CN106772362A - Rail SAR high is vertical to non-homogeneous Vegetation canopy backscattering coefficient analogy method - Google Patents
Rail SAR high is vertical to non-homogeneous Vegetation canopy backscattering coefficient analogy method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106772362A CN106772362A CN201611126699.1A CN201611126699A CN106772362A CN 106772362 A CN106772362 A CN 106772362A CN 201611126699 A CN201611126699 A CN 201611126699A CN 106772362 A CN106772362 A CN 106772362A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/885—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for ground probing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
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Abstract
It is vertical to non-homogeneous Vegetation canopy backscattering coefficient analogy method the invention relates to a kind of rail SAR high, comprise the following steps：Determine the species of Vegetation canopy component；Determine the vertical to distribution function of various types of vegetation component volume density；Calculate the thin layer back scattering matrix in double-matrix algorithm；Calculate the backscattering coefficient of Vegetation canopy.Vegetation canopy assembly body dense vertical is introduced double-matrix algorithm and carries out backscattering coefficient simulation by the present invention to distribution function, for the vertical influence research caused to backscattering coefficient to heterogeneity of simulation Vegetation canopy provides approach, it is particularly suited for rail SAR observations high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vegetation radar remote sensing observational study field, more particularly to a kind of rail SAR high is vertical to non-homogeneous
The analogy method of Vegetation canopy backscattering coefficient.
Background technology
Vegetation canopy backscattering coefficient analogue technique is used to interpret the interaction of radar electromagnetic wave and Vegetation canopy,
Exploitation Vegetation canopy parametric inversion technology can be aided in, is carried out the vegetation space survey techniques based on radar remote sensing and is studied.At present
Vegetation canopy backscattering coefficient mathematical calculation model more assume Vegetation canopy for vertical to uniform, lack for Vegetation canopy
Vertically portrayed to heteropical.But, the Vegetation canopy in nature exists extensive vertical to heterogeneity, uniformity
Assuming that limiting vegetation backscattering coefficient model for the ability of theory analysis, it is impossible to mutual with vegetation to microwave electromagnetic waves
The mechanism of action makes accurately explanation.
As can be seen here, above-mentioned existing Vegetation canopy backscattering coefficient analogy method is upper with use in method, it is clear that still
Inconvenience and defect are there are, and is urgently further improved, especially with rail synthetic aperture radar (Synthetic high
Aperture Radar, SAR) when being observed, the geostationary orbit of height 360000km is located at due to it, it is vertical to vegetation
Requirement higher is proposed to the observation of inhomogeneities.Therefore, how to found that a kind of new can to portray Vegetation canopy vertical
It is one of important research and development problem of current this area to heteropical backscattering coefficient method for numerical simulation.
The content of the invention
It is vertical to non-homogeneous Vegetation canopy back scattering system that the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of rail SAR high
Number analogy method, be carries out the vertical to inhomogeneities of correction when vegetation is observed, removal or analysis vegetation using rail SAR high
There is provided approach, so as to overcome the shortcomings of existing Vegetation canopy backscattering coefficient analogy method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, a kind of rail SAR high of the present invention is vertical to non-homogeneous Vegetation canopy backscattering coefficient
Analogy method, comprises the following steps：Determine the species of Vegetation canopy component；Determine various types of vegetation component volume density it is vertical to
Distribution function Nj(h)；Calculate the thin layer back scattering matrix in double-matrix algorithm；Vegetation canopy is calculated based on double-matrix algorithm
Backscattering coefficient.Wherein, the thin layer back scattering matrix S in double-matrix algorithm is with the computing formula of forward scattering matrix T：
In formula：θiIt is incidence angle, θsIt is angle of scattering,It is incident orientation angle,It is scattering azimuth, U-1It is diagonal matrix,
Matrix element is the cosine for scattering direction, and P is EM scattering phase matrix, by the morphosis of incident electromagnetic field and vegetation component,
Dielectric property etc. determines that h is position of the vegetation component in canopy, and Δ z is each thickness of thin layer, and N is in unit thin layer volume
Vegetation canopy component density, n is the species number of Vegetation canopy component, and j represents jth class Vegetation canopy component.
The category of described Vegetation canopy component is including blade, cane, branch, fruit or flower etc..
The backscattering coefficient of described calculating Vegetation canopy is comprised the following steps：Upper and lower two small thin layers are calculated to constitute
Thickness be 2 Δ z thin layer back scattering matrix S ' and forward scattering matrix T '；Repeating above-mentioned being calculated needs thickness
The back scattering matrix S of dielectric layer0；Calculate backscattering coefficient σ0；Wherein, back scattering matrix S ' and forward scattering matrix T '
Computing formula be：
The computing formula of backscattering coefficient is：σ0=4 π S0
In formula, S1It is the back scattering matrix of ground floor, T1It is the forward scattering matrix of ground floor, S2After the second layer
To collision matrix, T2It is the forward scattering matrix of the second layer, backward and forward scattering square when * represents that incident direction is reversely incident
Battle array.
After such design, the present invention is vertical to distribution letter by the volume density of various types of vegetation component in Vegetation canopy
Number introduces double-matrix algorithm and carries out backscattering coefficient simulation, is to simulate Vegetation canopy vertically to heterogeneity to back scattering system
The influence research that number is caused provides approach, is particularly suited for observation of the SAR satellites to vegetation target under board pattern high.
Brief description of the drawings
Above-mentioned is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to better understand technological means of the invention, below
With reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment.
Fig. 1 be rail SAR high of the invention it is vertical to non-homogeneous Vegetation canopy backscattering coefficient analogy method the step of flow
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the volume density N defined in modeling space under rail SAR observation modes highjIt is fixed with Vegetation canopy inner space
The volume density μ of justicejSchematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention calculates Multiple Scattering mistake of the two neighboring thin layer for per incident energy using double-matrix algorithm
Journey.
Fig. 4 is the cone canopy schematic diagram that the present invention is simulated experiment.
When Fig. 5 is that the present invention is simulated experiment, same preferable canopy is respectively vertically to uniform vertical to non-homogeneous
Assuming that under VV polarization backscattering coefficient analog result.
Specific embodiment
Refer to shown in Fig. 1, a kind of rail SAR high of the present invention is vertical to non-homogeneous Vegetation canopy backscattering coefficient simulation side
The key step of method includes determining the species of Vegetation canopy component, determines that vegetation component volume density is vertical to distribution function, according to
The vertical thin-layer scattering matrix calculated to distribution function in double-matrix algorithm for determining, and the back scattering for calculating Vegetation canopy
Coefficient.
Specifically, first, the species of vegetation component in Vegetation canopy is determined.
Vegetation component refers to the minimum unit of calculating collision matrix in discrete type Microwave Backscattering Model, and species includes blade, stem
Bar, branch, fruit, flower etc..
Secondly, the vertical to distribution function of various types of vegetation component first kind volume density is determined.
The various types of volume density of vegetation component refers to the quantity of species vegetation component unit volume Nei, and unit is " individual every cube
Rice " or " individual every cubic decimeter " etc..Because volume density can be because the difference of measurement space changes, to being related to two in this patent
Plant volume density NjWith μjNeeds are distinguish between.Refer to shown in Fig. 2, wherein the former NjRepresent under SAR moonscope patterns, dissipate
The volume density of the jth class canopy component penetrated in model modeling space, the latter μjRepresent canopy interior volume jth class vegetation component
Volume density.For simplicity is remembered, N in this patentjReferred to as first kind volume density, μjReferred to as Equations of The Second Kind volume density.In this step implementation method
" volume density " in " determining the vertical to distribution function of various types of vegetation component volume density " refers to first kind volume density Nj。
It is N to distribution function that the first kind volume density of jth class vegetation component is vertical in note canopyjH (), wherein h represent hat
In the upward location variable of height, canopy bottom h=0, note canopy thickness is H to vegetation component in layer, then canopy highest point has h=
H。
NjH () can be using four kinds of determination methods：
(1) field survey.By quantity of the various types of vegetation component on each height in field survey canopy, divided by modeling
Spatial volume, obtains the vertical to distribution function of various types of vegetation component first kind volume density in canopy；
(2) growth model.By three-dimensional plant growth model, the virtual canopy of kindred plant can be obtained, according to virtual
The position of various types of vegetation component obtains the vertical to distribution letter of various types of vegetation component first kind volume density in canopy in canopy
Number；
(3) equivalent replacement.Vertical by its dependent variable replaces various types of vegetation assembly body in canopy close to distribution function
That spends is vertical to distribution function, and such as NDVI (plant by Normalized Differential Vegetation Index, normalization
By index) etc.；
(4) theory hypothesis.Sometimes for simply obtain canopy in various types of vegetation component first kind volume density it is vertical
To distribution function, it is also possible to rule of thumb directly give NjThe concrete functional form of (h), such as Nj(h)=1000* (10-h) h ∈
[0,10]。
Again, according to the vertical thin-layer scattering matrix calculated to distribution function in double-matrix algorithm for determining.
Various types of vegetation component volume density is vertical to distribution function N in the canopy that will be determinedjH () includes double-matrix calculation
In method framework.
In double-matrix algorithm, canopy is divided into a series of thin layers first, each thickness of thin layer is Δ z, and note P is the thin layer
Single scattering phase matrix, then for vertically to uniform canopy, it can be expressed as with forward scattering matrix S and T backward：
S(θs,θi,φs-φi)=U-1P(θs,θi,φs-φi)Δz
T(θt,θi,φt-φi)=U-1P(θt,θi,φt-φi)Δz
Wherein, θiIt is incidence angle；θsIt is angle of scattering；It is incident orientation angle；It is scattering azimuth；U-1It is diagonal matrix, unit
Element is the cosine in scattering direction；N is the species number of plant component；It is that jth kind vegetation component is thin at h in Vegetation canopy
First kind average bulk density in layer, unit is individual, is constant in vertically to uniform canopy.Measurement it is relatively simple,
The quantity M of jth class plant component in unit volume in canopy can be measured, so as to haveWherein V is canopy
Cumulative volume.Also can be by NjH () is calculated, both relations are：
It is revised to be to the backward and forward scattering Matrix Computation Formulas of non-homogeneous canopy vertically：
By revised equation by the vertical to distribution function N of various types of Vegetation canopy assembly body quantityjH () incorporates
In double-matrix algorithm frame, relation is established with Vegetation canopy collision matrix.
Finally, the backscattering coefficient of Vegetation canopy is calculated based on double-matrix algorithm.
This calculating process can be by existing vegetation backscattering coefficient model realization.
Refer to shown in Fig. 3, during the Multiple Scattering between two equal thickness thin layers, the backward and forward direction of ground floor
Collision matrix is S1And T1, the backward and forward scattering matrix of the second layer is S2And T2.Subscript " * " represents that incidence angle is reversely incident
When (incidence angle is at plane of incidence inward turning turnback angle) backward and forward scattering matrix.Using double-matrix algorithm, can obtain
To backward and forward scattering matrix S ', the T ' of the thin layer that the thickness being made up of upper and lower two small thin layers is 2 Δ z.
Repeat the collision matrix that this process obtains final product any thickness dielectric layer.Back scattering matrix S0With back scattering system
Number σ0Between relation be：
σ0=4 π S0。
Below to the preferable cone crown canopy shown in Fig. 2 respectively according to vertical to being uniformly scattered to non-homogeneous with vertical
The comparative simulation experiment of characteristic modeling.
Please refer to shown in Fig. 4, the preferable cone canopy feature built in this example is as follows：
(1) canopy builds according to pine tree canopy, including two class vegetation components：Needle and branch；
(2) cone angle of cone canopy is set to 30 °, and canopy thickness is H, and bottom radius is R=Htan α, and be easy to get Ω (h)
=π (H-h)2·tan2α；
(3) generality of vegetation component direction is not lost, and blade is assumed to be horizontal positioned, and orientation is symmetrical；Branch is assumed to be
It is disposed vertically；
(4) vegetation component is uniformly distributed in the canopy enveloping space, i.e. Equations of The Second Kind volume density μjIt is to set in constant, this example
It is 8 × 10-5cm-3；
(5) other Crown canopy parametres and incoming electromagnetic field parameters are as shown in the table：
The step of according to being established in specific embodiment：
First, the species of vegetation component in Vegetation canopy is determined.Canopy is the artificial preferable canopy for building in this example, is planted
It is needle and the class of branch two by component species.
Secondly, the vertical to distribution function of various types of vegetation component volume density is determined.Canopy is artificial structure in this example,
Equivalent to the growth model for giving determination, it is hereby achieved that the exact position of each component, further determines that various types of vegetation
Component first kind volume density it is vertical to distribution function Nj(h)。
By canopy shape cone and Equations of The Second Kind volume density μjCalculate and understand first kind volume density Nj(h) it is vertical to distribution letter
Number：
Again, according to the vertical thin-layer scattering matrix calculated to distribution function in double-matrix algorithm for determining.
Finally, the backscattering coefficient of Vegetation canopy is calculated based on double-matrix algorithm.
Shown in the backscattering coefficient analog result Fig. 5 of the preferable canopy under VV polarization modes, analog result shows hangs down
Directly to uniformly -3.4dB is about with the vertical difference to non-homogeneous canopy analog result, illustrate vertically to heterogeneity for vegetation
The backscattering coefficient of canopy possesses obvious influence, for the observation of SAR vegetation, especially under rail SAR observation modes high, is
Vegetation Microwave Backscattering Model has to the factor for considering, technical scheme proposed by the invention is for the follow-up accurate research of correlation
It is most important.
The above, is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, and any formal limitation is not made to the present invention, this
Art personnel make a little simple modification, equivalent variations or modification using the technology contents of the disclosure above, all fall within this hair
In bright protection domain.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of rail SAR high is vertical to non-homogeneous Vegetation canopy backscattering coefficient analogy method, it is characterised in that including following
Step：
Determine the species of Vegetation canopy component；
Determine the vertical to distribution function N of various types of vegetation component volume densityj(h)；
Calculate the thin layer back scattering matrix S and forward scattering matrix T in double-matrix algorithm；
Calculate the backscattering coefficient of Vegetation canopy；
Wherein, the thin layer back scattering matrix S in double-matrix algorithm is with the computing formula of forward scattering matrix T：
T(θt,θi,φt-φi)=U-1P(θt,θi,φt-φi)Δz
In formula：θiIt is incidence angle；θsIt is angle of scattering；It is incident orientation angle；It is scattering azimuth；U-1It is diagonal matrix, element is
Scatter the cosine in direction；P is EM scattering phase matrix；H is position of the vegetation component in canopy；Δ z is each thickness of thin layer；
N is the Vegetation canopy component density in unit thin layer volume；N is the species number of Vegetation canopy component, and j represents jth class vegetation
Canopy component.
2. rail SAR high according to claim 1 is vertical to non-homogeneous Vegetation canopy backscattering coefficient analogy method, and it is special
The species for levying the Vegetation canopy component described in being is blade, cane, branch, fruit or flower.
3. rail SAR high according to claim 1 is vertical to non-homogeneous Vegetation canopy backscattering coefficient analogy method, and it is special
The backscattering coefficient for levying the calculating Vegetation canopy described in being is comprised the following steps：
The thickness for calculating upper and lower two small thin layers compositions is the back scattering matrix S ' and forward scattering matrix of the thin layer of 2 Δ z
T′；
Repeat the above-mentioned back scattering matrix S for being calculated the dielectric layer for needing thickness0；
Calculate backscattering coefficient σ0；
Wherein, back scattering matrix S ' is with the computing formula of forward scattering matrix T '：
The computing formula of backscattering coefficient is：σ0=4 π S0
In formula, S1It is the back scattering matrix of ground floor, T1It is the forward scattering matrix of ground floor, S2Backward for the second layer dissipates
Penetrate matrix, T2It is the forward scattering matrix of the second layer, backward and forward scattering matrix when * represents that incident direction is reversely incident.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108051808A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-05-18 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | High rail SAR continuously stares working system design method |
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