CN106772700B - Regional rainfall uniformity measuring system and method based on close-range photogrammetry principle - Google Patents
Regional rainfall uniformity measuring system and method based on close-range photogrammetry principle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a regional rainfall uniformity measuring system and method based on a close-range photogrammetry principle, wherein the system comprises: a line laser generator, a high-speed synchronizer, a digital image processor, two cameras and an image correction mark; after being reflected by raindrops in a region to be detected, light beams emitted by the in-line laser generator are imaged in images shot by the two cameras respectively; the camera shoots a preset number of groups of images, and the digital image processor analyzes the images shot by the camera to obtain a regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map. According to the scheme of the invention, the regional rainfall uniformity can be accurately measured based on the corresponding image analysis of the image generated by the reflected light of the raindrops, the method is not influenced by human factors and equipment factors, and meanwhile, the light beam emitted by the in-line laser generator is positioned above the ground and is not influenced by terrain factors, so that the measured rainfall uniformity distribution result is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial rainfall parameter measurement or sprinkler irrigation equipment parameter measurement, in particular to a regional rainfall uniformity measurement system and method based on a close-range photogrammetry principle.
Background
The current method for measuring rainfall uniformity mainly comprises the following steps: one is to use a plurality of rain gauges to be distributed in a designated area according to a certain form, and to measure the rainfall uniformity after a period of time, such as the downward-spraying type artificial rainfall device widely used at present. The rainfall measuring device is formed by combining a plurality of spray heads with different flow sections, rainfall with certain intensity and uniformity can be simulated, rainfall areas formed by different spray heads are all round, but the intensity distribution in the round areas is different in different heights or the same height, so that the accuracy of a measuring result is low. Another measurement method is to measure the distribution of raindrops in a specified area by using a laser raindrop spectrometer.
For the two prior arts, there are some drawbacks, in the first mode, because the layout position of the rain gauge is set manually, the whole device has larger subjective factors in layout, and the layout position of the rain gauge has larger influence on the calculation of uniformity, thus inaccurate measurement data can be caused. Furthermore, this method makes it difficult to determine the degree of rainfall uniformity at different height positions. Meanwhile, when the method is adopted, the testing area field is occupied in the testing process, a rainfall device is often required to be closed after the testing is completed, the testing area is rearranged, the uncertainty in the testing process is increased, and the testing efficiency is affected. The other method is limited by the measurement principle, so that the measured area is very small, and is generally only used for measuring the composition of the raindrop diameter, and the measurement of rainfall uniformity in a larger area is difficult to realize.
In summary, in the existing method for measuring the uniformity of rainfall, the measurement result of the uniformity of rainfall is inaccurate due to the influence of factors such as measurement equipment and measurement principle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a regional rainfall uniformity measurement scheme based on a close-range photogrammetry principle, which aims to solve the problem of inaccurate measurement data caused by factors such as measurement equipment, measurement principles and the like in the prior art.
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a regional rainfall uniformity measuring system based on a close-range photogrammetry principle, which comprises: a line laser generator, a high-speed synchronizer, a digital image processor, two cameras and an image correction mark; the line-shaped laser generators are horizontally aligned with the region to be tested, light beams emitted by the line-shaped laser generators horizontally penetrate through the region to be tested, the two cameras are arranged right above the line-shaped laser generators, and the focusing center of each camera is the center of the region to be tested; the image correction marks are arranged in the shooting view field of the camera, and the distance and position coordinates between the image correction marks are recorded in the digital image processor; the high-speed synchronizer is respectively connected with the in-line laser generator and the camera; the high-speed synchronizer controls the linear laser generator to emit light beams according to a preset time interval, and simultaneously controls the camera to shoot images of the region to be detected, and the light beams emitted by the linear laser generator are reflected by raindrops in the region to be detected and then are imaged in the images shot by the two cameras respectively; the digital image processor analyzes the images shot by the camera to obtain a regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map.
Preferably, the two cameras are symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the in-line laser generator as an axis.
Preferably, the light beam is red or green.
Preferably, the digital image processor performs close-range photogrammetric analysis on the image shot by the camera to obtain a spatial three-dimensional distribution map of raindrops illuminated by the laser beam so as to generate a regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map.
Preferably, the digital image processor includes: the device comprises a stereopair extraction unit, a stereopair generation unit, a plane interception unit, a superposition unit and a spatial distribution map generation unit; the stereo image pair extraction unit extracts each contained stereo image pair from each image pair, each stereo image corresponds to one point position, and images shot by two cameras at the same moment are image pairs; the stereoscopic image generating unit generates a stereoscopic image for each stereoscopic pair to obtain the spatial distribution of the stereoscopic image of each image pair, wherein each stereoscopic image is a facula; the plane intercepting unit intercepts the stereoscopic image distribution cross section aiming at the spatial distribution of each stereoscopic image; the superposition unit is used for superposing all the generated three-dimensional image sections to obtain the superposition number of the three-dimensional images of the same region to be detected and the same point position; the space distribution map generating unit generates a regional rainfall uniformity space distribution map according to the overlapping number of the stereoscopic images of the same region to be detected and the same point position obtained by overlapping.
In order to solve the problems, the invention also discloses a regional rainfall uniformity measuring method based on the close-range photogrammetry principle, which comprises the following steps: adjusting a linear laser generator to enable a light beam emitted by the linear laser generator to horizontally pass through a region to be detected; recording the distance and position coordinates between the image correction marks; when rainfall uniformity is measured, the high-speed synchronizer controls the linear laser generator to emit light beams according to a preset time interval, and simultaneously controls the two cameras to shoot images of the area to be measured, and the images are in a preset number of groups; the light beams emitted by the in-line laser generator are reflected by raindrops in the region to be detected and then are imaged in images shot by the two cameras respectively; and analyzing the image shot by the camera through a digital image processor to obtain a regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map.
Preferably, the method further comprises: the time interval in the high speed synchronizer is preset.
Preferably, the step of analyzing, by the digital image processor, the image captured by the camera to obtain a spatial distribution map of regional rainfall uniformity includes: and carrying out close-range photogrammetry analysis on the image shot by the camera to obtain a spatial three-dimensional distribution map of the raindrops illuminated by the laser beam so as to generate a spatial distribution map of regional rainfall uniformity.
Preferably, the step of performing close-range photogrammetry analysis on the image shot by the camera to obtain a spatial three-dimensional distribution map of raindrops illuminated by the laser beam so as to generate a spatial distribution map of regional rainfall uniformity comprises the following steps: extracting each stereo pair from each image pair, wherein each stereo pair corresponds to one point position, and images shot by two cameras at the same moment are image pairs; generating a stereoscopic image for each stereoscopic pair to obtain stereoscopic image space distribution of each image pair, wherein each stereoscopic image is a light spot; aiming at the spatial distribution of each stereoscopic image, intercepting a stereoscopic image distribution section; overlapping all the generated stereo image sections to obtain the overlapping number of the stereo images of the same region to be detected and the same point position; and generating a regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map according to the overlapping number of the stereoscopic images of the same region to be detected and the same point position obtained by overlapping.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the regional rainfall uniformity measurement scheme based on the close-range photogrammetry principle, a line-shaped laser generator is horizontally aligned to a region to be measured, two cameras are arranged right above the line-shaped laser generator and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central axis of the line-shaped laser generator, and a high-speed synchronizer is respectively connected with the line-shaped laser generator and the cameras; the high-speed synchronizer is used for controlling the linear laser generator to emit light beams according to a preset time interval, simultaneously controlling the camera to shoot images of the region to be detected, and respectively imaging the light beams emitted by the linear laser generator in the images shot by the camera after the light beams are reflected by raindrops in the region to be detected; the camera shoots a preset number of groups of images, and the digital image processor analyzes the images shot by the camera to obtain a regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map. Therefore, according to the regional rainfall uniformity measuring scheme based on the digital image processing technology, the regional rainfall uniformity can be accurately measured based on corresponding image analysis of the image generated by the reflection light of the raindrops, the method is not influenced by human factors and equipment factors, and meanwhile, the light beam emitted by the linear laser generator is positioned above the ground and is not influenced by terrain factors, so that the measured rainfall uniformity distribution result is more accurate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a regional rainfall uniformity measurement system based on the principle of close-range photogrammetry according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a digital image processor according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing steps of a regional rainfall uniformity measuring method based on a close-range photogrammetry principle according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing steps of a regional rainfall uniformity measurement method based on a close-range photogrammetry principle according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the optical path when the raindrops are irradiated with laser light.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a block diagram of a regional rainfall uniformity measurement system based on a close-up photogrammetry principle according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown.
The regional rainfall uniformity measuring system based on the close-range photogrammetry principle comprises: a line laser generator 101, a high speed synchronizer 102, a digital image processor 103, a first camera 104, a second camera 105, and an image correction mark 106.
The line laser generator 101 is horizontally aligned with the area to be measured, the light beams emitted by the line laser generator are horizontally aligned with the area to be measured 107, the focusing center of the camera right above the line laser generator 101 is the center of the area to be measured, the image correction marks 106 are arranged in the shooting view field of the camera and are positioned at four corners of the area to be measured, the distance and position coordinates among the image correction marks are recorded in the digital image processor, and the light beams emitted by the line laser are red light or green light.
The high-speed synchronizer 102 is respectively connected with the in-line laser generator 101, the first camera 104 and the second camera 105; the high-speed synchronizer 102 controls the linear laser generator 101 to emit light beams according to a preset time interval, and simultaneously controls the first camera 104 and the second camera 105 to shoot images of the region to be detected, and the light beams emitted by the linear laser generator 101 are reflected by raindrops in the region to be detected and then are imaged in the images shot by the first camera 104 and the second camera 105 respectively.
The camera shoots a preset number of groups of images, and the digital image processor 103 performs image analysis on the images shot by the camera based on a close-range photogrammetry principle to obtain a regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map.
The camera may be a high-speed high-definition camera, and extracts Shan Zhen frames from the video screen as captured images at preset time intervals when the camera captures images.
It should be noted that the in-line laser generator is a convenient and practical positioning tool. The positioning tool can be widely used for measuring rainfall uniformity or other measuring processes.
The line of the linear laser generator is clear, small and exquisite, easy to install, can provide accurate positioning technology for the invention, can be installed on the vertical or horizontal plane of the using machine, provides a visible laser marking line, and can generate a visible and non-contact positioning line in the whole rainfall measuring process, thereby being convenient for production operation and improving the production efficiency, and the laser line can be finely adjusted in three dimensions at will, so as to achieve the best using effect, and the horizontal incident beam thickness of the laser is 2 to 6 millimeters of light, therefore, the thickness of the area to be measured is 2 to 6 millimeters.
The two cameras are arranged right above the linear laser generator, the two cameras are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central axis of the linear laser generator, the focusing center of the cameras is the center of the region to be tested, and the high-speed synchronizer controls the linear laser generator to emit light beams according to preset time intervals, and it is to be noted that a person skilled in the art can select the preset time intervals according to actual conditions, and the preset time intervals can be set to be 5ms, 6ms, 10ms and the like, so that the method is not particularly limited.
The time interval is the time required for the laser to emit until the reflection in the raindrops is completed, and is related to the interval between the in-line laser generator and the area to be detected and the size of the raindrops to be detected.
When the high-speed synchronizer controls the linear laser generator to emit light beams according to a preset time interval, as the high-speed synchronizer is respectively connected with the linear laser generator, the first camera and the second camera, when the linear laser generator emits light beams, the two cameras can shoot an area to be detected at the same time and generate images, and the generated images are images shot after the light beams emitted by the linear laser generator are reflected by raindrops.
It should be noted that, the number of images can be set by those skilled in the art according to practical situations, so that in order to make the measurement data accurate, each camera can capture multiple images, for example: 3, 4, 5, etc., which are not particularly limited, and the number of pictures in each group may be any number of 5, 6, 8, etc.
The regional rainfall uniformity measuring system based on the close-range photogrammetry principle provided by the embodiment of the invention horizontally aligns a linear laser generator to a region to be measured, two cameras are arranged right above the linear laser generator, and a high-speed synchronizer is respectively connected with the linear laser generator and a camera; the high-speed synchronizer is used for controlling the linear laser generator to emit light beams according to a preset time interval, simultaneously controlling the camera to shoot images of the region to be detected, and respectively imaging the light beams emitted by the linear laser generator in the images shot by the camera after the light beams are reflected by raindrops in the region to be detected; the camera shoots a preset number of groups of images, and the digital image processor analyzes the images shot by the camera to obtain a regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map. Therefore, by the regional rainfall uniformity measuring system based on the close-range photogrammetry principle, regional rainfall uniformity can be accurately measured based on corresponding image analysis of the image generated by the raindrop reflected light, the method is not influenced by human factors and equipment factors, and the measured rainfall uniformity distribution result is more accurate.
Example two
Still referring to fig. 1, a regional rainfall uniformity measurement system based on a close-up photogrammetry principle according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The regional rainfall uniformity measuring system based on the close-range photogrammetry principle comprises: a line laser generator 101, a high speed synchronizer 102, a digital image processor 103, a first camera 104, a second camera 105, and an image correction mark 106.
The in-line laser generator 101 is horizontally aligned with the area to be measured 107, and the light beam emitted by the in-line laser generator 101 is horizontally aligned with the area to be measured, and the light beam is red light or green light.
The first camera 104 and the second camera 105 are arranged right above the linear laser generator, and the two cameras are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central axis of the linear laser generator, and the focusing centers of the two cameras are the center of the region to be measured.
The high-speed synchronizer 102 is respectively connected with the in-line laser generator 101, the first camera 104 and the second camera 105; the high-speed synchronizer 102 controls the linear laser generator 101 to emit light beams according to a preset time interval, and simultaneously controls the first camera 104 and the second camera 105 to shoot images of the region to be detected, and the light beams emitted by the linear laser generator 101 are reflected by raindrops in the region to be detected and then are imaged in the images shot by the first camera 104 and the second camera 105 respectively.
The optical path diagram when the laser irradiates the raindrops is shown in fig. 5. As can be seen from fig. 5, when the raindrop is irradiated by the laser, two reflections and two refractions are generated, and the specific direction of the light is shown in fig. 5.
The camera shoots a preset number of groups of images, and the digital image processor 103 performs image analysis on the images shot by the camera based on a close-range photogrammetry principle to obtain a regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map.
It should be noted that the in-line laser is a convenient and practical positioning tool. The positioning tool can be widely used for measuring rainfall uniformity or other measuring processes.
The two cameras are arranged right above the linear laser generator, the two cameras are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central axis of the linear laser generator, the focusing center of the cameras is the center of the region to be tested, and the high-speed synchronizer controls the linear laser generator to emit light beams according to the preset time interval, and it is to be noted that a person skilled in the art can select the preset time interval according to the actual situation, and the preset time interval can be set to be several milliseconds, for example: 5ms, 6ms, 8 ms, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present invention.
The high-speed synchronizer controls the linear laser generator to emit light beams according to a preset time interval, and simultaneously controls the two cameras to shoot a region to be detected, and generates images, wherein the generated images are shot images after the light beams emitted by the linear laser generator are reflected by raindrops.
It should be noted that, the number of images may be set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation, so that, in order to make the measurement data accurate, each camera may capture multiple sets of images, for example, 3 sets, 4 sets, or 5 sets, which are not limited in particular, and each set includes 5 images.
The image shot by the camera can be sent to the digital image processor in real time through a wireless network, or after all the images are shot, the technician copies the image shot by the camera to the digital image processor.
And carrying out close-range photogrammetry analysis on a plurality of groups of images acquired by the camera through a digital image processor, so as to obtain a spatial three-dimensional distribution map of raindrops illuminated by the laser beams, so as to generate a spatial distribution map of regional rainfall uniformity, wherein the distribution map generation principle is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the digital image processor 103 includes: a stereopair extraction unit 1031, a stereopair generation unit 1032, a plane extraction unit 1033, a superimposition unit 1034, and a spatial profile generation unit 1035. Each unit included in the digital image processor is a hardware module with data processing capability, and a computer program is programmed in the hardware module.
The stereo pair extracting unit 1031 extracts each of the stereo pairs included in each of the image pairs, one point for each stereo image, and images captured by two cameras at the same time are image pairs.
The stereo pair extracts a raindrop stereo image from the generated image. Because the image shot by the camera is a plane image, in the process of detecting the regional rainfall uniformity, the detection of the uniformity by using the plane image is inconvenient, and the stereopair in the image needs to be extracted at the moment.
Firstly, a stereopair is a remote sensing image of two same areas, shooting is carried out from different angles, the obtained images have overlapping areas, under certain conditions, a professional instrument or naked eyes can be used for seeing the stereopsis, and the stereopsis can be used for carrying out measurement to generate a DEM (Digital Elevation Model ), which is a physical ground model for representing ground elevation in the form of a group of ordered value arrays. Besides the ground elevation information, the DEM can also derive landform characteristics including gradient, slope direction and the like, and can calculate landform characteristic parameters including peaks, ridges, plains, bit planes, river channels, valleys and the like.
The extraction of stereo relative in the image can adopt a method for generating DEM based on the synthetic aperture radar stereo image. Because microwaves have the characteristics of penetrating cloud, rain, snow and the like, the synthetic aperture radar can scan and image without being limited by weather and time.
Or the ASTER satellite sensor is used for capturing representatives in the stereo pair sensor by adopting DEM extraction based on ASTER remote sensing stereo pair, and has the characteristics of stable data quality, wide coverage and low price.
It should be noted that, the method for extracting the stereopair may be selected by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation, and is not particularly limited. In the embodiment of the invention, the stereoscopic image of the stereoscopic relative reduction raindrops is extracted.
The pair extracted by the stereopair extraction unit is used for generating a stereopair for each stereopair through the stereopair generation unit 1032, so as to obtain the spatial distribution of the stereopair of each image pair, wherein each stereopair is a light spot.
The plane clipping unit 1033 clips a stereoscopic image distribution cross section for each stereoscopic image spatial distribution.
The specific section is closely related to the thickness of the light generated by the linear laser generator during shooting.
The superimposing unit 1034 superimposes all the generated stereoscopic image sections to obtain the superimposed number of the stereoscopic images of the same region to be detected and the same point position.
And the extracted all three-dimensional image interfaces can be overlapped, and PS can be used for overlapping the light spots to obtain the number of the light spots at the same point position in the same region to be detected, so that the subsequent processing is convenient. Of course, the stereoscopic image can be superimposed using ENVI software in addition to the PS (Adobe Photoshop).
Specifically, the remote sensing image and the vector diagram are first opened in ENVI, and if the superposition function is to be implemented, the image must be geocoded. Therefore, the remote sensing image of the test area must be registered by using the ground control point GCP, wherein the GCP is a homonymous point found in the original image space and the standard (correction) space (such as a vector diagram), the GCP must be relatively accurate, and the accuracy of geometric fine correction is directly affected, so that the homonymous point selects characteristic points (such as small ponds, crossing points of linear features and the like) which are easy to accurately locate in the research area. If the GCP selection is inaccurate, the GCP number is too small, the GCP distribution is unreasonable, or the distorted mathematical model cannot reflect the geometric distortion process well, the accuracy of the geometric correction is reduced.
The ENVI software is utilized to superimpose the remote sensing image and the vector image, so that a map which is comprehensively displayed by the remote sensing image and the vector image is obtained, the map has much more information quantity than a pure vector line map, has the characteristics of intuitionism and readability, and is the visual expression degree of direct perception of vision of people and the accuracy of auxiliary decision.
The spatial distribution map generating unit 1035 generates a regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map according to the overlapping number of the stereoscopic images of the same region to be detected and the same point position obtained by overlapping.
According to the regional rainfall uniformity measuring system based on the close-range photogrammetry principle, provided by the embodiment of the invention, a linear laser generator is horizontally aligned to a region to be measured, two cameras are arranged right above the linear laser generator, and a high-speed synchronizer is respectively connected with the linear laser generator and a camera; the high-speed synchronizer is used for controlling the linear laser generator to emit light beams according to a preset time interval, simultaneously controlling the camera to shoot images of the region to be detected, and respectively imaging the light beams emitted by the linear laser generator in the images shot by the camera after the light beams are reflected by raindrops in the region to be detected; the camera shoots a preset number of groups of images, and the digital image processor analyzes the images shot by the camera to obtain a regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map. Therefore, by the regional rainfall uniformity measuring system based on the close-range photogrammetry principle, regional rainfall uniformity can be accurately measured based on corresponding image analysis of the image generated by the raindrop reflected light, the method is not influenced by human factors and equipment factors, and the measured rainfall uniformity distribution result is more accurate.
Example III
Referring to fig. 3, a flowchart of steps of a regional rainfall uniformity measurement method based on a close-up photogrammetry principle according to a third embodiment of the present invention is shown.
The regional rainfall uniformity measuring method based on the close-range photogrammetry principle provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps of:
step 301: the in-line laser generator is adjusted to enable the light beam emitted by the in-line laser generator to horizontally pass through the area to be measured.
The beam emitted by the in-line laser generator may be red or green. That is, the in-line laser generator may be a red light generator or a green light generator, and the light beam emitted from the in-line laser generator horizontally passes through the area to be measured.
Step 302: the distance and position coordinates between the image correction marks are recorded.
The recorded distance and position coordinates between the image correction markers are subsequently used to geometrically correct the image.
Step 303: when the rainfall uniformity is measured, the high-speed synchronizer controls the linear laser generator to emit light beams according to a preset time interval, and simultaneously controls the two cameras to shoot images of the area to be measured, and the images are in a preset number of groups.
The light beams emitted by the in-line laser generator are reflected by raindrops in the region to be detected and then imaged in images shot by the two cameras respectively. The camera may be a high-speed high-definition camera, and extracts Shan Zhen frames from the video screen as captured images at preset time intervals when the camera captures images.
Step 304: and analyzing the image shot by the camera through a digital image processor to obtain a regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map.
The specific implementation manner of analyzing the image to obtain the regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map is just described in the second embodiment, which is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of the invention provides a regional rainfall uniformity measuring method based on a digital image processing technology, which is characterized in that a linear laser generator is horizontally aligned to a region to be measured, two cameras are arranged right above the linear laser generator, and a high-speed synchronizer is respectively connected with the linear laser generator and a camera; the high-speed synchronizer is used for controlling the linear laser generator to emit light beams according to a preset time interval, simultaneously controlling the camera to shoot images of the region to be detected, and respectively imaging the light beams emitted by the linear laser generator in the images shot by the camera after the light beams are reflected by raindrops in the region to be detected; the camera shoots a preset number of groups of images, and the digital image processor analyzes the images shot by the camera to obtain a regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map. Therefore, the regional rainfall uniformity measuring method based on the digital image processing technology can accurately measure regional rainfall uniformity based on the image generated by the reflected light of the raindrops and corresponding image analysis, is not influenced by human factors and equipment factors, and has more accurate measured rainfall uniformity distribution results.
Example IV
Referring to fig. 4, a flowchart of steps of a regional rainfall uniformity measurement method based on a close-up photogrammetry principle according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown.
The regional rainfall uniformity measuring method based on the close-range photogrammetry principle provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps of:
step 401: the in-line laser generator is adjusted to enable the light beam emitted by the in-line laser generator to horizontally pass through the area to be measured.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the regional rainfall uniformity measurement system in the second embodiment is used for analyzing the rainfall uniformity, and the specific structure of the regional rainfall uniformity measurement system is referred to the related description in the second embodiment, which is not repeated in the embodiment of the present invention.
Before measurement, the in-line laser generator needs to be adjusted to make the light beam emitted by the in-line laser generator pass through the area to be measured horizontally.
Step 402: the distance and position coordinates between the image correction marks are recorded.
The recorded distance and position coordinates between the image correction markers are subsequently used to geometrically correct the image.
Step 403: the time interval in the high speed synchronizer is preset.
In the test process, the high-speed synchronizer controls the in-line laser generator, the first camera and the second camera according to preset time intervals.
After the regional rainfall uniformity measuring system is arranged, the system can be used for carrying out rainfall uniformity spatial distribution analysis during rainfall. The rainfall can be artificial rainfall or natural rainfall, and the system is started during rainfall.
Step 404: when the rainfall uniformity is measured, the high-speed synchronizer controls the linear laser generator to emit light beams according to a preset time interval, and simultaneously controls the two cameras to shoot images of the area to be measured, and the images are in a preset number of groups.
The light beams emitted by the in-line laser generator are reflected by raindrops in the region to be detected and then imaged in images shot by the two cameras respectively and simultaneously. The generated image is analyzed based on the principle of close-range photogrammetry to generate a spatial distribution map of regional rainfall uniformity, and a preferred manner of generating the spatial distribution map of regional rainfall uniformity is as described in steps 404-408.
Step 405: each stereo pair is extracted from each image pair, each stereo image corresponds to one point position, and images shot by two cameras at the same time are image pairs.
For a specific implementation manner of image extraction for a stereopair, reference is made to the description related to the stereopair extraction unit in the second embodiment, which is not described in detail in the embodiment of the present invention.
Step 406: for each stereo pair, a stereo image is generated, resulting in a spatial distribution of the stereo image for each image pair.
Wherein each stereoscopic image is a light spot.
Step 407: and aiming at the spatial distribution of each stereoscopic image, intercepting a stereoscopic image distribution section.
Step 408: and superposing all the generated stereo image sections to obtain the superposition number of the stereo images of the same region to be detected and the same point position.
The generated regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map can represent rainfall distribution of the region to be measured in a certain time period.
Step 409: and generating a regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map according to the overlapping number of the stereoscopic images of the same region to be detected and the same point position obtained by overlapping.
According to the regional rainfall uniformity measuring method based on the digital image processing technology, a linear laser generator is arranged right opposite to a region to be measured, two cameras are arranged right above the linear laser generator, and a high-speed synchronizer is respectively connected with the linear laser generator and a camera; the high-speed synchronizer is used for controlling the linear laser generator to emit light beams according to a preset time interval, simultaneously controlling the camera to shoot images of the region to be detected, and respectively imaging the light beams emitted by the linear laser generator in the images shot by the camera after the light beams are reflected by raindrops in the region to be detected; the camera shoots a preset number of groups of images, and the digital image processor analyzes the images shot by the camera to obtain a regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map. Therefore, the regional rainfall uniformity measuring method based on the digital image processing technology can accurately measure regional rainfall uniformity based on the image generated by the reflected light of the raindrops and corresponding image analysis, is not influenced by human factors and equipment factors, and has more accurate measured rainfall uniformity distribution results.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described by differences from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to be referred to each other. For system embodiments, the description is relatively simple as it is substantially similar to method embodiments, and reference is made to the description of method embodiments for relevant points.
The regional rainfall uniformity measuring system and method based on the close-range photogrammetry principle provided by the invention are described in detail, and specific examples are applied to illustrate the principles and the implementation modes of the invention, and the description of the examples is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present invention, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention in view of the above.
The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer, electronic system, or other apparatus. Various general-purpose systems may also be used with the teachings herein. The required structure for a construction of such a system is apparent from the description above. In addition, the present invention is not directed to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that the teachings of the present invention described herein may be implemented in a variety of programming languages, and the above description of specific languages is provided for disclosure of enablement and best mode of the present invention.
In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, the disclosed method should not be construed as intended as follows: i.e., the claimed invention requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules in the apparatus of the embodiments may be adaptively changed and disposed in one or more apparatuses different from the embodiments. The modules or units or components of the embodiments may be combined into one module or unit or component and, furthermore, they may be divided into a plurality of sub-modules or sub-units or sub-components. Any combination of all features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and all of the processes or units of any method or apparatus so disclosed, may be used in combination, except insofar as at least some of such features and/or processes or units are mutually exclusive. Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments described herein include some features but not others included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.
Various component embodiments of the invention may be implemented in hardware, or in software modules running on one or more processors, or in a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that some or all of the functionality of some or all of the components in a client device according to embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in practice using a microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The present invention may also be embodied in an apparatus or device program (e.g., computer program and computer program product) for performing part or all of the methods described herein. Such a program embodying the present invention may be stored on a computer readable medium, or may have the form of one or more signals. Such signals may be downloaded from an internet website, provided on a carrier signal, or provided in any other form.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, third, etc. do not denote any order. These words may be interpreted as names.
Claims (4)
1. A regional rainfall uniformity measurement system based on close-up photogrammetry principles, the system comprising:
a line laser generator, a high-speed synchronizer, a digital image processor, two cameras and an image correction mark;
the line-shaped laser generators are horizontally aligned with the region to be tested, light beams emitted by the line-shaped laser generators horizontally penetrate through the region to be tested, the two cameras are arranged right above the line-shaped laser generators, and the focusing center of each camera is the center of the region to be tested; the image correction marks are arranged in the shooting view field of the camera, and the distance and position coordinates between the image correction marks are recorded in the digital image processor;
the high-speed synchronizer is respectively connected with the in-line laser generator and the camera; the high-speed synchronizer controls the linear laser generator to emit light beams according to a preset time interval, and simultaneously controls the camera to shoot images of the region to be detected, and the light beams emitted by the linear laser generator are reflected by raindrops in the region to be detected and then are imaged in the images shot by the two cameras respectively;
the digital image processor performs close-range photogrammetry analysis on the images shot by the camera to obtain a spatial three-dimensional distribution map of raindrops illuminated by the laser beams so as to generate a regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map;
the digital image processor includes: the device comprises a stereopair extraction unit, a stereopair generation unit, a plane interception unit, a superposition unit and a spatial distribution map generation unit;
the stereo image pair extraction unit extracts each contained stereo image pair from each image pair, each stereo image corresponds to one point position, and images shot by two cameras at the same moment are image pairs;
the stereoscopic image generating unit generates a stereoscopic image for each stereoscopic pair to obtain the spatial distribution of the stereoscopic image of each image pair, wherein each stereoscopic image is a facula;
the plane intercepting unit intercepts the stereoscopic image distribution cross section aiming at the spatial distribution of each stereoscopic image;
the superposition unit is used for superposing all the generated three-dimensional image sections to obtain the superposition number of the three-dimensional images of the same region to be detected and the same point position;
the space distribution diagram generating unit generates a regional rainfall uniformity space distribution diagram according to the overlapping number of the stereoscopic images of the same region to be detected and the same point position obtained by overlapping;
the two cameras are symmetrically arranged by taking the central axis of the in-line laser generator as an axis.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the light beam is red or green.
3. The regional rainfall uniformity measuring method based on the close-range photogrammetry principle is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
adjusting a linear laser generator to enable a light beam emitted by the linear laser generator to horizontally pass through a region to be detected;
recording the distance and position coordinates between the image correction marks;
when rainfall uniformity is measured, the high-speed synchronizer controls the linear laser generator to emit light beams according to a preset time interval, and simultaneously controls the two cameras to shoot images of the area to be measured, and the images are in a preset number of groups; the light beams emitted by the in-line laser generator are reflected by raindrops in the region to be detected and then are imaged in images shot by the two cameras respectively;
carrying out close-range photogrammetry analysis on the image shot by the camera through a digital image processor to obtain a spatial three-dimensional distribution map of raindrops illuminated by the laser beam so as to generate a regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map;
the step of performing close-range photogrammetry analysis on the image shot by the camera to obtain a spatial three-dimensional distribution map of raindrops illuminated by the laser beam so as to generate a spatial distribution map of regional rainfall uniformity comprises the following steps:
extracting each stereo pair from each image pair, wherein each stereo pair corresponds to one point position, and images shot by two cameras at the same moment are image pairs;
generating a stereoscopic image for each stereoscopic pair to obtain stereoscopic image space distribution of each image pair, wherein each stereoscopic image is a light spot;
aiming at the spatial distribution of each stereoscopic image, intercepting a stereoscopic image distribution section;
overlapping all the generated stereo image sections to obtain the overlapping number of the stereo images of the same region to be detected and the same point position;
and generating a regional rainfall uniformity spatial distribution map according to the overlapping number of the stereoscopic images of the same region to be detected and the same point position obtained by overlapping.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein after the step of adjusting the in-line laser generator such that the beam of light emitted by the in-line laser generator passes horizontally through the area to be measured, the method further comprises:
the time interval in the high speed synchronizer is preset.
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