When accumulation accident probability exceedes danger threshold, Operations Analyst component 430 makes alarm component 440 produce alarm.
According to another embodiment of the invention, can be operated come estimation error in real time based on artificial intelligence system
The accident probability being likely to result in.Non-limiting as an example, the artificial intelligence system can take PDA (perception, decision-making, action)
Model carrys out the probability that estimation error operation is likely to result in accident.PDA models are the driving cabin human errors based on Cognitive Reliability
Analysis model, the model is theoretical according to human information processing and combines cognitive psychology and engineering psychology theory, by flying machine
The cognitive process of group personnel is divided into information Perception (P, Perception), diagnoses and make a policy (D, Decision) and performs
Action (A, Action) three awareness stages.PDA models can simulate the mankind to be recognized when execution is acted in perception, decision-making and action
Know the behavior generation path experienced in the stage.According to the present invention, Operations Analyst component 430 can set up consensus sequence and the sequence of operation
Incidence matrix, and come whether evaluation operation sequence includes that faulty operation and faulty operation are likely to result in thing using PDA models
Therefore accident probability.Specifically, PDA models can be simulated and cause the behavior of the faulty operation to generate path, calculate behavior life
Into the quantitative evaluation value that the multiple influence factor PIF on path cause the accident, summation is weighted with life to each quantitative evaluation value
Make comparisons into accumulation accident probability and with danger threshold to determine whether generation alarm, reference picture 6 is retouched as discussed further below
State.
Fig. 6 shows PDA model frameworks according to an embodiment of the invention.As described above, PDA moulds can be used
Type carrys out the probability that estimation error operation is likely to result in accident.The PDA model frameworks possess two features：First, the letter of pilot
Breath processing shows as a series of stages, and the function in each stage is that information is transformed into certain other operation；Second, the model
The backfeed loop of bottom shows do not have fixed starting point in the program of Information procession, and processing can stress from the driving cabin on the left side
Input (for example, incidence matrix of consensus sequence and the sequence of operation for detecting) starts, or the journey for wanting to start from pilot
Somewhere starting in the middle of sequence.Together with stress generally being maintained close ties with the way of certain closed loop with human error：Work as mistake
When there is (and we are aware that), they can induce stress；When exist it is high-caliber stress when, mistake be easier occur.Fly
The operating process of row crew is the set of many subtasks, and each subtask is made up of many operational motions again.Cause
The completion of this task is to export operational motion by P-D-A cognition circulations repeatedly, and then combination completes operation task
Process.
Each awareness stage includes multiple behavior types in PDA models, and cockpit crew is in specific environment
A goal behavior type is completed by using correct cognitive strategy under background.PDA models people various do not go together
It is type, for example, can shows the behavioural characteristic of pilot, including faulty operation, fatigue, mental handicape etc..Each behavior type
There are various behavior failure modes, such as the mistake produced in flight course performs reaction (i.e. faulty operation).The model can
Introduce the description influence factor such as cockpit crew's behavior and local environment background (PIF, Performance Influence
Factors).Non-limiting as an example, the PIF factors may include pilot's physical factors (for example, sensation, consciousness), pilot
Mental state (for example it is to be noted that power), pilot's recall info (working memory, long-term memory), pilot's personality factors, unit phase
Pass factor, environmental factor (for example, driving cabin environment, external environment), tissue correlative factor etc..These PIF factor joint effects
The Tactic selection of pilot and performs reaction (that is, operation).Therefore, pilot in the task of completion may these itself or
The action for making mistake is done under extraneous PIF influence factors interference, that is, human error occurs.Each PIF influence factor can have correlation
The predefined PIF quantitative evaluations value of connection.For example, PIF quantitative evaluations value can be the frequency occurred based on priori aircraft accident event
What rate was estimated, such as there is fatigue or faulty operation occurs flight operation is red in pilot, in the flight thing for having occurred
The operation is latency in part, then the PIF quantitative evaluations value of the PIF factors of influence is just high.On the other hand, it is determined that PIF
During quantitative evaluation value can will statistics and scholarly forecast be combined, and can according to the collection of subsequent flights event accident and specially
Family changes PIF quantitative evaluation values to the understanding of correlation factor.
The process of cockpit crew's mistake quantitative assessment is：
(1) consensus sequence is determined according to aerial mission.For example, (such as Operations Analyst component) can be divided aerial mission
Analysis, decomposes aviation accident and incident, determines the operational motion (that is, consensus sequence) that should be used in aviation accident and incident.
(2) incidence matrix of consensus sequence and the sequence of operation is set up.PDA models can be according to the incidence matrix come evaluation operation
Whether sequence includes faulty operation.
(3) simulation causes the behavior of faulty operation to generate path.For example, PDA models may be selected cockpit crew performing
The cognitive strategy that is used during faulty operation simultaneously determines that behavior generates path.
(4) to the PIF (pilots of cockpit crew's operating environment and self-condition present on behavior generation path
Evaluation points) carry out quantifying marking evaluation.Each PIF quantitative evaluations value can be increased or be reduced artificial based on corresponding weight
The probability that mistake occurs.
(5) evaluation result of the quantification on accumulation accident probability is exported.
PDA models both can be used for the emulation of backtracking property, it is also possible to which being predicted property is emulated.When the emulation of backtracking property is carried out,
Behavior can be determined by the cognitive strategy analyzed cockpit crew's behavior failure that occur during P-D-A and use
Generation path and corresponding PIF, quantitative evaluation is carried out to each PIF, you can is counted pilot generation human error and is caused to fly
Act the probability (for example, summation is weighted to all PIF quantitative evaluations values) of event；When being predicted property is emulated, people is studied
The cognitive strategy that member is by combining different behavior types during P-D-A, failure mode and crew may use is come mould
Intend the behavior generation path that in-flight human error occurs, and by generating the PIF amounts of carrying out that path is related to the behavior
Change assessment, so as to predict that human error causes the probability of aircraft accident (for example, being weighted always to all PIF quantitative evaluations values
With).When error probability exceedes danger threshold, alarm component 440 can produce alarm.
Fig. 7 shows the flow chart of airplane operation error detection method according to an embodiment of the invention.
In step 710, aircraft parameter can be gathered, performed operation and basis are estimated according to the aircraft parameter for being gathered
Scheduled operation encoding scheme is encoded to form the sequence of operation to each operation.
In step 720, whether faulty operation can be included come evaluation operation sequence according to consensus sequence.For example, can be described
Whether the sequence of operation is made comparisons with the mistake for determining the sequence of operation to include and not being inconsistent with consensus sequence with the consensus sequence from java standard library
Maloperation.In one embodiment, state of flight that can be according to residing for aircraft come select appropriate consensus sequence with operation sequence
Row are compared.
In step 730, faulty operation can be analyzed.For example, each operation can be related to predefined accident probability
Connection, step 730 may include to count the accident probability being associated with the faulty operation in the sequence of operation to generate accumulation accident probability.
In a further embodiment, step 730 may include the accident probability being associated with the faulty operation in the sequence of operation by calculating
Weighted value generate accumulation accident probability.
In another embodiment, step 720 and 730 can be used PDA (perception, decision-making and action) models to perform, even if
Whether with PDA models comprising faulty operation and the accident probability of accident is likely to result in come evaluation operation sequence.Specifically, should
PDA models can assess the quantizations that cause the accident of multiple influence factor PIF for causing the behavior of faulty operation to generate on path and comment
Valuation, and each quantitative evaluation value is weighted summation to generate accumulation accident probability.
In step 740, can determine whether to produce alarm based on faulty operation.For example, can be in the accumulation accident of faulty operation
Control signal is generated when probability exceedes danger threshold to produce alarm.Alarm can be audible alarm, presentation of information alarm, light
At least one of display alarm.On the one hand, also warning information can be recorded by onboard maintenance system.
In optional step 750, it may be determined that alarm level based on accumulation accident probability (for example, produce different stage
Alarm, such as warning, attention, prompting, state grade).
As above, by calculating the accumulation accident probability of the sequence of operation and the life when accumulation accident probability exceedes danger threshold
Into alarm signal, it is possible to reduce false-alarm.For example, the extra behaviour for not influenceing aircraft normal flight beyond it there is consensus sequence
Make, or the operation of some of consensus sequence differently, order performs but the final feelings for not influenceing aircraft normal flight
Under condition, the accumulation accident probability of these operations is less than danger threshold, so as to false-alarm will not be produced.
After the operation behavior of driver being analyzed by data encording system and acquisition system, sorted out, encoding, lead to
Cross with setting standard code database data inquired about, compare and time lines matching after, find out driver's operational motion
Mistake or error, calculating is compared according to characteristic value, estimates the probability of issuable human error's accident and event, and by accusing
Alert display function, shows the alarm of different stage in EICAS (engine is indicated and unit warning system) information.
System emulation implementation result
This patent implementer is compiled driver's operation behavior according to domestic and international ripe type pilot operation procedure
Code, and intelligent assessment is carried out with the coding of correct record, determine whether operator's behavioural characteristic meets correct operation behavior,
And the behavior to being likely to result in human error's accident/event sign carries out early warning, CAS message is produced.System is to C919 type machines portion
Point operation behavior and modes of display operation are emulated, encouraged and monitored.Act to verify by drive simulating person's operating trouble
The human error of the operation of driver can be detected, is identified, by early warning.
Alerted in time in generation mistake during flight operation present invention can apply to aircraft pilot and point out flight
Member notes, so as to avoid or reduce the aircraft accident and event caused by human error.Method proposed by the invention, system and
Design will provide good practical basis for international aircraft human factor research, will also be widely applied to aircraft pilot people
For in the exploitation of error detection equipment and system.Other airborne vehicles the present disclosure applies equally to need manual operation.
Embodiments of the invention are described above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but the invention is not limited in above-mentioned specific
Implementation method, above-mentioned specific embodiment is only schematical, rather than restricted, one of ordinary skill in the art
Under enlightenment of the invention, in the case of present inventive concept and scope of the claimed protection is not departed from, can also make a lot
Form, these are belonged within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (32)
1. a kind of airplane operation error detection system, including：
Information gathering component, for gathering aircraft parameter；
Operation encoding pack, for estimating performed operation according to the aircraft parameter gathered by described information acquisition component simultaneously
Each operation is encoded to form the sequence of operation according to scheduled operation encoding scheme；And
Operations Analyst component, for assessing whether the sequence of operation includes faulty operation and based on mistake according to consensus sequence
Operation determines whether to produce alarm.
2. airplane operation error detection system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the Operations Analyst component will be described
Whether the sequence of operation is made comparisons with the mistake for determining the sequence of operation to include and not being inconsistent with the consensus sequence with the consensus sequence
Maloperation.
3. airplane operation error detection system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the Operations Analyst component is according to flying
State of flight residing for machine selects appropriate consensus sequence to assess the sequence of operation.
4. airplane operation error detection system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that each operation and predefined accident
Probability correlation joins, and the accident probability that the Operations Analyst component statistics is associated with the faulty operation in the sequence of operation is with life
Into accumulation accident probability, and determine to produce alarm when the accumulation accident probability exceedes danger threshold.
5. airplane operation error detection system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the Operations Analyst Assembly calculation with
The weighted value of the associated accident probability of faulty operation in the sequence of operation generates accumulation accident probability.
6. airplane operation error detection system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the Operations Analyst component is based on
PDA models assess the accident probability that the sequence of operation is likely to result in accident, and the PDA models include on perceiving P, decision-making
The cognition of D and action A.
7. airplane operation error detection system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the Operations Analyst component sets up institute
The incidence matrix of consensus sequence and the sequence of operation is stated, and assesses whether the sequence of operation wraps using the PDA models
Include faulty operation and the faulty operation is likely to result in the accident probability of accident.
8. airplane operation error detection system as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the PDA modelings cause institute
The behavior generation path of faulty operation is stated, the behavior generation path includes the multiple influence factors for making pilot perform operation
PIF, the quantitative evaluation value that the multiple influence factor PIF on behavior generation path described in the PDA model evaluations cause the accident, and
Summation is weighted to the quantitative evaluation value to generate accumulation accident probability, and exceedes danger in the accumulation accident probability
Determine to produce alarm during threshold value.
9. airplane operation error detection system as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that the multiple influence factor PIF bags
Include it is following at least one：Pilot's physical factors, pilot's mental state, pilot's recall info, pilot's personality factors, machine
Group correlative factor, environmental factor, tissue correlative factor.
10. airplane operation error detection system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the alarm includes warning, note
At least one of meaning, prompting, state grade.
11. airplane operation error detection systems as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that also include：
Alarm component, it produces audible alarm, presentation of information alarm, lamp when the Operations Analyst component determines to produce alarm
At least one of light display alarm.
12. airplane operation error detection systems as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also including onboard maintenance system with
Record warning information.
13. airplane operation error detection systems as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the aircraft parameter includes following
At least one：
The side-play amount of control stick, stroke；
Flight parameter；
The current state of functional unit；
Functional unit transformation period；And
The current data of aircraft components.
14. airplane operation error detection systems as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the sequence of operation and benchmark sequence
In row each operation be encoded into including it is following one or more：
Represent the abbreviated code of operating main body and action；
Represent the sequence code of running order；
Represent the condition code of operational attribute；
Represent the position code of operation object position；
Represent the timing code of operating time；And
For verification operation coding whether correct check code.
15. airplane operation error detection systems as claimed in claim 14, it is characterised in that the operational attribute includes operation
At least one of plyability, connectivity, the property of can read.
16. airplane operation error detection systems as claimed in claim 14, it is characterised in that the operating time includes operation
At the beginning of between, the duration, and/or with the previously/time interval of subsequent operation.
A kind of 17. airplane operation error detection methods, including：
Collection aircraft parameter；
Estimated according to the aircraft parameter for being gathered performed operation and according to scheduled operation encoding scheme to each operate into
Row encodes to form the sequence of operation；
Assess whether the sequence of operation includes faulty operation according to consensus sequence；And
Determine whether to produce alarm based on faulty operation.
18. airplane operation error detection methods as claimed in claim 17, it is characterised in that also include：
The sequence of operation is made comparisons with the consensus sequence to determine whether the sequence of operation includes and the benchmark sequence
The faulty operation that row are not inconsistent.
19. airplane operation error detection methods as claimed in claim 17, it is characterised in that also include：
State of flight according to residing for aircraft selects appropriate consensus sequence to assess the sequence of operation.
20. airplane operation error detection methods as claimed in claim 17, it is characterised in that each operation and predefined thing
Therefore probability correlation joins, methods described also includes：
The accident probability being associated with the faulty operation in the sequence of operation is counted to generate accumulation accident probability, and in institute
Alarm is produced when stating accumulation accident probability more than danger threshold.
21. airplane operation error detection methods as claimed in claim 20, it is characterised in that also include：
The weighted value of the accident probability being associated with the faulty operation in the sequence of operation is calculated to generate accumulation accident probability.
22. airplane operation error detection methods as claimed in claim 17, it is characterised in that also include：
The accident probability that the sequence of operation is likely to result in accident is assessed based on PDA models, the PDA models are included on sense
Know the cognition of P, decision-making D and action A.
23. airplane operation error detection methods as claimed in claim 22, it is characterised in that also include：
Set up the incidence matrix of the consensus sequence and the sequence of operation；And
Assess whether the sequence of operation includes that faulty operation and the faulty operation are likely to result in using the PDA models
The accident probability of accident.
24. airplane operation error detection methods as claimed in claim 22, it is characterised in that the PDA modelings cause
The behavior generation path of the faulty operation, the behavior generation path includes the multiple influence factors for making pilot perform operation
PIF, the quantitative evaluation value that the multiple influence factor PIF on behavior generation path described in the PDA model evaluations cause the accident, and
Summation is weighted to the quantitative evaluation value to generate accumulation accident probability, and exceedes danger in the accumulation accident probability
Alarm is produced during threshold value.
25. airplane operation error detection methods as claimed in claim 24, it is characterised in that the multiple influence factor PIF
Including it is following at least one：Pilot's physical factors, pilot's mental state, pilot's recall info, pilot's personality factors,
Unit correlative factor, environmental factor, tissue correlative factor.
26. airplane operation error detection methods as claimed in claim 17, it is characterised in that the alarm includes warning, note
At least one of meaning, prompting, state grade.
27. airplane operation error detection methods as claimed in claim 17, it is characterised in that also include：
At least one of audible alarm, presentation of information alarm, light display alarm are produced when it is determined that to produce alarm.
28. airplane operation error detection methods as claimed in claim 17, it is characterised in that also include：
Warning information is recorded by onboard maintenance system.
29. airplane operation error detection methods as claimed in claim 17, it is characterised in that the aircraft parameter includes following
At least one：
The side-play amount of control stick, stroke；
Flight parameter；
The current state of functional unit；
Functional unit transformation period；And
The current data of aircraft components.
30. airplane operation error detection methods as claimed in claim 17, it is characterised in that the sequence of operation and benchmark sequence
In row each operation be encoded into including it is following one or more：
Represent the abbreviated code of operating main body and action；
Represent the sequence code of running order；
Represent the condition code of operational attribute；
Represent the position code of operation object position；
Represent the timing code of operating time；And
For verification operation coding whether correct check code.
31. airplane operation error detection methods as claimed in claim 30, it is characterised in that the operational attribute includes operation
At least one of plyability, connectivity, the property of can read.
32. airplane operation error detection methods as claimed in claim 30, it is characterised in that the operating time includes operation
At the beginning of between, the duration, and/or with the previously/time interval of subsequent operation.
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Address after: No.25 Zhangyang Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201210 Patentee after: COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT CORPORATION OF CHINA, Ltd. Patentee after: COMAC SHANGHAI AIRCRAFT DESIGN & Research Institute Address before: No. 25, Zhangyang Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201210 Patentee before: COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT CORPORATION OF CHINA, Ltd. Patentee before: COMAC SHANGHAI AIRCRAFT DESIGN & Research Institute |