CN106770052A - A kind of device for perceiving water body scatterer changes of contents - Google Patents
A kind of device for perceiving water body scatterer changes of contents Download PDFInfo
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- CN106770052A CN106770052A CN201611032099.9A CN201611032099A CN106770052A CN 106770052 A CN106770052 A CN 106770052A CN 201611032099 A CN201611032099 A CN 201611032099A CN 106770052 A CN106770052 A CN 106770052A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
- G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of device for perceiving water body scatterer changes of contents, belong to water body scatterer detection field, for high cost in the water body scatterer content detection technology for solving prior art, device is complicated, the shortcoming low to the water body accuracy of detection of low turbidity, and propose a kind of device for perceiving water body scatterer changes of contents, including the waterproof case being made up of printing opacity water-proof window and waterproof enclosure, the printing opacity water-proof window is arranged on the side of the waterproof case, the enclosure interior is provided with continuity laser and ccd sensor, during the printing opacity water-proof window is used to making the light beam of continuity laser transmitting to inject water, it is additionally operable to the light beam is injected the housing and is received by the ccd sensor by the light after the scatterer scattering in water.Ccd sensor judges the scatterer content in water body by the parameter that formula is calculated.The present invention is applied to ocean environment observation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device for perceiving water body scatterer changes of contents, belong to water body scatterer detection neck
Domain.
Background technology
Water body scatterer changes of contents is one of important indicator of ocean environment observation, and the increase of scatterer imply that
The increase of turbid material content in marine environment, the observation to scatterer changes of contents has in fishery and national marine safety
Important function.The relevant report of aquatic product fishery confirms that the increase of turbidity shows that water body degenerates material and content of microorganisms
Increase, oxygen content of water decline, have large effect to aquatic biology.In terms of marine safety, there is lot of documents to demonstrate,prove
Can there is more small suspended bubble in the deep sea waters that the artificial underwater navigation thing such as real submarine is swum across, the measurement to bubble turns into
The important technical of underwater navigation thing tracking and monitoring.
At present, for seawater material measurement based on optical means, for example the researcher such as mound Zhong Feng is in 2015
A kind of disclosed satellite remote sensing method (publication number for monitoring muddy turbidity of sea water high of year application：105004846A), the method makes
Optical remote sensing observation is carried out to ocean with satellite, but the method is only applicable to turbidity seawater high, the survey to low turbidity seawater
Amount sensitivity is relatively low, and can only carry out overall observation to marine site on a large scale.The researchers such as Ou Yangmin disclosed one in 2007
Plant with the method (publication number of pulsed laser real time measurement sea water opacity：, but the device knot that is used of the method 101266210)
Structure is complicated, and element used by the transmission-type structural requirement measurement apparatus for being used is distributed in pond both sides, and requires laser used
It is narrow linewidth high energy pulse YAG laser, the laser used of the method is expensive.The researchers such as Liu Xizhan were in 2014
Disclose a kind of Wake Bubble detection optical system (publication number：103901598A), the system is realized using sheet laser, lens group
The segmentation of 10 microns to 500 microns of bubbles is shot, the demand to bubble population detection in briny environment is met, but complexity
Lens group improves the difficulty of device stability design, and sheet laser laser is relatively costly.
Summary invention progress, currently for the measurement skill that the optical measurement of water body scatterer is more ripe
Art, but the device complexity of many technologies is high, there is particular/special requirement to original papers such as laser, lens groups, equips high cost.And pin
To the measurement in water body environment, it is desirable to apparatus structure simple and stable, to adapt to various sea situations.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to high cost, device in the water body scatterer content detection technology for solving prior art
Complexity, the shortcoming low to the water body accuracy of detection of low turbidity, and propose a kind of dress for perceiving water body scatterer changes of contents
Put.
The device of water body scatterer changes of contents is perceived, including the waterproof being made up of printing opacity water-proof window and waterproof enclosure
Housing, the printing opacity water-proof window is arranged on the side of the waterproof case, and the enclosure interior is provided with continuity laser
And ccd sensor, during the printing opacity water-proof window is used to making the light beam of continuity laser transmitting to inject water, it is additionally operable to
The light beam is set to inject the housing and be received by the ccd sensor by the light after the scatterer scattering in water.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：1st, using continuous type laser, ccd sensor, different from using in the prior art
Lens, the high cost of film source laser, complex appts structure, cost of the present invention are lower, and the structure of device is simpler；2nd, the present invention
It is observed under water, shoots, different from the optical remote sensing observation of prior art, the sensitivity to low turbidity of the invention is more
It is high.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the device of perception water body scatterer changes of contents of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the image that ccd sensor of the invention is received；
Fig. 3 is the corresponding two-dimentional entropy diagram of image that ccd sensor is received；
Fig. 4 is the corresponding two-dimentional entropy diagram of image that ccd sensor is received after water body scatterer increases；
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of two-dimensional entropy figure forming process.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment one：The device of the perception water body scatterer changes of contents of present embodiment, as shown in figure 1,
Including the waterproof case being made up of printing opacity water-proof window 3 and waterproof enclosure 4, printing opacity water-proof window 3 is arranged on the one of waterproof case
Side, enclosure interior is provided with continuity laser 1 and ccd sensor 2, and printing opacity water-proof window 3 is used to make continuity laser 1
The light beam 5 of transmitting is injected in water, is additionally operable to make light beam 5 inject housing and by CCD by the light after the scatterer scattering in water
Sensor 2 is received.
Wherein, the relative position of ccd sensor 2, laser 1 and printing opacity waterproof enclosure window 3 can change, and printing opacity is anti-
The quantity of water package window can also change, if ensure that the light beam 5 that laser 1 sends can be irradiated in water, and CCD is passed
Sensor 2 can receive optical signal of the light beam 5 after material in water body is scattered.
Ccd sensor 2 and laser 1 are also associated with power supply (not shown in figure 1), and wherein power supply can be with integrated
In the inside of device, it is also possible to which connection is outside as externally fed power supply.
Specific embodiment two：Present embodiment from unlike specific embodiment one：
The resolution ratio of ccd sensor is a × b, and the pixel index of the ccd sensor display image is (i, j), display
The pixel value of each pixel is p (i, j) on image, and the value after the average pixel value of the pixel adjacent with (i, j) is rounded is q
(i, j), defines the matrix that M is for 256 × 256, and element value M (I, J) is p+1=I and the pixel of q+1=J in matrix M
Number, I, J are respectively the horizontal index and vertical index of pixel, and ccd sensor is connected with processor, and the processor includes
Image conversion unit, image conversion unit is used to obtain two-dimentional entropy diagram by the display image, and two-dimentional entropy diagram has is used for table
The speck of scatterer content is levied, the movement of speck and/or diffusion can characterize the content of scatterer.
Image that wherein ccd sensor is received is as shown in Fig. 2 the corresponding two-dimensional entropy of image that receives of ccd sensor
Figure is as shown in Figure 3.
It is briefly described as follows the resolution ratio of ccd sensor and the relation of matrix M：
The size (i.e. 256 rows 256 are arranged) of 256 × 256 representing matrix M, and it is the big of ccd image resolution ratio that a × b is represented
It is small.
The view data that generally colored CCD gets is RGB types, i.e., represent red, green, blueness brightness respectively
Three matrixes.The size of three matrixes is a × b (at once b row), and element institute is in place on the image of the element representation in matrix
The brightness of the corresponding color put.And the view data that black-white CCD is obtained is single matrix, the size of the matrix is a × b.Matrix
In element representation image on the element position gray scale.
Black-white CCD typically is used in the present invention, i.e., need to only obtain black white image (gray level image).Such as use colour
, can be averaging for three matrixes, you can be converted into gray-scale map by CCD.
Pixel value data type in image is uint8 or double, and the picture data type in the present invention is uint8 types
Matrix.The image pixel value of the data type is 0 to 255 integer, i.e., 256 grade.If image pixel value data is
Double types, then its value is 0 to 1.By by 0 to 1 linear projection to 0-255, and can round and obtain uint8 forms
View data.
Matrix M is the new matrix obtained to image pixel Data-Statistics, different from the image array of script.M resolution ratio is 256
× 256 because image pixel value is 256 grades.The resolution ratio of M is not limited by image resolution ratio.
Also, it should be noted that " movement " refers to the movement at two-dimensional entropy image speck center, thus movement be two value X and
Y, represents longitudinal direction index and the laterally movement on index respectively.
Mobile and diffusion can change simultaneously, but because meaning is different, variation tendency is also different.In certain situation
Under, moving parameter and diffusion parameter only have side change.Diffusion can be by the diffusion area of speck and two-dimensional entropy
The ratio of the gross area of figure determines that ratio is bigger, then it represents that diffusion is more obvious, and ratio is smaller, then it represents that diffusion
It is unobvious.
Other steps and parameter are identical with specific embodiment one.
Specific embodiment three：Present embodiment from unlike specific embodiment one or two：
The pixel value of each pixel of two-dimentional entropy diagram is K (I, J)；
Perceiving the processor of water body scatterer changes of contents also includes computing unit, and the computing unit is used to perform such as
Lower calculating：
X=E [I |K(I,J)>0]
Y=E [J |K(I,J)>0]
Wherein X and Y are respectively the horizontal level parameter and upright position parameter of two-dimensional entropy speck；D is for characterizing
State the parameter of the diffusion of speck；E[I|K(I,J)>0] represent meet condition K (I, J) to all>0 I values are averaged；E[J
|K(I,J)>0] represent meet K (I, J) to all>0 J values are averaging；Represent that the value for calculating d is all whole from e to f
During number, the sum of corresponding C values.
Other steps and parameter are identical with specific embodiment one or two.
Specific embodiment four：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to three：
Processor of the invention also includes judging unit, and judging unit is used for from the moving direction for obtaining the speck, bright
Spot is more to the degree of the bottom right side shifting of two-dimentional entropy diagram, then the content of scatterer is more.
This process can as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, and Fig. 4 is the figure that ccd sensor is received after water body scatterer increases
As corresponding two-dimentional entropy diagram.
The contrast of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 may determine that, speck is more to the degree of the bottom right side shifting of two-dimentional entropy diagram, then dissipate
The content for penetrating material is more.
Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to three.
Specific embodiment five：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to four：
Judging unit is additionally operable to obtain the diffusion of the speck, and the diffusion of the speck is more obvious, then described
The content of scatterer is more.
Be can be seen that when speck diffusion is more obvious again by the contrast of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the content of scatterer is more.
Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to four.
Specific embodiment six：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to five：
The judging unit is additionally operable to judge the scatterer content according to the parameter D；The value of D is bigger, then scatter
Content of material is more.
Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to five.
Specific embodiment seven：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to six：
Judging unit is additionally operable to obtain parameter X, Y, the variation tendency of D；The variation tendency of the parameter X and Y is opposite；
If the variation tendency of the parameter X and/or Y with the variation tendency of the parameter D conversely, if show the continuity laser energy
Unstable or described ccd sensor is measured to break down.
Present embodiment illustrates the scatterer content that the present invention can be not only detected in water body, can be with indirect detection
Whether the energy for going out continuous type laser is unstable and whether ccd sensor breaks down.Therefore the present invention also has certain
Self-checking function.
Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to six.
Specific embodiment eight：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to seven：
Judging unit is additionally operable to perform following judgement：
If parameter X, Y, D reduce simultaneously, illustrate that the scatterer increases.
Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to seven.
Specific embodiment nine：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to eight：
Judging unit is additionally operable to perform following judgement：
If parameter X, Y, the amplitude of variation of D have exceeded predetermined value within the predetermined time, or the parameter X,
The variation tendency synchronization of Y, D, and during for stable increase and decrease, then show to contain the barrier beyond conventional amounts in water body.
That is the judgement of present embodiment has two kinds of situations：
The first is quickly significantly to rise and fall." significantly rising and falling " refers to that index fluctuating range exceedes initial value 50%, " fast
Speed " refers within 10 seconds.Three indexs X, Y, D quickly significantly rise and fall and heaving tendency synchronization, illustrate to contain largely in water body
Barrier, such as shoal of fish, the sandstone rolled by current.
Second is steady increase and decrease, without fluctuating.For example when water body has the bubble of few micro-meter scale, X and Y will
Increasing by 25%, D will increase by 50%.When number of bubbles is a lot, X, Y will be increased to 2.5 times of initial value, and D will be increased to the 3 of initial value
Times.
Measured by testing, to a large amount of bubbles are passed through in pure water, then static 10 minutes, now containing few in water body
The microbubble that cannot differentiate of naked eyes.Now X, Y value are higher by 25%, D values and are higher by 50% than initial value than initial value.And prior art
Device is unable to reach this precision, and the device complexity of prior art will be apparently higher than the present invention.
Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to eight.
Specific embodiment ten：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to nine：
Image conversion unit, computing unit and judging unit are integrated in programmable logic chip or computer-internal.
And cable communication can be used between ccd sensor and programmable logic chip or computer, it is also possible to use
Other wireless communication apparatus are communicated.
Wherein, it can be that fluctuating range exceedes initial value in 10 seconds " to have exceeded predetermined value within the predetermined time "
50%.
The present invention can also have other various embodiments, in the case of without departing substantially from spirit of the invention and its essence, this area
Technical staff works as can make various corresponding changes and deformation according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and deformation should all belong to
The protection domain of appended claims of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of device for perceiving water body scatterer changes of contents, including by printing opacity water-proof window and waterproof enclosure constitute it is anti-
Water hull body, the printing opacity water-proof window is arranged on the side of the waterproof case, and the enclosure interior is provided with continuity laser
Device and ccd sensor, during the printing opacity water-proof window is used to making the light beam of continuity laser transmitting to inject water, also use
Inject the housing and received by the ccd sensor by the light after the scatterer scattering in water in the light beam is made.
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the resolution ratio of the ccd sensor is a × b, the CCD
The pixel index of sensor display image is (i, j), and the pixel value of each pixel is p (i, j) in display image, with (i, j)
Value after the average pixel value of adjacent pixel is rounded is q (i, j), defines the matrix that M is for 256 × 256, a unit in matrix M
Plain value M (I, J) is the number of p+1=I and the pixel of q+1=J, and I, J are respectively the horizontal index and vertical rope of pixel
Draw, the ccd sensor is connected with processor, the processor includes image conversion unit, described image converting unit is used for
Two-dimentional entropy diagram is obtained by the display image, the two-dimentional entropy diagram has the speck for characterizing the scatterer content,
The movement of the speck and/or diffusion can characterize the content of the scatterer.
3. device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the pixel value of each pixel of the two-dimentional entropy diagram is K
(I,J)；
The processor also includes computing unit, and the computing unit is calculated as below for execution：
X=E [I |K(I,J)>0]
Y=E [J |K(I,J)>0]
Wherein X and Y are respectively the horizontal level parameter and upright position parameter of two-dimensional entropy speck；D is described bright for characterizing
The parameter of the diffusion of spot；E[I|K(I,J)>0] represent meet condition K (I, J) to all>0 I values are averaged；E[J
|K(I,J)>0] represent meet K (I, J) to all>0 J values are averaging；Represent that the value for calculating d is all whole from e to f
During number, the sum of corresponding C values.
4. device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the processor also includes judging unit, the judgement list
Unit is for from the moving direction for obtaining the speck, the speck to be got over to the degree of the bottom right side shifting of the two-dimentional entropy diagram
Many, then the content of the scatterer is more.
5. the device according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that the judging unit is additionally operable to obtain the speck
Diffusion, the gross area that the diffusion area of the speck accounts for two-dimentional entropy diagram is bigger, then the content of the scatterer is more.
6. device according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the judging unit is additionally operable to be judged according to the parameter D
The scatterer content；The value of D is bigger, then scatterer content is more.
7. device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the judging unit is additionally operable to obtain parameter X, Y, D
Variation tendency；The variation tendency of the parameter X and Y is opposite；If the variation tendency of the parameter X and/or Y and the parameter D
Variation tendency conversely, then showing that the continuity energy of lasers is unstable or the ccd sensor breaks down.
8. device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the judging unit is additionally operable to perform following judgement：
If the upright position parameter Y of the horizontal level parameter X of the parameter two-dimensional entropy speck, two-dimensional entropy speck and for characterizing
The parameter D of the diffusion of the speck reduces simultaneously, illustrates that the scatterer increases.
9. the device according to claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that the judging unit is additionally operable to perform following judgement：
If the upright position parameter Y of the horizontal level parameter X of the parameter two-dimensional entropy speck, two-dimensional entropy speck and for characterizing
The amplitude of variation of the parameter D of the diffusion of the speck has exceeded predetermined value within the predetermined time, or
Variation tendency is synchronous and during for stable increase and decrease, then show to contain the barrier beyond conventional amounts in water body.
10. device according to claim 9, it is characterised in that described image converting unit, the computing unit and institute
State judging unit and be integrated in programmable logic chip or computer-internal.
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| CN107282534A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-10-24 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | A kind of liquid propellant rocket engine test pressure sensor cleaning device |
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