CN106772374A - A kind of method of carried SAR real time imagery - Google Patents

A kind of method of carried SAR real time imagery Download PDF

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CN106772374A
CN106772374A CN201611213939.1A CN201611213939A CN106772374A CN 106772374 A CN106772374 A CN 106772374A CN 201611213939 A CN201611213939 A CN 201611213939A CN 106772374 A CN106772374 A CN 106772374A
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real time
distance
motion compensation
sar
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CN106772374B (en
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刘碧丹
刘畅
王岩飞
王超
王�琦
詹学丽
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Institute of Electronics of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9004SAR image acquisition techniques
    • G01S13/9019Auto-focussing of the SAR signals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method of carried SAR real time imagery, including:Estimate kinematic error side-play amount and phase error, row distance is entered to initial data to space-variant motion compensation process, obtain the data after motion compensation;Azimuth preprocessing is carried out to the data after motion compensation;The pretreated data of orientation are compressed in distance to the synthesis of binary channels frequency band is carried out;Adjust the distance and carry out three-leaf type two dimensional transposition to the data after compression, and range migration correction is carried out to the data after transposition;The PGA self-focusings that data after migration of adjusting the distance correction are improved;And, the data after self-focusing are carried out with Azimuth Compression, reverse and is put and Real Time Compression, obtain SAR compression images.The Real-Time Imaging System that the present invention synthesizes suitable for carried SAR distance to binary channels frequency band, is provided simultaneously with imaging quality and relatively low processor time delay higher.

Description

A kind of method of carried SAR real time imagery
Technical field
The present invention relates to airborne radar imaging technical field, more particularly to a kind of airborne synthetic aperture radar (Synthetic Aperture Radar, abbreviation SAR) real time imagery method.
Background technology
SAR is a kind of microwave imaging system for being capable of the work of round-the-clock, round-the-clock, it is possible to provide target observation region is on a large scale High-resolution radar image.It is widely used in the disaster monitorings such as survey of territorial resources, crops monitoring, flood, earthquake, and The numerous areas such as national defence.Due to the disturbance of air, the practical flight of carried SAR platform is commonly present certain relative to preferable course line Deviation, so as to cause the image defocus of imaging, machine kinematic error is the main source of echo data phase error.It is how fast It is the major issue that current carried SAR real time imagery is badly in need of solving to obtain high-quality image fastly.
The content of the invention
(1) technical problem to be solved
For the problem that prior art is present, the present invention provides a kind of carried SAR real time imagery method, to realize high-resolution Rate low delay is imaged.
(2) technical scheme
A kind of carried SAR real time imagery method, including:
Estimate kinematic error side-play amount and phase error, row distance entered to initial data to space-variant motion compensation process, Obtain the data after motion compensation;
Azimuth preprocessing is carried out to the data after motion compensation;
The pretreated data of orientation are compressed in distance to the synthesis of binary channels frequency band is carried out;
Adjust the distance and carry out three-leaf type two dimensional transposition to the data after compression, and range migration school is carried out to the data after transposition Just;
The PGA self-focusings that data after migration of adjusting the distance correction are improved;And,
Data after self-focusing are carried out with Azimuth Compression, reverse to put and Real Time Compression, SAR compression images are obtained.
It is described to estimate kinematic error side-play amount and phase error in such scheme, row distance is entered to initial data to sky Become motion compensation process, obtain the data after motion compensation, including:
According to the downwards angle of visibility of inertial navigation parameter, pulse recurrence frequency and different distance unit, actual flight path is obtained relative to reason Think the kinematic error side-play amount of flight path;
The phase error of echo-signal is obtained by kinematic error side-play amount;
The exponential function of phase error is multiplied with initial data, the data after motion compensation are obtained.
In such scheme, the data to after motion compensation carry out azimuth preprocessing, including:
Clutter locking is carried out to the data after motion compensation, the data after Doppler center compensation are obtained;
Data after compensating Doppler center carry out Pre- Filter.
In such scheme, the data to after motion compensation carry out clutter locking, after obtaining Doppler center compensation Data, including:
Small-bore data buffer storage is carried out to the data after motion compensation, using balancing energy method it is data cached to small-bore enter Row Doppler center is estimated;
According to the data after the Doppler center compensation campaign compensation estimated.
In such scheme, the data after the compensation to Doppler center carry out Pre- Filter, including:
Data after Doppler center compensation carry out convolution with low-pass FIR filter;
Data after convolution are carried out down-sampled, obtain the data after azimuth preprocessing.
In such scheme, the PGA self-focusings that the data after the migration correction of adjusting the distance are improved, including:
Scattering point is chosen according to energy and contrast;
To scattering point cyclic shift;
Carry out windowing process;
Estimate irreducible phase errors;
Correction irreducible phase errors.
In such scheme, the range migration correction is, in range-Dopler domain, to be completed using linear interpolation method.
In such scheme, the kinematic error offset-lists are shown as:
Δr(t;I)=Δ y (t) sin θi+Δz(t)·cosθi
cosθi=H/ri
Wherein, Δ r (t;I) it is range error of i-th range pixel in t to SAR;θiRepresent i-th Range Profile The corresponding radar downwards angle of visibility of element;riRepresent the corresponding Slant Visual Range of i-th range pixel;H is carrier aircraft relative to irradiation target face Flying height;Δ y (t), Δ z (t) are respectively distance to the range error with vertical height direction.
In such scheme, the phase error of the echo-signal is expressed as:
Wherein, λ is carrier wavelength, Δ r (t;I) it is range error of i-th range pixel in t to SAR.
In such scheme, the exponential function of the phase error is exp (- jphai (t;i)).
(3) beneficial effect
The method of the carried SAR real time imagery that the present invention is provided uses range-Dopler domain imaging algorithm, with reference to along distance To space-variant motion compensation, clutter locking, distance to skills such as binary channels frequency band synthetic technology, improved self-focusing and the fast hairs of timing Art, possesses imaging quality and relatively low processor time delay higher.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is carried SAR real time imagery method flow schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the geometrical relationship schematic diagram of carried SAR actual flight path provided in an embodiment of the present invention and Desired Track.
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet that clutter locking provided in an embodiment of the present invention and orientation pretreatment are combined.
Fig. 4 is improvement PGA self-focusing processing method schematic flow sheets provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is SAR image device structures schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the image after Real-time processing provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference Accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of carried SAR real time imagery method is the embodiment of the invention provides, referring to Fig. 1, the method includes:
Step S1:Estimate kinematic error side-play amount and phase error, row distance is entered to initial data and moves benefit to space-variant Treatment is repaid, the data after motion compensation are obtained.
In this step, inertial navigation parameter, pulse recurrence frequency and the different distance for being measured according to carrier aircraft inertial navigation system first The downwards angle of visibility of unit, obtains actual flight path relative to the kinematic error side-play amount of Desired Track, is obtained by kinematic error side-play amount The phase error of echo-signal, the method corrected using envelope carries out motion compensation, and envelope is corrected to observe scene center as base It is corrected on schedule, to phase error along distance to the motion compensation process for carrying out space-variant.
Specifically, Fig. 2 shows the geometrical relationship of the carrier aircraft actual flight path and Desired Track under positive side-looking mode.Wherein, x , parallel to heading, i.e. orientation, y-axis is perpendicular to heading, i.e. distance to z-axis is vertical height direction for axle.Point P is With interior any point target, θ is radar downwards angle of visibility for mapping, and H is flying height of the carrier aircraft relative to irradiation target face.Desired Track with The kinematic error side-play amount of actual flight path can be decomposed into three components of axis of orientation.Wherein, the error of carrier aircraft direction of advance is inclined Shifting amount is the component in heading x-axis direction, can be by real-time adjustment pulse recurrence frequency (Pulse Repetition Frequency, abbreviation PRF) eliminate.Radar line of sight deflection error component is by component Δ y (t) in y-axis direction and dividing for z-axis direction Amount Δ z (t) composition, is the main source of echo-signal error.Ideally, radar is in sustained height, along rectilinear flight, However, during practical flight, according to the velocity component along the z-axis direction that inertial navigation system is measured in real time, causing offset Δ z (t).Edge The velocity component in y-axis direction, causes offset Δ y (t).Direction of visual lines kinematic error side-play amount can be expressed as:
Δr(t;I)=Δ y (t) sin θi+Δz(t)·cosθi
cosθi=H/ri
Wherein, Δ r (t;I) it is range error of i-th range pixel in t to SAR;r(t;I) represent i-th away from From pixel with a distance from t to SAR;θiRepresent the corresponding radar downwards angle of visibility of i-th range pixel;riRepresent i-th Range Profile The corresponding Slant Visual Range of element.The corresponding radar visual angle of different distance pixel is different, and range pixel interval is c/2fs, wherein, c is The light velocity, fsIt is distance to sample rate.
In practice, the phase error for obtaining echo-signal by kinematic error side-play amount is represented by:
Wherein, λ is carrier wavelength.
By the exponential function exp (- j.phai (t of phase error;I)) it is multiplied with the initial data of SAR, obtains motion compensation Data afterwards, complete to initial data along distance to space-variant kinematic error compensation.The result of this motion compensation, can be by bar Remove with most kinematic error.
Step S2:Azimuth preprocessing is carried out to the data after motion compensation.
Referring to Fig. 3, step S2 includes:
Sub-step S21:Clutter locking is carried out to the data after motion compensation, the data after Doppler center compensation are obtained.
In practical flight, the unstability of carrier of radar flight attitude, and radar illumination scene inhomogeneities, all Echo center can be caused to swing on the frequency axis.Using balancing energy method, lateral direction power spectrum is directly divided into two parts by the method, Make two-part energy equal, then the frequency at energy in part point is Doppler center.Related operation is carried out in frequency domain, is utilized The high efficiency of FFT is reducing operand.
To the data after motion compensation, the Data in Azimuth Direction of 1024 points of circular buffer, that is, carry out small-bore data in real time Caching, it is how general further according to what is estimated after carrying out Doppler center estimation using above-mentioned balancing energy method is data cached to small-bore Strangle the data after center compensation motion compensation:
In formula:s0N () is the data after motion compensation;S (n) is the signal after Doppler center compensation;N represents orientation Sampling number;fdcThe Doppler center estimated is represented, PRF is pulse recurrence frequency.It can be seen from property according to Fourier transform, when Domain phase compensation, moves on near zero-frequency equivalent to the energy of echo-signal at the centre frequency of frequency domain.
Sub-step S22:Data after compensating Doppler center carry out Pre- Filter.
The orientation sample rate of carried SAR is typically larger than the required doppler bandwidth of orientation treatment, belongs to over-sampling.It is suitable Locality reduces echo in the sample rate of azimuth direction, on the premise of picture quality is met, can greatly reduce radar system Overall data transfer rate so that amount of storage and amount of calculation reduction, so as to meet the requirement of real time imagery.Directly make orientation drop to adopt Sample, it is possible to cause orientation power spectrum aliasing, cause image quality degradation.Therefore, before orientation is down-sampled, can The FIR LPFs of linear phase are carried out in orientation with the data after compensating Doppler center.On the one hand suppress down-sampled Aliasing interference afterwards;On the other hand, using the linear phase characteristic of FIR, the phase information of echo is retained.Doppler center is mended Data after repaying, convolution is carried out with low-pass FIR filter:
In formula:H (n) is the low-pass FIR filter with linear phase, and M is filter order, determines the mistake of wave filter Cross band and roll-off rate;Low-pass FIR filter can be constructed by window function metht, frequency domain synthesis method, method of Lagrange multipliers etc..Its Middle window function metht is used widely because algorithm is simple and has explicit result.It is down-sampled during using window function metht Rate KpWith cut-off frequency, it is necessary to disposal ability and required orientation the treatment strip width of real-time processor according to SAR come true Fixed, different mode value is different, KpCommon value has 3,4,5,6.The value of y (n) need not entirely put calculating, only in orientation point Sequence number is KpAbility result of calculation during integral multiple, for exporting.
Data after convolution are carried out down-sampled.Output result after down-sampled is:
yout(k)=y (Kpn)
In formula:KpIt is the down-sampled rate of orientation;youtK () is the output after azimuth preprocessing.
The schematic flow sheet that clutter locking and Azimuth Pre-filter are combined is illustrated in figure 3, is cached by small-bore, using energy Amount equalization estimates Doppler center, to the data after motion compensation, Doppler center compensation is carried out in orientation, echo Then energy conversion is filtered near zero-frequency by the low pass filter of real number, obtains the output knot after azimuth preprocessing Really.
Different from existing adaptive filter method, the present invention need not store whole echo datas, only need to store 1024 Individual range gate is estimated for Doppler center, relative to whole distance by radar doors number, usually 32768 or 65536 points, be The amount of storage of very little;Two is first to compensate echo with the Doppler center for estimating, and backward energy is transformed near zero-frequency, then Filtered by the low pass filter of real number.If representing echo bearing to total points with N, M represents filter order, KpIt is side Position adds up to (4N+2MN/K to down-sampled rate, then operand of the inventionp) secondary multiplication, 2N+2N/Kp(M-1) sub-addition;It is existing The operand of adaptive filter method be (2M+4MN/Kp) secondary multiplication, N/Kp(4M-1) sub-addition.The present invention is than self adaptation The method operand of filtering reduces half, postpones so as to substantially reduce treatment, improves real-time performance.
Step S3:The pretreated data of orientation are compressed in distance to the synthesis of binary channels frequency band is carried out.
To improve the range resolution ratio of SAR system, signal bandwidth is improved using the method for multichannel frequency band synthesis.Bilateral Phase mismatch parameter between road is determined, can estimated according to experimental data that loading phase mismatch by master control joins by SAR system Counting to DSP carries out real-time processing.
Data after Pre- Filter are entered with row distance and synthesizes compression to binary channels frequency band:In wide swath imaging When, FFT the and IFFT computings completed compared with high math power are decomposed using temporal decimation, save real-time operation time and memory space; Before flight experiment, according to the big closed-loop data of radar, a phase error and constant of two passages of radar system are estimated Phase error, in mission phase, splices the frequency spectrum of two passages, directly with the estimating phase error value in real time to two in frequency domain The phase error of passage is compensated.
Step S4:Adjust the distance and carry out three-leaf type two dimensional transposition to the data after compression, and line-spacing is entered to the data after transposition From migration correction.
First, it is complete using three-leaf type two dimensional transposition for the Duplication of the holding half between two frame data of orientation Into SAR data from distance to the transposition to orientation.When Data in Azimuth Direction is sent, using the quick hair Data in Azimuth Direction of timing, The prestissimo for sending out number determines according to the maximum processing capability and algorithm operation quantity of orientation.According to hardware DSP treatment and biography Movement Capabilities, estimate the transmission frequency of maximum, it is ensured that treating capacity below is completed in the time frame.
The benefit of so treatment is that the imaging time delay for every frame data is not influenceed by front end PRF substantially, treatment Efficiency high, largely reduces the time delay of Real-Time Imaging System, improves the performance indications of Real-Time Imaging System.
Relative motion between radar and target, on the one hand brings the phase-modulation of orientation, on the other hand makes same Point target echo time delay in different orientation is different, i.e., so-called range migration.After transposition operation, in range Doppler Data after transposition are carried out range migration correction by domain using linear interpolation method.Corrected by migration, enable same target Amount is gathered in same range gate and launches along orientation.
Step S5:The PGA self-focusings that data after migration of adjusting the distance correction are improved.
The Phase gradient autofocus PGA treatment that data after migration of adjusting the distance correction are improved, obtains and corrects SAR numbers According to residual error phase, by SAR data block along orientation divide overlap n sub-aperture, n is natural number.To each data block In the PGA treatment that is improved of each sub-aperture, standard PGA process steps include:Selected distance door, cyclic shift, adding window Treatment, phase gradient is estimated and iteration correction.In standard PGA process steps, during selection estimation point, arranged according to maximum first Sequence, the present invention is improved on this basis, referring to Fig. 4, when estimation point is selected, is sorted according to maximum first, Ran Houzeng Plus contrast sequence, in energy is relatively a little bigger, filter out the larger scattering point of contrast, it is so isolated strong scattered beneficial to selecting Exit point, improves the degree of accuracy of phase error estimation and phase error.After selecting the big scattering point of contrast, to scattering point cyclic shift, carry out Windowing process, is then based on the irreducible phase errors that linear unbiased minimum variance estimation goes out each sub-aperture in each SAR data block Gradient.The carrying out that n sub-aperture is finally estimated irreducible phase errors is spliced, and spliced phase error compensation is moved to distance In data after dynamic correction.
Step S6:Data after self-focusing are carried out with Azimuth Compression, reverse to put and Real Time Compression, SAR compression images are obtained.
Sub-step S61:Azimuth Compression is carried out to the data after self-focusing.
In this step, completed in frequency domain, after the treatment of orientation filter match, can obtain high-quality SAR image.
Sub-step S62:Reverse is carried out to data after Azimuth Compression to put.
This step complete radar data from orientation go to distance to transposition, in one band of practical flight, can be with Go out along the continuous realtime graphic in orientation.
Sub-step S63:Real Time Compression is carried out to the data that reverse is postponed, SAR compression images are obtained.
This step, realizes that radar image data compression is processed.According to the requirement of data transmission rate, different compression ratios are selected Rate.After reducing data transfer rate, image passes to ground, is processed by image decompressor, and ground is observed that the image of real-time processing.
SAR imaging devices of the invention, that process chip is selected is TMS320C6678, carry on DSP process plate plates DDR3 particles total capacity is 4GB.Fig. 5 is SAR image device structures functional diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention, using DSP6678 Chip completes carried SAR real time imagery, and each DPS chip completes one or more steps, and each chip uses continuous productive process, it is ensured that In radar flight, the high-quality real time radar image of continuous stabilization can be generated.Fig. 6 is that apparatus of the present invention are returned to radar The radar image obtained after ripple data processing.
Particular embodiments described above, has been carried out further in detail to the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect Describe in detail bright, it should be understood that the foregoing is only specific embodiment of the invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc. should be included in protection of the invention Within the scope of.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of carried SAR real time imagery method, it is characterised in that including:
Estimate kinematic error side-play amount and phase error, row distance is entered to initial data to space-variant motion compensation process, obtain Data after motion compensation;
Azimuth preprocessing is carried out to the data after motion compensation;
The pretreated data of orientation are compressed in distance to the synthesis of binary channels frequency band is carried out;
Adjust the distance and carry out three-leaf type two dimensional transposition to the data after compression, and range migration correction is carried out to the data after transposition;
The PGA self-focusings that data after migration of adjusting the distance correction are improved;And,
Data after self-focusing are carried out with Azimuth Compression, reverse to put and Real Time Compression, SAR compression images are obtained.
2. carried SAR real time imagery method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the estimation kinematic error skew Amount and phase error, row distance is entered to initial data to space-variant motion compensation process, obtains the data after motion compensation, is wrapped Include:
According to the downwards angle of visibility of inertial navigation parameter, pulse recurrence frequency and different distance unit, obtain actual flight path and navigated relative to ideal The kinematic error side-play amount of mark;
The phase error of echo-signal is obtained by kinematic error side-play amount;
The exponential function of phase error is multiplied with initial data, the data after motion compensation are obtained.
3. carried SAR real time imagery method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the number to after motion compensation According to carrying out azimuth preprocessing, including:
Clutter locking is carried out to the data after motion compensation, the data after Doppler center compensation are obtained;
Data after compensating Doppler center carry out Pre- Filter.
4. carried SAR real time imagery method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the number to after motion compensation According to clutter locking is carried out, the data after Doppler center compensation are obtained, including:
Small-bore data buffer storage is carried out to the data after motion compensation, using balancing energy method it is data cached to small-bore carry out it is many Estimate at Pu Le centers;
According to the data after the Doppler center compensation campaign compensation estimated.
5. carried SAR real time imagery method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described to compensate Doppler center Data afterwards carry out Pre- Filter, including:
Data after Doppler center compensation carry out convolution with low-pass FIR filter;
Data after convolution are carried out down-sampled, obtain the data after azimuth preprocessing.
6. carried SAR real time imagery method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that after the migration correction of adjusting the distance The PGA self-focusings that are improved of data, including:
Scattering point is chosen according to energy and contrast;
To scattering point cyclic shift;
Carry out windowing process;
Estimate irreducible phase errors;
Correction irreducible phase errors.
7. carried SAR real time imagery method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the range migration correction be Range-Dopler domain, is completed using linear interpolation method.
8. carried SAR real time imagery method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the kinematic error offset-lists It is shown as:
Δr(t;I)=Δ y (t) sin θi+Δz(t)·cosθi
cosθi=H/ri
Wherein, Δ r (t;I) it is range error of i-th range pixel in t to SAR;θiRepresent i-th range pixel correspondence Radar downwards angle of visibility;riRepresent the corresponding Slant Visual Range of i-th range pixel;H is flight of the carrier aircraft relative to irradiation target face Highly;Δ y (t), Δ z (t) are respectively distance to the range error with vertical height direction.
9. carried SAR real time imagery method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that
The phase error of the echo-signal is expressed as:
p h a i ( t ; i ) = 4 π λ Δ r ( t ; i )
Wherein, λ is carrier wavelength, Δ r (t;I) it is range error of i-th range pixel in t to SAR.
10. carried SAR real time imagery method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the index letter of the phase error Number is exp (- jphai (t;i)).
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CN110873881A (en) * 2019-11-29 2020-03-10 上海无线电设备研究所 Self-focusing algorithm based on DSP TMS320C6678 chip and application
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