CN106772374B - A kind of method of carried SAR real time imagery - Google Patents

A kind of method of carried SAR real time imagery Download PDF

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CN106772374B
CN106772374B CN201611213939.1A CN201611213939A CN106772374B CN 106772374 B CN106772374 B CN 106772374B CN 201611213939 A CN201611213939 A CN 201611213939A CN 106772374 B CN106772374 B CN 106772374B
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distance
motion compensation
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CN106772374A (en
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刘碧丹
刘畅
王岩飞
王超
王�琦
詹学丽
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Institute of Electronics of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9004SAR image acquisition techniques
    • G01S13/9019Auto-focussing of the SAR signals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods of carried SAR real time imagery, comprising: estimation kinematic error offset and phase error carry out data of the distance to space-variant motion compensation process, after obtaining motion compensation to initial data;Azimuth preprocessing is carried out to the data after motion compensation;The pretreated data of orientation are compressed in distance to the synthesis of binary channels frequency band is carried out;It adjusts the distance and carries out three-leaf type two dimensional transposition to compressed data, and range migration correction is carried out to the data after transposition;The PGA self-focusing that data after migration of adjusting the distance correction improve;And Azimuth Compression is carried out to the data after self-focusing, reverses and sets and Real Time Compression, obtain SAR compression image.The present invention is suitable for the Real-Time Imaging System that carried SAR distance is synthesized to binary channels frequency band, is provided simultaneously with higher imaging quality and the delay of lower processor.

Description

A kind of method of carried SAR real time imagery
Technical field
The present invention relates to airborne radar imaging technical field more particularly to a kind of airborne synthetic aperture radar (Synthetic Aperture Radar, abbreviation SAR) real time imagery method.
Background technique
SAR be it is a kind of being capable of round-the-clock, round-the-clock work microwave imaging system, it is possible to provide target observation region is a wide range of High-resolution radar image.It is widely used in the disaster monitorings such as survey of territorial resources, crops monitoring, flood, earthquake, and The numerous areas such as national defence.Due to the disturbance of atmosphere, the practical flight of carried SAR platform is commonly present certain relative to ideal course line Deviation, to cause the image defocus of imaging, machine kinematic error is the main source of echo data phase error.It is how fast The image for obtaining high quality fastly is current carried SAR real time imagery major issue urgently to be solved.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problems to be solved
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of carried SAR real time imagery method, to realize high-resolution The imaging of rate low delay.
(2) technical solution
A kind of carried SAR real time imagery method, comprising:
Estimate kinematic error offset and phase error, distance carried out to space-variant motion compensation process to initial data, Data after obtaining motion compensation;
Azimuth preprocessing is carried out to the data after motion compensation;
The pretreated data of orientation are compressed in distance to the synthesis of binary channels frequency band is carried out;
It adjusts the distance and carries out three-leaf type two dimensional transposition to compressed data, and range migration school is carried out to the data after transposition Just;
The PGA self-focusing that data after migration of adjusting the distance correction improve;And
Azimuth Compression is carried out to the data after self-focusing, reverses and sets and Real Time Compression, obtains SAR compression image.
In above scheme, the estimation kinematic error offset and phase error carry out distance to sky to initial data Become motion compensation process, the data after obtaining motion compensation, comprising:
According to the downwards angle of visibility of inertial navigation parameter, pulse recurrence frequency and different distance unit, actual flight path is obtained relative to reason Think the kinematic error offset of track;
The phase error of echo-signal is obtained by kinematic error offset;
The exponential function of phase error is multiplied with initial data, the data after obtaining motion compensation.
In above scheme, the data to after motion compensation carry out azimuth preprocessing, comprising:
Clutter locking is carried out to the data after motion compensation, obtains the compensated data of Doppler center;
Pre- Filter is carried out to the compensated data of Doppler center.
In above scheme, the data to after motion compensation carry out clutter locking, and it is compensated to obtain Doppler center Data, comprising:
To after motion compensation data carry out small-bore data buffer storage, using balancing energy method it is data cached to small-bore into The estimation of row Doppler center;
According to the compensated data of Doppler center compensation campaign of estimation.
It is described that Pre- Filter is carried out to the compensated data of Doppler center in above scheme, comprising:
The compensated data of Doppler center and low-pass FIR filter carry out convolution;
Data after convolution are carried out with down-sampled data after obtaining azimuth preprocessing.
The PGA self-focusing that improves of data in above scheme, after the migration correction of adjusting the distance, comprising:
Scattering point is chosen according to energy and contrast;
To scattering point cyclic shift;
Carry out windowing process;
Estimate irreducible phase errors;
Correct irreducible phase errors.
In above scheme, the range migration correction is to be completed in range-Dopler domain using linear interpolation method.
In above scheme, the kinematic error offset-lists are shown as:
Δr(t;I)=Δ y (t) sin θi+Δz(t)·cosθi
cosθi=H/ri
Wherein, Δ r (t;It i) is range error of i-th of range pixel in t moment to SAR;θiIndicate i-th of Range Profile The corresponding radar downwards angle of visibility of element;riIndicate the corresponding Slant Visual Range of i-th of range pixel;H is carrier aircraft relative to irradiation target face Flying height;Δ y (t), Δ z (t) are respectively distance to the range error with vertical height direction.
In above scheme, the phase error of the echo-signal is expressed as:
Wherein, λ is carrier wavelength, Δ r (t;It i) is range error of i-th of range pixel in t moment to SAR.
In above scheme, the exponential function of the phase error is exp (- jphai (t;i)).
(3) beneficial effect
The method of carried SAR real time imagery provided by the invention uses range-Dopler domain imaging algorithm, in conjunction with along distance To space-variant motion compensation, clutter locking, distance is to skills such as binary channels frequency band synthetic technology, improved self-focusing and the fast hairs of timing Art has higher imaging quality and the delay of lower processor.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is carried SAR real time imagery method flow schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the geometrical relationship schematic diagram of carried SAR actual flight path and Desired Track provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the flow diagram that clutter provided in an embodiment of the present invention locking and orientation pretreatment combine.
Fig. 4 is improvement PGA self-focusing processing method flow diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is SAR image device structure schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the image after Real-time processing provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference Attached drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of carried SAR real time imagery methods, referring to Fig. 1, this method comprises:
Step S1: estimation kinematic error offset and phase error carry out distance to initial data and move benefit to space-variant Repay processing, the data after obtaining motion compensation.
In this step, the inertial navigation parameter, pulse recurrence frequency and the different distance that are measured first according to carrier aircraft inertial navigation system The downwards angle of visibility of unit obtains kinematic error offset of the actual flight path relative to Desired Track, is obtained by kinematic error offset The phase error of echo-signal carries out motion compensation using the method for envelope correction, and envelope is corrected to observe scene center as base Be corrected on schedule, to phase error along distance to carry out space-variant motion compensation process.
Specifically, Fig. 2 shows the geometrical relationships of carrier aircraft actual flight path and Desired Track under positive side-looking mode.Wherein, x Axis is parallel to heading, i.e. orientation, and y-axis is perpendicular to heading, i.e., distance is to z-axis is vertical height direction.Point P is With interior any point target, θ is radar downwards angle of visibility for mapping, and H is flying height of the carrier aircraft relative to irradiation target face.Desired Track with The kinematic error offset of actual flight path can be decomposed into the component of three axis of orientations.Wherein, the error of carrier aircraft direction of advance is inclined Shifting amount is the component of heading x-axis direction, can be by adjusting pulse recurrence frequency (Pulse Repetition in real time Frequency, abbreviation PRF) it eliminates.Radar line of sight deflection error component is by the component Δ y (t) in y-axis direction and point in z-axis direction Δ z (t) composition is measured, is the main source of echo-signal error.Ideally, radar is in sustained height, along rectilinear flight, However, when practical flight, the velocity component along the z-axis direction measured in real time according to inertial navigation system causes offset Δ z (t).Edge The velocity component in y-axis direction, causes offset Δ y (t).Direction of visual lines kinematic error offset can indicate are as follows:
Δr(t;I)=Δ y (t) sin θi+Δz(t)·cosθi
cosθi=H/ri
Wherein, Δ r (t;It i) is range error of i-th of range pixel in t moment to SAR;r(t;I) indicate i-th away from From pixel with a distance from t moment to SAR;θiIndicate the corresponding radar downwards angle of visibility of i-th of range pixel;riIndicate i-th of Range Profile The corresponding Slant Visual Range of element.The corresponding radar visual angle of different distance pixel is different, and range pixel interval is c/2fs, wherein c is The light velocity, fsIt is distance to sample rate.
In practice, it may be expressed as: by the phase error that kinematic error offset obtains echo-signal
Wherein, λ is carrier wavelength.
By the exponential function exp (- j.phai (t of phase error;I) it) is multiplied with the initial data of SAR, obtains motion compensation Data afterwards, complete to initial data along distance to space-variant kinematic error compensation.This motion compensation as a result, can be by item Remove with most kinematic error.
Step S2: azimuth preprocessing is carried out to the data after motion compensation.
Referring to Fig. 3, step S2 includes:
Sub-step S21: clutter locking is carried out to the data after motion compensation, obtains the compensated data of Doppler center.
In practical flight, the unstability of carrier of radar flight attitude and the inhomogeneities of radar illumination scene, all It will cause echo center to swing on the frequency axis.Using balancing energy method, lateral direction power spectrum is directly divided into two parts by this method, Keep two-part energy equal, then the frequency at energy in part point is Doppler center.Related operation is carried out in frequency domain, is utilized The high efficiency of FFT is to reduce operand.
To the data after motion compensation, 1024 points of circular buffer of Data in Azimuth Direction, that is, carry out small-bore data in real time Caching, after the progress Doppler center estimation data cached to small-bore of above-mentioned balancing energy method, further according to the how general of estimation Data after strangling center compensation motion compensation:
In formula: s0(n) it is data after motion compensation;S (n) is the compensated signal of Doppler center;N indicates orientation Sampling number;fdcIndicate the Doppler center of estimation, PRF is pulse recurrence frequency.According to the property of Fourier transform it is found that when Domain phase compensation is equivalent to and the energy of echo-signal is moved on near zero-frequency at the centre frequency of frequency domain.
Sub-step S22: Pre- Filter is carried out to the compensated data of Doppler center.
Doppler bandwidth needed for the orientation sample rate of carried SAR is typically larger than orientation processing, belongs to over-sampling.It is suitable Locality, which reduces echo, can greatly reduce radar system under the premise of meeting picture quality in the sample rate of azimuth direction Whole data transfer rate, so that amount of storage and calculation amount reduce, to meet the requirement of real time imagery.Directly make orientation drop to adopt Sample, it is possible to lead to orientation power spectrum aliasing, cause image quality degradation.It therefore, can before orientation is down-sampled The compensated data of Doppler center are carried out with the FIR low-pass filtering of linear phase in orientation.On the one hand inhibit down-sampled Aliasing interference afterwards;On the other hand, using the linear phase characteristic of FIR, retain the phase information of echo.Doppler center is mended Data after repaying carry out convolution with low-pass FIR filter:
In formula: h (n) is the low-pass FIR filter with linear phase, and M is filter order, determines the mistake of filter Cross band and roll-off rate;Low-pass FIR filter can be constructed by window function metht, frequency domain synthesis method, method of Lagrange multipliers etc..Its Middle window function metht is since algorithm is simple and has explicit as a result, being therefore used widely.It is down-sampled when using window function metht Rate KpAnd cutoff frequency, it needs according to the processing capacity of the real-time processor of SAR and required orientation processing strip width come really Fixed, different mode value is different, KpCommon value has 3,4,5,6.The value of y (n) need not put calculating entirely, only in orientation point Serial number is KpAbility calculated result when integral multiple, for exporting.
Data after convolution are carried out down-sampled.Output result after down-sampled are as follows:
yout(k)=y (Kpn)
In formula: KpFor the down-sampled rate of orientation;yout(k) it is output after azimuth preprocessing.
It is illustrated in figure 3 the flow diagram of clutter locking and Azimuth Pre-filter combination, is cached by small-bore, using energy Amount equalization estimates Doppler center, to the data after motion compensation, Doppler center compensation is carried out in orientation, echo Near energy conversion to zero-frequency, then filtered by the low-pass filter of real number, the output knot after obtaining azimuth preprocessing Fruit.
Different from existing adaptive filter method, the present invention need not store whole echo datas, need to only store 1024 A range gate is estimated for Doppler center, relative to entire distance by radar doors number, usually 32768 or 65536 points, be The amount of storage of very little;Second is that first compensating echo with the Doppler center estimated, backward energy is transformed near zero-frequency, then It is filtered by the low-pass filter of real number.If indicating echo bearing to total points with N, M indicates filter order, KpFor side Position is to down-sampled rate, then operand of the invention adds up to (4N+2MN/Kp) secondary multiplication, 2N+2N/Kp(M-1) sub-addition;It is existing The operand of adaptive filter method be (2M+4MN/Kp) secondary multiplication, N/Kp(4M-1) sub-addition.The present invention is compared with adaptive The method operand of filtering reduces half, to substantially reduce processing delay, improves real-time performance.
Step S3: the pretreated data of orientation are compressed in distance to the synthesis of binary channels frequency band is carried out.
For the distance resolution for improving SAR system, signal bandwidth is improved using multichannel frequency band synthetic method.Bilateral Phase mismatch parameter between road is determined by SAR system, can be estimated according to experimental data, loads phase mismatch ginseng by master control DSP is counted to be handled in real time.
Distance is carried out to the data after Pre- Filter and synthesizes compression to binary channels frequency band: in wide swath imaging When, FFT the and IFFT operation completed compared with high math power is decomposed using temporal decimation, saves real-time operation time and memory space; Before flight experiment, according to the big closed-loop data of radar, a phase error and constant in two channels of radar system are estimated Phase error splices the frequency spectrum in two channels in frequency domain, directly with the estimating phase error value in real time to two in mission phase The phase error in channel compensates.
Step S4: adjust the distance to compressed data carry out three-leaf type two dimensional transposition, and to after transposition data carry out away from It is corrected from migration.
Firstly, the Duplication in order to keep half between two frame data of orientation, complete using three-leaf type two dimensional transposition At SAR data from distance to the transposition to orientation.When issuing Data in Azimuth Direction, Data in Azimuth Direction is quickly sent out using timing, The prestissimo of hair number is determined according to the maximum processing capability of orientation and algorithm operation quantity.It is handled and is passed according to hardware DSP Movement Capabilities estimate maximum transmission frequency, guarantee to complete subsequent treating capacity in the time frame.
The benefit handled in this way is that the imaging delay of every frame data is not influenced substantially by front end PRF, is handled It is high-efficient, the delay of Real-Time Imaging System is largely reduced, the performance indicator of Real-Time Imaging System is improved.
Relative motion between radar and target, on the one hand brings the phase-modulation of orientation, on the other hand makes same Point target echo delay in different orientation is different, i.e., so-called range migration.After transposition operation, in range Doppler Domain carries out range migration correction to the data after transposition using linear interpolation method.It is corrected by migration, enables the same target Amount is gathered in same range gate and is unfolded along orientation.
Step S5: the PGA self-focusing that the data after migration of adjusting the distance correction improve.
The Phase gradient autofocus PGA processing that data after migration of adjusting the distance correction improve, obtains and corrects SAR number According to residual error phase, by SAR data block along orientation divide overlapping n sub-aperture, n is natural number.To each data block In each sub-aperture improve PGA processing, standard PGA processing step includes: selected distance door, cyclic shift, adding window Processing, phase gradient estimation and iteration correction.In standard PGA processing step, when selecting estimation point, arranged first according to maximum value Sequence, the present invention improve on this basis, referring to fig. 4, when selecting estimation point, are sorted according to maximum value, are then increased first Add contrast to sort, in energy is relatively a little bigger, filter out the biggish scattering point of contrast, is conducive to select so isolated strong scattered Exit point improves the accuracy of phase error estimation and phase error.After selecting the big scattering point of contrast, to scattering point cyclic shift, carry out Windowing process is then based on the irreducible phase errors that linear unbiased minimum variance estimation goes out each sub-aperture in each SAR data block Gradient.Finally n sub-aperture estimation irreducible phase errors splice, spliced phase error compensation is moved to distance In data after dynamic correction.
Step S6: carrying out Azimuth Compression to the data after self-focusing, reverse and set and Real Time Compression, obtains SAR compression image.
Sub-step S61: Azimuth Compression is carried out to the data after self-focusing.
It in this step, is completed in frequency domain, after the processing of orientation filter match, the SAR image of high quality can be obtained.
Sub-step S62: data after Azimuth Compression reverse and are set.
This step complete radar data from orientation go to distance to transposition can be in one band of practical flight Continuous realtime graphic in orientation out.
Sub-step S63: carrying out Real Time Compression to the data that reverse postpones, and obtains SAR compression image.
This step realizes radar image data compression processing.According to the requirement of data transmission rate, different compression ratios is selected Rate.After reducing data transfer rate, image passes to ground, handles by image decompressor, and ground is observed that the image handled in real time.
SAR imaging device of the invention, that processing chip is selected is TMS320C6678, carry on DSP processing board plate DDR3 particle total capacity is 4GB.Fig. 5 is SAR image device structure functional diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention, using DSP6678 Chip completes carried SAR real time imagery, and each DPS chip completes one or more steps, and each chip uses continuous productive process, guarantees In radar flight, the real time radar image of continuously stable high quality can be generated.Fig. 6 is that apparatus of the present invention return radar The radar image obtained after wave data processing.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects Describe in detail bright, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, it is all Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in protection of the invention Within the scope of.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of carried SAR real time imagery method characterized by comprising
Estimate kinematic error offset and phase error, distance is carried out to space-variant motion compensation process to initial data, is obtained Data after motion compensation;
Azimuth preprocessing is carried out to the data after motion compensation;
The pretreated data of orientation are compressed in distance to the synthesis of binary channels frequency band is carried out;
It adjusts the distance and carries out three-leaf type two dimensional transposition to compressed data, and range migration correction is carried out to the data after transposition;
The PGA self-focusing that data after migration of adjusting the distance correction improve, wherein the improved PGA self-focusing is compared with standard PGA self-focusing is in selective scattering point, in energy compared with the biggish scattering point of a little bigger middle comparative selection degree;And
Azimuth Compression is carried out to the data after self-focusing, reverses and sets and Real Time Compression, obtains SAR compression image.
2. carried SAR real time imagery method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the estimation kinematic error offset Amount and phase error carry out distance to space-variant motion compensation process to initial data, data after obtaining motion compensation, packet It includes:
According to the downwards angle of visibility of inertial navigation parameter, pulse recurrence frequency and different distance unit, obtains actual flight path and navigate relative to ideal The kinematic error offset of mark;
The phase error of echo-signal is obtained by kinematic error offset;
The exponential function of phase error is multiplied with initial data, the data after obtaining motion compensation.
3. carried SAR real time imagery method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the number to after motion compensation According to progress azimuth preprocessing, comprising:
Clutter locking is carried out to the data after motion compensation, obtains the compensated data of Doppler center;
Pre- Filter is carried out to the compensated data of Doppler center.
4. carried SAR real time imagery method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the number to after motion compensation According to clutter locking is carried out, the compensated data of Doppler center are obtained, comprising:
Small-bore data buffer storage is carried out to the data after motion compensation, it is more using the progress data cached to small-bore of balancing energy method General Le center estimation;
According to the compensated data of Doppler center compensation campaign of estimation.
5. carried SAR real time imagery method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described to compensate Doppler center Data afterwards carry out Pre- Filter, comprising:
The compensated data of Doppler center and low-pass FIR filter carry out convolution;
Data after convolution are carried out with down-sampled data after obtaining azimuth preprocessing.
6. carried SAR real time imagery method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that after the migration correction of adjusting the distance The PGA self-focusing that improves of data, comprising:
Scattering point is chosen according to energy and contrast;
To scattering point cyclic shift;
Carry out windowing process;
Estimate irreducible phase errors;
Correct irreducible phase errors.
7. carried SAR real time imagery method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the range migration correction be Range-Dopler domain is completed using linear interpolation method.
8. carried SAR real time imagery method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the kinematic error offset-lists It is shown as:
Δr(t;I)=Δ y (t) sin θi+Δz(t)·cosθi
cosθi=H/ri
Wherein, Δ r (t;It i) is kinematic error offset of i-th of range pixel in t moment to SAR;θiIndicate i-th of Range Profile The corresponding radar downwards angle of visibility of element;riIndicate the corresponding Slant Visual Range of i-th of range pixel;H is carrier aircraft relative to irradiation target face Flying height;Δ y (t), Δ z (t) are respectively distance to the kinematic error offset with vertical height direction.
9. carried SAR real time imagery method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that
The phase error of the echo-signal is expressed as:
Wherein, λ is carrier wavelength, Δ r (t;It i) is kinematic error offset of i-th of range pixel in t moment to SAR.
10. carried SAR real time imagery method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the index letter of the phase error Number is exp (- jphai (t;i)).
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