具体实施方式
本发明的一种基于规则的英语作文语法错误纠正方法的具体实施方式分为如下三个步骤。
第一步骤:执行“英语作文预处理模块”
本发明实施方式中输入的英语作文的题目为“The employment of collegestudents”,其实施结果如下所述:
(1)下面是一篇英语作文内容:
Nowadays,the employment of college students are becoming more andmore of a problem,even for the students of MAT.About a decade ago,universitystudents could find satisfice and enviable jobs after graduation,while atcurrent situation,about 30%and even worst of graduate students can’t finds ajob and stay at home after graduation.Employment difficulty of collegestudents was due to the following reasons.Among these;the increasingrecruitment of colleges and universities play a vital role.On addition,manycolleges and universities fail to adapted them courses to the development ofeconomy.Considering such a rough job market,I think it is high time that wetaked effective measures to solve the problem.Above all,college studentsshould realize their own defects and further improve themselves to to keeptheir competitive edge in society.Moreover,colleges or university shouldprovide more trainings and internship opportunities before the students enterthe society.besides,college students should hold a right attitude towardsjobs and set their job expectations at a suitable level.Only through theseways can the college students find a satisfactory job and have brighterfuture.
(2)对上述英语作文进行单词词性标注后,生成单词词性标注如下所示:
Nowadays[nowadays/NN,nowadays/RB],[,/,]the[the/DT]employment[employment/NN]of[of/IN]college[college/NN]students[student/NNS]are[are/NN,be/VBP]becoming[becoming/JJ,becoming/NN,become/VBG]more[more/RP,many/JJR,much/JJR]and[and/CC]more[more/RP,many/JJR,much/JJR]of[of/IN]a[a/DT]problem[problem/NN],[,/,]even[even/JJ,even/NN,even/RB,even/VB,even/VBP]for[for/CC,for/IN,for/RP]the[the/DT]students[student/NNS]of[of/IN]MAT[MAT/NNP,mat/JJ,mat/NN].[./.]
About[about/IN,about/RP]a[a/DT]decade[decade/NN]ago[ago/IN,ago/JJ,ago/RB],[,/,]university[university/NN]students[student/NNS]could[can/MD]find[find/NN,find/VB,find/VBP]satisfice[satisfice/null]and[and/CC]enviable[enviable/JJ]jobs[job/NNS,job/VBZ]after[after/CC,after/IN,after/RB]graduation[graduation/NN],[,/,]while[while/IN,while/NN,while/VB,while/VBP]at[at/IN,at/RP]current[current/JJ,current/NN]situation[situation/NN],[,/,]about[about/IN,about/RP]30%[30%/null]and[and/CC]even[even/JJ,even/NN,even/RB,even/VB,even/VBP]worst[worst/NN,worst/VB,worst/VBP,bad/JJS,ill/JJS]of[of/IN]graduate[graduate/JJ,graduate/NN,graduate/VB,graduate/VBP]students[student/NNS]can[can/MD,can/NN,can/VB,can/VBP]’[’/null]t[t/null]finds[find/NNS,find/VBZ]a[a/DT]job[job/NN,job/VB,job/VBP]and[and/CC]stay[stay/NN,stay/VB,stay/VBP]at[at/IN,at/RP]home[home/JJ,home/NN,home/VB,home/VBP]after[after/CC,after/IN,after/RB]graduation[graduation/NN].[./.]
Employment[employment/NN]difficulty[difficulty/NN]of[of/IN]college[college/NN]students[student/NNS]was[be/VBD]due[due/JJ,due/NN]to[to/IN,to/TO]the[the/DT]following[following/IN,following/JJ,following/NN,follow/VBG]reasons[reason/NNS,reason/VBZ].[./.]
Among[among/IN]these[these/DT];[;/:]the[the/DT]increasing[increasing/JJ,increasing/NN,increase/VBG]recruitment[recruitment/NN]of[of/IN]colleges[college/NNS]and[and/CC]universities[university/NNS]play[play/NN,play/VB,play/VBP]a[a/DT]vital[vital/JJ,vital/NN]role[role/NN].[./.]
On[On/NNP,on/IN,on/JJ,on/RP]addition[addition/NN],[,/,]many[many/DT,many/PDT]colleges[college/NNS]and[and/CC]universities[university/NNS]fail[fail/NN,fail/VB,fail/VBP]to[to/IN,to/TO]adapted[adapted/JJ,adapt/VBD,adapt/VBN]them[them/PRP]courses[course/NNS,course/VBZ]to[to/IN,to/TO]the[the/DT]development[development/NN]of[of/IN]economy[economy/NN].[./.]
Considering[considering/NN,consider/VBG]such[such/DT,such/PDT]a[a/DT]rough[rough/JJ,rough/NN,rough/VB,rough/VBP]job[job/NN,job/VB,job/VBP]market[market/NN,market/VB,market/VBP],[,/,]I[I/PRP]think[think/VB,think/VBP]it[it/PRP]is[be/VBZ]high[high/JJ,high/NN,high/RP]time[time/JJ,time/NN,time/VB,time/VBP]that[that/DT,that/RP,that/WDT,that/WP]we[we/PRP]taked[taked/null]effective[effective/JJ]measures[measure/NNS,measure/VBZ]to[to/IN,to/TO]solve[solve/VB,solve/VBP]the[the/DT]problem[problem/NN].[./.]
Above[above/IN,above/JJ,above/NN]all[all/DT,all/JJ,all/NN,all/PDT],[,/,]college[college/NN]students[student/NNS]should[should/JJ,should/MD]realize[realize/VB,realize/VBP]their[their/PRP$]own[own/JJ,own/VB,own/VBP]defects[defect/NNS,defect/VBZ]and[and/CC]further[further/RB,further/VB,further/VBP,far/JJR]improve[improve/VB,improve/VBP]themselves[themselves/PRP]to[to/IN,to/TO]to[to/IN,to/TO]keep[keep/NN,keep/VB,keep/VBP]their[their/PRP$]competitive[competitive/JJ]edge[edge/JJ,edge/NN,edge/VB,edge/VBP]in[in/IN,in/NN,in/RP]society[society/NN].[./.]
Moreover[moreover/CC,moreover/RB],[,/,]colleges[college/NNS]or[or/CC,or/JJ,or/NN]university[university/NN]should[should/JJ,should/MD]provide[provide/VB,provide/VBP]more[more/RP]trainings[training/NNS]and[and/CC]internship[internship/NN]opportunities[opportunity/NNS]before[before/IN,before/RP]the[the/DT]students[student/NNS]enter[enter/VB,enter/VBP]the[the/DT]society[society/NN].[./.]
besides[besides/IN],[,/,]college[college/NN]students[student/NNS]should[should/JJ,should/MD]hold[hold/NN,hold/VB,hold/VBP]a[a/DT]right[right/JJ,right/NN,right/UH,right/VB,right/VBP]attitude[attitude/NN]towards[towards/IN]jobs[job/NNS,job/VBZ]and[and/CC]set[set/NN,set/VB,set/VBD,set/VBN,set/VBP]their[their/PRP$]job[job/NN,job/VB,job/VBP]expectations[expectation/NNS]at[at/IN,at/RP]a[a/DT]suitable[suitable/JJ]level[level/JJ,level/NN,level/VB,level/VBP].[./.]
Only[only/JJ,only/RB]through[through/IN,through/JJ,through/RP]these[these/DT]ways[way/NNS]can[can/MD,can/NN,can/VB,can/VBP]the[the/DT]college[college/NN]students[student/NNS]find[find/NN,find/VB,find/VBP]a[a/DT]satisfactory[satisfactory/JJ]job[job/NN,job/VB,job/VBP]and[and/CC]have[have/NN,have/VB,have/VBP]brighter[bright/JJR]future[future/JJ,future/NN].[./.]
(3)然后对上述词性标注后的英语作文进行短语切块并添加句子开始与结束标志后,生成短语切块格式如下所示:
<S>Nowadays[nowadays/NN,nowadays/RB,B-ADVP],[,/,,O]the[the/DT,B-NP-singular]employment[employment/NN,E-NP-singular]of[of/IN,B-PP]college[college/NN,B-NP-plural]students[student/NNS,E-NP-plural]are[are/NN,be/VBP,B-VP]becoming[becoming/JJ,becoming/NN,become/VBG,I-VP]more[more/RP,many/JJR,much/JJR,B-ADVP]and[and/CC,I-ADVP]more[more/RP,many/JJR,much/JJR,I-ADVP]of[of/IN,B-PP]a[a/DT,B-NP-singular]problem[problem/NN,E-NP-singular],[,/,,O]even[even/JJ,even/NN,even/RB,even/VB,even/VBP,B-PP]for[for/CC,for/IN,for/RP,I-PP]the[the/DT,B-NP-plural]students[student/NNS,E-NP-plural]of[of/IN,B-PP]MAT[MAT/NNP,mat/JJ,mat/NN].[./.,</S>]
<S>About[about/IN,about/RP,B-PP]a[a/DT,B-NP-singular]decade[decade/NN,E-NP-singular]ago[ago/IN,ago/JJ,ago/RB,B-ADVP],[,/,,O]university[university/NN,B-NP-plural]students[student/NNS,E-NP-plural]could[can/MD,B-VP]find[find/NN,find/VB,find/VBP,I-VP]satisfice[satisfice/null,B-NP-plural]and[and/CC,I-NP-plural]enviable[enviable/JJ,I-NP-plural]jobs[job/NNS,job/VBZ,E-NP-plural]after[after/CC,after/IN,after/RB,B-PP]graduation[graduation/NN,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular],[,/,,O]while[while/IN,while/NN,while/VB,while/VBP,B-ADVP]at[at/IN,at/RP,B-PP]current[current/JJ,current/NN,B-NP-singular]situation[situation/NN,E-NP-singular],[,/,,O]about[about/IN,about/RP,B-NP-singular]30%[30%/null]and[and/CC,O]even[even/JJ,even/NN,even/RB,even/VB,even/VBP,B-ADVP]worst[worst/NN,worst/VB,worst/VBP,bad/JJS,ill/JJS,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular]of[of/IN,B-PP]graduate[graduate/JJ,graduate/NN,graduate/VB,graduate/VBP,B-NP-plural]students[student/NNS,E-NP-plural]can[can/MD,can/NN,can/VB,can/VBP]’[’/null]t[t/null]finds[find/NNS,find/VBZ,I-VP]a[a/DT,B-NP-singular]job[job/NN,job/VB,job/VBP,E-NP-singular]and[and/CC,O]stay[stay/NN,stay/VB,stay/VBP,B-VP]at[at/IN,at/RP,B-PP]home[home/JJ,home/NN,home/VB,home/VBP,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular]after[after/CC,after/IN,after/RB,B-PP]graduation[graduation/NN,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular].[./.,</S>,O]
<S>Employment[employment/NN,B-NP-singular]difficulty[difficulty/NN,E-NP-singular]of[of/IN,B-PP]college[college/NN,B-NP-plural]students[student/NNS,E-NP-plural]was[be/VBD,B-VP]due[due/JJ,due/NN,B-ADJP]to[to/IN,to/TO,B-PP]the[the/DT,B-NP-plural]following[following/IN,following/JJ,following/NN,follow/VBG,I-NP-plural]reasons[reason/NNS,reason/VBZ,E-NP-plural].[./.,</S>,O]
<S>Among[among/IN,B-PP]these[these/DT,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular];[;/:,O]the[the/DT,B-NP-singular]increasing[increasing/JJ,increasing/NN,increase/VBG,I-NP-singular]recruitment[recruitment/NN,E-NP-singular]of[of/IN,B-PP]colleges[college/NNS,B-NP-plural]and[and/CC,I-NP-plural]universities[university/NNS,E-NP-plural]play[play/NN,play/VB,play/VBP,B-VP]a[a/DT,B-NP-singular]vital[vital/JJ,vital/NN,I-NP-singular]role[role/NN,E-NP-singular].[./.,</S>,O]
<S>On[On/NNP,on/IN,on/JJ,on/RP,B-PP]addition[addition/NN,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular],[,/,,O]many[many/DT,many/PDT,B-NP-plural]colleges[college/NNS,I-NP-plural]and[and/CC,I-NP-plural]universities[university/NNS,E-NP-plural]fail[fail/NN,fail/VB,fail/VBP,B-VP]to[to/IN,to/TO,I-VP]adapted[adapted/JJ,adapt/VBD,adapt/VBN,I-VP]them[them/PRP,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular]courses[course/NNS,course/VBZ,B-ADJP]to[to/IN,to/TO,B-PP]the[the/DT,B-NP-singular]development[development/NN,E-NP-singular]of[of/IN,B-PP]economy[economy/NN,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular].[./.,</S>,O]
<S>Considering[considering/NN,consider/VBG,B-VP]such[such/DT,such/PDT,B-NP-singular]a[a/DT,I-NP-singular]rough[rough/JJ,rough/NN,rough/VB,rough/VBP,I-NP-singular]job[job/NN,job/VB,job/VBP,I-NP-singular]market[market/NN,market/VB,market/VBP,E-NP-singular],[,/,,O]I[I/PRP,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular]think[think/VB,think/VBP,B-VP]it[it/PRP,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular]is[be/VBZ,B-VP]high[high/JJ,high/NN,high/RP,B-NP-singular]time[time/JJ,time/NN,time/VB,time/VBP,E-NP-singular]that[that/DT,that/RP,that/WDT,that/WP,B-SBAR]we[we/PRP,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular]taked[taked/null,B-VP]effective[effective/JJ,B-NP-plural]measures[measure/NNS,measure/VBZ,E-NP-plural]to[to/IN,to/TO,B-VP]solve[solve/VB,solve/VBP,I-VP]the[the/DT,B-NP-singular]problem[problem/NN,E-NP-singular].[./.,</S>,O]
<S>Above[above/IN,above/JJ,above/NN,B-PP]all[all/DT,all/JJ,all/NN,all/PDT,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular],[,/,,O]college[college/NN,B-NP-plural]students[student/NNS,E-NP-plural]should[should/JJ,should/MD,B-VP]realize[realize/VB,realize/VBP,I-VP]their[their/PRP$,B-NP-plural]own[own/JJ,own/VB,own/VBP,I-NP-plural]defects[defect/NNS,defect/VBZ,E-NP-plural]and[and/CC,O]further[further/RB,further/VB,further/VBP,far/JJR,B-VP]improve[improve/VB,improve/VBP,I-VP]themselves[themselves/PRP,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular]to[to/IN,to/TO,B-VP]to[to/IN,to/TO,I-VP]keep[keep/NN,keep/VB,keep/VBP,I-VP]their[their/PRP$,B-NP-singular]competitive[competitive/JJ,I-NP-singular]edge[edge/JJ,edge/NN,edge/VB,edge/VBP,E-NP-singular]in[in/IN,in/NN,in/RP,B-PP]society[society/NN,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular].[./.,</S>,O]
<S>Moreover[moreover/CC,moreover/RB,B-ADVP],[,/,,O]colleges[college/NNS,B-NP-plural|E-NP-plural]or[or/CC,or/JJ,or/NN,O]university[university/NN,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular]should[should/JJ,should/MD,B-VP]provide[provide/VB,provide/VBP,I-VP]more[more/RP,B-NP-plural]trainings[training/NNS,E-NP-plural]and[and/CC,O]internship[internship/NN,B-NP-plural]opportunities[opportunity/NNS,E-NP-plural]before[before/IN,before/RP,B-PP]the[the/DT,B-NP-plural]students[student/NNS,E-NP-plural]enter[enter/VB,enter/VBP,B-VP]the[the/DT,B-NP-singular]society[society/NN,E-NP-singular].[./.,</S>,O]
<S>besides[besides/IN,B-PP],[,/,,O]college[college/NN,B-NP-plural]students[student/NNS,E-NP-plural]should[should/JJ,should/MD,B-VP]hold[hold/NN,hold/VB,hold/VBP,I-VP]a[a/DT,B-NP-singular]right[right/JJ,right/NN,right/UH,right/VB,right/VBP,I-NP-singular]attitude[attitude/NN,E-NP-singular]towards[towards/IN,B-PP]jobs[job/NNS,job/VBZ,B-NP-plural|E-NP-plural]and[and/CC,O]set[set/NN,set/VB,set/VBD,set/VBN,set/VBP,B-VP]their[their/PRP$,B-NP-plural]job[job/NN,job/VB,job/VBP,I-NP-plural]expectations[expectation/NNS,E-NP-plural]at[at/IN,at/RP,B-PP]a[a/DT,B-NP-singular]suitable[suitable/JJ,I-NP-singular]level[level/JJ,level/NN,level/VB,level/VBP,E-NP-singular].[./.,</S>,O]
<S>Only[only/JJ,only/RB,B-ADVP]through[through/IN,through/JJ,through/RP,B-PP]these[these/DT,B-NP-plural]ways[way/NNS,E-NP-plural]can[can/MD,can/NN,can/VB,can/VBP,B-VP]the[the/DT,B-NP-plural]college[college/NN,I-NP-plural]students[student/NNS,E-NP-plural]find[find/NN,find/VB,find/VBP,B-VP]a[a/DT,B-NP-singular]satisfactory[satisfactory/JJ,I-NP-singular]job[job/NN,job/VB,job/VBP,E-NP-singular]and[and/CC,O]have[have/NN,have/VB,have/VBP,B-VP]brighter[bright/JJR,B-NP-singular]future[future/JJ,future/NN,E-NP-singular].[./.,</S>,O]
(4)然后对上述短语切块后的英语作文进行词性消歧,生成英语作文词性消歧格式如下所示:
<S>Nowadays[nowadays/NN,nowadays/RB,B-ADVP],[,/,,O]the[the/DT,B-NP-singular]employment[employment/NN,E-NP-singular]of[of/IN,B-PP]college[college/NN,B-NP-plural]students[student/NNS,E-NP-plural]are[be/VBP,B-VP]becoming[become/VBG,I-VP]more[more/RP,many/JJR,much/JJR,B-ADVP]and[and/CC,I-ADVP]more[more/RP,many/JJR,much/JJR,I-ADVP]of[of/IN,B-PP]a[a/DT,B-NP-singular]problem[problem/NN,E-NP-singular],[,/,,O]even[even/RB,B-PP]for[for/CC,for/IN,for/RP,I-PP]the[the/DT,B-NP-plural]students[student/NNS,E-NP-plural]of[of/IN,B-PP]MAT[MAT/NNP,mat/JJ,mat/NN].[./.,</S>]
<S>About[about/IN,about/RP,B-PP]a[a/DT,B-NP-singular]decade[decade/NN,E-NP-singular]ago[ago/IN,ago/JJ,ago/RB,B-ADVP],[,/,,O]university[university/NN,B-NP-plural]students[student/NNS,E-NP-plural]could[can/MD,B-VP]find[find/VB,I-VP]satisfice[satisfice/null,B-NP-plural]and[and/CC,I-NP-plural]enviable[enviable/JJ,I-NP-plural]jobs[job/NNS,job/VBZ,E-NP-plural]after[after/CC,after/IN,after/RB,B-PP]graduation[graduation/NN,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular],[,/,,O]while[while/IN,while/NN,while/VB,while/VBP,B-ADVP]at[at/IN,at/RP,B-PP]current[current/JJ,B-NP-singular]situation[situation/NN,E-NP-singular],[,/,,O]about[about/IN,about/RP,B-NP-singular]30%[30%/null]and[and/CC,O]even[even/RB,B-ADVP]worst[worst/NN,worst/VB,worst/VBP,bad/JJS,ill/JJS,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular]of[of/IN,B-PP]graduate[graduate/JJ,graduate/NN,graduate/VB,graduate/VBP,B-NP-plural]students[student/NNS,E-NP-plural]can[can/MD]’[’/null]t[not/RB]finds[find/VBZ,I-VP]a[a/DT,B-NP-singular]job[job/NN,E-NP-singular]and[and/CC,O]stay[stay/NN,stay/VB,stay/VBP,B-VP]at[at/IN,at/RP,B-PP]home[home/NN,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular]after[after/CC,after/IN,after/RB,B-PP]graduation[graduation/NN,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular].[./.,</S>,O]
<S>Employment[employment/NN,B-NP-singular]difficulty[difficulty/NN,E-NP-singular]of[of/IN,B-PP]college[college/NN,B-NP-plural]students[student/NNS,E-NP-plural]was[be/VBD,B-VP]due[due/JJ,due/NN,B-ADJP]to[to/IN,to/TO,B-PP]the[the/DT,B-NP-plural]following[following/IN,following/JJ,follow/VBG,I-NP-plural]reasons[reason/NNS,E-NP-plural].[./.,</S>,O]
<S>Among[among/IN,B-PP]these[these/DT,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular];[;/:,O]the[the/DT,B-NP-singular]increasing[increasing/JJ,increasing/NN,increase/VBG,I-NP-singular]recruitment[recruitment/NN,E-NP-singular]of[of/IN,B-PP]colleges[college/NNS,B-NP-plural]and[and/CC,I-NP-plural]universities[university/NNS,E-NP-plural]play[play/VBP,B-VP]a[a/DT,B-NP-singular]vital[vital/JJ,I-NP-singular]role[role/NN,E-NP-singular].[./.,</S>,O]
<S>On[On/NNP,on/IN,on/JJ,on/RP,B-PP]addition[addition/NN,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular],[,/,,O]many[many/DT,B-NP-plural]colleges[college/NNS,I-NP-plural]and[and/CC,I-NP-plural]universities[university/NNS,E-NP-plural]fail[fail/NN,fail/VB,fail/VBP,B-VP]to[to/IN,to/TO,I-VP]adapted[adapted/JJ,adapt/VBD,adapt/VBN,I-VP]them[them/PRP,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular]courses[course/NNS,course/VBZ,B-ADJP]to[to/IN,to/TO,B-PP]the[the/DT,B-NP-singular]development[development/NN,E-NP-singular]of[of/IN,B-PP]economy[economy/NN,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular].[./.,</S>,O]
<S>Considering[considering/NN,consider/VBG,B-VP]such[such/PDT,B-NP-singular]a[a/DT,I-NP-singular]rough[rough/JJ,rough/NN,I-NP-singular]job[job/NN,I-NP-singular]market[market/NN,E-NP-singular],[,/,,O]I[I/PRP,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular]think[think/VBP,B-VP]it[it/PRP,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular]is[be/VBZ,B-VP]high[high/JJ,high/NN,high/RP,B-NP-singular]time[time/NN,E-NP-singular]that[that/DT,that/RP,that/WDT,that/WP,B-SBAR]we[we/PRP,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular]taked[taked/null,B-VP]effective[effective/JJ,B-NP-plural]measures[measure/NNS,E-NP-plural]to[to/TO,B-VP]solve[solve/VB,I-VP]the[the/DT,B-NP-singular]problem[problem/NN,E-NP-singular].[./.,</S>,O]
<S>Above[above/IN,above/JJ,above/NN,B-PP]all[all/DT,all/JJ,all/NN,all/PDT,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular],[,/,,O]college[college/NN,B-NP-plural]students[student/NNS,E-NP-plural]should[should/JJ,should/MD,B-VP]realize[realize/VB,realize/VBP,I-VP]their[their/PRP$,B-NP-plural]own[own/JJ,I-NP-plural]defects[defect/NNS,E-NP-plural]and[and/CC,O]further[further/RB,B-VP]improve[improve/VB,improve/VBP,I-VP]themselves[themselves/PRP,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular]to[to/IN,to/TO,B-VP]to[to/TO,I-VP]keep[keep/VB,I-VP]their[their/PRP$,B-NP-singular]competitive[competitive/JJ,I-NP-singular]edge[edge/NN,E-NP-singular]in[in/IN,B-PP]society[society/NN,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular].[./.,</S>,O]
<S>Moreover[moreover/CC,moreover/RB,B-ADVP],[,/,,O]colleges[college/NNS,B-NP-plural|E-NP-plural]or[or/CC,O]university[university/NN,B-NP-singular|E-NP-singular]should[should/JJ,should/MD,B-VP]provide[provide/VB,provide/VBP,I-VP]more[more/RP,B-NP-plural]trainings[training/NNS,E-NP-plural]and[and/CC,O]internship[internship/NN,B-NP-plural]opportunities[opportunity/NNS,E-NP-plural]before[before/IN,before/RP,B-PP]the[the/DT,B-NP-plural]students[student/NNS,E-NP-plural]enter[enter/VB,enter/VBP,B-VP]the[the/DT,B-NP-singular]society[society/NN,E-NP-singular].[./.,</S>,O]
<S>besides[besides/IN,B-PP],[,/,,O]college[college/NN,B-NP-plural]students[student/NNS,E-NP-plural]should[should/JJ,should/MD,B-VP]hold[hold/VB,I-VP]a[a/DT,B-NP-singular]right[right/JJ,right/NN,right/UH,right/VB,right/VBP,I-NP-singular]attitude[attitude/NN,E-NP-singular]towards[towards/IN,B-PP]jobs[job/NNS,job/VBZ,B-NP-plural|E-NP-plural]and[and/CC,O]set[set/NN,set/VB,set/VBD,set/VBN,set/VBP,B-VP]their[their/PRP$,B-NP-plural]job[job/NN,I-NP-plural]expectations[expectation/NNS,E-NP-plural]at[at/IN,at/RP,B-PP]a[a/DT,B-NP-singular]suitable[suitable/JJ,I-NP-singular]level[level/NN,E-NP-singular].[./.,</S>,O]
<S>Only[only/JJ,only/RB,B-ADVP]through[through/IN,through/JJ,through/RP,B-PP]these[these/DT,B-NP-plural]ways[way/NNS,E-NP-plural]can[can/VBP,B-VP]the[the/DT,B-NP-plural]college[college/NN,I-NP-plural]students[student/NNS,E-NP-plural]find[find/VBP,B-VP]a[a/DT,B-NP-singular]satisfactory[satisfactory/JJ,I-NP-singular]job[job/NN,E-NP-singular]and[and/CC,O]have[have/VB,B-VP]brighter[bright/JJR,B-NP-singular]future[future/JJ,future/NN,E-NP-singular].[./.,</S>,O]
第二步骤:执行“规则语法纠错处理模块”,生成的规则语法纠错处理结果格式如下所示:
规则语法纠错处理模块是利用上述第一步骤生成的待批作文预处理模块处理结果和上述定义中的英语语法规则库,对待纠错英语作文进行语法检查与纠正,最后输出待纠错英语作文的语法错误纠正结果,本实施方式的英语作文的语法错误纠正结果格式如下所示:
[IN_NN_NNS:45-48:主谓不一致错误,建议改为“is”。,MAT_MIT:111-114:单词缩写错误,建议改为“MIT”。]
[VB_AND_JJ_NNS:51-60:词性混淆错误,建议改为“satisfactory”。,EVEN_WORST:142-147:形容词短语错误,建议改为“worse”。,MB_VBZ:175-180:情态动词后面接动词原形,建议改为“find”。,AND_BUT:187-190:连词错误,建议改为“but”。]
[WAS_IS:42-45:动词语态错误,建议改为“is”。]
[PUNCTUATION_ERROR:12-13:标点符号错误,建议改为“,”。,IN_NNS_AND_NNS_VBP:73-77:主谓不一致错误,建议改为“plays”。]
[IN_ADDTION:0-2:介词错误错误,建议改为“In”。,TO_VBD:53-60:动词时态错误,建议改为“adapt”。,PRONOUN_ERROR:54-58:代词错误,建议改为“their”。]
[IRREGULAR_VERB_ERROR:58-63:不规则动词错误,建议改为“took”。]
[WORD_REPETITION_ERROR:92-97:单词重复使用错误,建议改为“to”。]
[NNS_OR_NN:22-32:单复数不一致错误,建议改为“universities”。]
[UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START:0-7:句子首字母大小写错误,建议改为“Besides”。]
[VB_JJR_NN:82-98:冠词缺失,建议改为“a brighter future”。]
第三步骤:执行“生成语法纠错结果模块”,生成的语法批改结果格式如下所示:
生成语法批改结果模块是利用上述第二步骤生成的英语作文的语法错误纠正结果,对英语作文的语法错误纠正结果进行提取分析,最后输出的待批作文语法错误批改结果格式如下所示:
(1)主谓不一致错误
错误句子:Nowadays,the employment of college students are becomingmore and more of a problem,even for the students of MAT.
纠错提示:主谓不一致错误,建议改为“is”。
建议表达:is
例句:The number of college students is increasing.
(2)缩写错误
错误句子:Nowadays,the employment of college students are becomingmore and more of a problem,even for the students of MAT.
纠错提示:单词缩写错误,建议改为“MIT”。
建议表达:MIT
例句:When I was a student at MIT I used to eat at a certainrestaurant in Boston.
(3)词性混淆错误
错误句子:About a decade ago,university students could find satisficeand enviable jobs after graduation,while at current situation,about 30%andeven worst of graduate students can’t finds a job but stay at home aftergraduation.
纠错提示:词性混淆错误,建议改为“satisfactory”。
建议表达:satisfactory
例句:Eventually it was possible to find a really satisfactorysolution.
(4)形容词短语错误
错误句子:About a decade ago,university students could find satisficeand enviable jobs after graduation,while at current situation,about 30%andeven worst of graduate students can’t finds a job and stay at home aftergraduation.
纠错提示:形容词短语错误,建议改为“worse”。
建议表达:worse
例句:I'd never been to that city before,and even worse,I couldn'tspeak a word of the language.
(5)助动词和情态动词错误
错误句子:About a decade ago,university students could find satisficeand enviable jobs after graduation,while at current situation,about 30%andeven worst of graduate students can’t finds a job and stay at home aftergraduation.
纠错提示:情态动词后面接动词原形,建议改为“find”。
建议表达:find
例句:I can't live in a place where I can't find a job.
(6)连词错误
错误句子:About a decade ago,university students could find satisficeand enviable jobs after graduation,while at current situation,about 30%andeven worst of graduate students can’t finds a job and stay at home aftergraduation.
纠错提示:连词错误,建议改为“but”。
建议表达:but
例句:He not only has a job but does the housework.
(7)动词语态错误
错误句子:Employment difficulty of college students was due to thefollowing reasons.
纠错提示:动词语态错误,建议改为“is”。
建议表达:is
例句:Three Chinese students were admitted to the college.
(8)标点符号错误
错误句子:Among these;the increasing recruitment of colleges anduniversities play a vital role.
纠错提示:标点符号错误,建议改为“,”。
建议表达:,
例句:The more,the better.
(9)主谓不一致错误
错误句子:Among these,the increasing recruitment of colleges anduniversities play a vital role.
纠错提示:主谓不一致错误,建议改为“plays”。
建议表达:plays
例句:The private colleges and universities of the united states areautonomous.
(10)固定搭配错误、介词错误
错误句子:On addition,many colleges and universities fail to adaptedthem courses to the development of economy.
纠错提示:介词错误,建议改为“In”。
建议表达:In
例句:I had to pay 5 dollars in addition.
(11)动词时态错误
错误句子:On addition,many colleges and universities fail to adaptedthem courses to the development of economy.
纠错提示:动词时态错误,建议改为“adapt”。
建议表达:adapt
例句:Many politicians fail to keep their word.
(12)代词错误
错误句子:On addition,many colleges and universities fail to adaptedthem courses to the development of economy.
纠错提示:代词错误,建议改为“their”。
建议表达:their
例句:Many politicians fail to keep their promises.
(13)不规则动词错误
错误句子:Considering such a rough job market,I think it is high timethat we taked effective measures to solve the problem.
纠错提示:不规则动词错误,建议改为“took”。。
建议表达:took
例句:It took him ten minutes to solve the problem.
(14)单词重复使用错误
错误句子:Above all,college students should realize their own defectsand further improve themselves to to keep their competitive edge in society.
纠错提示:单词重复使用错误,建议改为“to”。
建议表达:to
例句:Some students devote themselves to sports and neglect theirstudies.
(15)单复数不一致错误
错误句子:Moreover,colleges or university should provide moretrainings and internship opportunities before the students enter the society.
纠错提示:单复数不一致错误,建议改为“universities”。
建议表达:universities
例句:The private colleges and universities of the united states areautonomous.
(16)句子首字母大小写错误
错误句子:besides,college students should hold a right attitudetowards jobs and set their job expectations at a suitable level.
纠错提示:句子首字母大小写错误,建议改为“Besides”。
建议表达:Besides
例句:He's looking for a suitable job.
(17)冠词错误
错误句子:Only through these ways can the college students find asatisfactory job and have brighter future.
纠错提示:冠词缺失,建议改为“a brighter future”。
建议表达:a brighter future
例句:You have a bright future.